|
Alyxia oliviformis, maile. The bark and leaves of this native
Hawaiian vine are used to make a fragrant lei. |
|
Allamanda cathartica, allamanda, lani-ali'i.
Climbing ornamental shrub from Brazil, with large yellow tubular flowers to about 3 inches
in diameter. The leaves contain a cathartic. |
|
Allamanda schottii, allamanda. Small shrub
from Brazil, with yellow tubular flowers smaller than preceding species. Fruits globose,
prickly, burlike. |
|
Alstonia scholaris, devil tree. Native from
India to Solomon Islands. UH Campus, Honolulu, HI, February, 2005. |
|
Beaumontia jerdoniana. This species has a very broad corolla
tube which makes it possible to easily see the anthers adhering to the stigma. |
|
Carissa macrocarpa, Natal plum. In this species the tube of the
5-lobed corolla is very narrow. In the first image note the paired red fruits that have
developed from the
separate ovaries of the single pistil. They diverged during the maturation period
following abscission of the unifying style (one ovary often aborts). |
|
Cascabela thevetia, be-still tree. This is another example of a
poisonous member of the family. Note the small droplets of white sap seeping out of the
lower half of the fruit. |
|
Catharanthus roseus, Madagascar periwinkle.
Perennial herb or low shrub from W. Indies, with white or pink, slenderly tubular flowers;
often used as a ground cover. |
|
Cerbera manghas. Note the white sap oozing from the cuts on the
fruit. Sap from species such as this have been used in arrow poisons. |
|
Nerium oleander, oleander. This is a highly poisonous member of
the family. The flowers have a fringe of extra appendages in the throat of the corolla. |
|
Pachypodium lamerei, Madagascar palm, UC Davis greenhouse. |
|
Plumeria obtusa, Singapore plumeria. This is one of the very
common lei flowers in Hawaii. |
|
Stemmadenia littoralis, lecheso. Small ornamental tree from
Central America with paired oval leaves about 6 inches long and yellow-centered white
tubular flowers about 2 inches or more in length. Note the complete separation of the two
carpels in the developing fruit on the right (one carpel dehiscing as a
follicle). |
|
Strophanthus sp. |
|
Tabernaemontana divaricata, Apocynaceae, paper
gardenia, crape jasmine. Shrub from S.E. Asia, with white, often
"doubled" flowers. Wood used for perfume and incense; plant has
medicinal value but roots said to be poisonous. |
|
Thevetia ahouai (identification courtesy of George de Verteuil) |
|
Vinca major, periwinkle. OSU Campus, Corvallis, OR, Jul
2004. |
|
Vinca sp. |
|
Asclepias speciosa, milk weed. Note opposite leaves and copious
white sap seeping from damaged leaf. These are typical flowers for the family. Note the
reddish reflexed corolla lobes. The very tips of 2 or 3 sepals are scarcely visible
between corolla lobes. Just above the short corolla tube is the whorl of hooded and horned
appendages that make up the corona. The green and pink gynostegium is in the center of the
flower. One of the five grooves of the gynostegium in the central flower is clearly
visible. The pair of pollen sacs and the connecting gland that was present in this area of
the gynostegium has been removed by a visiting insect. The gland would have been directly
above the groove and it would have been attached to one pollen sac in each of the
depressions visible on each side and slightly above the groove. The gland in the next
counterclockwise position is still in place and is barely visible on the right side of the
tip of the lower right coronal horn. |
|
Asclepias curassavica, blood flower. |
|
Calotropis gigantea, crown flower. The "crown" of this
flower is used in leis. The dark gland at each of the 5 points around the massive stigma
is attached to two pollen sacs, one from each of two adjacent anthers. |
|
Calotropis procera, small crown flower. |
|
Ceropegia ampliata. Note orientation of hairs in the perianth
tube that would make it difficult for insects to crawl out of the chamber
once they enter. |
|
Ceropegia haygarthii. Zygomorphic flowers such are this are rare
in the family. The corolla on this one has been sectioned to reveal the gynostegium deep
inside the tube. The pollination syndrome in this case includes trapping the visiting
insect for a period of time. Note the milky sap oozing from the cut surfaces. |
|
Dischidia sp. |
|
Hoya bicarinata, wax plant, pua-hoku-hihi. Vine from S. China
with roots appearing along the stems. Leaves shiny, thick; flowers in clusters at leaf
axils, fragrant, waxy, used for leis. |
|
Hoya carnosa, wax flower. In this species the corollas are fuzzy and
the waxy coronas partially obscure the gynostegium. The glands connecting adjacent pollen
sacs are visible as tiny dark specks in the grooves between the coronal appendages. |
|
Stephanotis floribunda. This sweetly scented vine has tubular
flowers that hide the gynostegium. It may be seen in the cut-away view in the
second photo. The ant in the third photo is "trapped" on
the gynostegium; one leg is stuck in each of two of the grooves. It
is apparently not strong enough to free itself by dislodging the pollinia
attached to the glands at the narrow end of the grooves. |