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| flowers of K Mischogyne elliotana (no specimen associated) L Uvariodendron gorgonis (Dagallier 38) M Ud. molundense (Bidault 2222) N Ud. connivens (Couvreur 1016) O Ud. var. fuscum (Couvreur 990) P Uvariopsis congensis (Lachenaud 1384) Q Up. lovettiana (Couvreur 97b) R Up. bakeriana (Couvreur 1000) S Up. submontana (Couvreur 627) T Up. pedunculosa (Couvreur 878). in Dagallier, Mbago, Couderc, Gaudeul, ... et Couvreur, 2023. Photos by Thomas Couvreur, Léo-Paul Dagallier, Carel Jongkind, Ehoarn Bidault & Olivier Lachenaud. |
Abstract
Monodoreae (Annonaceae) is a tribe composed of 11 genera and 90 species restricted to the tropical African rain forests. All the genera are taxonomically well circumscribed except the species rich genera Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis which lack a recent taxonomic revision. Here, we used a robust phylogenomic approach, including all the 90 currently accepted species, with several specimens per species, and based on more than 300 Annonaceae-specific nuclear genes, to infer the phylogenetic tree of the Monodoreae and test the limits between the genera and species. We recover all the genera as monophyletic, except the genus Uvariopsis for which the species Uvariopsis tripetala falls outside this clade. We thus reinstate the monotypic genus Dennettia for its single species Dennettia tripetala. We also erect a new tribe, Ophrypetaleae trib. nov., to accommodate the genera Ophrypetalum and Sanrafaelia, as we recover them excluded from the Monodoreae tribe with good support. Below the genus level, the genera Isolona, Monodora, Uvariastrum, Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis show weakly supported nodes and phylogenetic conflicts, suggesting that population level processes of evolution might occur in these clades. Our results also support, at the molecular level, the description of several new species of Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis, as well as several new synonymies. Finally, we present a taxonomic revision of the genera Dennettia, Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis, which contain one, 18 and 17 species respectively. We provide a key to the 11 genera of the Monodoraeae and describe four new species to science: Uvariodendron kimbozaense Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., Uvariodendron mossambicense Robson ex Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., Uvariodendron pilosicarpum Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov. and Uvariopsis oligocarpa Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., and provide provisional descriptions of three putatively new species. We also present lectotypifications and nomenclatural changes implying synonymies and new combinations (Uvariodendron citriodorum (Le Thomas) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov., Uvariodendron fuscum var. magnificum (Verdc.) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov., Uvariopsis congensis var. angustifolia Dagallier & Couvreur, var. nov., Uvariopsis guineensis var. globiflora (Keay) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov., and Uvariopsis solheidii var. letestui (Pellegr.) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov.).
Key words: conservation, evolution, new species, phylogeny, tropical rain forests
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| Ophrypetaleae tribe. Ophrypetalum odoratum Diels A trunk B young branch with leaves, upper side C flower and flower buds D flower, from below. Sanrafaelia ruffonammari Verdc E trunk F young branch with leaves and flower buds G flower buds H flower, top view I flower, side view J fruit. A, B Dagallier 54 C Couvreur 56 D Couvreur 82 E–J Dagallier 31. Photos A,,B, E–J Léo-Paul Dagallier C, ,D Thomas Couvreur. |
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| Phylogenetic trees of the Monodoreae inferred with ASTRAL, based on 334 nuclear genes trees. The branch support is given as local posterior probability (LPP) in three shades of greys. For the details on the specimens see Suppl. material 3. Insets: flowers of A Ophrypetalum odoratum (Couvreur 82) B Sanrafaelia ruffonammari (Dagallier 31) C Asteranthe asterias (Dagallier 10) D Hexalobus crispiflorus (no specimen associated) E Uvariastrum zenkeri (no specimen associated) F Isolona hexaloba (no specimen associated) G I. cauliflora (Dagallier 44) H Monodora grandidieri (Dagallier 26) I M. myristica (living specimen at NY conservatory) J M. tenuifolia (Couvreur 1019) K Mischogyne elliotana (no specimen associated) L Uvariodendron gorgonis (Dagallier 38) M Ud. molundense (Bidault 2222) N Ud. connivens (Couvreur 1016) O Ud. var. fuscum (Couvreur 990) P Uvariopsis congensis (Lachenaud 1384) Q Up. lovettiana (Couvreur 97b) R Up. bakeriana (Couvreur 1000) S Up. submontana (Couvreur 627) T Up. pedunculosa (Couvreur 878). Photos CC BY-NC 4.0 A, D–F, J, N, O, Q–T Thomas Couvreur B, C, G–I, L Léo-Paul Dagallier K Carel Jongkind M Ehoarn Bidault P Olivier Lachenaud. |
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| Uvariodendron fuscum (Benth.) R.E.Fr. var. fuscum A leaf, lower side B apex of young branch with detail of petiole and leaf base, upper side, inset: detail of sparse pubescence on young branch C trunk with flower bud (top) and flower (bottom) D open flower E young fruit with unripe monocarps, one old petal remaining F flower semi-bottom view, showing bracts and sepals G detail of flower after anthesis, note the falling stamens and pollinator insects, inset: detail of Coleoptera full of pollen grains. A, E, G Couvreur 1046 B, C Couvreur 1029 D, F Couvreur 990. Photos Thomas Couvreur. |
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| Uvariodendron kimbozaense Dagallier & Couvreur A habit B trunk with borne inflorescences C young inflorescence with flower buds D flower with one outer petal and the 3 inner petals torn or gnawed E young branch with leaves, lower side F young branch with leaves, upper side G detail of flower receptacle with stamens and stigmas, note the gleaming exudate on the stigmas and the hairs stuck on them H base of leaf, upper side, note the slightly raised midrib. A–H Dagallier 49 (type). Photos Léo-Paul Dagallier. |
Léo-Paul M. J. Dagallier, Frank M. Mbago, Marie Couderc, Myriam Gaudeul, Aurélie Grall, Caroline Loup, Jan J. Wieringa, Bonaventure Sonké and Thomas L. P. Couvreur. 2023. Phylogenomic Inference of the African Tribe Monodoreae (Annonaceae) and Taxonomic Revision of Dennettia, Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis. PhytoKeys. 233: 1-200. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096
Résumé: La tribu des Monodoreae (Annonaceae) est composée de 11 genres et 90 espèces des forêts tropicales humides d’Afrique. Tout les genres sont taxonomiquement bien résolus, à part les genres Uvariodendron et Uvariopsis qui manquent d’une révision taxonomique récente. Ici, nous avons utilisé une approche phylogénomique robuste pour estimer l’arbre phylogénétique des Monodoreae, et tester les limites de genres et d’espèces. Pour cela, nous avons inclut les 90 espèces acceptées, et avons séquencé plus de 300 gènes. Tous les genres sont retrouvés monophylétiques, à part le genre Uvariopsis pour lequel l’espèce Uvariopsis tripetala se retrouve exclue. Nous rétablissons donc le genre monotypique Dennettia et son unique espèce Dennettia tripetala. Nous érigeons une nouvelle tribu, les Ophrypetaleae trib. nov., pour accueillir les genres Ophrypetalum et Sanrafaelia, car nous les retrouvons exclus de la tribu des Monodoreae avec un bon support. Au niveau infra-générique, les genres Isolona, Monodora, Uvariastrum, Uvariodendron et Uvariopsis montrent de faibles supports de noeuds et des conflits phylogénétiques, ce qui suggère que des processus d’évolution se déroulent au niveau des populations. Nos résultats soutiennent également, sur un plan moléculaire, la description de plusieurs nouvelles espèces d’Uvariodendron et d’Uvariopsis, de même que plusieurs synonymies. Enfin, nous présentons une révision taxonomique des genres Dennettia, Uvariodendron et Uvariopsis, qui contiennent respectivement un, 18 et 17 espèces. Nous fournissons une clé des 11 genres de Monodoreae, et décrivons quatre nouvelles espèces pour la science: Uvariodendron kimbozaense Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., Uvariodendron mossambicense Robson ex Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., Uvariodendron pilosicarpum Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov. et Uvariopsis oligocarpa Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., et fournissons une description provisoire de trois autres potentielles. Nous effectuons des lectotypifications et des changements nomenclaturaux tels que des synonymies et des nouvelles combinaisons (Uvariodendron citriodorum (Le Thomas) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov., Uvariodendron fuscum var. magnificum (Verdc.) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov., Uvariopsis congensis var. angustifolia Dagallier & Couvreur, var. nov., Uvariopsis guineensis var. globiflora (Keay) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. stat. nov., et Uvariopsis solheidii var. letestui (Pellegr.) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. stat. nov.).
