Belongs within: Campanulaceae.
Contains: Downingia, Cyanea, Siphocampylus.
Lobelia is a cosmopolitan genus of herbaceous plants with resupinate flowers due to a twisted peduncle. Recent phylogenetic studies have indicated that the genus as commonly recognised is non-monophyletic with a number of other lobelioid genera nested within it.
Characters (from Black & Robertson 1965): Herbs; flowers in some species dioecious by sterility of anthers in females and of small ovary in males. Sepals 5; corolla-tube slit to base on upper or posterior side, two upper lobes more deeply separated and forming more or less distinct upper lip, lower lip three-lobed, spreading, two protuberances frequently present in throat below; filaments inserted at base of corolla and often united to each other aboe middle; anthers united in an oblique ring around style; stigma two-lobed, usually with ring of collecting hairs below it and exserted beyond anthers in female or bisexual flowers; ovary two-celled; capsule opening at summit loculicidally in two valves.
<==Lobelia Linnaeus 1753 [incl. Colensoa Hooker 1853] A61
|--+--L. borneensis CM16 [=Pratia borneensis P88]
| `--+--+--L. heterophylla CM16
| | `--L. physaloides Cunn. 1839 CM16, A61 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--+--L. baumannii CM16
| | `--L. hartlaubii CM16
| `--+--+--L. malowensis CM16
| | `--L. patula CM16
| `--+--L. coronopifolia CM16
| `--+--L. holstii CM16
| `--L. tomentosa CM16
`--+--+--+--L. thermalis CM16
| | `--+--Grammatotheca bergiana CM16
| | `--+--L. aquatica CM16
| | `--L. zeylanica CM16
| `--+--L. linearis CM16
| `--Monopsis CM16
| |--+--M. alba CM16
| | `--M. stellarioides CM16
| | |--M. s. ssp. stellarioides B06
| | `--M. s. ssp. schimperiana B06
| `--+--M. debilis CM16
| `--M. flava CM16
`--+--L. sonderiana CM16
`--+--L. galpinii CM16
`--+--+--L. laxa CM16
| `--+--L. erinus CM16
| `--+--L. fervens CM16
| `--L. graniticola CM16
`--+--+--L. anceps Linnaeus 1781 CM16, BR65
| `--Wimmerella hederacea CM16
`--+--L. jasionoides CM16
`--+--L. urens CM16
`--+--+--Downingia CM16
| `--Solenopsis CM16
| |--S. antiphonitis CM16
| |--S. laurentia CM16
| `--S. minuta CM16
`--+--+--+--Diastatea micrantha CM16
| | `--+--Palmerella debilis CM16
| | `--+--L. organensis CM16
| | `--L. petiolata CM16
| `--+--+--+--L. inflata CM16
| | | `--L. kalmii CM16
| | `--+--L. spicata CM16
| | `--+--L. dortmanna CM16
| | `--+--L. puberula CM16
| | `--+--L. cardinalis CM16
| | | |--L. c. ssp. cardinalis H93
| | | `--L. c. ssp. graminea H93
| | | |--L. c. ssp. g. var. graminea H93
| | | |--L. c. ssp. g. var. multiflora H93
| | | `--L. c. ssp. g. var. pseudosplendens H93
| | `--L. siphilitica CM16
| `--+--+--L. laxiflora CM16
| | `--+--L. irasuensis CM16
| | `--L. xalapensis CM16
| `--+--L. portoricensis CM16
| `--+--L. kraussi CM16
| `--+--Hippobroma longiflora CM16
| `--+--L. martagon CM16
| `--L. stricta CM16
`--+--+--+--Dialypetalum CM16
| | |--+--L. gloria-montis CM16
| | | `--L. villosa CM16
| | `--Trematolobelia CM16
| | |--T. kauaiensis CM16
| | `--T. macrostachys CM16
| `--+--+--+--L. boninensis CM16
| | | `--+--L. niihauensis CM16
| | | `--+--L. hypoleuca CM16
| | | `--L. yuccoides CM16
| | `--+--+--L. longisepala CM16
| | | `--L. morogoroensis CM16
| | `--+--L. stricklandiae CM16
| | `--+--L. exaltata CM16
| | `--L. fistulosa CM16
| `--+--+--L. gregoriana CM16
| | | |--L. g. ssp. gregoriana CM16
| | | `--L. g. ssp. sattimae CM16
| | `--+--+--L. columnaris CM16
| | | `--L. gibberoa CM16
| | `--+--Sclerotheca jayorum CM16
| | `--+--L. thuliniana CM16
| | `--Apetahia longistigmata CM16
| `--+--+--Delissea CM16
| | | |--D. rhytidosperma CM16
| | | |--D. subcordata CM16
| | | `--D. undulata CM16
| | `--Brighamia CM16
| | |--B. insignis CM16
| | `--B. rockii CM16
| `--+--+--L. leschenaultiana CM16
| | `--+--L. nicotianifolia CM16
| | `--L. seguinii CM16
| `--Cyanea CM16
`--+--+--L. angulata Forster 1786 CM16, A61 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--+--+--L. nummularia CM16
| | | `--L. oligophylla CM16
| | `--+--L. linnaeoides (Hooker) Petrie 1891 (see below for synonymy) A61
| | `--+--L. macrodon CM16
| | `--L. roughii Hooker 1864 CM16, A61 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--L. chinensis CM16
| `--+--‘Isotoma’ axillaris CM16
| `--+--+--L. arnhemiaca CM16
| | `--L. purpurascens CM16 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--L. loochooensis CM16
| `--Isotoma CM16
| |--I. fluviatilis Mueller 1869 CM16, BR65 (see below for synonymy)
| |--I. hypocrateriformis OS04
| |--I. petraea Mueller 1852 (see below for synonymy) BR65
| `--I. scapigera Don 1834 (see below for synonymy) BR65
`--+--+--L. polyphylla CM16
| `--+--L. bridgesii CM16
| `--+--L. excelsa CM16
| `--L. tupa CM16
`--Siphocampylus CM16
Lobelia incertae sedis:
L. aberdarica CM16
L. aguana CM16
L. arenaria CM16
L. assurgens JS87
|--L. a. var. assurgens J87
`--L. a. var. santa-clarae J87
L. calcarata CM16
L. christii JS87
L. deckenii CM16
L. dentata H87
L. dioica LK14
L. douglasiana LK14
L. dunnii H93
|--L. d. var. dunnii H93
`--L. d. var. serrata H93
L. erectiuscula O88
L. fenestralis CM16
L. flexuosa CM16
L. fulgens D59
L. giberroa K09
L. gracilis H87
L. hereroensis CV06
L. hotteana Judd & Skean 1987 JS87
L. kauaensis CM16
L. leucotos LK14
L. mcvaughii CM16
L. nana CM16
L. perpusilla Hooker 1853 CM16, A61 [=Pratia perpusilla Hooker 1864 A61]
L. rarifolia OS04
L. rhynchopetalum CM16
L. robusta JS87
L. rotundifolia JS87
L. stenophylla BR65
L. tenuior GK00
L. vivaldii CM16
L. sect. Hemipogon BR65
|--L. alata Labillardière 1804 BR65
`--L. pratioides Bentham 1869 BR65
L. sect. Holopogon BR65
|--L. gibbosa Labillardière 1804 [incl. L. browniana, L. microsperma, L. simplicicaulis] BR65
`--L. rhombifolia De Vriese 1845 BR65
Isotoma fluviatilis Mueller 1869 CM16, BR65 [=Lobelia fluviatilis Brown 1810 BR65, Laurentia fluviatilis (Brown) Wimmer 1948 BR65; incl. Lo. inundata Brown 1910 BR65]
Isotoma petraea Mueller 1852 [=Laurentia petraea (Mueller) Wimmer 1948] BR65
Isotoma scapigera Don 1834 [=Lobelia scapigera Brown 1810, Laurentia scapigera (Brown) Endlicher 1838] BR65
Lobelia angulata Forster 1786 CM16, A61 [=Pratia angulata (Forster) Hooker 1844 A61; incl. L. littoralis Cunningham 1839 A61, P. angulata var. minor Carse 1930 A61, P. angulata var. obovata Wimmer 1943 A61, Lobelia rugulosa Graham 1829 A61, P. treadmanii ms A61]
Lobelia linnaeoides (Hooker) Petrie 1891 [=Pratia linnaeoides Hooker 1864; incl. L. linnaeoides var. brevipilis Wimmer 1953] A61
Lobelia physaloides Cunn. 1839 CM16, A61 [=*Colensoa physaloides (Cunn.) Hooker 1853 A61, Pratia physaloides (Cunn.) Hemsl. 1886 A61]
Lobelia purpurascens CM16 [=Pratia purpurascens (Brown) Wimmer 1953 BR65]
Lobelia roughii Hooker 1864 CM16, A61 [incl. L. roughii var. alces Wimm. 1953 A61]
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).
[BR65] Black, J. M., & E. L. Robertson. 1965. Flora of South Australia. Part IV. Oleaceae–Compositae. W. L. Hawes, Government Printer: Adelaide.
[B06] Burgoyne, P. M. 2006. Review: Plants of the Simen. A flora of the Simen Mountains and surroundings, northern Ethiopia. Bothalia 36 (2): 253.
[CV06] Craven, P., & P. Vorster. 2006. Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia. Bothalia 36 (2): 175–189.
[CM16] Crowl, A. A., N. W. Miles, C. J. Visger, K. Hansen, T. Ayers, R. Haberle & N. Cellinese. 2016. A global perspective on Campanulaceae: biogeographic, genomic, and floral evolution. American Journal of Botany 103 (2): 233–245.
[D59] Darwin, C. 1859. The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life 1st ed. John Murray: London. (reprinted 1967. Atheneum: New York; 1968. Penguin Books: London)
[GK00] Gibson, N., & G. J. Keighery. 2000. Flora and vegetation of the Byenup-Muir reserve system, south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 3 (3): 323–402.
[H87] Haviland, E. 1887. Flowering seasons of Australian plants. No. II. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1103–1104.
[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).
[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1–136.
[JS87] Judd, W. S., & J. D. Skean, Jr. 1987. Three new angiosperms from Parc National Pic Macaya, Massif de la Hotte, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 137–150.
[K09] Kelbessa, E. 2009. Three new species of Acanthaceae from Ethiopia. Kew Bulletin 64 (1): 57–65.
[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.
[OS04] Obbens, F. J., & L. W. Sage. 2004. Vegetation and flora of a diverse upland remnant of the Western Australian wheatbelt (Nature Reserve A21064). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (1): 19–28.
[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.
[P88] Polunin, I. 1988. Plants and Flowers of Malaysia. Times Editions: Singapore.
Last updated: 6 June 2019.
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