Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. 1830 SUBGENUS Sturmia SECTION Liparis

Photo by © Eric Hunt

plant in situ in the Faxcahatchee Strand Southern Florida

Photo by © Jay Pfahl

Plant and Inflorescence in situ on bank in São Paulo, Brazil

Photo by © Ismael Nilton Vischi

To and

Common Name The Veined Liparis - In China Jian Xue Qing

Flower Size 1/2" [1.3 cm]

Found in Benin, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast,Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Rwanda, Zaire, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, China, Japan, Korea, Ryukyus, Taiwan, western Himalayas, Sri Lankha, India, Assam, Bangladesh, eastern Himalayas, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Java, Moluccas, the Philippines, Sumatra, New Guinea, Caroline Islands, Marianas, Florida, Mexico, Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leewards, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, Winward Islands, French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela, Peru, Paraguay and Brazil as a wet region, small sized, cool to warm growing terrestrial or lithophyte of the forest understory, except at higher elevations in cloud forest where it can be found on exposed roadbanks, at elevations of 500 to 1800 meters with a cylindric, tapering, pseudobulb that is encased by 4 to 5 non-foliaceous, green, basal sheaths that fall away and bares the bulb before the new growth arises, with lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, acute, plicate leaves that clasp at the base that will bloom in the summer and fall on an erect, terminal, 10 to 15" [25 to 38 cm] long, racemose inflorescence that has many flowers, arising with a new pseudobulb growth. This orchid is probably the most widespread orchid in the world being pan-tropical.

Synonyms Cymbidium bituberculatum Hook. 1824; Cymbidium nervosum Sw. 1799; Diteilis elata (Lindl.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones 2005; Diteilis formosana (Rchb.f.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones 2005; Diteilis nepalensis Raf. 1833; Diteilis nervosa (Thunb.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones 2005; Dituilis nepalensis Raf. 1836; Epidendrum nervosum (Thunb.) Thunb. 1794; Iebine nervosa [Thunb] Raf 1836; Leptorchis bicornis (Ridl.) Kuntze 1891; Leptorchis bituberculata (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891; Leptorchis eggersii (Rchb. f.) Kuntze 1891; Leptorchis elata (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891; Leptorchis guineensis (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891; Leptorchis guingangae (Rchb.f.) Kuntze 1891; Leptorchis kappleri (Rchb.f.) Kuntze 1891; Leptorchis lutea (Ridl.) Kuntze 1891; Leptorchis macrocarpa (Hook.f.) Kuntze 1891; Leptorchis nervosa (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891; Leptorchis odontostoma (Rchb. f.) Kuntze 1891; Leptorchis olivacea (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891; Leptorchis parishii (Hook.f.) Kuntze 1891; Liparis bambusaefolia Makino 1892; Liparis bituberculata (Hook.) Lindl. 1825; Liparis bituberculata var. formosana Ridl. 1886; Liparis bituberculata var. hachijoensis (Nakai) T.Hashim. 1987; Liparis bituberculata var. khasiana Hook.f. 1890; Liparis cornicaulis Makino 1891; Liparis eggersii Rchb. f. 1885; Liparis elata Lindl. 1828; Liparis elata var. inundata Barb. Rodr. 1877; Liparis elata var. latifolia Ridl. 1886; Liparis elata var. longifolia Cogn. 1895; Liparis elata var. purpurascens Regel 1856; Liparis formosana Rchb. f 1880; Liparis guineensis Lindl. 1834; Liparis guingangae Rchb.f. 1867; Liparis hachijoensis Nakai 1921; Liparis inundata (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. 1895 ; Liparis kappleri (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. 1861; Liparis khasiana (Hook.f.) Tang & F.T.Wang 1951; Liparis lutea Ridl. 1885; Liparis macrocarpa Hook.f. 1890; Liparis melanoglossa Schltr. 1911; Liparis nervosa f. aureovariegata K.Nakaj. 1969 ; Liparis nervosa f. kappleri (Rchb.f.) Christenson & Carnevali 1996; Liparis nervosa subsp. granitica Carnevali & I.Ramírez 2003; Liparis nervosa var. formosana (Rchb.f.) M.Hiroe 1971; Liparis nervosa var. khasiana (Hook.f.) P.K.Sarkar 1984; Liparis nyassana Schltr. 1915; Liparis odontostoma Rchb. f. 1876; Liparis olivacea Lindl. 1830; Liparis paradoxa var. parishii Hook.f. 1890; Liparis parishii (Hook.f.) Hook.f. 1890; Liparis perrieri Schltr. 1913; Liparis violaceonervosa Guillaumin 1961; Malaxis nervosa Sw. 1800; *Ophrys nervosa Thunb. 1784; Sturmia bituberculata Rchb. f. 1854; Sturmia kappleri Rchb.f. 1850; Sturmia nervosa (Thunb.) Rchb. f. 1855; Tribrachia racemosa Lindl. ex Schltr. ?

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1854 as Sturmia bituberculata; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1855 as Sturmia nervosa; The Orchids of Burma Grant 1895/95 as Liparis olivacea; The Orchids of Burma Grant 1895/95 as Liparis bituberculata; The Orchids of Burma Grant 1895/95 as Liparis parishii; The Orchids of Sikkim-Himalaya Part 1 King & Pantling 1898 as L paradoxa drawing fide; The Orchids of Sikkim-Himalaya Part 1 King & Pantling 1898 as L odontostoma drawing fide; Studies in the Family Orchidaceae Vol 1 Ames 1905 as L elata var latifolia drawing fide; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905 as L odorata; The Orchids of North-Western Himalaya Vol IX Part II Duthie 1906 L paradoxa; The Orchids of North-Western Himalaya Vol IX Part II Duthie 1906 as L bituberculata; Flora of Jamaica Fawcett & Rendle 1910 as L elata; Orchidaceae of German New Guinea Schlechter 1911 as L melanoglossa drawing fide; Orchidaceae of German New Guinea Schlechter 1911 as L elata; Die Orchideen Schlechter 1915 as L elata; Die Orchideen Schlechter 1915 as L guineensis; Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni. Veg. Beih. 17: 14. Panama Schlechter 1922 as L elata; Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni. Veg. Beih. 19: 151. Costa Rica Schlechter 1923 as L elata; Flore Descriptive des Antilles Francaises H. Stehle 1939 as L elata; Flora of Madagascar Perrier 1939/81 as L lutea; The Orchids of Panama L.O. Williams & P Allen 1946 as L elata drawing fide; Iconografia de Orchidaceae Do Brasil Hoehne 1949 as L elata drawing fide; Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated Vol 1 Dunsterville & Garay 1959 as L elata; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1959 as L odorata var intacta; Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1959 as L longiscapa; AOS Bulletin Vol 32 # 10 1963 as L guinensis; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965 as L elata photo ok; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965 as L guineensis; Orchids of East Africa Piers 1968 as L guineensis; Flora de Venezuela Foldats Volumen XV Part 1 1969 as Liparis elata drawing fide; The AOS Bulletin Vol 38 No 6 1969 as Liparis elata; The Epiphytic Orchids of Malawi Morris 1970 as L guineensis; The Native Orchids of Florida Luer 1972 as L elata drawing/photos fide; Flora of the Lesser Antilles Garay & Sweet 1974 drawing fide; Orchids of Southern Ryukyu Islands Garay & Sweet 1974 drawing fide; Las Orquedias De El Salvador Vol 2 Hamer 1974 drawing/photo fide; Orchidaceae Brasilenses Band 1 Pabst & Dungs 1975 drawing fide;Dansk Bot Arkiv Bind 31 Nr 1 Orchids of Thailand IV Liparis Seidenfaden 1976 drawing fide; Dansk Bot Arkiv Bind 31 Nr 1 Orchids of Thailand IV Liparis Seidenfaden 1976 as L olivacea drawing fide; The Orchids of South Central Africa Williamson 1977 drawing fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 8 1978 as L bituberculatum; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 8 1978 as L macrocarpa; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 8 1978; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 8 1978 as L paradoxa; Indian Orchids, Guide to Identification and Culture vol 2 Pradhan 1979 as L bituberculata drawing fide; Indian Orchids, Guide to Identification and Culture vol 2 Pradhan 1979 as L khasiana drawing fide; Indian Orchids, Guide to Identification and Culture vol 2 Pradhan 1979 drawing fide; Orchids of Venezuela, An Illustrated Field Guide Vol 2 Dunsterville & Garay 1979 drawing fide; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum plate 390 Dodson 1980 drawing fide; A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon Dassanayake & Fosberg 1981 drawing fide;Las Orquedias de El Salvador Vol 3 Hamer 1981 drawing ok; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum plate 822 Dodson 1983 drawing fide;Die Orchideen Band 3 Sonderabdruck aus Schlechter Brieger, Maatsch and Senghas Liferung #13 753 - 819 Liparinae 1983 photo ok; Flora of Tropical East Africa Orchidaceae Part 2 Cribb 1984; Flore D'Afrique Centrale [Zaire- Rwands - Burundi] Orhidaceae Premeir parte Geerink 1984 drawing/photo fide; The Orchids of Surinam Werkhoven 1986 photo ok; Orchids of Nilgiris Joseph 1987 drawing fide; Orchids from The Coast Of Ecuador Arosemana, Jurado, Estrada and Konanz 1988 photo ok; Selbyana Vol 10 Orchids of Central America Hamer 1988 drawing fide; Orchids of Kumaun Himalayas Pangtey, Samant and Rawat 1991; Orchids of Kumaun Himalayas Pangtey, Samant and Rawat 1991 as L paradoxa; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum plate 1444 Atwood 1992 drawing fide; Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family Dressler 1993 drawing fide; Identification of the Orchids [Orchidaceae Juss.] Vietnam Averyanov 1994; Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum Plate 276 Bennett & Christenson 1995 drawing fide; An Orchid Flora Of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands Ackerman 1995 drawing fide; Flora Zambesiaca Vol 11 Orchidaceae Part 1 Pope 1995 drawing/photo fide; African Orchids in the Wild and Cultivation La Croix 1997; Native Colombian Orchids Vol 6 COS 1998 photo fide; Orchids of Venezuela [An illustrated field guide] Vol. 2 Ramiro and Carnevali 2000 drawing fide; Lindleyana Vol 15 No 4 2000 as L paradoxa; AOS Bulletin Vol 69 No 2 2000 photo fide; Orchidaceae Antillanae Nir 2000; Orchid Digest Vol 65 #1 2001 leaf onlyphoto fide; Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum Supplemental Plate Bennett & Christenson 2001 drawing fide; Lindleyana Vol 15 No 4 2000; Harvard Pap. Bot. 5 #2: Carnevali etal. 2001; Native Ecuadorian Orchids Vol 3 COS 2002; Lindleyana Vol 17 No 1 2002; Orchids of Bhutan Pearce & Cribb 2002 photo fide; Orquideas Nativas del Tachira Cesar Fernandez 2003 photo fide; Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica Vol 3 Hammel, Grayum, Herrera and Zamora 2003 as L elata drawin good; Les Orchidees de Cote d'Ivorie Perez-Vera 2003 as L guineensis photo/drawing fide; Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana Vol 7 Steyermark, Berry, Yatskievych and Holst 2003 drawing ok; Field Guide to the Ethiopian Orchids Demissew, Cribb & Rasmussen 2004; Orchids of The Brazilian Central Plateau Menezes 2004 photo fide; The Orchids of Cuba Llamacho & Larramendi 2005 photo fide; Flora Malesiana Orchids of New Guinea Vol III Shuiteman and de Vogel 2006; Orquideas de la Serrania del Baudo Misas Urreta 2006 drawing/photo drawing fide; The Orchids of India A Glimpse Misra 2007 drawing fide; Orchids of India A Glimpse Misra 2007 as L paradoxa drawing fide; Orchids of India A Glimpse Misra 2007 as L khasiana; Orchids of Madagascar Hermans, Du Puy, Cribb & Bosser 2007 as L lutea; Field Guide tothe Orchidsof Madagascar Cribb & Hermans 2009; Orchid Species of Peru Zelenko Bermudez 2009 photo fide; Native Orchids From Gaoligongshan Mountains, China Xiaohua, Xiaodong and Xiaochun 2009; A Field Guide to the Orchids of China Singchi, Zhongjian, Yibo, Xiaohua and Zhanhuo 2009 photo ok; Flora of China Vol 25 Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2009; Flora of China Vol 25 Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2009 as L formosana; AOS Bulletin Vol 79 #11 2010 photo fide; Flora of China Vol 25 Illustrations Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2010 drawing ok; The Wild Orchids in Yunnan Xu Xiang Ye & Liu 2010 photos fide; Orchidaceae of West Central Africa Vol 2 Szlachetko etal 2010 drawing good; The Wild Orchids of Hong Kong Barretto, Cribb and Gale 2011 drawing/photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 82 #12 2013 photo fide; Guia de Orquideas de Chiapas Carlos Rommel Beutelspacher Baigts 2013 as L elegans photo fide; Turczaninowia 16(4):26-46 NEW AND RARE ORCHIDS (ORCHIDACEAE) IN THE FLORA OF CAMBODIA AND LAOS Averyanov 2013 ; Orchid Digest Vol 78 #1 2014 photo fide; Orchids of Odisha Misra 2014 drawing fide; LANKESTERIANA 15(1): 7—50. Jeewan Singh Jalal & J. Jayanthi 2015; Lankesteriana Vol 18 [1]: 23–62 Jalal & Jayanth 2018; Orchid Genera and Species in Guatemala Archila, Szlachchetko, Chiron, Lipinska, Mystkowska and Bertolini 2018 as L elata photo fide; Orchid Genera and Species in Guatemala Archila, Szlachchetko, Chiron, Lipinska, Mystkowska and Bertolini 2018; Orchids, A Colombian Treasure Vol 3 Ortiz & Uribe 2019 drawing/photo fide; Vanishing Beauty, Native Costa Rican Orchids Vol 2 Lacaena to Pteroglossa Pupulin 2020 photo fide; Atlas of Native Orchids of China Vol 2 Jin Xiaohua, Li Jianwu and Ye Deping 2019 photo fide;

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