2. Ulex minor Roth (syn.: U. nanus T.F. Forster ex Symons) (SW and W-Eur.) – A very rare alien, probably locally naturalized. Formerly claimed from a heath in Geluveld (at least between 1852 and 1868 according to herbarium collections) but these records are doubtful (Lawalrée 1961). In 1962 also recorded in relative abundance in Brasschaat (Mikse Baan) (as Ulex gallii). Apparently more or less established for some time but now probably gone. In 2014 observed in relative abundance (about 30 individuals) on bare, sandy soil in Lommel, apparently as an escape from a nearby plantation. Here also seemingly established, at least temporarily. A small population in a nature reserve in Oudenburg (Hoge Dijken), located on the verge of a former sand pit, has always been known as U. europaeus but was identified as U. minor in 2017. In this locality U. minor may have been present since the 1970's (no more anthropogenic disturbance since then).
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Selected literature:
Álvarez Martínez M.J. (1988) El género Ulex en la Cornisa Cantábrica. 1. Ulex gr. galli-minor. Candollea 43: 483-497.
Bullock J.M., Connor J., Carrington S. & Edwards R.J. (1998) Chromosome numbers and flower sizes of Ulex minor Roth. and Ulex gallii Planch. in Dorset. Watsonia 22(2): 143-152.
Conacher E.R.T. (1973) Ulex minor. Glasgow Naturalist 19: 65.
Lawalrée A (1961) Papilionaceae. In: Robyns W. (ed.), Flore Générale de Belgique, vol. 4, fasc. 1. Jardin Botanique de l’Etat, Bruxelles: 9-134.
Proctor M.C.F. (1965) The distinguishing characters and geographical distributions of Ulex minor and Ulex gallii. Watsonia 6: 177-187.
Stokes K.E., Bullock J.M. & Watkinson A.R. (2003) Biological flora of the British Isles: Ulex gallii Planch. and Ulex minor Roth. J. Ecol. 91(6): 1106-1124.