Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com SMILACINA
wool. Produces leafy, terminal spikes SILYBUM (40cm) or more. Has oval, velvety leaves, Semievergreen, upright perennial. H 12–24in
of tubular, pale yellow- and-light-brown 8–91/2in (20–24cm) long. Upright, trumpet- (30–60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has grasslike tufts
or orange-red flowers in summer. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE shaped, bright scarlet flowers are produced of light green, basal leaves. In spring–
Z9–10 H10–9. in summer. Z14–15 H12–10. summer produces flattish, bright yellow
Genus of thistlelike biennials, grown for flowers, with slightly darker veins, on
SILENE their foliage. Needs sun and well-drained SINOFRANCHETIA winged stems. Outer leaves may die off and
soil. Propagate by seed in late spring or turn black in fall. Dwarf forms are known as
Campion, Catchfly early summer. Is prone to slug and snail LARDIZABALACEAE S. brachypus. Prefers moist soil. Z8–9 H9–7.
damage. S. douglasi. See Olsynium douglasii.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE S. marianum, illus. p.304. Genus of one species of deciduous, twining S. ‘E.K. Balls’, illus. p.342.
climber, grown mainly for its foliage. Is S. graminoides, syn. S. angustifolium.
Genus of annuals and perennials, some of Sinarundinaria jaunsarensis. See suitable for covering buildings and growing Semievergreen, erect perennial. H to 12in
which are evergreen, grown for their mass Yushania anceps. up large trees. Separate male and female (30cm), S 3in (8cm). Has tufts of grasslike
of 5-petaled flowers. Needs sun and fertile, Sinarundinaria murieliae. See Fargesia plants are required in order to obtain fruits. leaves. Small, irislike, pale to dark purplish-
well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood murieliae. Needs partial shade and well-drained soil. blue flowers, with yellow bases, are borne
cuttings in spring or by seed in spring or Sinarundinaria nitida. See Fargesia Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. in terminal clusters in late spring and early
early fall. nitida. S. chinensis. Deciduous, twining climber. summer. Z5–8 H8–5.
S. acaulis, illus. p.352. H to 50ft (15m). Mid- to dark green leaves S. grandiflorum. See Olsynium douglasii.
S. alpestris, syn. Heliosperma alpestre, SINNINGIA are divided into 3 oblong to oval leaflets, S. idahoense, syn. S. bellum, illus. p.369.
illus. p.359. 2–6in (5–15cm) long. In late spring has S. odoratissimum. See Olsynium biflorum.
S. armeria ‘Electra’. Moderately fast- GESNERIACEAE small, dull white flowers in pendent S. palmifolium. Semievergreen, upright
growing, erect annual. H 12in (30cm), S 6in racemes, to 4in (10cm) long. Pale purple perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
(15cm). Has oval, grayish-green leaves. Genus of usually summer-flowering, berries, containing many seeds, follow in Produces a fan of narrowly sword-shaped,
Heads of 5-petaled, bright rose-pink tuberous perennials and deciduous summer. Z7–10 H10–7. mid-green leaves. In summer bears dense
flowers are produced in summer and early subshrubs, grown for their showy flowers. spikes of widely funnel-shaped, golden-
fall. H8–1. Prefers a humid atmosphere, partial shade SINOJACKIA yellow flowers.
S. coeli-rosa, syn. Agrostemma coeli- and moist but not waterlogged, peaty soil. S. striatum, illus. p.274. ‘Aunt May’, syn.
rosa, Lychnis coeli-rosa, Viscaria elegans, When leaves die down after flowering, STYRACACEAE S. striatum ‘Variegatum’ is a semievergreen,
illus. p.303. allow tubers to dry out; then store in a upright perennial. H 18–24in (45–60cm),
S. elisabethae. Basal-rosetted perennial. frost-free area. Propagate in spring by Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees, S 12in (30cm). Produces tufts of long,
H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Has rosettes seed or in late spring or summer by stem grown for their flowers. Requires a narrow, cream-striped, grayish-green
of strap-shaped, mid-green leaves. In cuttings or by dividing tubers into sections, sheltered position in sun or partial shade leaves. Slender spikes of trumpet-shaped,
summer, stems bear large, often solitary, each with a young shoot. and fertile, rich, moist, acid soil. Propagate purple-striped, straw-yellow flowers are
deep rose-red flowers with green centers S. barbata. Bushy, tuberous perennial by softwood cuttings in summer. borne in summer. ‘Variegatum’. See S.
and long-clawed petals. Is suitable for a with square, red stems. H and S 2ft (60cm) S. rehderiana. Deciduous, bushy shrub striatum ‘Aunt May’.
rock garden. Z7–9 H9–7. or more long. Broadly lance-shaped, or spreading tree. H and S 20ft (6m).
S. hookeri. Short-lived, trailing, prostrate, glossy, mid-green leaves, to 6in (15cm) Nodding, saucer-shaped, white flowers, SKIMMIA S
late summer-deciduous perennial with long, are reddish-green beneath. In with yellow anthers, are produced in late
long, slender tap root. H 2in (5cm), S 8in summer has 5-lobed, pouched, white spring and early summer. Oval leaves are RUTACEAE
(20cm). Slender stems bear oval, gray flowers. Z14–15 H12–10. dark green and glossy. Z6–10 H10–6.
leaves and, in late summer, soft pink, S. concinna. Rosetted perennial with Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
salmon or orange flowers, deeply cleft very small tubers. H and S to 6in (15cm). SINOPODOPHYLLUM grown for their spring flowers, their
to base. Z5–8 H8–5. Oval to rounded, scalloped, velvety, red- aromatic foliage and their fruits. Except
S. maritima ‘Flore Pleno’. See S. veined, mid-green leaves, 3/4in (2cm) BERBERIDACEAE with S. japonica subsp. reevesiana, separate
uniflora ‘Robin Whitebreast’. long, are red below. Trumpet-shaped, male and female plants are needed in order
S. pendula (Nodding catchfly). Moderately bicolored, purple and white or yellowish- Genus of one species of spring-flowering, to obtain fruits. Requires shade or partial
fast-growing, bushy annual. H and S 6–8in white flowers, are borne in summer. rhizomatous perennial, grown for its shade and fertile, moist soil. Poor soil or too
(15–20cm). Has oval, hairy, mid-green Z14–15 H12–10. flowers, often marbled foliage and large, much sun may cause chlorosis. Propagate
leaves and, in summer and early fall, S. ‘Etoile du Feu’. Short-stemmed, red fruit. Requires partial shade and rich, by semiripe cuttings in late summer or by
clusters of light pink flowers. rosetted, tuberous perennial. H 12in (30cm), moist soil. Propagate in fall by division
S. schafta, illus. p.346. S 16in (40cm) or more. Has oval, velvety seed in fall. T The fruits may cause mild
S. uniflora ‘Robin Whitebreast’, leaves, 8–91/2in (20–24cm) long. Upright, of the rhizome or by seed. T All parts are
syn.S. maritima ‘Flore Pleno’, S. uniflora trumpet-shaped, carmine-red flowers are stomach upset if ingested.
‘Flore Pleno’, S. vulgaris subsp. maritima produced in summer. Z14–15 H12–10. toxic if eaten. S. anquetilia. Evergreen, bushy, open
‘Flore Pleno’. Lax perennial with deep, S. ‘Mont Blanc’. Short-stemmed, S. hexandrum, syn. Podophyllum emodii, shrub. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6ft (2m). Produces
wandering roots. H and S 8in (20cm). Has rosetted, tuberous perennial. H 12in Podophyllum hexandrum, illus. p.255. small clusters of tiny, yellow flowers, from
lance-shaped, gray-green leaves. Bears (30cm), S 16in (40cm) or more. Oval, mid- to late spring, followed by spherical,
pomponlike, double, white flowers, on velvety, mid-green leaves are 8–91/2in SINOWILSONIA scarlet fruits. Leaves are oblong to oval,
branched stems, in summer. Z3–7 H7–1. (20–24cm) long. In summer has upright, pointed, strongly aromatic and dark green.
S. vulgaris subsp. maritima ‘Flore trumpet-shaped, pure white flowers. HAMAMELIDACEAE Z7–9 H9–7.
Pleno’. See S. uniflora ‘Robin Whitebreast’. Z14–15 H12–10. S. x formannii of gardens. See S. japonica
S. ‘Red Flicker’. Short-stemmed, Genus of one species of deciduous tree, ‘Veitchii’.
SILPHIUM tuberous perennial. H to 12in (30cm), S 18in grown for its foliage and catkins. Requires S. japonica, illus. p.164. ‘Fructo Albo’,
(45cm). Has rosettes of oval, velvety leaves, sun or partial shade and fertile, moist but illus. p.163. subsp. reevesiana ‘Robert
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE to 8in (20cm) long. Fleshy, nodding, funnel- well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall. Fortune’, syn. S. reevesiana, illus. p.164.
shaped, pinkish-red flowers, pouched on S. henryi. Deciduous, spreading, ‘Rubella’, illus. p.164. ‘Veitchii’, syn.
Genus of fairly coarse, summer-flowering lower sides, are borne in summer. Z14–15 sometimes shrubby tree. H and S 25ft (8m). S. x formannii is a vigorous, evergreen,
perennials. Needs sun or partial shade and H12–10. Has oval, toothed, glossy, bright green upright, dense, female shrub. H and S 5ft
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by S. speciosa, syn. Gloxinia speciosa leaves, and long, pendent, green catkins in (1.5m). Broadly oval leaves are rich green.
division in spring or by seed when fresh, (Florists’ gloxinia). Short-stemmed, late spring. Z6–9 H9–6. In mid- and late spring bears dense
in fall. rosetted, tuberous perennial. H and S to 1ft clusters of small, star-shaped, white
S. laciniatum (Compass plant, Pilot plant, (30cm). Oval, velvety, green leaves are Siphonosmanthus delavayi. See flowers, followed by large, spherical,
Polar plant). Clump-forming perennial. 8in (20cm) long. Nodding, funnel-shaped, Osmanthus delavayi. bright red fruits.
H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm). Mid-green leaves, fleshy, violet, red or white flowers, with S. reevesiana. See S. japonica subsp.
divided into opposite pairs of oblong to pouches on lower sides, are produced SISYRINCHIUM reevesiana ‘Robert Fortune’.
lance-shaped leaflets, face north and south in summer. Is a parent of many named
wherever the plant is grown, hence the hybrids, of which a selection is included IRIDACEAE SMILACINA 699
common name. Large clusters of slightly above and below.
pendent, daisylike, yellow flower heads are S. ‘Switzerland’, illus. p.470. Genus of annuals and perennials, some of LILIACEAE/CONVALLARIACEAE
borne in late summer. Z5–9 H9–5. S. ‘Waterloo’. Short-stemmed, rosetted, which are semievergreen. Prefers sun and
tuberous perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 16in well-drained or moist soil. Propagate by Genus of perennials, grown for their
division in early spring or by seed in spring graceful appearance. Prefers partial
or fall. shade and rich, moist, neutral to acid soil.
S. angustifolium. See S. graminoides.
S. bellum of gardens. See S. idahoense.
S. californicum (Golden-eyed grass).
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Propagate by division in spring or by shrubs (occasionally scandent) and S. montana. Evergreen, mound-forming S. x luteus, syn. x Solidaster hybridus, x
seed in fall. woody-stemmed, scrambling or leaf-stalk perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). In Solidaster luteus, illus. p.275. subsp.
S. racemosa, syn. Maianthemum climbers, grown for their flowers and early spring, tall flower stems bear long, alpestris. See S. virgaurea subsp. minuta.
racemosum, illus. p.223. ornamental fruits. Requires full sun and pendent, bell-shaped, lavender-blue S. virgaurea subsp. minuta, syn. S.
fertile, well-drained soil. Water regularly flowers, with fringed mouths. Leaves are virgaurea subsp. alpestris. Mound-
SMILAX but sparingly in winter. Support rounded and leathery. Z4–7 H7–1. forming perennial. H and S 4in (10cm).
scrambling climbers. Thin out and spur S. villosa, illus. p.354. Has small, lance-shaped, green leaves
LILIACEAE/SMILACACEAE back crowded growth of climbers in and, in fall, neat spikes of small, yellow
spring. Propagate by seed in spring or by SOLEIROLIA flower heads. Is suitable for a rock
Genus of deciduous or evergreen, woody- semiripe cuttings in summer. Red spider garden, trough or alpine house. Needs
stemmed or herbaceous, scrambling mite, whitefly and aphids may cause Baby’s tears, Mind-your-own- shade and moist soil. Z5–9 H9–5.
climbers with tubers or rhizomes. Separate business, Mother of thousands
male and female plants are required in problems. T All parts of most species, x Solidaster hybridus. See Solidago
order to obtain fruits. Needs sun or partial URTICACEAE Solidago x luteus.
shade and well-drained soil. Propagate by especially the fruits of S. capsicastrum x Solidaster luteus. See Solidago
division or seed in spring or by semiripe and S. pseudocapsicum, can cause severe Genus of one species of usually evergreen, Solidago x luteus.
cuttings in summer. discomfort if ingested. prostrate perennial that forms a dense
S. china. Deciduous, woody-based, S. betaceum, syn. Cyphomandra carpet of foliage. Tolerates sun or shade, SOLLYA
scrambling climber with straggling, betacea, Cyphomandra crassicaulis, and prefers moist soil. Propagate by
sometimes spiny stems. H to 15ft (5m). illus. p.456. division from spring to mid-summer. Bluebell creeper
Leaves are broadly oval to rounded. S. capsicastrum (False Jerusalem S. soleirolii, syn. Helxine soleirolii, illus.
Umbels of yellow-green flowers are cherry, Winter cherry). Fairly slow- p.283. PITTOSPORACEAE
produced in spring; tiny, red berries growing, evergreen, bushy subshrub,
develop in fall. Z7–10 H10–7. grown as an annual. H and S 1–11/2ft SOLENOSTEMON Genus of evergreen, woody-based, twining
(30–45cm). Has lance-shaped, deep green climbers, grown for their bell-shaped,
SMITHIANTHA leaves. In summer bears small, star- LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE usually blue flowers. Needs sun and well-
shaped, white flowers, followed by egg- drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
GESNERIACEAE shaped, pointed, orange-red or scarlet Genus of evergreen, bushy, subshrubby or by softwood or greenwood cuttings in
fruits, which are at their best in winter. perennials, grown for their colorful summer.
Genus of bushy, erect perennials with Z13–15 H12–10. leaves and flowers. Makes excellent pot S. heterophylla, illus. p.194.
tuberlike rhizomes, grown for their flowers S. crispum ‘Glasnevin’, illus. p.204. plants. Needs shelter, sun or partial shade
and foliage. Needs bright light (but not S. jasminoides. See S. laxum. and fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely SONERILA
direct sun) and rich, well-drained soil. S. laxum, syn. S. jasminoides (Potato vine). in summer, much less at other times.
Reduce watering after flowering and water Semievergreen, woody-stemmed, Pinch out growing shoots of young plants MELASTOMATACEAE
sparingly in winter. Propagate by division scrambling climber. H to 20ft (6m). Oval to to encourage a bushy habit. Propagate
of rhizomes in early spring. lance-shaped leaves may be lobed or have by seed sown under glass in spring or by Genus of evergreen, bushy perennials and
S. cinnabarina. Robust, erect, rhizomatous leaflets at base. Small, 5-petaled, pale gray- softwood cuttings in spring or summer. shrubs, grown for their foliage and flowers.
perennial. H and S to 2ft (60cm). Broadly blue flowers are produced in summer–fall, Mealy bugs and whitefly may cause Prefers a humid atmosphere, partial shade
oval to almost rounded, toothed leaves, to followed by tiny, purple berries. ‘Album’, problems. and peaty soil. Propagate by tip cuttings in
6in (15cm) long, are dark green with dark illus. p.195. S. ‘Chocolate Mint’, illus. p.311. spring.
S. pseudocapsicum (Christmas cherry, S. scutellarioides, syn. Coleus blumei S. margaritacea. Evergreen, bushy,
S red hairs. Bell-shaped, orange-red flowers, Jerusalem cherry, Winter cherry). Fairly var. verschaffeltii, Plectranthus semiprostrate perennial. H and S 8–10in
lined with pale yellow, are produced in slow-growing, evergreen, bushy shrub, scutellarioides. Fast-growing, bushy (20–25cm). Red stems produce oval, dark
summer–fall. Z14–15 H12–10. usually grown as an annual. H and S to 4ft perennial, grown as an annual. H to 18in green leaves, 2–3in (5–8cm) long, reddish
S. ‘Orange King’, illus. p.471. (1.2m). Has oval or lance-shaped, bright (45cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. Leaves are below, silver-patterned above. Has
S. zebrina. Bushy, rhizomatous perennial green leaves. Small, star-shaped, white mixture of colors, including pink, red, racemes of 3-petaled, rose-pink flowers
with velvety-haired stems. H and S to 3ft flowers, in summer, are followed by green or yellow. Flower spikes should in summer. Z15 H12–10. ‘Argentea’ has
(1m). Oval, toothed, hairy leaves, to 7in spherical, scarlet fruits. Has several smaller be removed. Z11 H11–1. ‘Brightness’ more silvery-gray leaves, with green
(18cm) long, are deep green marked with selections. Z11–12 H12–6. ‘Balloon’, illus. has rust-red leaves, edged with green. veins. ‘Hendersonii’ is more compact
reddish-brown. In summer produces p.327. ‘Fancy’, H 1ft (30cm), has scarlet Z13–15 H12–1. ‘Fashion Parade’ has and has white-spotted leaves.
tubular flowers, scarlet above, yellow fruits. Z12–14 H12–1. ‘Joker’ has yellow multicolored, toothed leaves of various
below, spotted red inside and with orange- fruit turning orange and red. Z12–14 H12–1. shapes, from oval and unlobed to deeply SOPHORA
yellow lobes. Z14–15 H12–10. ‘Red Giant’, illus. p.327. ‘Snowfire’, H 1ft lobed. Z11–12 H12–1. ‘Inky Fingers’,
(30cm), has white fruits that later turn red. illus. p.311. Kong Series ‘Kong Kowhai
SMYRNIUM Z12–14 H12–1. Scarlet’, illus. p.310. ‘Scarlet Poncho’,
S. rantonnei. See Lycianthes rantonnetii. H 12in (30cm), has a pendulous habit and LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE S. rantonnetii. See Lycianthes rantonnetii. oval, toothed, bright red leaves. Z11–12
S. seaforthianum, illus. p.463. H12–1. Wizard Series, H 12in (30cm), Genus of deciduous or semievergreen trees
Genus of biennials, grown for their S. wendlandii, illus. p.463. produces oval, toothed leaves in very and shrubs, grown for their habit, foliage
flowers. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained wide range of leaf colors. Z11–12 H12–1. and flowers. Requires full sun and fertile,
soil. Propagate by seed in fall or spring. SOLDANELLA well-drained soil; S. microphylla and S.
S. perfoliatum, illus. p.321. SOLIDAGO tetraptera usually need to be grown against
Snowbell a south- or west-facing wall. Propagate by
SOLANDRA Golden rod seed in fall, semievergreens also by cuttings
PRIMULACEAE in summer.
SOLANACEAE COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE S. davidii, syn. S. viciifolia, illus. p.138.
Genus of evergreen perennials, grown S. japonica (Japanese pagoda tree).
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, for their early spring flowers. Is good for Genus of summer- and fall-flowering Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 70ft
scrambling climbers, grown for their large, rock gardens, troughs and alpine houses. perennials, some species of which are (20m). Dark green leaves are divided into
trumpet-shaped flowers. Needs full light Flower buds are set in fall and may be vigorous, coarse plants that tend to crowd 9–15 oval leaflets. On mature trees, long
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely destroyed by frost if there is no snow out others in borders. Most tolerate sun or clusters of pealike, creamy-white flowers
when in full growth, sparingly in cold cover. Requires partial shade and rich, shade and well-drained soil. Propagate by are produced in late summer and early
weather. Tie to supports. Thin out crowded well-drained, peaty soil. Propagate by division in spring. Occasionally self-seeds. fall. Thrives in hot summers. Z5–9 H9–1.
stems after flowering. Propagate by seed in spring or by division in late S. ‘Goldenmosa’, illus. p.251. ‘Pendula’, H and S 10ft (3m), has long,
semiripe cuttings in summer. summer. Slugs may attack flower buds. S. ‘Golden Wings’. Upright perennial. hanging shoots clothed with dark green
S. grandiflora of gardens. See S. maxima. S. alpina, illus. p.354. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Bears large, leaves. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Violacea’, illus. p.67.
S. maxima, syn. S. grandiflora, illus. p.464. S. minima (Least snowbell). Evergreen, feathery panicles of small, bright yellow S. microphylla, syn. Edwardsia
clump-forming, prostrate perennial. H 1in flower heads in early fall. Has lance- microphylla. Semievergreen, spreading
700 SOLANUM (2.5cm), S 4in (10cm). Has rounded, glossy, shaped, toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves. tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Dark green leaves
mid-green leaves. In early spring produces Z5–9 H9–5. are divided into numerous tiny, oblong
SOLANACEAE solitary, almost stemless, bell-shaped, pale S. ‘Laurin’. Compact perennial. H 24–30in leaflets. Produces clusters of pealike,
lavender-blue or white flowers, with (60–75cm), S 18in (45cm). Has mid-green deep yellow flowers in late spring.
Genus of annuals, perennials (some of fringed mouths. Z4–7 H7–1. leaves. Bears spikes of deep yellow flowers Z8–10 H10–8.
which are evergreen) and evergreen, in late summer. Z5–8 H8–5. S. tetraptera, illus. p.84.
semievergreen or deciduous subshrubs, S. viciifolia. See S. davidii.
Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com SPARGANIUM
x SOPHROLAELIOCATTLEYA S. aria (Whitebeam). Deciduous, H8–1. var. obtusa has heavy trusses S. scopulina of gardens. See S. aucuparia S
spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). of rose-pink fruits. ‘Rosea’. See S. ‘Fastigiata’.
ORCHIDACEAE Oval, toothed leaves are silvery-gray when pseudohupehensis. S. thibetica. Deciduous, conical tree.
young, maturing to dark green above, S. hybrida ‘Gibbsii’. Deciduous, compact H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). Large, broadly
See also ORCHIDS. white-felted beneath. Clusters of small, tree. H to 22ft (7m), S 13ft (4m). Broadly oval, dark green leaves are silvery-white
x S. Hazel Boyd gx ‘Apricot Glow’. See white flowers in late spring are followed by ovate, mid-green leaves, with gray when young and remain so on undersides.
x Cattlianthe Hazel Boyd gx ‘Apricot Glow’. rounded, brown-speckled, deep red fruits. undersides, are more deeply lobed towards Clusters of small, white flowers, in late
x S. Trizac gx ‘Purple Emperor’, syn. Z4–5 H8–6. ‘Chrysophylla’, H 30ft (10m), bases. Produces large clusters of cream spring, are followed by rounded, brown
x S. Trizac gx ‘Purple Emperor’. Evergreen, S 22ft (7m), bears golden-yellow, young flowers in spring, followed by bright red fruits. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘John Mitchell’, syn.
epiphytic orchid for an intermediate leaves. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘Decaisneana’. See fruits. S. ‘Mitchellii’ (illus. p.91) has white flowers
greenhouse. H 4in (10cm). In spring bears S. aria ‘Majestica’.‘Lutescens’ (illus. p.91) S. insignis. Deciduous, spreading tree. in spring and brown fruits in late summer.
crimson-lipped, pinkish-purple flowers, has orange-red fruits. ‘Majestica’, syn. H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). Leaves are S. x thuringiaca. Deciduous, broadly
21/2in (6cm) across, in small heads. Has S. aria ‘Decaisneana’ has larger leaves, divided into usually 9–21 large, oblong, conical, compact tree. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft
oval, rigid leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Needs white-haired when young, and larger glossy, dark green leaflets. Large clusters (8m). Oval, dark green leaves are deeply
good light in summer. Z14–15 H12–10. fruits. Z4–7 H7–1. of small, creamy-white flowers, in late lobed and have 3 pairs of basal leaflets.
S. aucuparia (European mountain ash, spring, are followed by rounded, pink Small, white flowers, in late spring, are
SORBARIA Rowan), illus. p.91. Deciduous, spreading fruits that become white in winter. followed by rounded, bright red fruits.
tree. H 50ft (15m), S 22ft (7m). Leaves are Z8–10 H10–8. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Fastigiata’ has upright
ROSACEAE divided into mid-green leaflets that turn S. intermedia (Swedish whitebeam), illus. branches and a broad, oval, dense crown.
red or yellow in fall. Bears white flowers p.91. Deciduous, broad-headed, dense tree. ‘Scarlet King’ produces bright scarlet-red
Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering in spring and red fruits in fall. Z4–7 H7–1. H and S 40ft (12m). Has broadly oval, fruits in larger trusses and has large leaves
shrubs, grown for their foliage and large ‘Fastigiata’, syn. S. scopulina, H 25ft (8m), deeply lobed, dark green leaves. Clusters bearing up to 6 pairs of leaflets.
panicles of small, white flowers. Prefers sun S 15ft (5m), is a conical tree with upright of small, white flowers, in late spring, are S. vestita, syn. S. cuspidata. Deciduous,
and deep, fertile, moist soil. In winter, cut branches and dark green leaves. ‘Fructu followed by rounded, red fruits. Z5–8 H8–3. broadly conical tree. H to 80ft (25m), S 30ft
out some older stems on mature plants and Luteo’, S 25ft (8m), a spreading tree. S. ‘Joseph Rock’. Deciduous, upright (10m). Has very large, veined, gray-green
prune back remaining shoots to growing Leaves are divided into 13–15 narrowly tree. H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Bright green leaves, white-haired when young. Clusters
points. Remove suckers at base to prevent oval, mid-green leaflets that turn yellow leaves, divided into up to 21 leaflets, turn of pink-stamened, white flowers, in late
Sorbaria spreading too widely. Propagate or red in fall. Bears orange-yellow fruits. orange, red and purple in fall. White spring or early summer, are followed by
by softwood cuttings in summer, by division ‘Rossica’. See S. aucuparia ‘Rossica flowers, in late spring, are followed by rounded, russet or yellowish-red fruits.
in fall or by root cuttings in late winter. Major’.Fruits of ‘Rossica Major’, syn. large clusters of small, yellow berries in Z6–8 H8–6.
S. aitchisonii. See S. tomentosa var. S. aucuparia ‘Rossica’ are large and deep late summer–fall. Z7–8 H8–7. S. vilmorinii, illus. p.91. Deciduous,
angustifolia. red. ‘Sheerwater Seedling’, S 12ft (4m), S. x kewensis, syn. S. pohuashanensis, spreading, arching tree. H and S 15ft (5m).
S. arborea. See S. kirilowii. has a narrow, upright habit. illus. p.91. Deciduous, spreading tree. Leaves divided into 9–14 pairs of dark green
S. kirilowii, syn. S. arborea, Spiraea S. cashmiriana, illus. p.91. Deciduous, H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Dark green leaves leaflets turn to orange- or bronze-red in fall.
arborea. Vigorous, deciduous, arching spreading tree. H 25ft (8m), S 22ft (7m). Has are divided into 11–15 oblong leaflets. Has Has white flowers in late spring and small,
shrub. H and S 20ft (6m). Leaves are divided leaves divided into 6–9 pairs of rich green small, white flowers in late spring, followed rounded, deep pink fruits in fall. Z6–8 H8–6.
into 13–17 lance-shaped, taper-pointed, leaflets. Pink-flushed, white flowers in early by dense clusters of rounded, red fruits. S. ‘Wilfred Fox’. Deciduous tree, upright
deep green leaflets. Nodding panicles of summer are followed by large, white fruits Z6–8 H8–6. when young, later with dense, oval head.
star-shaped, white flowers are produced in fall. Z5–7 H7–5. S. latifolia. Deciduous, spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). Has broadly oval,
in mid- and late summer. Z5–9 H9–5. S. commixta, syn. S. discolor, illus. p.91. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m). Has peeling bark glossy, dark green leaves and small, white
S. sorbifolia, syn. Spiraea sorbifolia, illus. Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree. and broadly oval, sharply lobed, glossy, flowers in late spring, followed by rounded,
p.128. H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Leaves are dark green leaves. Small, white flowers, orange-brown fruits. Z5–7 H7–5.
S. tomentosa var. angustifolia, syn. divided into 6–8 pairs of glossy, deep in late spring, are followed by rounded,
S. aitchisonii, Spiraea aitchisonii. Deciduous, green leaflets that turn orange and red brownish-red fruits. Z6–8 H8–5. SPARAXIS
arching shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Shoots are in fall. White flowers in spring are S. megalocarpa, illus. p.91. Deciduous,
red when young. Leaves are divided into followed by bright red fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. spreading tree with sturdy branches. H to Harlequin flower
11–23 narrowly lance-shaped, taper-pointed, ‘Embley’, H 40ft (12m), S 28ft (9m), has 22ft (7m), S 13ft (4m). Has oval, coarsely
dark green leaflets. Upright panicles of star- steeply ascending branches, bright red toothed, dark green leaves. Corymbs of IRIDACEAE
shaped, white flowers are produced from leaves, divided into 13–17 leaflets, in late pungent, creamy-white flowers in spring
mid- to late summer. Z8–11 H12–8. fall, and fruits profusely. are followed by speckled-brown fruits. Genus of spring- and early summer-
S. cuspidata. See S. vestita. Z6–8 H8–6. flowering corms, grown for their very
SORBUS S. decora. Deciduous, spreading, S. ‘Mitchellii’. See S. thibetica ‘John gaudy flowers. Needs sun and well-drained
sometimes shrubby tree. H 30ft (10m), Mitchell’. soil. Plant in fall. Dry off corms after
ROSACEAE S 25ft (8m). Leaves are divided into oblong, S. pohuashanensis of gardens. See flowering. Propagate by offsets in late
blue-green leaflets. Small, white flowers S. x kewensis. summer or by seed in fall.
Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, in late spring are followed by rounded, S. prattii. Deciduous, spreading tree. S. elegans, syn. Streptanthera cuprea,
grown for their foliage, small, 5-petaled orange-red fruits. Z3–8 H8–1. H and S 20ft (6m). Dark green leaves are Streptanthera elegans. Spring-flowering
flowers, colorful fruits and, in some species, S. discolor of gardens. See S. commixta. divided into 21–9 oblong, sharply toothed corm. H 4–10in (10–25cm), S 3–5in (8–12cm).
fall color. Leaves may be whole or divided S. esserteauana, illus. p.91. Deciduous, leaflets. Produces small, white flowers in Has lance-shaped leaves in erect, basal fan.
into leaflets. Needs sun or partial shade and spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Dark late spring, followed by rounded, white Stem produces loose spike of 1–5 flattish,
fertile, moist but well-drained soil. Species green leaves, divided into broadly oblong fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. orange or white flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm)
with leaves composed of leaflets do not leaflets, redden in fall. Has small, white S. pseudohupehensis, syn. S. hupehensis wide, with yellow center surrounded by
grow well in very dry soil. Propagate by flowers, in late spring, followed by large ‘Rosea’, illus. p.73. purple-black band. Z10–11 H12–10.
softwood cuttings or budding in summer, clusters of rounded, bright red, sometimes S. reducta, illus. p.346. S. fragrans subsp. grandiflora, syn.
by seed in fall or by grafting in winter. Is orange-yellow fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. S. sargentiana (Sargent’s rowan), illus. S. grandiflora. Spring-flowering corm.
S. forrestii, illus. p.91. Deciduous, p.91. Deciduous, sparsely branched, H 6–16in (15–40cm), S 3–5in (8–12cm). Has
susceptible to fireblight. T Raw fruit may spreading tree. H 20ft (6m), S 13ft (4m). spreading tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has sword-shaped leaves in erect, basal fan.
Bluish-green leaves are divided into 15–19 sturdy shoots and large, mid-green leaves, Stem bears loose spike of up to 5 flattish,
cause mild stomach upset if ingested. oval to elliptic, toothed leaflets. Corymbs divided into 7–11 oblong leaflets, that turn yellow-tubed, deep purple flowers, 11/2 –2in
S. alnifolia (Korean mountain ash). of creamy-white flowers, in spring, are brilliant red in fall. Small, white flowers in (4–5cm) across. Z10–11 H12–10.
Deciduous, conical, then spreading tree. followed by small, spherical, fleshy, white late spring are followed by rounded, red S. grandiflora. See S. fragrans subsp.
H 50ft (15m), S 25ft (8m). Oval, toothed, fruits, tinted crimson at bases. Z6–8 H8–6. fruits. Z5–7 H7–5. grandiflora.
bright green leaves turn orange and red in S. hupehensis (Hubei mountain ash). S. scalaris, illus. p.91. Deciduous, S. tricolor, illus. p.418.
fall. Produces small, white flowers in late Deciduous, spreading tree. H 40ft (12m), spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Leaves
spring, followed by egg-shaped, orange- S 25ft (8m). Leaves are divided into 9–17 are divided into 21–33 narrowly oblong, SPARGANIUM 701
red fruits. Z3–6 H8–1. oblong, blue-green leaflets that turn glossy, deep green leaflets and become deep
S. americana (American mountain ash, orange-red in late fall. Small, white flowers, red and purple in fall. Produces small, white Bur reed
Dogberry). Deciduous, round-headed tree. in late spring, are followed by clusters of flowers in late spring, followed by rounded,
H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Light green leaves, rounded, pink-tinged, white fruits. Z3–8 red fruits in large, dense clusters. Z6–8 H8–6. SPARGANIACEAE/TYPHACEAE
divided into 11–17 narrowly oval leaflets,
usually color well in fall. Bears small, white Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
flowers in early summer, followed by perennial, marginal water plants, grown
rounded, bright red fruits, ripening in early for their foliage. Prefers sun or partial
fall. Z3–8 H8–1.
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shade and cold water. Remove faded oval, white spathes, 6in (15cm) long S. japonica ‘Anthony Waterer’, illus. Needs well-drained soil, tolerating
foliage and cut plants back regularly to with central, green line, that surround p.154. ‘Goldflame’, illus. p.156. ‘Little even poor soil. Propagate by division
control growth. Propagate by seed or fragrant, white spadix. Princess’, illus. p.153. in spring.
division in spring. S. nipponica. Deciduous, arching shrub. S. byzantina, syn. S. lanata, S. olympica,
S. erectum, syn. S. ramosum, illus. p.442. SPATHODEA H and S 8ft (2.5m). Bears dense clusters of illus. p.274. ‘Primrose Heron’, illus.
S. minimum. See S. natans. 5-petaled, white flowers in early summer. p.275. ‘Silver Carpet’ is an evergreen,
S. natans, syn. S. minimum. Vigorous, BIGNONIACEAE Sturdy, red shoots bear small, rounded, mat-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm),
deciduous or semievergreen, perennial, dark green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Halward’s S 24in (60cm). Has oval, woolly, gray
marginal water plant. H 1–3ft (30cm–1m), Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their Silver’, H and S 3ft (1m), is slow-growing, leaves. Rarely produces flowers. Makes
S 1ft (30cm). Mid-green leaves are flowers, mainly from fall to spring, and for very dense and flowers profusely. an excellent front-of-border or
grasslike, some erect, some floating. their overall appearance. Container-grown ‘Snowmound’, syn. S. nipponica var. groundcover plant.
In summer has insignificant, brownish- and immature plants seldom bear flowers. tosaensis, illus. p.131. var. tosaensis of S. coccinea. Clump-forming perennial.
green flowers, in the form of burs. Needs full light and fertile, moist but well- gardens. See S. nipponica ‘Snowmound’. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has oval, mid-
Z5–9 H9–1. drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring S. prunifolia. Deciduous, arching shrub. green leaves, with pronounced network of
S. ramosum. See S. erectum. or by semiripe cuttings in summer. H and S 6ft (2m). In mid- and late spring veins. From early to late summer, spikes
S. campanulata, illus. p.453. has clusters of rosettelike, double, white of small, hooded, bright scarlet flowers,
Sparmannia. See Sparrmannia. flowers amid rounded to oblong, bright protruding from purple calyces, arise from
SPHAERALCEA green leaves, coloring to bronze-yellow in leaf axils. Z4–8 H8–1.
SPARRMANNIA fall. Z5–8 H8–5. S. lanata. See S. byzantina.
MALVACEAE S. ‘Snow White’, syn. S. trichocarpa S. macrantha. Clump-forming
SYN. SPARMANNIA ‘Snow White’. Deciduous, arching shrub. perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). Has
Genus of perennials and deciduous H and S 6ft (2m). Leaves are oblong and heart-shaped, crinkled, round-toothed,
TILIACEAE/SPARRMANNIACEAE subshrubs, evergreen in warm climates. mid-green. Dense clusters of 5-petaled, soft green leaves. Whorls of large,
Requires sun and fertile, well-drained soil. white flowers are borne in late spring and hooded, rose-purple flowers are
Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, Propagate by seed or division in spring or early summer. Z5–8 H8–5. produced in summer. Z7–9 H9–7.
grown for their flowers and foliage. Prefers by softwood cuttings in mid-summer. S. sorbifolia. See Sorbaria sorbifolia. ‘Superba’, illus. p.270.
full light and fertile, well-drained soil. S. ambigua, illus. p.246. S. thunbergii. Deciduous or S. officinalis, syn. Betonica officinalis
Water freely when in full growth, S. munroana. Branching, woody- based semievergreen, arching, dense shrub. (Bishop’s wort, Wood betony). Mat-
moderately at other times. Flowered stems perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Solitary, H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Small clusters of forming perennial. H 18–24in (45–60cm),
may be cut back after flowering to promote broadly funnel-shaped, brilliant coral-pink 5-petaled, white flowers are borne from S 12–18in (30–45cm). Produces whorls of
a more compact habit. Propagate by flowers are borne in leaf axils from summer early to mid-spring. Has narrowly oblong, hooded, tubular, purple, pink or white
greenwood cuttings in late spring. until first frosts. Has oval, round-toothed, pale green leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. flowers on sturdy stems, arising, in
S. africana, illus. p.453. hairy, mid-green leaves. Z4–10 H12–8. S. trichocarpa ‘Snow White’. See summer, from mats of oval to oblong,
S. ‘Snow White’. round-toothed, mid-green leaves. Z5–8
SPARTINA Spiloxene capensis. See Hypoxis S. trilobata. Deciduous, arching shrub. H8–4. ‘Hummelo’, illus. p.268. ‘Rosea’
capensis. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). In early summer has flowers of clearer pink.
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE bears 5-petaled, white flowers in clusters S. olympica. See S. byzantina.
SPIRAEA along slender shoots. Has rounded,
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES shallowly lobed, toothed, blue-green leaves. STACHYURUS
and SEDGES. ROSACEAE Z3–7 H7–1.
S. pectinata ‘Aureomarginata’, syn. S. ulmaria. See Filipendula ulmaria. STACHYURACEAE
S. pectinata ‘Aureovariegata’, illus. p.289. Genus of deciduous or semievergreen S. x vanhouttei, illus. p.145.
shrubs, grown for their mass of small S. veitchii. Vigorous, deciduous, upright Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
S ‘Aureovariegata’. See S. pectinata flowers and, in some species, their shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has arching, red their flowers, which are borne before the
‘Aureomarginata’. foliage. Requires sun and fertile, well- branches and oblong, dark green leaves. leaves. Flower spikes, formed in fall, are
drained but not over-dry soil. On species Produces heads of 5-petaled, white flowers harmed by hard frosts. Requires sun or
SPARTIUM and cultivars that flower on the current from early to mid-summer. Z4–7 H7–1. partial shade and fertile, moist but well-
year’s growth—S. x billiardii, S. douglasii drained, not too heavy soil, preferably
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE and S. japonica and its cultivars—cut back SPIRANTHES peaty and acid. Propagate by softwood
young stems and remove very old ones cuttings in summer.
Genus of one species of deciduous, almost in early spring. On species that flower ORCHIDACEAE S. chinensis. Deciduous, spreading, open
leafless shrub, grown for its green shoots on old wood, cut out older shoots in early shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 12ft (4m). Pendent
and showy flowers. Needs sun and not spring, leaving young shoots to flower See also ORCHIDS. spikes of small, bell-shaped, pale yellow
too rich, well-drained soil. To maintain that year. Propagate S. douglasii by S. cernua, illus. p.466. Deciduous, flowers are produced in late winter and
a compact habit, trim in early spring. division from late fall to early spring, terrestrial orchid. H 20in (50cm). Spikes early spring. Leaves are oval and deep
Propagate by seed in fall. other species and cultivars by softwood of delicate, white flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long, green. Z8–9 H9–8.
S. junceum, illus. p.140. cuttings in summer. with pale yellow centers, are produced in S. praecox, illus. p.144. ‘Magpie’ is
S. aitchisonii. See Sorbaria tomentosa var. fall. Has narrowly lance-shaped leaves, a deciduous, spreading, open shrub,
702 SPATHIPHYLLUM angustifolia. 2–5in (5–12cm) long. Requires partial less vigorous than the species. H 5ft
S. arborea. See Sorbaria kirilowii. shade in summer. Z4–8 H8–4. (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has arching, red-purple
ARACEAE S. ‘Arguta’ (Bridal wreath, Foam of May). shoots and oval, tapered, gray-green
Deciduous, arching, dense shrub. H and SPREKELIA leaves, edged with creamy-white. Bell-
Genus of evergreen perennials, with S 8ft (2.5m). Produces clusters of 5-petaled, shaped, pale yellow flowers are borne
rhizomes, grown for their foliage and white flowers from mid- to late spring. AMARYLLIDACEAE in late winter and early spring.
flowers. Prefers a humid atmosphere, Leaves are narrowly oblong and bright Z7–9 H9–7.
partial shade and rich, moist soil. green. Z5–8 H8–5. Genus of one species of bulb, grown for its
Propagate by division in spring or summer. S. aruncus. See Aruncus dioicus. showy, red flowers in spring. Needs an STANHOPEA
S. x billiardii. Deciduous, upright, dense open, sunny site and well-drained soil. Keep
T All parts of the plants may cause mild shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Has oval, finely dry in winter; start into growth by watering ORCHIDACEAE
toothed, dark green leaves and dense in spring. Propagate by offsets in early fall.
stomach upset if ingested, and contact with panicles of 5-petaled, pink flowers in S. formosissima, illus. p.402. See also ORCHIDS.
the sap may irritate skin. summer. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Triumphans’ has S. tigrina. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
S. ‘Clevelandii’. See S. wallisii ‘Clevelandii’. large, broadly conical panicles of bright STACHYS for a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm).
S. floribundum. Evergreen, tufted, short- purplish-pink flowers. Pendent spikes of fragrant, waxy, rich
stemmed perennial. H and S to 1ft (30cm). S. canescens, illus. p.128. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE yellow and maroon flowers, 6in (15cm)
Has clusters of lance-shaped, long-pointed, S. douglasii. Vigorous, deciduous, across, with red-spotted, white lips, are
long-stalked, glossy, dark green leaves, upright shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Dense, Genus of late spring- or summer- produced in summer. Has broadly oval,
to 6in (15cm) long. Intermittently bears narrow panicles of 5-petaled, purplish-pink flowering perennials, shrubs and ribbed leaves, 12in (30cm) long. Is best
narrowly oval, white spathes, to 3in (8cm) flowers are borne from early to mid- subshrubs, some of which are evergreen. grown in a hanging, slatted basket.
long, enclosing green-and-white spadix. summer among oblong, mid-green leaves, Species mentioned below prefer an open, Needs partial shade in summer.
Z14–15 H12–1. with gray-white undersides. Z5–8 H8–5. sunny position; others are woodland Z13–15 H12–10.
S. ‘Mauna Loa’, illus. p.468. Leaves of subsp. menziesii, H 3ft (1m), plants and grow better in partial shade.
S. wallisii, illus. p.468. ‘Clevelandii’, are green on both sides.
syn. S. ‘Clevelandii’ is an evergreen,
tufted perennial. H and S to 2ft (60cm).
Has broadly lance-shaped, semierect,
glossy, mid-green leaves, 1ft (30cm)
or more long. Intermittently bears
Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com STIPA
STAPELIA Propagate by seed in spring or summer. STEPHANANDRA STETSONIA
S. coptonogonus, illus. p.487.
ASCLEPIADACEAE S. crispatus, syn. Echinofossulatus ROSACEAE CACTACEAE
lamellosus. Spherical, perennial cactus.
Genus of clump-forming, perennial H and S 3in (8cm). Green stem has 30–35 ribs. Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering Genus of one species of treelike,
succulents with erect, 4-angled stems. Stem Funnel-shaped, flesh-colored or red flowers, shrubs, grown for their habit, foliage, fall perennial cactus with a sturdy trunk.
edges are often indented and may bear small 1/2–11/4in (1–3cm) across, are produced from color and winter shoots. Needs sun or Nocturnal, funnel-shaped flowers are
leaves that drop after only a few weeks. crown in spring. Has flattened upper radial partial shade and fertile, not too dry soil. 6in (15cm) long. Needs sun and well-
Flowers are often foul-smelling. Requires spines, shorter, more rounded lower ones On established plants, cut out some older drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
sun or partial shade and moderately fertile, and longer, rounded central spines with shoots after flowering. Propagate by or summer.
well-drained, gritty soil. Propagate by seed darker tips. Z12–15 H12–1. softwood cuttings in summer or by division S. coryne. Treelike, perennial cactus.
or stem cuttings in spring or summer. S. lamellosus. See S. obvallatus. in fall. H 25ft (8m), S 12ft (4m). Has short,
S. europaea. See Caralluma europaea. S. obvallatus, syn. S. lamellosus, S. incisa. Deciduous, arching shrub. H 5ft swollen trunk bearing 8- or 9-ribbed,
S. flavirostris. See S. grandiflora. Echinofossulatus pentacanthus, (1.5m), S 10ft (3m). Oval, deeply lobed and blue-green stems. Black spines fade
S. gigantea, illus. p.496. Echinofossulatus violaciflora, illus. p.484. toothed, bright green leaves turn orange- with age to white with black tips.
S. grandiflora, syn. S. flavirostris, illus. yellow in fall and stems become rich brown Funnel-shaped, white flowers are
p.488. STENOCARPUS in winter. Produces crowded panicles of produced at night in summer.
S. variegata. See Orbea variegata. tiny, star-shaped, greenish-white flowers in Z13–15 H12–10.
PROTEACEAE early summer. Z3–8 H8–4. ‘Crispa’, H 2ft
STAPHYLEA (60cm), has wavy-edged and more deeply STEWARTIA S
Genus of evergreen, summer- and fall- lobed leaves.
Bladder nut flowering trees, grown for their flowers S. tanakae, illus. p.132. SYN. STUARTIA
STAPHYLEACEAE and foliage. Needs full light and fertile,
well-drained soil. Water container plants STEPHANOTIS THEACEAE
Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering moderately, less in winter. Pruning is rarely
shrubs and trees, grown for their flowers necessary. Propagate by seed in spring or ASCLEPIADACEAE Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
and bladderlike fruits. Requires sun or by semiripe cuttings in summer. grown for their flowers, fall color and
partial shade and fertile, moist soil. S. sinuatus (Firewheel tree). Slow-growing, Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, usually peeling bark. Needs shelter from
Propagate species by softwood or evergreen, upright tree. H 40ft (12m) or more, twining climbers, grown for their strong winds, a sunny position, but
greenwood cuttings in summer or by seed S 15ft (5m). Has lustrous, deep green leaves, scented, waxy flowers. Needs partial preferably with roots in shade, and fertile,
in fall, selected forms by softwood or 5–10in (12–25cm) long, lance-shaped and shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water moist but well-drained, neutral to acid soil.
greenwood cuttings in summer. entire or with pairs of oblong lobes. Bottle- moderately, less in cold weather. Provide Resents being transplanted. Propagate
S. colchica. Deciduous, upright shrub. shaped, bright scarlet flowers, clustered like stems with support. Shorten over-long by softwood cuttings in summer or by
H and S 11ft (3.5m). Erect panicles of bell- spokes of a wheel, are produced from late or crowded stems in spring. Propagate seed in fall.
shaped, white flowers are borne in late summer to fall. Z11 H12–10. by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings S. malacodendron. Deciduous, spreading
spring and are followed by inflated, in summer. tree or shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m).
greenish-white fruits. Bright green leaves STENOCEREUS S. floribunda, illus. p.460. Roselike, purple-stamened, white flowers,
are divided into 3–5 oval leaflets. Z6–9 H9–6. some-times purple-streaked, are borne in
S. holocarpa ‘Rosea’, illus. p.111. CACTACEAE Sterculia acerifolia. See Brachychiton mid-summer amid oval, dark green leaves.
S. pinnata, illus. p.110. acerifolius. Z7–9 H9–6.
Genus of treelike or shrubby, perennial Sterculia diversifolia. See Brachychiton S. monadelpha, illus. p.76.
Statice suworowii. See Psylliostachys cacti with prominently ribbed stems often populneus. S. pseudocamellia, illus. p.78.
suworowii. densely spined. Needs full sun and very Sterculia x platanifolia. See Firmiana Deciduous, spreading tree. H 70ft (20m),
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in simplex. S 25ft (8m). Has ornamental, peeling
STAUNTONIA spring or by stem cuttings in summer. bark and bears roselike, white flowers
S. marginatus. See Pachycereus STERNBERGIA in mid-summer. Oval, mid-green leaves
LARDIZABALACEAE marginatus. turn orange and red in fall. Z5–8 H8–4.
S. thurberi, syn. Lemaireocereus thurberi. AMARYLLIDACEAE S. sinensis. Deciduous, spreading tree.
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, Columnar, perennial cactus, branching H 40ft (12m), S 22ft (7m). Has peeling bark
twining climbers. Separate male and female from low down. H to 22ft (7m), S 3ft (1m). Genus of spring- or fall-flowering bulbs, and oval, bright green leaves that turn
plants are required in order to obtain fruits. Has 5–6-ribbed, glossy, dark green stems grown for their large, crocuslike flowers. brilliant red in fall. Fragrant, roselike,
Needs sun or partial shade and well-drained with very short-spined areoles set in close Needs full sun and well-drained, heavy white flowers are produced in mid-
soil. Propagate by seed in spring or by stem rows down each rib. Produces funnel- or light soil that dries out in summer, summer. Z5–8 H8–5.
cuttings in summer or fall. shaped, purple or pink flowers, with red when bulbs die down and need warmth
S. hexaphylla, illus. p.192. sepals, in summer. Z14–15 H12–10. and dryness. Leave undisturbed to form STIGMAPHYLLON
clumps. Propagate by division in spring
STENANTHIUM Stenolobium stans. See Tecoma stans. or fall. MALPIGHIACEAE
S. candida, illus. p.415.
LILIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE STENOMESSON S. clusiana. Fall-flowering bulb. H to 3/4in Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
(2cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Strap-shaped, twining climbers, grown for their
Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown AMARYLLIDACEAE semierect, grayish-green, basal leaves, flowers. Needs partial shade and
for their flowers. Needs sun and well- often twisted lengthways, are produced fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely
drained soil. In cool areas, plant in a warm, Genus of bulbs, grown for their long, often after flowering. Stems bear erect, goblet- when in full growth, less in low
sheltered site in light soil that does not dry pendent, tubular flowers. Needs an open, shaped, yellow or greenish-yellow temperatures. Provide stems with
out excessively. Propagate by seed in fall or sunny situation and well-drained soil. flowers, 11/2–3in (4–8cm) long. Z7–10 support. Thin out crowded stems in
by division in spring. Propagate by offsets in fall. H10–7. spring. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
S. gramineum. Summer-flowering bulb. S. miniatum, syn. Urceolina peruviana, S. lutea. Fall-flowering bulb. H 1–6in in summer.
H to 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). Has illus. p.407. (2.5–15cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Strap- S. ciliatum, illus. p.464.
long, narrowly strap-shaped, semierect, S. variegatum, illus. p.407. shaped, semierect, deep green, basal
basal leaves. Stem produces dense, leaves are produced at same time as STIPA 703
branched, often arching spike of fragrant, STENOTAPHRUM funnel-shaped, bright yellow flower,
star-shaped, white or green flowers, 1–21/2in (2.5–6cm) long, on leafless stem. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
1/2–5/8in (1–1.5cm) across. Z7–9 H9–7. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE Z7–9 H9–6.
S. sicula. Fall-flowering bulb. H 1–3in See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
STENOCACTUS See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES (2.5–7cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Narrowly and SEDGES.
and SEDGES. strap-shaped, semierect, deep green, S. arundinacea. See S. lessoniana.
SYN. ECHINOFOSSULOCACTUS S. secundatum (Buffalo grass, St. basal leaves, with central, paler green S. calamagrostis, syn. Achnatherum
CACTACEAE Augustine grass). ‘Variegatum’ is an stripe, are produced at same time as calamagrostis, illus. p.286.
evergreen, spreading, rhizomatous, flowers. Each stem bears funnel-shaped, S. gigantea, illus. p.287.
Genus of spherical, perennial cacti with perennial grass. H 6in (15cm), S indefinite. bright yellow flower, 3/4–11/2in (2–4cm) S. lessoniana, syn. S. arundinacea,
spiny, green stems that have very narrow, Cream-striped, mid-green leaves last well long. Z6–9 H9–6. Anemanthele lessioniana, illus. p.289.
wavy ribs. Needs sun and well-drained soil. into winter. In summer has erect racemes S. tenuissima, illus. p.288.
Water well in growing season, much less of brownish-green spikelets. In warm
when dormant in winter as it may rot off. climates is used for a lawn. Z9–11 H12–9.
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STOKESIA STREPTOCARPUS soft water if possible and do not allow to STYRAX
dry out completely. Propagate by division
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE GESNERIACEAE in spring. STYRACACEAE
S. sanguinea. Strong-growing,
Genus of one species of evergreen, Genus of perennials, some of which are evergreen, creeping perennial. H and S to Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
summer-flowering perennial. Requires sun evergreen, with showy flowers. Needs a 5ft (1.5m). Lance-shaped leaves, to 18in trees and shrubs, grown for their foliage
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained humid atmosphere, bright light away from (45cm) long, are glossy, green above with and flowers. Prefers a sheltered position in
soil. Propagate by division in spring or by direct sunlight and rich, moist soil. Avoid paler midribs, reddish beneath. Bears sun or partial shade and moist, neutral to
seed in fall. wetting leaves when watering; water less panicles of small, 3-petaled, white flowers acid soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings
S. laevis, illus. p.269. ‘Blue Star’ is an during cold periods. Propagate by seed in in axils of showy, bright red bracts, in summer or by seed in fall.
evergreen, basal-rosetted perennial. H and spring, by division after flowering, bushy usually in spring but also in summer–fall. S. japonicus, illus. p.72.
S 12–18in (30–45cm). Bears cornflowerlike, species by tip cuttings in spring or summer, Z13–15 H12–10. S. obassia (Fragrant snowbell).
deep blue flower heads singly at stem tips stemless species by leaf cuttings in spring Deciduous, spreading tree. H 40ft (12m),
in summer. Has narrowly lance-shaped, or summer. STROMBOCACTUS S 22ft (7m). Bears long, spreading clusters
dark green leaves. S. ‘Amanda’, illus. p.473. of fragrant, bell- to funnel-shaped, white
S. caulescens. Erect perennial. H and CACTACEAE flowers in early summer. Has rounded,
STOMATIUM S 18in (45cm) or more. Has small, narrow dark green leaves, blue-gray beneath,
to oval, fleshy, dark green leaves. Stalked Genus of extremely slow-growing, turning yellow in fall. Z6–8 H8–6.
AIZOACEAE clusters of small, tubular, violet-striped, hemispherical to cylindrical, perennial S. officinalis, illus. p.112.
violet or white flowers are produced cacti. Takes 5 years from seed to reach S. wilsonii, illus. p.129.
Genus of mat-forming, perennial in leaf axils intermittently. Z14–15 1/2in (1cm) high. Funnel-shaped flowers
succulents with short stems, each bearing H12–10. are 11/2in (4cm) across. Needs sun and Sulcorebutia arenacea. See Rebutia
4–6 pairs of solid, 3-angled or S. ‘Constant Nymph’. Evergreen, very well-drained soil. Susceptible to arenacea.
semicylindrical leaves, often with toothed stemless, rosetted perennial. H 10in (25cm), over-watering. Propagate by seed in Sulcorebutia rauschii. See Rebutia
edges and incurved tips. Needs sun and S 20in (50cm). Has strap-shaped, wrinkled spring or summer. steinmannii.
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or leaves. Funnel-shaped, purplish-blue S. disciformis, illus. p.481. Sulcorebutia tiraquensis. See Rebutia
stem cuttings in spring or summer. flowers, darker veined and yellow- steinbachii subsp. tiraquensis.
S. agninum. Mat-forming, perennial throated, are intermittently produced STRONGYLODON
succulent. H 2in (5cm), S 3ft (1m) or more. in small clusters. Z13–15 H12–10. SUTERA
Has solid, 3-angled or semicylindrical, soft S. ‘Crystal Ice’, illus. p.465. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
gray-green leaves, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) long, S. kentaniensis. Stemless perennial. SCROPHULARIACEAE
often without teeth. In summer, fragrant, H 10in (25cm), S 8in (20cm). Has loose Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
daisylike, yellow flowers, 3/4–2in (2–5cm) whorls of narrowly lance-shaped, wrinkled, twining climbers, grown for their large, Genus of annuals, evergreen, creeping
across, open in evening. Z13–15 H12–10. semierect, hairy, dark green leaves, with clawlike flowers. Needs partial shade and perennials and evergreen shrubs and
S. patulum. Mat-forming, perennial prominent mid-vein. Clusters of 2–5 small, rich, moist but well-drained soil. Water subshrubs, grown for their showy, but
succulent. H 11/4in (3cm), S 3ft (1m). Has white flowers, with radiating, violet vein freely when in full growth, less at other small, flowers. Is suitable for hanging
semicylindrical, gray-green leaves, pattern, are borne mainly in winter but can times. Provide support. If necessary, thin baskets and containers. Needs full sun
3/4in (2cm) long, with rough dots and 2–9 appear all year long under ideal conditions. crowded stems in spring. Propagate by and fertile, moist but well-drained soil.
teethlike tubercles on upper surface. Bears S. ‘Nicola’, illus. p.469. seed or stem cuttings in summer or by Propagate in spring by seed or division
fragrant, daisylike, pale yellow flowers, S. rexii. Stemless, rosetted perennial. layering in spring. or in spring–summer by stem-tip cuttings.
H to 10in (25cm), S to 20in (50cm). Has S. macrobotrys (Emerald creeper, Jade S. cordata Snowstorm Series GIANT
S 3/4in (2cm) across, in evening in summer. strap-shaped, wrinkled, green leaves. vine). Fast-growing, evergreen, woody- SNOWFLAKE (‘Danova906’), illus. p.298.
Z13–15 H12–10. Stems bear loose clusters of funnel-shaped, stemmed, twining climber. H to 70ft (20m). S. grandiflora. See Jamesbrittenia
pale blue or mauve flowers, with darker Leaves are divided into 3 oval, glossy grandiflora.
Strangweja spicata. See Bellevalia lines, intermittently at any time of year. leaflets. Has clawlike, luminous, blue-green S. ‘Snowflake’. Freely branching, trailing
hyacinthoides. Z13–15 H12–10. flowers in long, pendent spikes in winter– perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm) or
Stranvaesia. See Photinia. S. saxorum, illus. p.310. spring. Z15 H12–10. more. Heart-shaped, hairy leaves are 1/2in
(1cm) wide. Has 5-lobed, white flowers,
STRATIOTES STREPTOSOLEN Stuartia. See Stewartia. 3/4in (2cm) wide, with yellow stamens,
borne towards shoot tips.
HYDROCHARITACEAE SOLANACEAE STYLIDIUM
SUTHERLANDIA
Genus of semievergreen, perennial, Genus of one species of evergreen or STYLIDIACEAE
submerged, free-floating water plants, semievergreen, loosely scrambling shrub, LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
grown for their foliage. Requires sun. grown for its flowers. Requires full sun and Genus of perennials with grasslike leaves,
Grows in any depth of cool water. Thin rich, well-drained soil. Water freely when grown for their unusual flowers that have Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
plants as required. Propagate by separating in full growth, less at other times. After fused, “triggered” stamens adapted for flowers and fruits. Requires full light and
young plants from runners in summer. flowering or in spring, remove flowered pollination by insects. Needs bright light fertile, well-drained soil. Water container
S. aloides, illus. p.435. shoots and tie in new growths. Propagate and fertile soil. Propagate by seed in specimens freely when in full growth,
by softwood or semiripe cuttings in spring. moderately at other times. Remove old,
STRELITZIA summer. S. graminifolium (Trigger plant). twiggy stems at ground level in late winter.
S. jamesonii, illus. p.464. Rosetted perennial. H and S to 6in (15cm) Propagate by seed in spring. Red spider
Bird-of-paradise flower or more. Grasslike, stiff, dark green mite may be troublesome.
STROBILANTHES leaves, with toothed margins, rise from S. frutescens, illus. p.456.
MUSACEAE/STRELITZIACEAE ground level. Bears tiny, pale pinkish-
ACANTHACEAE mauve flowers in narrow spikes, 12in SWAINSONA
Genus of large, evergreen, tufted, clump- (30cm) or more long, in summer. Z13–15
forming, palmlike perennials, grown for Genus of perennials and evergreen H12–10. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
their showy flowers. Grow in bright light subshrubs, grown for their flowers. Needs
shaded from direct sun and fertile, well- partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. STYLOPHORUM Genus of annuals, evergreen perennials,
drained soil. Reduce watering in low Propagate by seed, basal stem cuttings or subshrubs and shrubs, grown for their
temperatures. Propagate by seed or division in spring. PAPAVERACEAE flowers. Needs full light or partial shade
division of suckers in spring. S. atropurpureus, illus. p.250. and rich, well-drained soil. Water freely
S. nicolai. Evergreen, palmlike perennial S. dyerianus, illus. p.311. Genus of spring-flowering perennials with when in growth, moderately at other times.
with a sturdy trunk. H 25ft (8m), S 15ft (5m). large, deeply lobed leaves, nearly all as Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
Has oblong leaves, 5ft (1.5m) or more long, STROMANTHE basal rosettes. Needs partial shade and cuttings in summer.
on very long stalks and intermittently bears rich, moist, peaty soil. Propagate by S. galegifolia (Darling pea, Swan flower).
beaklike, white and pale blue flowers in boat- MARANTACEAE division in spring or by seed in fall. Evergreen, sprawling subshrub. H 2–4ft
shaped, dark purple bracts. Z12–15 H12–10. S. diphyllum. Rosetted perennial. H and (60cm–1.2m), S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Leaves are
S. reginae, illus. p.476. Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials, S to 12in (30cm) or more. Has large, lobed, divided into 11–25 narrowly oval, mid- to
grown mainly for their foliage. Prefers hairy leaves. Bears open cup-shaped, deep green leaflets. Bears pealike, red,
704 Streptanthera cuprea. See Sparaxis high humidity, sun or partial shade and golden-yellow flowers in spring on upright, pink, purple, blue or yellow flowers in late
elegans. fertile, moist but well-drained soil. Use branched stems. Prefers rich, woodland spring and summer. Remove old, flowered
Streptanthera elegans. See Sparaxis conditions. Z5–8 H8–1. shoots in late winter. Z13–15 H12–10.
elegans.
Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com SYRINGA
SYAGRUS SYMPHYTUM glossy, rich green leaves divided into 3, S. ‘Belle de Nancy’. See S. vulgaris ‘Belle S
sometimes 5, oval leaflets, the central one de Nancy’.
Queen palm Comfrey the largest. Z14–15 H12–10. S. ‘Bellicent’. See S. x josiflexa ‘Bellicent’. 705
S. erythrophyllum. Slow-growing, S. ‘Blue Hyacinth’. See S. x hyacinthiflora
PALMAE/ARECACEAE BORAGINACEAE evergreen, root climber with slender, ‘Blue Hyacinth’.
woody stems. H 3ft (1m) or more. Young S. ‘Charles Joly’. See S. vulgaris ‘Charles
Genus of one species of evergreen palm, Genus of vigorous, coarse perennials, most plants have arrowhead-shaped leaves, Joly’.
grown for its majestic appearance. suitable for wild gardens. Prefers sun or flushed purple beneath. Leaves on mature S. x chinensis (Rouen lilac). Deciduous,
Requires full light or partial shade and partial shade and moist soil. Propagate by plants have 3 lobes or leaflets and thicker, arching shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Bears
rich, well-drained soil. Water container division in spring or by seed in fall, named longer stems. Z14–15 H12–10. large, arching panicles of fragrant, tubular,
specimens moderately, less when cultivars by division only. Usually self- S. hoffmannii. Moderately vigorous, single, lilac-purple flowers in late spring.
temperatures are low. Propagate by seed evergreen, woody-stemmed, root climber. Oval leaves are dark green. Z3–8 H8–1.
in spring at not less than 75°F (24°C). Red seeds. T The roots and leaves may cause H 6–10ft (2–3m). Young plants have ‘Alba’ has white flowers.
spider mite may be a nuisance. arrowhead-shaped leaves; mature ones S. ‘Clarke’s Giant’. See S. x hyacinthiflora
S. romanzoffiana, syn. Arecastrum severe discomfort if ingested; contact with have leaves divided into 3 gray-green ‘Clarke’s Giant’.
romanozoffianum (Queen palm). Sturdy, foliage may irritate skin. leaflets, with silvery-white veins. Z14–15 S. ‘Congo’. See S. vulgaris ‘Congo’.
evergreen palm. H to 70ft (20m), S 20–30ft S. caucasicum, illus. p.227. H12–10. S. ‘Cora Brandt’. See S. x hyacinthiflora
(6–10m). Has feather-shaped leaves divided S. ‘Goldsmith’, syn. S. ibericum ‘Jubilee’. S. podophyllum, syn. Nephthytis triphylla, ‘Cora Brandt’.
into lustrous, green leaflets. Mature trees Clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in illus. p.463. ‘Trileaf Wonder’, illus. p.460. S. ‘Decaisne’. See S. vulgaris ‘Decaisne’.
bear clusters of yellow flowers in summer. (30cm). Has ovate, hairy, dark green leaves S. emodi (Himalayan lilac). Vigorous,
Z15 H12–11. with gold and cream markings. Bears pale SYNNOTIA deciduous, upright shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 12ft
blue flowers, tinged cream or pink, in (4m). Bears unpleasantly scented, tubular,
SYCOPSIS spring. Z5–9 H9–5. IRIDACEAE single, very pale lilac flowers, in large,
S. grandiflorum of gardens. See upright panicles, in early summer. Has
HAMAMELIDACEAE S. ibericum. Genus of spring-flowering corms, with large, oval, dark green leaves. Z7–8 H8–7.
S. ‘Hidcote Blue’. Clump-forming fans of lance-shaped leaves, grown for S. ‘Esther Staley’. See S. x hyacinthiflora
Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm). their loose spikes of flowers, each with ‘Esther Staley’.
grown for their foliage and flowers. Needs Is similar to S. ibericum, but has pale blue 6 unequal petals, hooded like a small S. ‘Fountain’. Vigorous, deciduous,
a sheltered position in sun or partial shade flowers. Z4-7. gladiolus. Needs sun and well-drained arching, open shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 15ft
and fertile, not too dry, peaty soil. S. ibericum, syn. S. grandiflorum. Clump- soil. Plant in fall. Dry off after flowering. (5m). Large, nodding panicles of fragrant,
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. forming perennial. H 10in (25cm), S 24in Propagate by seed or offsets in fall. tubular, single, deep pink flowers are
S. sinensis. Evergreen, upright shrub. (60cm). Has lance-shaped, hairy, rich green S. variegata. Spring-flowering corm. produced above large, oval, dark green
H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m). Leaves are oval, leaves. Bears one-sided racemes of tubular, H 4–14in (10–35cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). leaves in early summer. Z7–8 H8–7.
glossy and dark green. Flowers lack petals creamy flowers in spring. Makes good Produces erect leaves in basal fan. Long- S. x hyacinthiflora ‘Blue Hyacinth’, syn.
but have showy, dense clusters of red- groundcover. Z3–9 H9–1. tubed flowers have upright, purple, upper S. ‘Blue Hyacinth’ Deciduous, bushy shrub,
tinged, yellow anthers in late winter or S. ibericum ‘Jubilee’. See S. ‘Goldsmith’. petals and narrower, pale yellowish-purple, upright when young, later spreading.
early spring. Z11 H12–10. S. x uplandicum (Russian comfrey). lower ones curving downwards. Z9–10 H and S 10ft (3m). Bears large, loose
‘Variegatum’, illus. p.227. H10–9. var. metelerkampiae produces panicles of fragrant, single, pale lilac-blue
SYMPHORICARPOS smaller flowers. flowers from mid-spring to early summer.
SYMPLOCOS Has broadly heart-shaped, mid-green
CAPRIFOLIACEAE SYNTHYRIS leaves. Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Clarke’s Giant’, syn.
SYMPLOCACEAE S. ‘Clarke’s Giant’, H and S 15ft (5m), has
Genus of deciduous shrubs, with SCROPHULARIACEAE lavender flowers, mauve-pink within,
inconspicuous, bell-shaped flowers, grown Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees and opening from mauve-pink buds from mid-
mainly for their clusters of showy, long- shrubs, of which only the species described Genus of evergreen or deciduous, spring- to late spring. Has dark green leaves.
persistent fruits. Requires sun or partial below is in general cultivation, being flowering perennials with gently spreading, ‘Cora Brandt’, syn. S. ‘Cora Brandt’
shade and fertile soil. Propagate by grown for its flowers and fruits. Fruits rhizomatous rootstocks. Is useful for rock produces double, white flowers in large
softwood cuttings in summer or by division are most prolific when several plants are gardens and peat beds. Prefers partial open panicles. ‘Esther Staley’, syn.
grown together. Needs full sun and fertile, shade and moist soil. Propagate in late S. ‘Esther Staley’ is vigorous, with broadly
in fall. T The fruits may cause mild moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by spring by seed or division. conical panicles of red buds opening to
seed in fall. S. missurica var. stellata. See S. stellata. lilac-pink flowers.
stomach upset if ingested; contact with S. paniculata (Sapphireberry, Chinese S. reniformis. Evergreen, clump-forming S. ‘Isabella’. See S. x prestoniae ‘Isabella’.
them may irritate skin. lilac), illus. p.142. Deciduous, bushy shrub perennial. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 6in (15cm). S. ‘Jan van Tol’. See S. vulgaris ‘Jan van
S. albus (Snowberry). Z3–7 H7–1. var. or small tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Has oval, Has kidney-shaped to rounded, toothed, Tol’.
laevigatus (illus. p.142) is a vigorous, dark green leaves. Panicles of small, dark green leaves and, in spring, short, S. x josiflexa ‘Bellicent’, syn. S.
deciduous, dense shrub, part upright, part fragrant, star-shaped, white flowers, in late dense racemes of small, bell-shaped, blue ‘Bellicent’. Deciduous, upright, then
arching. H and S 6ft (2m). Pink flowers, in spring and early summer, are followed by flowers. Z7–9 H9–7. arching shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 15ft (5m).
summer, are followed by large, marblelike, small, metallic-blue fruits. Z5–8 H8–4. S. stellata, syn. S. missurica var. stellata, Large panicles of fragrant, tubular, single,
white fruits. Rounded leaves are dark green. illus. p.355. clear pink flowers are borne above oval,
S. x chenaultii ‘Hancock’. Deciduous, Synadenium compactum var. dark green leaves in late spring and early
procumbent, dense shrub. H 3ft (1m), rubrum. See Euphorbia bicompacta SYRINGA summer.
S 10ft (3m). Has oval, bronze leaves var. rubra. S. ‘Katherine Havemeyer’. See
maturing to bright green. White flowers Synadenium grantii ‘Rubrum’ of Lilac S. vulgaris ‘Katherine Havemeyer’.
are produced from early to mid-summer. gardens. See Euphorbia bicompacta S. komarowii subsp. reflexa, illus.
Small, spherical, deep lilac-pink fruits are var. rubra. OLEACEAE p.115. Vigorous, upright shrub. H and
sparsely borne. Makes excellent S 13ft (4m). Sturdy stems bear elliptic–
groundcover. Z4–7 H7–1. SYNGONIUM Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees, oblong, dark green leaves. Rich purple-
S. orbiculatus (Coralberry, Indian grown for their dense panicles of small, pink flowers are borne in slender, nodding
currant). Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. ARACEAE tubular flowers, usually extremely panicles in late spring and early summer.
H and S 6ft (2m). Has white or pink flowers fragrant. Needs sun and deep, fertile, Z6–7 H7–6.
in late summer and early fall, followed by Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, root well-drained, preferably alkaline soil. S. ‘Madame Antoine Buchner’. See
spherical, deep purplish-red fruits. Oval climbers, grown for their ornamental Obtain plants on their own roots, since S. vulgaris ‘Madame Antoine Buchner’.
leaves are dark green. Does best after a hot foliage. Flowers are seldom produced in grafted plants usually sucker freely. S. ‘Madame F. Morel’. See S. vulgaris
summer. Z2–7 H7–1. ‘Foliis Variegatis’, cultivation. Needs partial shade and rich, Remove flower heads from newly planted ‘Madame F. Morel’.
syn. S. orbiculatus ‘Variegatus’, illus. p.160. well-drained soil. Water moderately, less in lilacs, and dead-head for first few years. S. ‘Madame Florent Stepman’. See
‘Variegatus’. See S. orbiculatus ‘Foliis low temperatures. Provide support, ideally Cut out weak shoots in winter and, to S. vulgaris ‘Madame Florent Stepman’.
Variegatis’. with moss poles. Remove young stem tips to maintain shape, prune after flowering. S. ‘Madame Lemoine’. See S. vulgaris
promote branching. Propagate by leaf-bud Straggly, old plants may be cut back hard ‘Madame Lemoine’.
Symphyandra armena. See Campanula in winter, but the next season’s flowers S. ‘Maréchal Foch’. See S. vulgaris
armena. or stem-tip cuttings in summer. T All parts will then be lost. Propagate by softwood
Symphyandra pendula. See Campanula cuttings in summer. Leaf miners, leaf spot
pendula. may cause mild stomach upset if ingested; and lilac blight may be troublesome. See
Symphyandra wanneri. See Campanula contact with the sap may irritate skin. also feature panel p.115.
wanneri. S. auritum, syn. Philodendron auritum,
Philodendron trifoliatum (Five fingers).
Fairly slow-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, root climber. H 3–6ft (1–2m). Has
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S ‘Maréchal Foch’. of single, dark blue flowers that are shaded T glass in mid-spring. Is prone to slugs,
S. ‘Masséna’. See S. vulgaris ‘Masséna’. purple, and mid-green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. snails and botrytis. The African marigolds
706 S. ‘Maud Notcutt’. See S. vulgaris ‘Maud ‘Firmament’ (illus. p.115) bears masses of TABEBUIA are excellent for formal bedding, whereas
Notcutt’. lilac-blue flowers in mid-spring. Z4–8 H8–1. the French, Afro-French and Signet
S. meyeri ‘Palibin’, syn. S. palibianina, ‘Jan van Tol’, syn. S. ‘Jan van Tol’ bears BIGNONIACEAE marigolds are more suitable for the edge
S. velutina, illus. p.115. Slow-growing, long, semipendent panicles of single, of a mixed border. All are good in
deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. H 5–6ft narrow-petaled, pure white flowers. Z4–8 Genus of deciduous or evergreen, mainly containers and provide long-lasting cut
(1.5–2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has small, oval, deep H8–1. ‘Katherine Havemeyer’, syn. S. spring-flowering trees, grown for their
green leaves. Produces dense panicles of ‘Katherine Havemeyer’ (illus. p.115) has flowers and for shade. Requires full light flowers. T Contact with the foliage may
fragrant, tubular, single, lilac-pink flowers in double, lavender-purple, then lavender- and fertile, well-drained but not dry soil.
late spring and early summer. Z4–7 H7–1. pink flowers in dense, conical panicles. Pot-grown plants are unlikely to flower. aggravate skin allergies. Four main
S. ‘Michel Buchner’. See S. vulgaris Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Madame Antoine Buchner’, Pruning, other than shaping while young hybrid groups are grown.
‘Michel Buchner’. syn. S. ‘Madame Antoine Buchner’ bears in fall, is not needed. Propagate by seed
S. microphylla. See S. pubescens subsp. long, narrow panicles of deep purple-red or air-layering in spring or by semiripe African marigolds (African Group)
microphylla. buds, which open to double, pinkish-mauve cuttings in summer. Compact annuals, derived from T. erecta,
S. ‘Monge’. See S. vulgaris ‘Monge’. flowers, fading with age. Z4–8 H8–1. T. chrysotricha, illus. p.452. with angular, hairless stems and pinnate,
S. ‘Mrs. Edward Harding’. See ‘Madame Florent Stepman’, syn. T. donnell-smithii. See Cybistax donnell- sparsely glandular leaves, 2–4in (5–10cm)
S. vulgaris ‘Mrs. Edward Harding’. S. ‘Madame Florent Stepman’, illus. p.113. smithii. long, each with 11–17 narrowly lance-
S. palibianina of gardens. See S. meyeri ‘Madame F. Morel’, syn. S. ‘Madame F. T. pentaphylla of gardens. See T. rosea. shaped, pointed, sharply toothed leaflets,
‘Palibin’. Morel’ produces large panicles of single, T. rosea, syn. T. pentaphylla (Pink trumpet to 2in (5cm) long. Large, densely double,
S. ‘Paul Thirion’. See S. vulgaris ‘Paul light violet-purple flowers that are purple tree). Fast-growing, evergreen, rounded pompon-like, terminal flower heads,
Thirion’. in bud. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Madame Lemoine’, tree, deciduous in cool climates. H and usually to 5in (12cm) across, each with 5–8
S. x persica (Persian lilac), illus. p.115. syn. S. ‘Madame Lemoine’ (illus. p.115) S 50ft (15m) or more. Leaves are divided or more ray-florets and numerous orange
Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. H and bears compact panicles of large, double, into 5 oval leaflets. Produces trumpet- to yellow disc-florets, are produced from
S 6ft (2m). Produces small, dense panicles white flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Maréchal shaped, rose- to lavender-pink or white late spring to fall. S to 18in (45cm).
of fragrant, tubular, purple flowers in late Foch’, syn. S. ‘Maréchal Foch’ has broad, flowers, with yellow throats, in terminal
spring. Leaves are narrow, pointed and open panicles of very large, single, clusters in spring. Z14–15 H12–10. French marigolds (French Group)
dark green. Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Alba’ (illus. p.115) carmine-pink flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. Compact annuals, derived from T. patula,
has white flowers. ‘Masséna’, syn. S. ‘Masséna’ bears loose TACCA with hairless, purple-tinged stems and
S. ‘Président Grévy’. See S. vulgaris panicles of large, deep red-purple flowers. pinnate leaves, to 4in (10cm) long, with
‘Président Grévy’. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Maud Notcutt’, syn. S. ‘Maud TACCACEAE/DIOSCOREACEAE lance-shaped to narrowly lance-shaped,
S. x prestoniae ‘Isabella’, syn. Notcutt’ produces large panicles of single, toothed leaflets, to 11⁄4in (3cm) long.
S. ‘Isabella’. Vigorous, deciduous, upright pure white flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Michel Genus of perennials with rhizomes, Solitary, usually double flower heads,
shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Has large, Buchner’, syn. S. ‘Michel Buchner’ has grown for their curious flowers. Needs a typically to 2in (5cm) across, with few to
nodding panicles of fragrant, tubular, large panicles of double, pink-lilac flowers, fairly humid atmosphere, partial shade and many red-brown, yellow, orange or parti-
single, lilac-purple flowers, almost white with white eyes. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Monge’, syn. peaty soil. Water sparingly during resting colored ray-florets and usually several disc-
within, in early summer, and large, oval, S. ‘Monge’ produces masses of very large, period in winter. Propagate by division or florets, are borne singly or in cyme-like
dark green leaves. single, deep purple-red flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. seed, if available, in spring. inflorescences from late spring to fall.
S. ‘Primrose’. See S. vulgaris ‘Primrose’. ‘Mrs. Edward Harding’, syn. S. ‘Mrs. T. chantrieri (Bat flower, Cat’s whiskers, S to 12in (30cm).
S. pubescens subsp. microphylla, syn. Edward Harding’ has large panicles of Devil flower). Clump-forming, rhizomatous
S. microphylla Deciduous, bushy shrub. double or semidouble, purple-red flowers perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). Narrowly Afro-French marigolds (Afro-French
H and S 6ft (2m). Small panicles of very that fade to pink. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Paul oblong, stalked, arching leaves are 18in Group)
fragrant, tubular, single, pink flowers are Thirion’, syn. S. ‘Paul Thirion’ produces (45cm) or more long. In summer produces Bushy annuals, derived from crosses of
borne in early summer, and often again in double lilac-pink flowers that open from flower umbels with green or purplish T. erecta and T. patula, with angular to
fall, amid oval, mid-green leaves. deep purple-red buds. Z4–8 H8–1. bracts on stems to 24in (60cm) long. rounded stems, branched and sometimes
‘Superba’ (illus. p.115) has rose-pink ‘Président Grévy’, syn. S. ‘Président Individual flowers are nodding, bell- stained purple, and pinnate leaves, 2–5in
flowers. After initial flowering, it blooms Grévy’ bears very large panicles of double, shaped, 6-petaled and green, turning (5–13cm) long, with lance-shaped leaflets,
irregularly until fall. subsp. patula ‘Miss lilac-blue flowers that open from red- purple with long, pendent, maroon to to 2in (5cm) long. Numerous small, single
Kim’ (illus. p.115) bears purple flowers violet buds. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Primrose’, syn. purple threads. Z14–15 H12–10. or double, yellow or orange flower heads,
maturing to bluish-white. S. ‘Primrose’ has small, dense panicles of T. leontopetaloides (East Indian usually 1–21⁄2in (2.5–6cm) across, often
S. reticulata. Deciduous, broadly conical pale yellow flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. arrowroot, South Sea arrowroot). Clump- marked red-brown, are borne singly or
tree or shrub. H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). S. yunnanensis. Deciduous, upright forming, rhizomatous perennial. H and in cyme-like inflorescences from late spring
Large panicles of fragrant, tubular, single, shrub. H 10ft (3m), S to 10ft (3m). In early S 11/2ft (45cm). Long-stalked, green leaves, to fall. S 12–16in (30–40cm).
creamy-white flowers are borne above summer, large, oval, pointed, dark green to 3ft (1m) long, are deeply 3-lobed, each
oval, taper-pointed, bright green leaves leaves set off slender panicles of 4-petaled, lobe also divided. In summer, stems to Signet marigolds (Signet Group)
from early to mid-summer. Z3–8 H8–3. pale pink or white flowers. Z6–7 H7–6. 3ft (1m) long bear flower umbels of 4–12 Upright annuals, derived from T. tenuifolia,
S. ‘Souvenir de Louis Späth’. See purple or brown bracts and 20–40 small, with cylindrical, simple or many-branched
S. vulgaris ‘Andenken an Ludwig Späth’. SYZYGIUM 6-petaled, yellow or purplish-green stems and pinnate leaves, 2–5in (5–13cm)
S. velutina of gardens. See S. meyeri flowers, with long, purple to brown long, with narrowly lance-shaped, toothed
‘Palibin’. MYRTACEAE threads. Rhizomes yield edible starch. leaflets, to 3⁄4in (2cm) long. Many single
S. vulgaris. Z3–8 H8–3. ‘Andenken an Z14–15 H12–10. flower heads, usually to 1in (2.5cm) across,
Ludwig Späth’, syn. S. ‘Souvenir de Louis Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, with yellow or orange florets (few ray-
Späth’ (illus. p.115) is a deciduous, upright, grown for their overall appearance. Tacitus bellus. See Graptopetalum florets and several disc-florets), are borne
then spreading shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Prefers full light and fertile, well-drained bellum. in cyme-like inflorescences from late spring
Long, slender panicles of fragrant, tubular, soil. Water container plants freely when in Tacsonia mollissima. See Passiflora to fall. S to 16in (40cm).
single, deep purplish-red flowers are borne full growth, moderately at other times. mollissima.
profusely above heart-shaped, dark green Is very tolerant of pruning, but is best Tacsonia van-volxemii. See Passiflora T. Antigua Series. Compact African
leaves in late spring. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Belle de grown naturally. Propagate by seed in antioquiensis. marigolds. H to 12in (30cm). Bear orange,
Nancy’, syn. S. ‘Belle de Nancy’ has large, spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. lemon-yellow, golden-yellow or primrose-
dense panicles of double, mauve-pink S. paniculatum, syn. Eugenia australis, TAGETES yellow flower heads from late spring to
flowers opening from purple-red buds. Eugenia paniculata, illus. p.450. early fall. H12–1.
Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Charles Joly’, syn. S. ‘Charles Marigold T. Beaux Series. Afro-French marigolds.
Joly’, H and S 10ft (3m), bears deep purple- H 14in (35cm). Bear double flower heads of
red flowers from mid-spring to early COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE rich golden-yellow, orange with red splash,
summer. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Congo’, syn. or copper-red, from late spring to early fall.
S. ‘Congo’ bears large panicles of single, Genus of annuals that flower continuously H12–1.
deep lilac-purple flowers, purplish-red in throughout summer and until the fall frosts. T. Bonanza Series. French marigolds.
bud, in spring. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Decaisne’, Is useful as bedding plants and for edging. H 12in (30cm). In summer have double
syn. S. ‘Decaisne’ is compact, with masses Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil. flowers in deep orange-mahogany with
Deadhead to ensure a long flowering gold margins, golden orange-mahogany
period. Propagate by seed sown under or orange-yellow-mahogany. H12–1.
T. Boy Series. Compact French marigolds.
H 8–12in (20–30cm). Have divided, mid-
green leaves. Produce double, crested
flower heads in shades of orange, yellow,
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gold, mahogany-red, and yellow with well-drained, not too dry, gritty soil. T. densum subsp. amani, syn. regrow if cut back. The following forms T
mahogany-brown centers from late spring Propagate by seed in fall. Chrysanthemum densum, illus. p.347. are H 20–30ft (6–10m), S 15–25ft (5–8m)
to summer. H12–1. [Orange], illus. p.324. T. okanoganense, syn. T. sediforme, T. haradjanii, syn. Chrysanthemum unless otherwise stated. Z7–8 H8–7.
T. ‘Cinnabar’, illus. p.308. Phemeranthus sediformis. Cushion- or mat- haradjanii. Evergreen, mat-forming, ‘Adpressa’ is a shrubby, female form
T. Disco Series. French marigolds. forming, prostrate perennial. H to 11/2in woody-based perennial with a taproot. with short, broad leaves. ‘Aurea’. See
H 8–10in (20–25cm). Single, weather- (4cm), S to 4in (10cm). Succulent stems H and S 9–15in (23–38cm). Has broadly T. baccata Aurea Group. Aurea Group,
resistant flower heads in range of colors, produce tufts of cylindrical, succulent, lance-shaped, much-divided, silvery-gray syn. T. baccata ‘Aurea’ have golden-
including yellow, golden-yellow with grayish-green leaves. Tiny, cup-shaped, leaves and, in summer, terminal clusters yellow foliage. ‘Dovastoniana’ is
mahogany markings, golden-red and red- white flowers are borne in summer. Is of bright yellow flower heads. Is useful spreading, with weeping branchlets.
orange, are borne from late spring to early excellent for a trough or alpine house. for a rock garden or an alpine house. ‘Dovastonii Aurea’ (illus. p.105) is
fall. H12–1. Z6–8 H8–6. Z7–10 H10–5. similar to T.b. ‘Dovastoniana’, but has
T. erecta (African marigold). Fast- T. sediforme. See T. okanoganense. T. parthenium, syn. Chrysanthemum golden shoots and yellow-margined
growing, upright, bushy annual. H 1–3ft parthenium, Pyrethrum parthenium, illus. leaves. ‘Fastigiata’, illus. p.101.
(30cm–1m), S 1–11/2ft (30–45cm). Has very TAMARINDUS p.300. ‘Aureum’ is a short-lived, bushy ‘Fastigiata Aurea’ is similar to T.b.
deeply divided, aromatic, glossy, deep perennial, grown as an annual. H and ‘Fastigiata’, but has gold-variegated
green leaves. Daisylike, double flower LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE S 8–18in (20–45cm). Has oval, lobed, leaves. ‘Lutea’, illus. p.102.
heads are produced in summer and early aromatic, green-gold leaves and, in ‘Repandens’, H 2ft (60cm), S 15ft (5m),
fall. H12–1. Genus of one species of evergreen tree, summer and early fall, white flower heads. is a spreading form. ‘Semperaurea’,
T. Gem Series. Signet marigolds. H to 9in grown for its edible fruits and overall H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m), has ascending
(23cm). Produce flower heads in lemon- appearance as well as for shade. Needs TANAKAEA branches with dense, golden foliage.
yellow, deep orange, or bright orange with full light and well-drained soil. Propagate T. cuspidata, illus. p.104. ‘Aurescens’ is
darker markings. H12–1. ‘Lemon Gem’ by seed or air-layering in spring. Japanese foam flower a spreading, bushy, dwarf conifer. H 1ft
has lemon-yellow flower heads. T. indica (Tamarind). Slow-growing, (30cm), S 3ft (1m). Is hardier than T. baccata
‘Tangerine Gem’, illus. p.326. evergreen, rounded tree. H and S to 80ft SAXIFRAGACEAE forms. Needlelike, flattened leaves are deep
T. Gold Coins Series, illus. p.320. (25m). Leaves are divided into 10–15 pairs golden-yellow in their first year and mature
T. ‘Honeycomb’. French marigold. H 10in of oblong to elliptic, bright green leaflets. Genus of one species of evergreen, to dark green. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘Capitata’,
(25cm). Produces crested, double, yellow- Produces profuse racemes of asymmetric, spreading perennial, grown for its foliage H 30ft (10m), S 6ft (2m), is upright in habit.
and reddish-orange flower heads. H12–1. 5-petaled, red-veined, pale yellow flowers, and flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Densa’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 20ft
T. Lady Series. African marigolds. in summer, followed by long, brownish and peat beds. Needs partial shade and (6m), is a female form with short, erect
H 16–18in (40–45cm). Produce orange, pods containing edible but acidic pulp. well-drained, peaty, sandy soil. Propagate shoots. Z5–7 H7–5.
primrose-yellow, yellow or golden-yellow Z5–9 H9–5. by runners in spring. T. x media. Dense conifer that is very
flower heads from late spring to early fall. T. radicans. Evergreen, dense, basal- variably shaped. H and S 10–20ft (3–6m).
H12–1. TAMARIX rosetted perennial. H 21/2–3in (6–8cm), S 8in Has needlelike, flattened leaves,
T. Marvel Series. Compact African (20cm). Has narrowly oval to heart-shaped, spreading either side of olive-green
marigolds. H 18in (45cm). Produce densely Tamarisk leathery, mid- to dark green leaves. Bears shoots. Leaves are stiff, broad and widen
double flower heads in gold, orange, yellow, small panicles of tiny, outward-facing, star- abruptly at base. Fruits are similar to
lemon-yellow, or in formula mixture of TAMARICACEAE shaped, white flowers in late spring. Z6–8 those of T. baccata. Z5–7 H7–5.
colors, from late spring to early fall. H12–1. H8–6. ‘Brownii’, H 8ft (2.5m), S 11ft (3.5m), is
T. Mischief Series. French marigolds. Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs a dense, globose form with dark green
H to 12in (30cm) or more. Have single and trees, grown for their foliage, habit and TAPEINOCHILOS foliage. ‘Densiformis’, H 6–10ft (2–3m),
flower heads in mahogany-red, yellow or abundant racemes of small flowers. In mild is dense and rounded, with masses of
golden-yellow, with some bicolors, from areas, is very wind-resistant and thrives in COSTACEAE/ZINGIBERACEAE shoots that have bright green leaves.
late spring to early fall. H12–1. exposed, coastal positions, making excellent ‘Hicksii’, H to 20ft (6m), is columnar and
T. ‘Naughty Marietta’, illus. p.322. hedges. Requires sun and fertile, well- Genus of mostly evergreen perennials, has ascending branches. Male and female
T. patula (French marigold). Fast- drained soil. Restrict growth by cutting back grown for their colorful, leaflike bracts. forms exist. ‘Hillii’, H and S 10ft (3m),
growing, bushy annual. H and S to 1ft in spring; trim hedges at the same time. Needs high humidity, partial shade and is a broadly conical to rounded, dense
(30cm). Has deeply divided, aromatic, deep Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer rich soil. Is not easy to grow successfully bush with glossy, green leaves. ‘Wardii’,
green leaves. Single or carnation-like, or by hardwood cuttings in winter. in pots. Propagate by division in spring. H 6ft (2m), S 20ft (6m), is a flat, globose,
double flower heads, in shades of yellow, T. gallica. Deciduous, spreading shrub Red spider mite may be a problem with female form.
orange, red or mahogany, are borne in or tree. H 12ft (4m), S 20ft (6m). Purple, container-grown plants.
summer and early fall. H12–1. young shoots are clothed with tiny, T. ananassae. Evergreen, tufted TECOMA 707
T. Safari Series ‘Safari Tangerine’. scalelike, blue-gray leaves. Star-shaped, perennial. H to 6ft (2m), S 21/2ft (75cm).
French marigold. H 8–10in (20–25cm). Has pink flowers are borne in slender racemes Non-flowering stems are erect and SYN. TECOMARIA
double, broad-petaled, rich tangerine- in summer. Z6–10 H10–5. unbranched, with narrowly oval, long-
orange flower heads from late spring to T. pentandra. See T. ramosissima. pointed leaves, to 6in (15cm) long. BIGNONIACEAE
early fall. H12–1. T. ramosissima, syn. T. pentandra, Flowering stems are leafless, 3ft (1m) or
T. ‘Vanilla’. African marigold. H to 14in illus., p.114. more long, and, in summer, bear ovoid, Genus of mainly evergreen shrubs and
(35cm). Has creamy-white flower heads dense spikes, 6in (15cm) or more long, trees, grown for their flowers from spring
from late spring to early fall. H12–1. TANACETUM of small, tubular, yellow flowers. Showy, to fall. Prefers full light and moist but well-
T. Voyager Series. Compact African recurved, hard, scarlet bracts enclose drained soil. Water container specimens
marigolds. H 12–14in (30–35cm). Large, COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE and almost hide flowers. Z15 H12–10. moderately, hardly at all in winter. May
yellow or orange flower heads are borne be pruned annually after flowering to
from late spring to early fall. H12–1. Genus of perennials, some of which are TAXODIUM maintain as a shrub. Propagate by seed
T. Zenith Series. Afro-French marigolds. evergreen, often with aromatic foliage, in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
H 12in (30cm). Have flower heads in yellow, grown for their daisylike flower heads. TAXODIACEAE summer. Red spider mite may be
golden-yellow, lemon-yellow, red or Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil. troublesome.
orange, from late spring to early fall. Propagate by division in spring. T. See also CONIFERS. T. australis. See Pandorea pandorana.
H12–1. T. distichum, illus. p.99. T. capensis, syn. Bignonia capensis,
parthenium self-seeds freely. T Contact with Tecomaria capensis (Cape honeysuckle).
Talbotia elegans. See Vellozia elegans. TAXUS Evergreen, scrambling climber, shrublike
the foliage may aggravate skin allergies. when young. H 6–10ft (2–3m). Leaves are
TALINUM T. argenteum, syn. Achillea argentea, Yew divided into 5–9 rounded, toothed, glossy,
illus. p.346. dark green leaflets. Tubular, orange-red
Fameflower T. coccineum, syn. Chrysanthemum TAXACEAE flowers are borne in short spikes mainly in
coccineum, Pyrethrum coccineum, spring–summer. Z12–15 H12–10. ‘Aurea’,
PORTULACACEAE Pyrethrum roseum (Painted daisy, T All parts (but not the seed coating) illus. p.464.
Pyrethrum). Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Brenda’, syn. T. grandiflora. See Campsis grandiflora.
Genus of summer-flowering perennials, Pyrethrum ‘Brenda’ is an erect perennial, are highly toxic if ingested. See also T. ricasoliana. See Podranea ricasoliana.
some of which are evergreen, grown for H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm) or more. Has CONIFERS. T. stans, syn. Bignonia stans, Stenolobium
their flowers and succulent foliage. Is somewhat aromatic, feathery leaves. T. baccata (English yew). Slow-growing stans, illus. p.452.
useful for rock gardens, troughs and alpine Single, magenta-pink flower heads are conifer with a broadly conical, later
houses and as pot plants. Needs sun and borne in late spring and early summer. dome-shaped crown. H 30–50ft (10–15m),
‘Eileen May Robinson’, illus. p.232. S 15–30ft (5–10m). Needlelike, flattened
‘James Kelway’ has deep crimson flower leaves are dark green. Female plants bear
heads aging to pink. cup-shaped, fleshy, bright red fruits; only
the red part, not the seed, is edible. Will
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TECOMANTHE grandiflora ‘Purpurea’, T. grandiflora TETRACENTRON Propagate shrubs and subshrubs by
‘Rubra Group’, illus. p.279. ‘Purpurea’. softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer,
BIGNONIACEAE See T. grandiflora Rubra Group. TETRACENTRACEAE perennials by seed or division in spring.
T. aroanium. Evergreen, procumbent,
Genus of evergreen, twining climbers, TELOPEA Genus of one species of deciduous tree, much-branched subshrub. H 1in (2.5cm),
grown for their flowers. Needs partial grown for its foliage and catkins. Needs S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has white-haired twigs
shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water Waratah sun or partial shade and fertile, well- and oblong to oval, slightly hairy leaves,
freely when in full growth, less at other PROTEACEAE drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall. which are densely hairy below. In summer
times. Provide stems with support. If T. sinense. Deciduous, spreading tree. produces whorls of small, tubular, 2-lipped,
necessary, thin out crowded stems in Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, grown H and S 30ft (10m) or more. Bears oval, finely purple flowers. Is good for a trough. Z7–10
spring. Propagate by seed in spring or mainly for their flower heads. Requires full toothed, dark green leaves and long, slender, H10–7.
by semiripe cuttings in summer. sun or partial shade and rich, moist but yellow catkins in early summer. Z6–8 H8–6. T. fruticans (Shrubby germander, Tree
T. speciosa. Strong-growing, evergreen, well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water germander). Z8–9 H9–8. ‘Azureum’ is
twining climber. H to 30ft (10m) or more. container plants freely when in full growth, TETRADIUM an evergreen, arching shrub. H 6ft (2m),
Has leaves divided into 3 or 5 oval leaflets. moderately at other times. Propagate S 12ft (4m). Has oval, aromatic, gray-green
Bears dense clusters of foxglove-like, by seed in spring or by layering in winter. SYN. EUODIA, EVODIA leaves, white beneath. Bears tubular,
fleshy-textured, green-tinged, cream T. speciosissima, illus. p.137. Bee tree 2-lipped, deep blue flowers, with prominent
flowers in fall. Z14–15 H12–10. T. truncata, illus. p.123. RUTACEAE stamens, in summer. Cut out dead wood in
spring.
Tecomaria capensis. See Tecoma TEMPLETONIA Genus of deciduous trees, grown for T. polium, illus. p.366.
capensis. their foliage, late flowers and fruits.
Tecomaria. See Tecoma. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE Needs full sun and fertile, well-drained THALIA
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
TECOPHILAEA Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for summer, by seed in fall or by root cuttings MARANTACEAE
their flowers. Prefers full light and well- in late winter.
LILIACEAE/TECOPHILAEACEAE drained, alkaline soil. Water container T. daniellii, syn. Euodia hupehensis. Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
specimens moderately, less in winter. Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 50ft water plants, grown for their foliage and
Genus of spring-flowering corms, rare in Propagate by seed in spring or by (15m). Ashlike, dark green leaves, divided flowers. Needs an open, sunny position
cultivation and extinct in the wild, grown semiripe cuttings in summer. into 5–11 oval to oblong leaflets, turn in up to 18in (45cm) depth of water. Some
for their crocus-like, brilliantly colored T. retusa (Cockies’ tongues, Coral bush, yellow in fall. Has small, fragrant, species tolerate cool water. Remove fading
flowers. Because of rarity usually grown Flamebush). Evergreen, erect, irregularly 5-petaled, white flower clusters in early fall, foliage regularly. Propagate in spring by
in a cold greenhouse or cold frame. branched shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 3–5ft followed by beaked, red fruits. Z5–8 H8–5. division or seed.
Requires sun and well-drained soil. Water (1–1.5m). Has oval to elliptic, leathery, T. dealbata. Deciduous, perennial,
in winter and spring. Keep corms dry, bluish-green leaves. Pealike, red flowers, TETRANEMA marginal water plant. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft
but not sunbaked, from early summer sometimes pink or cream, are produced (60cm). Oval, long-stalked, blue-green
to fall, then replant. Propagate in fall by in spring–summer. Z14–15 H12–10. SCROPHULARIACEAE leaves have mealy, white covering. Spikes
seed or offsets. of narrowly tubular, violet flowers are
T. cyanocrocus, illus. p.420. TERMINALIA Genus of shrubby, evergreen perennials, borne in summer. Tolerates cool water.
‘Leichtlinii’. See T. cyanocrocus var. grown for their trumpet-shaped flowers Z6–11 H12–6.
leichtlinii. var. leichtlinii, syn. T. COMBRETACEAE in summer. Needs partial shade and well- T. geniculata. Deciduous, perennial,
drained soil; avoid waterlogging and a marginal water plant. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft
T cyanocrocus ‘Leichtlinii’, illus. p.420. Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, humid atmosphere. Propagate by division (60cm). Has oval, long-stalked, blue-green
Telanthophora grandiflora. See grown for their overall appearance, edible or seed, if available, in spring. leaves and, in summer, spikes of narrowly
Senecio grandifolius. seeds (nuts) and for shade. Requires full T. mexicanum. See T. roseum. tubular, violet flowers. Needs a warm pond.
light and well-drained soil. Water T. roseum, syn. T. mexicanum, illus. p.472. Z8–11 H12–7.
TELEKIA container specimens moderately, scarcely
at all when temperatures are low. TETRAPANAX THALICTRUM
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Propagate by seed in spring.
T. catappa (Indian almond). Evergreen, ARALIACEAE Meadow rue
Genus of summer-flowering perennials, rounded tree. H and S 50ft (15m) or more.
grown for their bold foliage and large Has broadly oval, lustrous, green leaves at Genus of one species of evergreen, summer- RANUNCULACEAE
flower heads. Needs partial shade and stem tips. Small, greenish-white flowers, to fall-flowering shrub, grown for its foliage.
moist soil. Propagate by division in spring in spring, are followed by flattened ovoid, Requires full sun or partial shade and rich, Genus of perennials, grown for their
or by seed in fall. keeled, green to red fruits, each with edible moist but well-drained soil. Water container divided foliage and fluffy flower heads.
T. speciosa, syn. Buphthalmum seed. Z14–15 H12–10. specimens freely, less in winter. Leggy stems Flowers lack petals, but each has
speciosum. Upright, spreading perennial. may be cut back to near ground level in prominent tufts of stamens and 4 or 5
H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 3–4ft (1–1.2m). Mid- TERNSTROEMIA winter. Propagate by suckers or seed in sepals, which rapidly fall. Does well at
green leaves are heart-shaped at base early spring. Severe frosts can cause stems edges of woodland gardens. Tall species
of plant, oval on stems. In late summer, THEACEAE to die back but will regrow in spring and cultivars make excellent foils in
branched stems bear large, daisylike, T. papyrifer, syn. Fatsia papyrifera, illus. borders for perennials with bolder leaves
rich golden-yellow flower heads. Is ideal Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, p.120. and flowers. Requires sun or partial
for a pool side or woodland. Z5–8 H8–5. grown for their overall appearance. shade and well-drained soil; some species
Requires full sun or partial shade and TETRASTIGMA prefer cool, moist conditions. Propagate
708 TELLIMA rich, well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. by seed when fresh, in fall, or by division
Water container specimens copiously VITACEAE in spring.
Fringe cups when in full growth, moderately at other T. angustifolium. See T. lucidum.
times. Propagate by seed when ripe or in Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, T. aquilegiifolium, illus. p.239.
SAXIFRAGACEAE spring or by semiripe cuttings in late tendril climbers, grown for their foliage. ‘Thundercloud’, illus. p.233. ‘White
summer. Needs partial shade and fertile, well- Cloud’ is a clump-forming perennial.
Genus of one species of semievergreen, late T. gymnanthera, syn. T. japonica. drained soil. Water freely while in growth, H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 1ft (30cm). Has finely
spring-flowering perennial. Makes good Evergreen, rounded, dense shrub. H and less in low temperatures. Support stems divided, grayish-green leaves. In summer
groundcover and is ideal for cool, semi- S 6ft (2m). Oval leaves are lustrous, mid- to and cut out crowded stems in spring. produces terminal sprays of fluffy, white
shaded woodland gardens and beneath deep green. In summer, solitary, pendent, Propagate by layering in spring or by flowers. Z5–9 H9–5.
shrubs in sunny borders. Prefers partial 5-petaled, white flowers are borne from semiripe cuttings in summer. T. chelidonii. Clump-forming perennial.
shade and moist but well-drained soil. leaf axils. Pea-sized, berry-like, bright red T. voinierianum, syn. Cissus voinieriana, H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Has finely
Propagate by division in spring or by fruits develop in fall. Z8–10 H10–8. Leaves illus. p.463. divided, mid-green leaves and, in summer,
seed in fall. of ‘Variegata’ are white-bordered with produces panicles of fluffy, 4- or 5-sepaled,
T. grandiflora. Semievergreen, clump- pink tinge. TEUCRIUM mauve flowers. Prefers cool soil that does
forming perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). T. japonica. See T. gymnanthera. not dry out. Z5–9 H9–5.
Has heart-shaped, toothed, hairy, purple- LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE T. delavayi, syn. T. dipterocarpum
tinted, bright green leaves. Bears racemes Testudinaria elephantipes. See (Yunnan meadow rue). Clump-forming
of small, bell-shaped, fringed, cream Dioscorea elephantipes. Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs, perennial. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 2ft (60cm).
flowers, well above foliage, in late spring. subshrubs and perennials, grown for their
Z4–8 H8–1. Rubra Group, syn. T. flowers, foliage (sometimes aromatic) or
habit. Needs full sun and well-drained soil.
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Has divided, mid-green leaves. Bears large white spines. Violet-red flowers, 11/2in THLADIANTHA H 10–12ft (3–4m), S 3ft (1m), is slow- T
panicles of nodding, lilac flowers, with (4cm) across, are produced in spring– growing, dense and conical, with rich
4 or 5 sepals and prominent, yellow summer. Z12–15 H12–10. CUCURBITACEAE green foliage. ‘Little Champion’, H and
stamens, from mid- to late summer. Z4–7 T. setispinus, syn. Ferocactus setispinus, S 20in (50cm) or more, is a globose, dwarf
H7–1. ‘Hewitt’s Double’, illus. p.220. illus. p.495. Genus of herbaceous or deciduous, tendril form, conical when young, with foliage
T. diffusiflorum. Clump-forming climbers, grown for their bell-shaped, turning brown in winter. ‘Lutea Nana’,
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1–2ft (30–60cm). THELYPTERIS yellow flowers and oval to heart-shaped, H 6ft (2m), S 3–6ft (1–2m), is a dwarf form
Has much-divided, mid-green, basal leaves. mid-green leaves. Requires a sheltered with golden-yellow foliage. ‘Rheingold’,
Slender stems produce large sprays of THELYPTERIDACEAE position in full sun and fertile, well-drained H 10–12ft (3–4m), S 6–12ft (2–4m), is slow-
drooping, mauve flowers in summer. soil. Propagate by seed in spring or by growing, with golden-yellow foliage that
Prefers cool, moist soil. Z5–9 H9–5. Genus of deciduous ferns. Prefers sun or division in early spring. becomes bronze in winter. ‘Smaragd’,
T. dipterocarpum of gardens. See semi-shade and moist or very moist soil. T. dubia, illus. p.206. H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm), is
T. delavayi. Remove fading fronds regularly. Propagate slow-growing and conical, with erect
T. ‘Elin’, illus. p.218. by division in spring. THLASPI sprays of bright green leaves. ‘Spiralis’,
T. flavum (Yellow meadow rue). Clump- T. oreopteris. See Oreopteris H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 6–10ft (2–3m), has
forming perennial. H 4–5ft (1.2m–1.5m), limbosperma. CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE foliage in twisted, fernlike sprays.
S 2ft (60cm). Has much-divided, glaucous T. palustris, illus. p.291. ‘Woodwardii’, H 8ft (2.5m), S to 15ft
blue-green leaves. From mid- to late T. phegopteris. See Phegopteris Genus of annuals and perennials, some of (5m), is very slow-growing and globose,
summer produces clusters of fluffy, pale connectilis. which are evergreen, grown for their with mid-green foliage.
yellow flowers on slender stems. Z3–10 flowers. Small plants may flower themselves T. orientalis. See Platycladus orientalis.
H10–9. ‘Illuminator’ is a pale yellow THERMOPSIS to death, so remove buds for 2 years, to T. plicata (Western red cedar). Fast-
cultivar with bright green foliage. encourage a large plant. Is difficult to grow growing, conical conifer that has great,
T. kiusianum. Mat-forming perennial LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE at low altitudes and may require frequent curving branches low down. H 70–100ft
with short runners. H 3in (8cm), S 6in renewal from seed. Is good for screes and (20–30m), S 15–25ft (5–8m), greater if
(15cm). Has small, fernlike, 3-lobed leaves Genus of summer-flowering perennials. troughs. Needs sun and moist but well- lower branches self-layer. Has red-
and, throughout summer, loose clusters Prefers sun and rich, light soil. Propagate drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall. brown bark, scalelike, glossy, dark green
of tiny, purple flowers. Is excellent in a peat by division in spring or by seed in fall. T. alpestre of gardens. See T. alpinum. leaves, which have pineapple aroma
bed, rock garden, trough or alpine house. T. caroliniana. See T. villosa. T. alpinum, syn. T. alpestre (Alpine penny- when crushed, and erect, ovoid, green
Is difficult to grow in hot, dry areas. Prefers T. montana. See T. rhombifolia. cress). Evergreen, mat-forming perennial. cones, ripening to brown. Z6–8 H8–6.
shade and moist, sandy, peaty soil. Z4–8 T. rhombifolia, syn. T. montana, illus. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm). Has small, oval, ‘Atrovirens’ has darker green foliage.
H8–1. p.243. mid-green leaves. Produces racemes of ‘Aurea’ has golden-yellow foliage.
T. lucidum, syn. T. angustifolium. Clump- T. villosa, syn. T. caroliniana. Straggling small, 4-petaled, white flowers in spring. ‘Collyer’s Gold’, H to 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m),
forming perennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 20in perennial. H 3ft (1m) or more, S 2ft (60cm). Z6–9 H9–6. is a dwarf form with yellow, young foliage
(50cm). Has glossy leaves divided into Bears racemes of pealike, yellow flowers in T. bulbosum. Clump-forming, tuberous turning light green. ‘Cuprea’, H 3ft (1m),
numerous leaflets. Sturdy stems bear loose late summer. Glaucous leaves are divided perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). S 21/2–3ft (75cm–1m), is a conical shrub
panicles of fluffy, greenish-yellow flowers into 3 oval leaflets. Z4–8 H9–1. Bears broadly oval, glaucous leaves and, in with copper- to bronze-yellow leaves.
in summer. Z5–9 H9–5. summer, racemes of 4-petaled, dark violet ‘Hillieri’, H and S to 3ft (1m), is a slow-
T. orientale. Spreading perennial with THESPESIA flowers. Is suitable for a rock garden. Z8–10 growing, dense, rounded, dwarf shrub
short runners. H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). H10–8. with mosslike, rich green foliage.
Leaves are fernlike with oval to rounded, MALVACEAE T. cepaeifolium subsp. rotundifolium, ‘Stoneham Gold’ (illus. p.105), H 3–6ft
lobed leaflets. Bears small, saucer-shaped, syn. T. rotundifolium, illus. p.352. (1–2m), S 3ft (1m), is a conical, dwarf
blue-mauve to violet flowers, with yellow Genus of evergreen perennials, shrubs T. macrophyllum. See Pachyphragma form with bright gold foliage. ‘Zebrina’,
stamens and large sepals, in late spring. and trees, grown for their flowers. macrophyllum. H 50ft (15m), has leaves banded with
Z5–9 H9–1. Requires full light and well-drained soil. T. rotundifolium. See T. cepaeifolium yellowish-white.
Water container plants freely when in full subsp. rotundifolium.
THAMNOCALAMUS growth, less at other times. Prune in early THUJOPSIS
spring to maintain as a shrub. Propagate THUJA
POACEAE by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in CUPRESSACEAE
summer. Whitefly and red spider mite may Arborvitae
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES be a nuisance. See also CONIFERS.
and SEDGES. T. populnea (Portia tree). Evergreen tree, CUPRESSACEAE T. dolabrata (Hiba arborvitae). Conical or
T. crassinodus ‘Kew Beauty’, illus. bushy when young, thinning with age. bushy conifer with a mass of stems.
p.286. H 40ft (12m) or more, S 10–20ft (3–6m). T Contact with the foliage may H 30–70ft (10–20m), S 25–30ft (8–10m).
T. falconeri. See Himalayacalamus Leaves are heart-shaped. Intermittently, or Produces heavy, flat sprays of scalelike
falconeri. all year round if warm enough, produces aggravate skin allergies. See also leaves, glossy, bright green above, silvery-
T. murieliae. See Fargesia murieliae. cup-shaped, maroon-eyed, yellow flowers CONIFERS. white beneath. Small, rounded cones are
T. spathaceus of gardens. See Fargesia that age to purple. Grows well by the sea. T. koraiensis (Korean arborvitae). blue-gray. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Variegata’, illus.
murieliae. Z14–15 H12–10. Upright conifer, sometimes sprawling p.104.
and shrubby. H 10–30ft (3–10m), S 10–15ft
THELOCACTUS THEVETIA (3–5m). Scalelike foliage is bright green THUNBERGIA 709
or yellow-green above, glaucous silver
CACTACEAE APOCYNACEAE beneath, and smells of almonds when ACANTHACEAE
Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, crushed. T Contact with the foliage may Genus of annual or mainly evergreen,
cacti with ribbed or tuberculate stems. grown for their flowers from winter to perennial, twining climbers, perennials and
Elongated areoles in crowns produce summer. Is related to Frangipani. Needs full aggravate skin allergies. Z5–7 H7–5. shrubs, grown for their flowers. Needs sun
funnel-shaped flowers. Requires sun and light and well-drained soil. Water container T. occidentalis (American arborvitae, or partial shade and fertile, well-drained
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in specimens moderately, less in winter. Eastern arborvitae, White cedar). Slow- soil. Water freely when in growth, less at
spring or summer. Young stems may be tip-pruned in winter growing conifer with a narrow crown. other times. Requires support. Thin out
T. bicolor, illus. p.484. to promote branching. Propagate by seed H 50ft (15m), S 10–15ft (3–5m). Has crowded stems in early spring. Propagate
T. leucacanthus. Clump-forming, in spring or by semiripe cuttings in orange-brown bark and flat sprays by seed in spring or from softwood or
perennial cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 12in of scalelike, yellowish-green leaves, pale semiripe cuttings in summer.
(30cm). Spherical to columnar, green stem summer. T The seeds are highly toxic or grayish-green beneath, smelling of T. alata, illus. p.207.
has 8–13 tuberculate ribs. Areoles bear apples when crushed. Ovoid cones are T. coccinea. Evergreen, woody-stemmed,
up to 20 short, golden spines and yellow if ingested, and the milky sap that exudes yellow-green, ripening to brown. Z2–7 perennial, twining climber with narrowly
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, in summer. from broken stems may irritate skin and H7–1. ‘Caespitosa’, H 12in (30cm), S 16in oval leaves. H 20ft (6m) or more. Pendent
Z12–15 H12–10. cause severe discomfort if ingested. (40cm), is a cushion-shaped, dwarf racemes of tubular, scarlet flowers are
T. macdowellii, syn. Echinomastus T. neriifolia. See T. peruviana. cultivar. ‘Fastigiata’, H to 50ft (15m), produced in winter–spring. Z14–15 H12–10.
macdowellii. Spherical, perennial cactus. T. peruviana, syn. T. neriifolia (Yellow S to 15ft (5m), is broadly columnar, with T. gibsonii. See T. gregorii.
H and S 6in (15cm). Has tuberculate, oleander). Evergreen, erect tree. H 6–25ft erect, spreading branches and light green T. grandiflora (Blue trumpet vine, Sky
dark green stem densely covered with (2–8m), S 3–10ft (1–3m). Has narrowly leaves. ‘Filiformis’, H 5ft (1.5m), S 5–6ft vine). Evergreen, woody-stemmed,
lance-shaped, rich green leaves and funnel- (1.5–2m), forms a mound with pendent,
shaped, yellow or orange-yellow flowers whiplike shoots. ‘Hetz Midget’, H and
from winter to summer. Z14–15 H12–10. S 20in (50cm), growing only 1in (2.5cm)
each year, is a globose, dwarf form with
blue-green foliage. ‘Holmstrup’,
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perennial, twining climber. H 20–30ft T. serpyllum (Mother of thyme, Serpolet, late summer. Except for T. x euchlora, trees be grown on slabs of bark or sections of
(6–10m). Oval leaves have a few toothlike Wild thyme). Evergreen, mat-forming are usually attacked by aphids, which cover trees. Using soft water, water moderately
lobes. In summer has trumpet-shaped, subshrub. H 10in (25cm), S 18in (45cm). growth and ground beneath with sticky in summer, sparingly at other times; spray
pale to deep violet-blue flowers. Z14–15 Finely hairy, trailing stems bear linear to plants grown on bark or tree sections with
H12–10. elliptic to oval, mid-green leaves. Whorls honeydew. T The nectar of T. ‘Petiolaris’ water several times a week from mid-spring
T. gregorii, syn. T. gibsonii. Evergreen, of two-lipped, purple flowers are borne to mid-fall. Propagate by offsets or division
woody-stemmed, twining climber, usually in summer. Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Annie Hall’, and T. tomentosa may be toxic, especially during spring. See also feature panel p.471.
grown as an annual. H to 10ft (3m). H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm), has pale purple- to bumblebees. T. argentea, illus. p.471. Evergreen, basal-
Triangular to oval leaves have winged pink flowers and light green leaves. T. americana (American linden, rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and S 4–6in
stalks. Glowing orange flowers are borne ‘Elfin’, H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm), produces Basswood). Deciduous, spreading tree. (10–15cm). Very narrow, almost threadlike
in summer. Z13–15 H12–10. emerald-green leaves in dense hummocks; H 80ft (25m), S 40ft (12m). Has large, leaves, covered with white scales, are
T. mysorensis, illus. p.464. occasionally bears purple flowers. rounded, sharply toothed, glossy, dark produced in dense, near-spherical rosettes,
green leaves. Small, yellowish-white with fleshy, bulblike bases. In summer,
T THYMUS TIARELLA flowers are borne in summer. Z2–8 H8–1. small, loose racemes of tubular, red flowers
T. cordata (Littleleaf linden). Deciduous, are produced. Z13–15 H12–1.
710 Thyme Foam flower spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), S 40ft (12m). T. caput-medusae. Evergreen, basal-
In mid-summer has small, glossy, dark rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and S 6in
LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE SAXIFRAGACEAE green leaves and small, yellowish-white (15cm) or more. Linear, channeled, twisted
flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Greenspire’, S25ft and rolled, incurved leaves, covered in gray
Genus of evergreen, mat-forming and Genus of perennials, some of which are (8m), is very vigorous and pyramidal in scales, develop in loose rosettes that have
dome-shaped shrubs, subshrubs and evergreen, that spread by runners. Is habit, even when young. Z4–8 H8–1. hollow, bulblike bases. In summer, spikes
woody-based perennials, grown for suitable as groundcover and for woodland ‘Rancho’, illus. p.75. of tubular, violet-blue flowers are produced
their aromatic leaves. Is useful for gardens. Tolerates deep shade and prefers T. x euchlora (Crimean linden). Deciduous, above foliage. Z13–15 H12–1.
growing on banks and in rock gardens, moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by spreading tree with lower branches that T. cyanea. Evergreen, basal-rosetted,
troughs and paving. Commonly grown division in spring. droop with age. H 70ft (20m), S 30ft (10m). epiphytic perennial. H and S 10in (25cm).
as a culinary herb, it is also suitable for T. cordifolia, illus. p.333. var. collina. Rounded, very glossy, deep green leaves Forms dense rosettes of linear, pointed,
containers. Requires sun and moist but See T. wherryi. turn yellow in fall. Bears small, yellowish- channeled, arching, usually deep green
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in T. wherryi, syn. T. cordifolia var. collina. white flowers, toxic to bees, in summer. Is leaves. In summer, broadly oval, bladelike
spring or by softwood or semiripe Slow-growing, clump-forming perennial. relatively pest-free. Z3–7 H7–1. spikes of pansy-shaped, deep purple-blue
cuttings in summer. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Triangular, T. x europaea, syn. T. x vulgaris (European flowers, emerging from pink or red bracts,
T. azoricus. See T. caespititius. lobed, hairy, pale green, basal leaves are linden). Vigorous, deciduous, spreading are produced among foliage. Z13–15 H12–1.
T. ‘Bressingham’, illus. p.365. stained dark red, with heart-shaped bases. tree. H 120ft (35m), S 50ft (15m). Trunk T. fasciculata (Wild pineapple). Evergreen,
T. caespititius, syn. T. azoricus, T. Bears racemes of tiny, star-shaped, soft develops many burs. Has rounded, dark basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and
cilicicus, illus. p.366. pink or white flowers from late spring to green leaves. Small, yellowish-white S 12in (30cm) or more. Has dense rosettes
T. carnosus. Evergreen, spreading shrub. early summer. Z3–7 H7–1. flowers that are toxic to bees are produced of narrowly triangular, tapering, arching,
H and S 8in (20cm). Has tiny, narrowly oval, in summer. Periodically remove shoots mid-green leaves. In summer, flat spikes of
aromatic leaves. Erect flowering stems bear TIBOUCHINA from burrs at base. Z4–7 H7–1. tubular, purple-blue flowers emerge from
whorls of small, 2-lipped, white flowers in T. henryana. Deciduous, spreading tree. red or reddish-yellow bracts, just above leaf
summer. Needs a sheltered position. Z5–9 MELASTOMATACEAE H and S 30ft (10m). Broadly heart-shaped, tips. Bracts require strong light to develop
H9–5. glossy, bright green leaves, fringed with reddish tones. Z13–15 H12–1.
T. cilicicus. See T. caespititius. Genus of evergreen perennials, subshrubs, long teeth, are often tinged red when T. ionantha (Sky plant). Evergreen, clump-
T. x citriodorus ‘Silver Queen’. shrubs and scandent climbers, grown for young. Has masses of small, creamy-white forming, basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial.
Evergreen, rounded shrub. H to 12in their flowers and leaves. Prefers full flowers in fall. Z6–8 H8–6. H and S 5in (12cm). Linear, incurved,
(30cm), S to 10in (25cm). Has narrowly sun and fertile, well-drained, neutral to T. mongolica (Mongolian linden). arching leaves, covered in gray scales, are
oval-diamond-shaped to lance-shaped, acidic soil. Water container specimens Deciduous, spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), produced in dense rosettes; inner leaves
more or less hairless, aromatic, silvery- freely when in full growth, moderately at S 40ft (12m). Young shoots are red. Heart- turn red at flowering time. Spikes of tubular,
green leaves, with creamy-white markings. other times. Cut back flowered stems, to shaped, coarsely toothed, glossy, dark violet-blue flowers, emerging in summer
In summer produces 2-lipped, pale 2 pairs of buds each, in spring. Tip-prune green leaves turn yellow in fall. Small, from narrow, white bracts, are borne just
lavender-pink flowers in terminal clusters. young plants to promote branching. yellowish-white flowers are borne in above foliage. Z13–15 H12–1.
Z6–9 H9–6. Propagate summer. Z3–7 H7–1. T. lindenii (Blue-flowered torch), illus.
T. herba-barona (Caraway thyme, Herb by greenwood or semiripe cuttings in T. oliveri, illus. p.63. p.471. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, epiphytic
baron). Evergreen subshrub. H in flower late spring or summer. T. ‘Petiolaris’, syn. T. petiolaris, illus. p.64. perennial. H and S 16in (40cm). Linear,
2–4in (5–10cm), S to 8in (20cm). Forms a T. semidecandra of gardens. See T. T. platyphyllos (Large-leaved linden). pointed, channeled, arching, mid-green
loose mat of tiny, caraway-scented, dark urvilleana. Deciduous, spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), leaves, with red-brown lines, form dense
green leaves. In summer, small, lilac flowers T. urvilleana, syn. T. semidecandra, illus. S 70ft (20m). Has rounded, dark green rosettes. In summer produces bladelike
are borne in terminal clusters. Z6–9 H9–6. p.457. leaves and small, dull yellowish-white spikes of widely pansy-shaped, deep blue
T. leucotrichus of gardens. See T. ‘Peter flowers in mid-summer. Z2–6 H6–1. flowers, emerging from sometimes pink-
Davis’. TIGRIDIA ‘Prince’s Street’ is upright, with bright tinted, green bracts, which are borne just
T. micans. See T. caespititius. red shoots in winter. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Rubra’, above leaves. Z13–15 H12–1.
T. ‘Peter Davis’, syn. T. leucotrichus, illus. Peacock flower, Tiger flower illus. p.63. T. recurvata (Ball moss). Evergreen,
p.367. T. tomentosa (European white linden, basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and
T. ‘Porlock’. Evergreen, dome-shaped IRIDACEAE Silver linden). Deciduous, spreading tree. S 4–8in (10–20cm). Has long, loose, stem-
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 8in (20cm). Thin H 80ft (25m), S 70ft (20m). Leaves are large, like rosettes of linear, arching to recurved
stems are covered in small, rounded to Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown rounded, sharply toothed, dark green leaves, densely covered in silvery-gray
oval, very aromatic, glossy, green leaves. for their highly colorful but short-lived above and white beneath. Very fragrant, scales. In summer produces short, dense
In summer produces clusters of small, flowers, rather iris-like in shape, with 3 small, dull white flowers, toxic to bees, spikes of small, tubular, pale blue or pale
2-lipped, pink flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. large, outer petals. Needs sun and well- are borne in late summer. Z6–9 H9–6. green flowers, which appear above leaves.
T. pseudolanuginosus (Woolly thyme). drained soil, with ample water in summer. T. x vulgaris. See T. x europaea. Z13–15 H12–1.
Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 1–2in Plant in spring. Lift in fall; then partially dry T. stricta, illus. p.471. Evergreen, clump-
(2.5–5cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. Has bulbs and store in peat or sand at 46–54°F TILLANDSIA forming, basal-rosetted, epiphytic
dense mats of very hairy stems bearing (8–12°C). Propagate by seed in spring. perennial. H and S 8–12in (20–30cm).
tiny, aromatic, gray leaves. Produces T. pavonia, illus. p.413. Air plant Narrowly triangular, tapering, arching,
2-lipped, pinkish-lilac flowers in leaf mid-green leaves, usually with gray scales,
axils in summer. Z4–9 H9–1. TILIA BROMELIACEAE are produced in dense rosettes. Large,
T. pulegioides ‘Aureus’. Evergreen, tubular, blue flowers emerge from
spreading shrub. H 4in (10cm), S 4–10in Linden Genus of evergreen, epiphytic perennials, drooping, conelike spikes of bright red
(10–25cm). Tiny, rounded to oval, golden- often rosette-forming, some with branching bracts, usually in summer. Z13–15 H12–1.
yellow leaves are very fragrant when TILIACEAE stems and spirally arranged leaves, T. usneoides (Spanish moss). Evergreen,
crushed. Produces terminal clusters of all grown for their flowers or overall pendent, epiphytic perennial. H 3ft (1m)
small, 2-lipped, lilac flowers in summer. Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their appearance. Requires partial shade and a
Cut back in spring. Z4–8 H8–1. small, fragrant, cup-shaped flowers and rooting medium of equal parts rich soil and
stately habit. Flowers attract bees, but are either sphagnum moss or bark or plastic
toxic to them in some cases. Requires sun chips used for orchid culture. May also
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate species by seed in fall,
selected forms and hybrids by grafting in
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or more, S 4–8in (10–20cm). Slender, TOLPIS Toxicodendron succedaneum. See forming perennial. H to 2ft (60cm), S 11/2ft T
branched, drooping stems bear linear, Rhus succedanea. (45cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, fleshy,
incurved leaves, densely covered in silvery- COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Toxicodendron vernicifluum. See Rhus green leaves, 6–12in (15–30cm) long. In
white scales. Inconspicuous, tubular, verniciflua. summer produces clusters of 3-petaled,
greenish-yellow or pale blue flowers, Genus of summer-flowering annuals and lavender-blue flowers, surrounded by
hidden among foliage, are produced in perennials. Needs sun and fertile, well- TRACHELIUM 2 leaflike bracts. ‘Osprey’, syn. T. ‘Osprey’,
summer. Z9–15 H12–1. drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring. illus. p.263. ‘Purple Dome’, syn. T. ‘Purple
T. barbata. Moderately fast-growing, SYN. DIOSPHAERA Dome’, illus. p.269.
TIPUANA upright, branching annual. H 11/2–2ft CAMPANULACEAE T. blossfeldiana. See T. cerinthoides.
(45–60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, T. cerinthoides, syn. T. blossfeldiana.
Tipu tree toothed, mid-green leaves. Daisylike, bright Genus of small perennials, useful for rock Evergreen, creeping perennial. H 2in (5cm),
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE yellow flower heads, 1in (2.5cm) or more gardens and mixed borders. Some are S indefinite. Narrowly oval, fleshy, stem-
wide, with maroon centers, are produced good in alpine houses. Flowers of some clasping leaves, to 4in (10cm) long, are
Genus of one species of evergreen, spring- in summer. H9–1. species are ideal for cutting. Protect under glossy, dark green above, purple with long,
flowering tree, grown for its flowers and cover in winter since they resent damp white hairs below. Intermittently produces
overall appearance when mature and for TOONA conditions. Needs a sunny, sheltered clusters of tiny, pink flowers, with white
shade. In certain conditions, may be position and fertile, very well-drained soil; centers, surrounded by 2 leaflike bracts.
deciduous. Container-grown plants will MELIACEAE T. asperuloides prefers lime-rich soil. Z14–15 H12–10. Leaves of ‘Variegata’
not produce flowers. Requires full light Propagate by seed in early or mid-spring have longitudinal, cream stripes.
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their or by softwood cuttings in spring. T. fluminensis, syn. T. albiflora
by seed in spring. foliage, fall color and flowers. Prefers full T. asperuloides, syn. Diosphaera (Wandering Jew). Evergreen perennial
T. speciosa. See T. tipu. sun and requires fertile, well-drained soil. asperuloides, illus. p.369. with trailing, rooting stems. H 2in (5cm),
T. tipu, syn. T. speciosa (Brazilian Propagate by seed in fall or by root cuttings T. caeruleum, illus. p.313. S to 24in (60cm) or more. Oval, fleshy
rosewood, Pride of Bolivia, Tipu tree). Fast- in winter. leaves, 11/2in (4cm) long, that clasp the
growing, mainly evergreen, bushy tree. T. sinensis, syn. Cedrela sinensis, illus. TRACHELOSPERMUM stem, are glossy and green above,
H 30ft (10m), S 25–30ft (8–10m). Leaves are p.73. sometimes tinged purple below.
divided into 11–25 oval leaflets. Produces APOCYNACEAE Intermittently has clusters of tiny, white
pealike, orange-yellow flowers, 11/4in (3cm) TORENIA flowers enclosed in 2 leaflike bracts.
wide, in spring, followed by short, woody, Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, Z13–15 H12–1. ‘Albovittata’, illus. p.468.
winged, brownish pods in fall–winter. Wishbone flower twining climbers with stems that exude ‘Variegata’ has irregularly striped
Z13–15 H12–10. SCROPHULARIACEAE milky sap when cut. Needs sun or partial creamy-white leaves. Z14–15 H12–1.
shade and well-drained soil. Propagate by T. ‘J.C. Weguelin’. See T. ‘J.C. Weguelin’
TITANOPSIS Genus of annuals and perennials. Is often seed in spring, by layering in summer or Andersoniana Group.
grown as summer bedding. Needs a by semiripe cuttings in late summer or fall. T. navicularis. See Callisia navicularis.
AIZOACEAE partially shaded, sheltered position and T. asiaticum, illus. p.196. T. ‘Osprey’. See T. ‘Osprey’ Andersoniana
fertile, well-drained soil. Pinch out growing T. jasminoides, illus. p.195. Group.
Genus of basal-rosetted, perennial shoots of young plants to encourage a T. pallida ‘Purpurea’, syn. T. pallida
succulents eventually forming small, dense bushy habit. Propagate by seed sown TRACHYCARPUS ‘Purple Heart’, Setcreasea purpurea, illus.
clumps. Produces fleshy, triangular leaves, under glass in early spring. p.310. ‘Purple Heart’. See T. pallida
narrow at stems and expanding to straight T. fournieri (Bluewings, Wishbone PALMAE/ARECACEAE ‘Purpurea’.
tips. Requires sun and well-drained soil. flower). Moderately fast-growing, erect, T. pexata. See T. sillamontana.
Propagate by seed in spring or summer. branching annual. H 12in (30cm), S 8in Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering T. ‘Purple Dome’. See T. ‘Purple Dome’
T. calcarea, illus. p.496. (20cm). Has toothed, light green leaves. palms, grown for their habit, foliage and Andersoniana Group.
T. schwantesii (White jewel plant). Clump- Dark blue-purple flowers, paler and flowers. Prefers a position sheltered from T. purpusii. See T. zebrina ‘Purpusii’.
forming, basal-rosetted, perennial succulent. yellow within, are borne in summer strong, cold winds, especially when young T. sillamontana, syn. T. pexata, T.
H 11/4in (3cm), S 4in (10cm). Has triangular, and early fall. Z12–13 H6–1. and requires full sun and fertile, well- velutina, illus. p.469.
gray-blue leaves, covered with small, T. Moon Series BLUE MOON drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall or T. spathacea, syn. Rhoeo discolor, Rhoeo
wartlike, yellow-brown tubercles. Produces (‘Dantmoon’). Dense, trailing perennial, spring. spathacea (Moses-in-the-cradle, Three-
daisylike, light yellow flowers, 3/4in (2cm) grown as an annual. H 6–8in (15–20cm), T. fortunei, illus. p.80. men-in-a-boat). Evergreen, clump-forming,
wide, in summer–fall. Z13–15 H12–10. S 18in (45cm). Has oval, toothed, dark rosetted perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 10in
green leaves. In summer–fall bears tubular, TRACHYMENE (25cm). Lance-shaped, fleshy leaves, to 12in
TITHONIA flared, 2-tone blue flowers, with dark (30cm) long, are green above, purple below.
throats. Z10–11 H10–1. UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE Bears tiny, white flowers, enclosed in boat-
Mexican sunflower shaped, leaflike bracts, year-round. Z11–12
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE TORREYA Genus of summer-flowering annuals. H12–1. ‘Vittata’ has leaves striped
Needs a sunny, sheltered position and longitudinally with pale yellow.
Genus of annuals. Needs sun and fertile, Nutmeg yew fertile, well-drained soil. Support with T. velutina. See T. sillamontana.
well-drained soil. Provide support and TAXACEAE sticks. Propagate by seed sown under T. zebrina, syn. Zebrina pendula, illus.
deadhead regularly. Propagate by seed sown glass in early spring. p.469. ‘Purpusii’, syn. T. purpusii is a
under glass in late winter or early spring. See also CONIFERS. T. coerulea, syn. Didiscus coeruleus (Blue strong-growing, evergreen, trailing or
T. rotundifolia (Mexican sunflower). T. californica, illus. p.101. lace flower). Moderately fast-growing, mat-forming perennial. H 4in (10cm),
Z10–11 H12–1. ‘Torch’, illus. p.324. upright, branching annual. H 18in (45cm), S indefinite. Has elliptic, purple-tinged,
Tovara virginiana ‘Painter’s S 8in (20cm). Has deeply divided, pale bluish-green leaves and tiny, shallowly cup-
TOLMIEA Palette’. See Persicaria virginiana green leaves. Spherical heads, to 2in (5cm) shaped, pink flowers. ‘Quadricolor’ has
‘Painter’s Palette’. wide, of tiny, blue flowers are produced in leaves striped green, pink, red and white.
SAXIFRAGACEAE summer. Is excellent for cut flowers. H12–6.
TOWNSENDIA TRAPA 711
Genus of one species of perennial that is TRADESCANTIA
sometimes semievergreen and is grown as COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Water chestnut
groundcover. Is suitable for cool woodland COMMELINACEAE TRAPACEAE/LYTHRACEAE
gardens. Needs partial or full shade and Genus of evergreen, short-lived
well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. perennials and biennials, grown for Genus of perennials, some of which are Genus of deciduous, perennial and annual,
Propagate by division in spring or by seed their daisylike flower. Is suitable for evergreen, grown for their flowers or floating water plants, grown for their
in fall. alpine houses as dislikes winter wet. ornamental foliage. Hardy species are useful foliage and flowers. Requires sun.
T. menziesii (Piggyback plant, Thousand Needs sun and moist soil. Propagate in shady gardens. Needs sun or partial Propagate in spring from seed gathered
mothers, Youth-on-age). Mat-forming by seed in fall. shade and fertile, moist to dry soil. Cut back in fall and stored frost-free, in water or
perennial, sometimes semievergreen. T. grandiflora, illus. p.369. trailing species when they become straggly. damp sand.
H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 12in (30cm) or T. parryi. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, Propagate hardy species by division or seed T. natans, illus. p.442.
more. Young plantlets develop where short-lived perennial. H 3–6in (7–15cm), in fall or spring, frost-tender species by tip
ivy-shaped, mid-green leaves join stem. S 2in (5cm). In late spring produces Trichocereus bridgesii. See
Produces spikes of tiny, nodding, tubular daisylike, lavender or violet-blue flower cuttings year-round. T Contact with the Echinopsis lageniformis.
to bell-shaped, green and chocolate-brown heads, with bright yellow centers, above
flowers in spring. Z6–9 H9–6. spoon-shaped leaves. Z4–7 H7–1. foliage may cause skin irritation.
T. albiflora. See T. fluminensis.
T. Andersoniana Group. ‘J.C.
Weguelin’, syn. T. ‘J.C. Weguelin’ Clump-
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Trichocereus candicans. See Echinopsis TRIFOLIUM TRIPTERYGIUM T. hyalina. See T. crocata.
candicans. T. rosea. See T. disticha subsp.
Trichocereus spachianus. See Clover CELASTRACEAE rubrolucens.
Echinopsis spachiana. T. rubrolucens. See T. disticha subsp.
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE Genus of deciduous, twining or scrambling rubrolucens.
TRICHODIADEMA climbers, grown for their foliage and fruits.
Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, Needs sun or partial shade and fertile, well- TROCHOCARPA
AIZOACEAE some of which are semievergreen, grown drained soil. Water freely while in growth,
for their rounded, usually 3-lobed leaves less in low temperatures. Provide stems EPACRIDACEAE
Genus of bushy, perennial succulents and heads of pealike flowers. Some species with support. Thin out crowded stems in
with woody or tuberous roots and are useful in rock gardens or on banks, winter or early spring. Propagate by seed Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
cylindrical to semicylindrical leaves. others in agriculture. Many are invasive. when ripe or in spring or by semiripe nodding flower spikes. Requires sun and
Needs sun and well-drained soil. Needs sun and well-drained soil. Propagate cuttings in summer. moist but well-drained, peaty, sandy soil.
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in by division in spring or by seed in fall. Self- T. regelii. Deciduous, thin-stemmed, Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
spring or summer. seeds readily. twining or scrambling climber. H 30ft T. thymifolia. Slow-growing, evergreen,
T. densum. Tufted, perennial succulent. T. repens ‘Purpurascens’, illus. p.375. (10m). Leaves are oval and usually rich erect shrub. H 12in (30cm), S to 8in (20cm).
H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Cylindrical, green. In late summer produces clusters, Stems are covered in minute, thyme-like
pale green leaves, 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) long, TRILLIUM 8–10in (20–25cm) long, of small, off-white leaves. Produces spikes, 11/2in (4cm) long,
are tipped with clusters of white bristles. flowers, followed by winged, green fruits. of tiny, bell-shaped, pink flowers in
Roots and prostrate, green stem are Trinity flower, Wakerobin, Wood lily Z5–8 H8–5. summer–fall. Is suitable for an alpine
both fleshy and form caudex. Stem tip house. Z4–7 H7–1.
bears daisylike, cerise-pink flower LILIACEAE/TRILLIACEAE Tristania conferta. See Lophostemon
heads, 11/4in (3cm) across, in summer. confertus. TROCHODENDRON
Z13–15 H12–1. Genus of rhizomatous perennials with
T. mirabile, illus. p.481. petals, sepals and leaves that are all borne TRITELEIA TROCHODENDRACEAE
in whorls of 3. Is excellent for woodland
TRICHOSANTHES gardens, and also shaded borders and LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE Genus of one species of evergreen tree,
rockeries. Prefers partial shade and fertile, grown for its foliage and flowers. Needs
CUCURBITACEAE moist but well-drained, neutral to acidic Genus of late spring- and early summer- shelter from strong, cold winds. Requires
soil. Propagate by division after foliage has flowering corms with wiry stems carrying sun or partial shade and moist but well-
Genus of annual and evergreen, perennial, died down in summer or by seed in fall. Allium-like umbels of funnel-shaped drained soil; dislikes very dry or very
tendril climbers, grown for their fruits and T. cernuum (Nodding trillium). Clump- flowers. Long, narrow leaves usually die shallow, chalky soil. Propagate by semiripe
overall appearance. Needs full sun or forming perennial. H 12–18in (30–45cm), away by flowering time. Needs an open cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.
partial shade and rich soil. Water freely S 12in (30cm). Has nodding, maroon- but sheltered, sunny situation and well- T. aralioides, illus. p.79.
in growing season, less in cool weather. centered, white flowers borne in spring drained soil that dries out to some extent in
Provide support. Propagate by seed in beneath luxuriant, 3-parted, mid-green summer. Dies down in mid- to late summer TROLLIUS
spring at not less than 70°F (21°C). leaves. Z3–7 H8–1. until spring; plant during dormancy in
T. anguina. See T. cucumerina var. anguina. T. chloropetalum, illus. p.255. early fall. Propagate by seed or offsets Globeflower
T. cucumerina var. anguina, syn. T. T. erectum, illus. p.260. in fall.
anguina (Serpent cucumber, Snake gourd). T. grandiflorum, illus. p.255. ‘Flore T. hyacinthina, syn. Brodiaea hyacinthina, RANUNCULACEAE
Pleno’ is a clump-forming perennial. Brodiaea lactea, illus. p.408.
T Erect to spreading, annual, tendril climber. H 15in (38cm), S 12in (30cm). Large, T. ixioides, syn. Brodiaea ixioides, Genus of spring- or summer-flowering
H 10–15ft (3–5m). Has broadly oval to solitary, double, pure white flowers, Brodiaea lutea (Pretty face). Early summer- perennials that thrive beside ponds and
almost triangular, sometimes shallowly borne in spring, turn pink with age. Has flowering corm. H to 20in (50cm), S 3–4in streams. Prefers sun or partial shade and
3- to 5-lobed, mid- to pale green leaves. In large, broadly oval, dark green leaves. (8–10cm). Bears semierect, basal leaves. moist soil. Propagate by division in early
summer produces 5-petaled, white flowers, T. nivale (Dwarf white wood lily, Stem bears loose umbel, to 5in (12cm) fall or by seed in summer or fall.
with heavily fringed petals; females are Snow trillium). Early spring-flowering, across, of yellow flowers; petals have T. x cultorum ‘Alabaster’, illus. p.436.
solitary, the males in racemes. Cylindrical, rhizomatous perennial. H 3in (7cm), purple-stripe. Z7–13 H12–7. ‘Starlight’, ‘Earliest of All’ is a clump-forming
green-and-white striped fruit, often twisted S 4in (10cm). Whorls of 3 oval leaves are illus. p.407. perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
or coiled, ripens to dull orange. Z14–15 produced at same time as outward-facing, T. laxa, syn. Brodiaea laxa, illus. p.411. Solitary, globular, butter-yellow flowers
H12–10. slightly nodding, white flowers, with 3 ‘Koningin Fabiola’, syn. Brodiaea laxa are borne in spring, above rounded, deeply
narrowly oval petals. Thrives in a trough ‘Queen Fabiola’, illus. p.411. divided, mid-green leaves. ‘Goldquelle’
Trichosma suavis. See Eria coronaria. or alpine house. Is difficult to grow. Z5–8 T. peduncularis, syn. Brodiaea has large, rich orange flowers. ‘Orange
Tricuspidaria lanceolata. See H8–5. peduncularis. Early summer-flowering Princess’, H 30in (75cm), bears orange-
Crinodendron hookerianum. T. ovatum, illus. p.255. corm. H 4–16in (10–40cm), S 4–6in gold flowers.
T. rivale, illus. p.350. (10–15cm). Bears semierect, basal leaves. T. europaeus, illus. p.445. ‘Canary Bird’
712 TRICYRTIS T. sessile, illus. p.260. Stem bears loose umbel, to 14in (35cm) is a clump-forming perennial. H 24in
T. undulatum (Painted trillium, Painted across, of white flowers faintly tinged blue. (60cm), S 18in (45cm). In spring bears
Toad lily wood lily). Clump-forming perennial. Z7–13 H12–7. globular, canary-yellow flowers above
H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). rounded, deeply divided, mid-green leaves.
LILIACEAE/CONVALLARIACEAE Solitary, open funnel-shaped flowers, with TRITONIA T. pumilus, illus. p.358.
red-edged, green sepals and 3 white or T. yunnanensis. Clump-forming
Genus of late summer- and fall-flowering, pink petals with carmine, basal stripe, are IRIDACEAE perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
rhizomatous perennials. Needs partial borne in spring, above broadly oval, blue- broadly oval leaves, with 3–5 deep lobes.
shade and rich, moist soil. Propagate green, basal leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. Genus of corms, with sword-shaped, erect Buttercup-like, bright yellow flowers are
by division in spring or by seed in fall. leaves, grown for their spikes of colorful produced in late spring or summer. Z5–8
T. formosana, syn. T. stolonifera, illus. TRIPETALEIA flowers. Needs a sunny, sheltered site H8–5.
p.247. and well-drained soil. Plant corms in fall
T. hirta. Upright, rhizomatous perennial. ERICACEAE (T. disticha subsp. rubrolucens in spring). TROPAEOLUM
H 1–3ft (30cm–1m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). In late Dry off once leaves die back in summer
summer and early fall, clusters of large, Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, (winter for T. disticha subsp. rubrolucens ). TROPAEOLACEAE
open bell-shaped, white-spotted, purple grown for its flowers; is now often included Propagate by seed in fall or by offsets at
flowers are produced from axils of in Elliottia. Needs partial shade and moist, replanting time. Genus of annuals, perennials and
uppermost leaves. Narrowly oval, hairy, peaty, neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by T. crocata, syn. T. hyalina. Spring- herbaceous, twining climbers, grown for
dark green leaves clasp stems. Z4–9 H9–1. softwood cuttings in summer or by seed in flowering corm. H 6–14in (15–35cm), their brightly colored flowers. Most species
var. alba, illus. p.277. fall. S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has erect, basal leaves. prefer sun and well-drained soil. Propagate
T. macrantha. Upright, rhizomatous T. paniculata, syn. Elliottia paniculata. Each wiry stem bears loose spike of up by seed, tubers or basal stem cuttings in
perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). In early fall Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 5ft to 10 widely cup-shaped, orange or pink spring. Aphids and caterpillars of cabbage
has loose sheaves of open bell-shaped, (1.5m). Bears upright panicles of pink- flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) across, with white butterfly and its relatives may cause
deep primrose-yellow flowers, spotted light tinged, white flowers, with 3 (or 4 or 5) transparent margins. Z8–10 H10–8. problems.
chocolate, at tips of arching stems. Small, narrow petals, from mid-summer to early T. disticha subsp. rubrolucens, syn. T. azureum. Herbaceous, leaf-stalk
oval leaves are dark green. Z8–9 H9–8. fall. Lance-shaped, dark green leaves T. rosea, T. rubrolucens, illus. p.409. climber with small tubers. H to 4ft (1.2m).
T. stolonifera. See T. formosana. persist well into fall. Z6–9 H9–6. Leaves have 5 narrow lobes. Small,
trumpet-shaped, short-spurred, purple-
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blue flowers, 5/8–3/4in (1.5–2cm) wide, with leaves, golden-yellow when young, aging mid-green leaves. In summer produces sometimes several to a stem, in white to T
notched petals, are produced in late to green in second year; those along top yellow flowers, sometimes red-spotted yellow, pink, red or almost black, often
summer. Z11 H12–1. are inverted to show silver bands. Has at base of petals, that look like small, with contrasting margins, in late spring. 713
T. canariense. See T. peregrinum. ovoid, light brown cones. ‘Bennett’, single roses. H9–1. H 18–30in (45–75cm).
T. ‘Empress of India’. Fast-growing, H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 6ft (2m), is a compact,
bushy annual. H 12in (23cm), S 18in dwarf form with arching branches and TULBAGHIA Lily-flowered Group (Div.6)—strong
(45cm). Has rounded, purple-green nest-shaped, central depression. stems bear goblet-shaped, single flowers,
leaves. Trumpet-shaped, spurred, ‘Pendula’, syn. T. canadensis f. pendula, LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE to 3in (8cm) across, with reflexed, pointed
semidouble, rich scarlet flowers, 2in H and S 10–15ft (3–5m), has weeping petal tips and sometimes margined,
(5cm) wide, are borne from early summer branches that may be trained to create Genus of clump-forming, mainly “flamed” or flushed with a contrasting
to early fall. Z11 H12–1. a dome; if left to spread at ground level, deciduous, sometimes semievergreen, color, in late spring. H 18–26in (45–65cm).
T. Gleam Series. Fast-growing, semi- H 20in (50cm), S 6–15ft (2–5m). rhizomatous or bulbous perennials.
trailing annuals. H 16in (40cm), S 24in T. caroliniana (Carolina hemlock). Needs full sun and well-drained soil. Fringed Group (Div.7)—flowers are
(60cm). Have rounded, mid-green leaves. Conifer with a conical or ovoid crown. Propagate by division or seed in spring. similar to those in Div.6, but have fringed
From early summer to early fall bear H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 15–25ft (5–8m). T. fragrans. See T. simmleri. petals. H 14–26in (35–65cm).
trumpet-shaped, spurred, semidouble Red-brown shoots produce spirally-set, T. natalensis. Semievergreen, clump-
flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, in single colors or needlelike, flattened, glossy, dark green forming perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 4in Viridiflora Group (Div.8)—has cup- or
in mixture that includes scarlet, yellow and leaves. Bears ovoid, green cones, ripening (10cm). In mid-summer, umbels of almost closed bowl-shaped, single flowers,
orange and pastel shades. Z11 H12–1. to brown. Z3–8 H7–3. delicately fragrant, tubular, yellow- to 3in (8cm) across, sometimes entirely
T. Jewel Series, illus. p.327. T. diversifolia (Northern Japanese centered, white flowers, with spreading green, margined with another color, or
T. majus (Indian cress, Nasturtium). hemlock). Conifer with a broad, dense petal lobes, are produced above fine, white to yellow, red or purple, “flamed”
Fast-growing, bushy annual. H 3–10ft crown. H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 25–40ft grasslike, mid-green foliage. Z7–9 H9–7. or striped green, with contrasting centers,
(1–3m), S 5–15ft (1.5–5m). Has rounded to (8–12m). Has orange shoots and needlelike, T. pulchella. See T. simmleri. borne in late spring. H 16–22in (40–55cm).
kidney-shaped, wavy-margined, pale flattened, glossy, deep green leaves, T. simmleri, syn. T. fragrans, T. pulchella,
green leaves. From summer to fall bears banded with white beneath, that are T. simmieri, illus. p.411. Rembrandt Group (Div.9)—comprises
trumpet-shaped, long-spurred, red, spirally set. Ovoid cones are dark brown. T. violacea, illus. p.280. mostly very old cultivars, similar to Div.6,
orange or yellow flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) Z6–8 H8–6. but has colors “broken” into striped or
wide. Many cultivars often attributed to T. heterophylla (Western hemlock). TULIPA feathered patterns owing to virus. Flowers
T. majus, and with similar characteristics Vigorous, conical conifer with drooping in late spring. H 18–26in (45–65cm).
to the species, are of hybrid origin, and branchlets. H 70–100ft (20–30m), S 25–30ft Tulip
are described in this book under their (8–10m). Gray shoots bear spirally-set, Parrot Group (Div.10)—has cup-shaped,
cultivar names. Z11 H12–1. Alaska needlelike, flattened, dark green leaves, LILIACEAE single, white to pink or violet-blue flowers,
Series, illus. p.323. ‘Hermine with silvery bands beneath. Green cones to 4in (10cm) across, often unevenly striped
Grashoff’, illus. p.307. ripen dark brown. Z6–8 H8–6. Genus of mainly spring-flowering bulbs, with different colors, including green,
T. ‘Peach Melba’. Fast-growing, bushy T. mertensiana. Narrowly conical conifer grown for their bright, upward-facing borne in late spring. Petals are finely and
annual. H to 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). with short, horizontal branches. H 25–50ft flowers. Each bulb produces a few linear to irregularly cut. H 14–26in (35–65cm).
Bears rounded, mid-green leaves. Trumpet- (8–15m), S 10–20ft (3–6m). Red-brown lance-shaped, green or gray-green leaves
shaped, spurred, scarlet-blotched, pale shoots bear needlelike, flattened, glaucous on the stem. Flowers bear 6 usually pointed Double Late Group (peony-flowered)
yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, are blue-green or gray-green leaves, spirally petals (botanically known as perianth (Div.11)—has bowl-shaped, fully double
produced from early summer to early fall. arranged. Cones are cylindrical and yellow- segments) and 6 stamens, singly, unless flowers, to 5in (12cm) across, in white to
Z11 H12–1. green to purple, ripening to dark brown. otherwise stated below. Each plant has a purple, sometimes margined or “flamed”
T. peregrinum, syn. T. canariense Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Glauca’, illus. p.99. spread of up to 8in (20cm). Requires sun in a different color, borne in late spring.
(Canary creeper). Herbaceous, leaf-stalk T. sieboldii (Southern Japanese hemlock). and well-drained soil and appreciates a H 14–24in (35–60cm).
climber, best grown as an annual in cool Broadly conical conifer. H 50ft (15m), summer baking; in cool, wet areas, bulbs
areas. H to 6ft (2m). Gray-green leaves have S 25–30ft (8–10m). Has glossy, buff shoots may be lifted, when the leaves have died Kaufmanniana Group (Div.12)—
5 broad lobes. Small, bright yellow flowers, that bear needlelike, flattened, lustrous, down, and stored in a dry place for comprises T. kauffmanniana and hybrids
the 2 upper petals much larger and fringed, dark green leaves, set spirally. Cones are replanting in fall. Propagate by division and has bowl-shaped, single flowers, 3–4in
are borne from summer until first frosts. ovoid and dark brown. Z6–8 H8–6. of bulbs in fall or, for species, by seed in (8–10cm) across, frequently multicolored
Z10–11 H12–1. and usually with distinctively colored
T. polyphyllum, illus. p.276. TSUSIOPHYLLUM spring or fall. T If ingested, all parts may bases, in early or mid-spring. Leaves are
T. speciosum, illus. p.202. sometimes marked bronze, red or purple.
T. tricolor. See T. tricolorum. ERICACEAE cause mild stomach upset, and contact H 6–12in (15–30cm).
T. tricolorum, syn. T. tricolor, illus. p.461. with any part may aggravate skin allergies.
T. tuberosum. Herbaceous, tuberous- Genus of one species of semievergreen See also feature panel pp.400–401. Fosteriana Group (Div.13)—comprises
rooted, leaf-stalk climber. H 6–10ft (2–3m). shrub, grown for its flowers. Is similar Horticulturally, tulips are grouped into T. fosteriana and hybrids and has bowl-
Grayish-green leaves have 3–5 lobes. From to Rhododendron and is suitable for rock the following divisions. shaped, single flowers, to 5in (12cm)
mid-summer to late fall produces cup- gardens and peat beds. Requires partial across, in white to yellow or dark red,
shaped, long-spurred, orange-yellow shade and well-drained, peaty, sandy soil. Single Early Group (Div.1)—has cup- often margined or “flamed” in another
flowers, with orange-red sepals. Z8–15 Propagate by softwood cuttings in spring shaped, single, white to dark purple color and with contrasting bases, borne in
H12–8. var. lineamaculatum ‘Ken or early summer or by seed in fall or flowers, to 3in (7cm) across, often mid-spring. Leaves are sometimes marked
Aslet’, illus. p.207. spring. margined, “flamed” or flecked with a red-purple. H 8–26in (20–65cm).
T. Whirlybird Series. Fast-growing, T. tanakae. Semievergreen, spreading contrasting color, from early to mid-spring.
bushy annuals. H 10in (25cm), S 14in shrub. H 6in (15cm) or more, S 10in (25cm). H 6–18in (15–45cm). Greigii Group (Div.14)—comprises
(35cm). Have rounded, mid-green leaves. Twiggy, branched stems bear tiny, T. greigii and hybrids and has bowl-shaped,
Trumpet-shaped, spurred, single to narrowly oval, hairy leaves. In early Double Early Group (Div.2)—has bowl- single, yellow to red flowers, to 4in (10cm)
semidouble flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, are summer produces small, tubular, white shaped, fully double, dark red to yellow or across, sometimes “flamed” or margined
borne in mixture or in single colors from or pinkish-white flowers at stem tips. white flowers, to 3in (8cm) across, often in a different color and with contrasting
early summer to early fall. Z11 H12–1. Z6–8 H8–6. margined or flecked with another color, bases, borne in early or mid-spring. Blue-
borne in mid-spring. H 12–16in (30–40cm). green leaves are generally wavy-margined
TSUGA TUBERARIA and always marked dark bluish-maroon.
Triumph Group (Div.3)—sturdy stems H 6–12in (15–30cm).
Hemlock CISTACEAE bear cup-shaped, single flowers, to 21⁄2in
(6cm) across, in a range of colors and often Miscellaneous Group (Div.15)—
PINACEAE Genus of annuals, grown for their margined or flecked with a contrasting comprises all species and hybrids not
shallowly cup-shaped flowers. Requires color, in mid- and late spring. H 14–24in included in other divisions. Flowers are
See also CONIFERS. sun and very well-drained soil. Propagate (35–60cm). produced from late winter to late spring.
T. canadensis, illus. p.102. Z4–8 H8–1. by seed in spring.
‘Aurea’ is a broadly conical conifer, often T. guttata, syn. Helianthemum guttatum. Darwin Hybrid Group (Div.4)—has T. ‘Abu Hassan’ Div.3, illus. p.401. Mid- to
with several stems. H 15ft (5m) or more, Moderately fast-growing, upright, egg-shaped, single flowers, to 3in (7cm) late spring-flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm).
S 6–10ft (2–3m). Shoots are pale gray with branching annual. H and S 4–12in across, in a range of colors and usually Produces cardinal-red flowers with pinkish-
spirally-arranged, needlelike, flattened (10–30cm). Has lance-shaped, hairy, flushed, “flamed” or margined with a red stripes and yellow edges. Z3–8 H8–1.
different color and often with contrasting T. acuminata (Horned tulip) Div.15, illus.
bases, from mid- to late spring. H 20–28in p.401. Mid-spring-flowering bulb.
(50–70cm). H 12–18in (30–45cm). Flowers are 3–5in
(7–13cm) long, with long-pointed, tapered,
Single Late Group including Cottage pale red or yellow petals, often tinged with
and Darwin Hybrids (Div.5)—has red or green outside. Z3–8 H8–1.
cup- or goblet-shaped, single flowers,
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T T. ‘Ad Rem’ Div.4. Mid- to late spring- spring-flowering bulb. H 2–4in (5–10cm). T. dasystemon of gardens. See T. tarda. T. ‘Giuseppe Verdi’ Div.12, illus. p.407.
flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Flowers Has gray-green leaves. Stem bears 1–5 T. ‘Dawnglow’ Div.4. Mid- to late-spring- T. ‘Glück’ Div.12, illus. p.401. Early spring-
714 are scarlet with black bases and yellow fragrant, yellow-centered, white flowers, flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Pale apricot flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm). Has reddish-
margins. Anthers are yellow. Z3–8 H8–1. 5/8–11/2in (1.5–3.5cm) long and tapered at flowers are flushed with deep pink outside brown-mottled, gray-green leaves. Petals
T. aitchisonii. See T. clusiana. bases. Narrowly oval petals are flushed and are deep yellow inside. Z3–8 H8–1. are red outside, margined bright yellow,
T. ‘Albert Heijn’ Div.13, illus. p.400. Early outside with greenish-gray or greenish- T. ‘Diana’ Div.1. Early spring-flowering and yellow inside, with darker bases.
spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Bears pink. Is suitable for a rock garden. Z4–7 bulb. H 11in (28cm). Large, pure white Z3–8 H8–1.
deep rose-pink flowers with purple sheen H7–1. flowers are borne on strong stems. T. ‘Golden Apeldoorn’ Div.4, illus.
and paler pink edges. Z3–8 H8–1. T. ‘Bing Crosby’ Div.3. Mid- to late Z3–8 H8–1. p.401. Mid- to late spring-flowering bulb.
T. ‘Ancilla’ Div.12. Early spring-flowering spring-flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). T. ‘Dillenburg’ Div.5. Late spring- H 20–24in (50–60cm). Golden-yellow
bulb. H 6in (15cm). Flowers are pink and Has scarlet flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. flowering bulb. H 26in (65cm). Flowers are flowers have black bases and stamens.
reddish outside, white inside, with central, T. ‘Bird of Paradise’ Div.10, illus. p.400. brick-orange. Is good for bedding. Z3–8 Z3–8 H8–1.
red ring. Z3–8 H8–1. Late spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). H8–1. T. ‘Golden Artist’ Div.8. Late spring-
T. ‘Angélique’ Div.11. Late spring- Produces orange-margined, cardinal-red T. ‘Don Quichotte’ Div.3. Mid-spring- flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Delicately flowers, with bright yellow bases. Anthers flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Purple-pink are bright golden-yellow. Z3–8 H8–1.
scented, double, pale pink flowers deepen are purple. Z3–8 H8–1. flowers are long-lasting. Z4–7 H7–1. T. ‘Gordon Cooper’ Div. 4. Mid- to
with age. Each petal has paler streaks and T. ‘Black Hero’ Div.11, illus. p.401. Late T. ‘Dreamboat’ Div.14. Mid- to late late spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm).
lighter margin. Is good for bedding. Z3–8 spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). spring-flowering bulb. H 10in (25cm). Petals are deep pink outside, margined
H8–1. Flowers have maroon outer petals and Produces gray-green leaves with brown red; and inside are red with blue-and-
T. ‘Apeldoorn’s Elite’ Div.4, illus. p.401. darker, almost black edges and dark stripes. Urn-shaped, red-tinged, amber- yellow bases. Has black anthers.
Mid- to late spring-flowering bulb. H 24in purple-black inner petals. Z3–8 H8–1. yellow flowers have greenish-bronze bases Z3–8 H8–1.
(60cm). Has buttercup-yellow flowers T. ‘Black Jewel’ Div.7. Late spring- with red blotches. Z3–8 H8–1. T. ‘Greenland’. See T. ‘Groenland’.
feathered with cherry-red and with flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Produces T. ‘Dreaming Maid’ Div.3, illus. p.401. T. greigii Div.15. Early spring-flowering
yellowish-green bases. Z3–8 H8–1. deep maroon-purple, almost black flowers Mid- to late spring-flowering bulb. H 22in bulb. H 8–18in (20–45cm). Has downy
T. ‘Apricot Beauty’ Div.1. Early spring- with crystalline fringe very lightly marked (55cm). Flowers have white-margined, stems. Leaves are streaked or mottled with
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers with golden-yellow. Z3–8 H8–1. violet petals. Z3–8 H8–1. red or purple. Cup-shaped flowers, 11/4–4in
salmon-pink faintly tinged red. Z3–8 H8–1. T. ‘Blue Parrot’ Div.10, illus. p.401. Late T. ‘Dreamland’ Div.5, illus. p.400. Late (3–10cm) long, with broadly oval, red or
T. ‘Artist’ Div.8, illus. p.401. Late spring- spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Very spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). yellow petals, have yellow-ringed, black
flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers are large, bright violet flowers, sometimes Flowers are red with white bases and centers. Z3–8 H8–1.
salmon-pink and purple outside, sometimes bronze outside, are borne on strong stems. yellow anthers. Z3–8 H8–1. T. ‘Greuze’ Div.5. Late spring-flowering
marked with green, and deep salmon-pink Z3–8 H8–1. T. eichleri. See T. undulatifolia. bulb. H 26in (65cm). Flowers are dark
and green inside. Z3–8 H8–1. T. ‘Burgundy Lace’ Div.7. Late spring- T. ‘Esperanto’ Div.8, illus. p.400. Late violet-purple. Is good for bedding.
T. ‘Attila’ Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Flowers are spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). Z3–8 H8–1.
bulb. H 16in (40cm). Strong stems bear wine-red with fringed margins. Z3–8 H8–1. Produces flowers with rose-pink petals that T. ‘Groenland’, syn. T. ‘Greenland’ Div.8,
long-lasting, pink flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. T. ‘Candela’ Div.13, illus. p.401. Early to fade to pale pink toward base, and green- illus. p.400. Late spring-flowering bulb.
T. aucheriana Div.15. Early spring- mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). feathered mid-veins. Has cream-edged, H 20in (50cm). Bears flowers with green
flowering bulb. H to 8in (20cm). Has Large, long-lasting, yellow flowers have gray-green leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. petals that are margined rose-pink. Is a
gray-green leaves. Bears oval-petaled, black anthers. Z3–8 H8–1. T. ‘Estella Rijnveld’ Div.10, illus. p.400. good bedding tulip. Z3–8 H8–1.
yellow-centered, pink flowers, 3/4–2in T. ‘Cape Cod’ Div.14. Mid- to late spring- Late spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). T. hageri Div.15. Mid-spring-flowering
(2–5cm) long, tapered at base. Z3–8 H8–1. flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Gray-green Large, red flowers are streaked with white bulb. H 4–12in (10–30cm). Stem has 1–4
T. australis. See T. sylvestris. leaves have reddish stripes. Yellowish- and green. Z3–8 H8–1. flowers, 11/2–21/2in (3–6cm) long, tapered at
T. bakeri. See T. saxatilis. bronze flowers have black-and-red bases; T. ‘Fancy Frills’ Div.10. Late spring- base and with oval, dull red petals tinged
T. ‘Balalaika’ Div.5. Late spring-flowering petals are margined yellow outside. Z3–8 flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Fringed, with green outside. Z3–8 H8–1.
bulb. H 20in (50cm). Bright red flowers H8–1. ivory-white petals are striped and T. ‘Heart’s Delight’ Div.12. Early spring-
have yellow bases and black stamens. Z3–8 T. ‘Carnaval de Nice’ Div.11, illus. p.400. margined pink outside; inside, base is rose- flowering bulb. H 8–10in (20–25cm). Has
H8–1. Late spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). pink. Anthers are pale yellow. Z3–8 H8–1. green leaves striped red-brown. Deep
T. ‘Ballade’ Div.6, illus. p.400. Late spring- Double, white flowers are feathered with T. ‘Flaming Parrot’ Div.10. Late-spring pinkish-red flowers, margined pale pink,
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Reddish- deep red. Z3–8 H8–1. flowering bulb. H 22in (55cm). Deep yellow have pale pink inside with red-blotched,
magenta flowers, with white-margined, T. ‘China Pink’ Div.6, illus. p.400. Late flowers, “flamed” dark red, have primrose- yellow bases. Z3–8 H8–1.
yellow bases, have long, white-margined spring-flowering bulb. H 22in (55cm). yellow bases. Insides are primrose-yellow T. ‘Hollywood’ Div.8. Late spring-
petals. Z3–8 H8–1. White-based, pink flowers have slightly with glowing, blood-red “flames.” Anthers flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). Red flowers,
T. ‘Ballerina’ Div.6, illus. p.401. Late reflexed petals. Z3–8 H8–1. are purple-black. Z3–8 H8–1. tinged and streaked with green, have
spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). T. ‘Chopin’ Div.12. Early spring-flowering T. fosteriana Div.15. Early spring- yellow bases. Is good for bedding.
Produces lemon-yellow flowers, with bulb. H 8in (20cm). Has brown-mottled, flowering bulb. H 8–18in (20–45cm). Has a Z3–8 H8–1.
flamelike, blood-red markings, orange- gray-green leaves. Lemon-yellow flowers downy stem and gray-green leaves, downy T. humilis Div.15. Variable, early spring-
yellow veins near margins and star-shaped have black bases. Z3–8 H8–1. above. Flowers, to 4in (10cm) long, are flowering bulb, often considered to include
yellow bases. Inner surfaces are bright T. chrysantha. See T. clusiana var. bowl-shaped at base with narrowly oval, T. aucheriana, T. pulchella and T. violacea.
red, feathered marigold-orange, with pale chrysantha. bright red petals, and purplish-black center H to 8in (20cm). Has gray-green leaves.
golden-yellow anthers. Z3–8 H8–1. T. ‘Clara Butt’ Div.5. Late spring-flowering inside, ringed with yellow. Z3–8 H8–1. Stem bears usually 1, sometimes 2 or 3,
T. batalinii Div.15. Early spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Flowers are salmon- T. ‘Fringed Beauty’ Div.7. Early to mid- pinkish-magenta flowers, 3/4–2in (2–5cm)
bulb. H 4–12in (10–30cm). Is often included pink. Is good for bedding. Z3–8 H8–1. spring-flowering bulb. H 13in (32cm). long, tapered at base and with yellow
under T. linifolia. Leaves are gray-green. T. clusiana, syn. T. aitchisonii (Lady tulip) Fringed petals are bright red with yellow center inside. Petals are oval. Is suitable
Flowers, 3/4–21/2in (2–6cm) long, have Div.15. Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H to margins. Is excellent for forcing. Z3–8 for a rock garden. Z3–8 H8–1.
broadly oval petals and are bowl-shaped at 12in (30cm). Has gray-green leaves. Each H8–1. T. ‘Jack Laan’ Div.9. Late spring-
base. Pale yellow petals are darker yellow stem bears 1 or 2 flowers, 3⁄4–21⁄2in T. ‘Fringed Elegance’ Div.7. Late spring- flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Purple
or brown at bases inside. Several cultivars (2–6.5cm) long, that are bowl-shaped flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Produces flowers are shaded with brown and
are hybrids between T. batalinii and at base. Narrowly oval, white petals are pale yellow flowers dotted with pink feathered with white and yellow.
T. linifolia. Z3–8 H8–1. These include purple or crimson at base inside, striped outside; inside, bases have bronze-green Z3–8 H8–1.
‘Apricot Jewel’ Div.15, with flowers that deep pink outside. Stamens are purple. blotches. Each petal has yellow fringe. T. ‘Juan’ Div.13. Early to mid-spring-
are orange-red outside, yellow inside; Z3–8 H8–1. Flowers of var. chrysantha, Anthers are purple. Z3–8 H8–1. flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Flowers
‘Bright Gem’ Div.15, which has yellow syn. T. chrysantha Div.15 (illus. p.401) are T. ‘Gala Beauty’ Div.9. Late spring- are deep orange overlaid with scarlet.
flowers flushed with orange; and ‘Bronze yellow, flushed red or brown outside, flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Yellow Leaves are marked with reddish-brown.
Charm’ Div.15, which bears yellow flowers with yellow stamens,. var. stellata Div.15 flowers are streaked with crimson. Z3–8 Z3–8 H8–1.
with bronze feathering. has white flowers with yellow bases and H8–1. T. kaufmanniana (Water lily tulip) Div.15,
T. ‘Bellona’ Div.1, illus. p.401. Early yellow stamens. T. ‘Garden Party’ Div.3. Mid- to late illus. p.401. Early spring-flowering bulb.
spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). T. ‘Couleur Cardinal’ Div.3. Mid-spring- spring-flowering bulb. H 16–18in (40– H 4–14in (10–35cm). Leaves are gray-green.
Fragrant flowers are deep golden-yellow. Is flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Plum-purple 45cm). Produces white flowers; petals are Stem has 1–5 often scented flowers, 11/2–4in
good for bedding and forcing. Z3–8 H8–1. flowers are dark crimson-scarlet inside. margined deep pink outside, and inside are (3–10cm) long and bowl-shaped at base.
T. biflora, syn. T. polychroma Div.15. Early Z3–8 H8–1. streaked with deep pink. Z3–8 H8–1. Narrowly oval petals are usually cream or
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yellow, flushed with pink or gray-green mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). (60cm). Has long-lasting, very dark T. ‘Uncle Tom’ Div.11, illus. p.401. Late T
outside; centers are often a different color. Flowers are bright orange, with yellow maroon-black flowers on sturdy stems. spring-flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm).
Pink, orange or red forms occasionally base inside and have black anthers. Is the darkest of all tulips. Is useful for Double flowers are maroon-red. Z3–8 H8–1.
occur. Z3–8 H8–1. Z3–8 H8–1. bedding. Z3–8 H8–1. T. undulatifolia, syn. T. eichleri Div.15.
T. ‘Keizerskroon’ Div.1. Early spring- T. ‘Orange Triumph’ Div.11. Late spring- T. ‘Queen of Sheba’ Div.6. Late-spring- Early to mid-spring-flowering bulb.
flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Flowers flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Has double, flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Bears H 6–20in (15–50cm). Has downy stem
have crimson-scarlet petals, with broad, soft orange-red flowers flushed with orange-margined, glowing, brownish-red and gray-green leaves. Flowers, 11/4–3in
bright yellow margins. Is a good, reliable brown, and yellow margins. Z3–8 H8–1. flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. (3–8cm) long, are bowl-shaped at base.
bedding tulip. Z3–8 H8–1. T. ‘Oranje Nassau’ Div.2. Early spring- T. ‘Red Emperor’. See T. ‘Madame Narrowly oval, red or orange-red petals
T. ‘Kingsblood’ Div.5. Late spring- flowering bulb. H 10–12in (25–30cm). Has Lefèber’. have pale red or buff backs and yellow-
flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Cherry-red double, blood-red flowers flushed fiery T. ‘Red Parrot’ Div.10. Late spring- bordered, dark green or black blotch at
flowers are margined scarlet. Z3–8 H8–1. orange-red. Z3–8 H8–1. flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Large, base inside. Z3–8 H8–1.
T. linifolia Div.15. Variable, early spring- T. ‘Oratorio’ Div.14. Mid- to late spring- raspberry-red flowers are borne on strong T. ‘Union Jack’ Div.5. Late spring-
flowering bulb, often considered to include flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm). Has brown- stems. Z3–8 H8–1. flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Ivory-white
T. batalinii and T. maximowiczii. H 4–12in mottled, gray-green leaves. Broadly T. ‘Red Riding Hood’ Div.14, illus. p.401. petals, marked with deep pinkish-red
(10–30cm). Has gray-green leaves. Red urn-shaped flowers are rose-pink outside, Late spring-flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm). “flames,” have blue-margined, white bases.
flowers, 3/4–2in (2–6cm) long, are bowl- apricot-pink inside with black bases. Has vivid, black-based, scarlet flowers Z3–8 H8–1.
shaped at base and, inside, have blackish- Z3–8 H8–1. amid spreading, dark green leaves mottled T. urumiensis Div.15. Early spring-
purple centers that are usually ringed with T. orphanidea Div.15, illus. p.401. Mid- brownish-purple. Z3–8 H8–1. flowering bulb. H 4–8in (10–20cm). Stem
cream or yellow. Petals are broadly oval. spring-flowering bulb. H 4–12in (10–30cm). T. saxatilis, syn. T. bakeri Div.15, illus. is mostly below soil level. Leaves are green
Z3–8 H8–1. Green leaves often have reddish margins. p.400. Early spring-flowering bulb. or grayish-green. Bears 1 or 2 flowers,
T. ‘Lustige Witwe’, syn. T. ‘Merry Stem has 1–4 flowers, 11/4–21/2in (3–6cm) H 6–18in (15–45cm). Has glossy, mid-green 11/2in (4cm) long, with tapered bases.
Widow’ Div.3. Mid- to late spring-flowering long and tapered at base. Oval, orange- leaves. Stem produces 1–4 scented flowers, Narrowly oval, yellow petals are flushed
bulb. Flowers have deep glowing red petals brown petals are tinged green outside and 11/2–21/4in (4–5.5cm) long and tapered at mauve or red-brown outside. Is useful for
margined white. Z3–8 H8–1. often purple. Z3–8 H8–1. base. Oval, pink to lilac petals are yellow a rock garden. Z4–7 H8–1.
T. ‘Madame Lefèber’, syn. T. ‘Red T. ‘Page Polka’ Div.3. Mid-spring- at base inside. Z3–8 H8–1. T. violacea Div.15. Early spring-flowering
Emperor’ Div.13, illus. p.401. Early to mid- flowering bulb. Large, deep red flowers T. ‘Shakespeare’ Div.12. Early spring- bulb. H to 8in (20cm). Has gray-green
spring-flowering bulb. H 14–16in (35– have white bases and are striped with flowering bulb. H 5–6in (12–15cm). Petals leaves. Oval-petaled, violet-pink flowers,
40cm). Produces very large, brilliant red white. Anthers are yellow. Z3–8 H8–1. are deep red outside, margined salmon, 3⁄4–2in (2–5cm) long, are tapered at base
flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. T. ‘Palestrina’ Div.5. Late spring- and salmon inside, flushed red with yellow and have yellow or bluish-black centers
T. ‘Maja’ Div.7, illus. p.401. Late spring- flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Petals of base. Z3–8 H8–1. inside. Is suitable for a rock garden or
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Has egg- large, salmon-pink flowers are green T. ‘Shirley’ Div.3, illus. p.400. Mid- to late raised bed. Z3–8 H8–1.
shaped, pale yellow flowers, with fringed outside. Z3–8 H8–1. spring-flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Bears T. ‘West Point’ Div.6. Late spring-
petals, that are bronze-yellow at base. T. ‘Peach Blossom’ Div.2. Early spring- ivory-white flowers with pinkish-purple flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Primrose-
Anthers are yellow. Z3–8 H8–1. flowering bulb. H 10–12in (25–30cm). petal edges and flecks. Z3–8 H8–1. yellow flowers have long-pointed, recurved
T. ‘Margot Fonteyn’ Div.3. Mid- to Produces double, silvery-pink flowers T. sprengeri Div.15, illus. p.401. Late petals. Z4–7 H7–1.
late spring-flowering bulb. H 16–18in (40– flushed with deep pink. Z3–8 H8–1. spring- and early summer-flowering bulb. T. ‘White Dream’ Div.3, illus. p.400. Mid-
45cm). Yellow-margined, bright red flowers T. ‘Peer Gynt’ Div.3. Mid- to late spring- H 12–18in (30–45cm). Flowers are 13/4–21/2in to late spring-flowering bulb. H 16–18in
have yellow base inside. Anthers are black. flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Purple- (4.5–6.5cm) long and tapered at base. Bears (40–45cm). Flowers are white with yellow
Z3–8 H8–1. margined, fuchsia-red flowers have white narrowly oval, orange-red petals, the outer anthers. Z3–8 H8–1.
T. marjolletii Div.15. Mid-spring- bases spotted with yellow. Anthers are 3 with buff-yellow backs. Is latest-flowering T. ‘White Emperor’. See T. ‘Purissima’.
flowering bulb. H 16–20in (40–50cm). purplish-gray. Z3–8 H8–1. tulip; increases rapidly. Z3–8 H8–1. T. ‘White Parrot’ Div.10. Late spring-
Produces flowers, 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm) long T. ‘Plaisir’ Div.14. Mid- to late spring- T. ‘Spring Green’ Div.8, illus. p.400. flowering bulb. H 22in (55cm). Large
and bowl-shaped at base, with broadly flowering bulb. H 6–8in (15–20cm). Has Late spring-flowering bulb. H 14–15in flowers have ruffled, white petals, flecked
oval, creamy-white petals, margined and gray-green leaves mottled with red- (35–38cm). Has white flowers feathered green near base. Is good for cut flowers.
marked deep pink. Z3–8 H8–1. brown. Bears broadly urn-shaped, with green. Anthers are pale green. Z3–8 Z3–8 H8–1.
T. ‘Maureen’ Div.5. Late spring-flowering pale yellow-margined, deep pinkish-red H8–1. T. ‘White Triumphator’ Div.6, illus.
bulb. H 28in (70cm). Bears marble-white flowers, with black-and-yellow bases. T. sylvestris, syn. T. australis Div.15, p.400. Late spring-flowering bulb.
flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. Z3–8 H8–1. illus. p.401. Early spring-flowering bulb. H 26–28in (65–70cm). White flowers have
T. maximowiczii Div.15. Early spring- T. polychroma. See T. biflora. H 4–18in (10–45cm). Yellow flowers, reflexed petals. Z3–8 H8–1.
flowering bulb. H 4–12in (10–30cm). Has T. praestans. ‘Fusilier’ Div.15 Early 11/2–23/4in (3.5–6.5cm) long, usually borne T. whittallii Div.15. Mid-spring-flowering
gray-green leaves. Bright red flowers, spring-flowering bulb. H 4–18in (10–45cm). singly, are tapered at base. Narrowly oval bulb. H 12–14in (30–35cm). Stem produces
3/4–21/2in (2–6cm) long, with broadly Has minutely downy stem and downy, petals are often tinged with green outside. 1–4 oval-petaled, bright brownish-orange
oval petals, have white-bordered, black gray-green leaves. Stem bears 3–5 flowers, Z3–8 H8–1. flowers, 11/4–21/2in (3–6cm) long, with
centers and are bowl-shaped at base. 21/4–21/2in (5.5–6.5cm) long, with bowl- T. tarda, syn. T. dasystemon Div.15. Early tapered bases. Z3–8 H8–1.
Z3–8 H8–1. shaped bases. Oval petals are orange- spring-flowering bulb. H to 6in (15cm). Has T. ‘Yokohama’ Div.1. Early to mid-spring-
T. ‘Menton’ Div.5, illus. p.401. Late scarlet. ‘Unicum’ Div.15 (illus. p.401) has glossy, bright green leaves. Each stem flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Pointed
spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). leaves that are margined pale yellow. bears 4–6 flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm) long, flowers are deep yellow. Z3–8 H8–1.
Flowers have light orange-margined, Yellow-based, bright red flowers have blue- with tapered bases. Oval, white petals have
rose-pink petals with bright yellow and black anthers. ‘Van Tubergen’s Variety’ yellow lower halves inside and are tinged Tunica saxifraga. See Petrorhagia
white bases. Anthers are yellow. Div.15 produces 2–5 flowers, which are with green and sometimes red outside. Is saxifraga.
Z3–8 H8–1. often yellow-based, per stem; increases suitable for a rock garden or raised bed.
T. ‘Merry Widow’. See T. ‘Lustige very freely. Z3–8 H8–1. TURRAEA 715
Witwe’. T. ‘Prinses Irene’ Div.1, illus. p.401. T. ‘Toronto’ Div.14. Mid- to late spring-
T. ‘Monte Carlo’ Div.2. Early spring- Early spring-flowering bulb. H 12–14in flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). Has MELIACEAE
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Has double, (30–35cm). Produces orange flowers mottled leaves and 2 or 3 long-lasting
bright yellow flowers with sparse, red streaked with purple. Z3–8 H8–1. flowers per stem. Open, broadly cup- Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
streaks. Z3–8 H8–1. T. pulchella Div.15. Early spring-flowering shaped flowers have pointed, bright red grown for their flowers and foliage. Prefers
T. ‘Negrita’ Div.3, illus. p.401. Mid- to bulb. H to 8in (20cm). Has gray-green petals with brownish-green-yellow base full sun and needs fertile, well-drained soil.
late spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). leaves. Oval-petaled, purple flowers, 3/4–2in inside. Anthers are bronze. Z3–8 H8–1. Water freely when in growth, less at other
Produces deep purple flowers with red- (2–5cm) long, are tapered at base and have T. turkestanica Div.15, illus. p.400. Early times. Young plants may need growing
purple streaks. Z3–8 H8–1. yellow or bluish-black center inside. Is spring-flowering bulb. H 4–12in (10– point removed to promote branching.
T. ‘New Design’ Div.3. Mid-spring- useful for a rock garden. Z3–8 H8–1. 30cm). Has hairy stem and gray-green Prune after flowering if necessary.
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers T. ‘Purissima’, syn. T. ‘White Emperor’ leaves. Stem bears up to 12 unpleasant- Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
have yellow petals that fade to pinkish- Div.13, illus. p.400. Early to mid-spring- smelling flowers, 5/8–11/2in (1.5–3.5cm) cuttings in summer.
white and are margined red outside and flowering bulb. H 14–16in (35–40cm). long, with tapered bases. Oval, white T. obtusifolia. Evergreen, rounded,
marked apricot inside. Leaves have Flowers are pure white. Z3–8 H8–1. petals are flushed green or pink outside; bushy, arching shrub. Has oval to lance-
pinkish-white margins. Z3–8 H8–1. T. ‘Queen of Night’ Div.5, illus. p.401. flowers have yellow or orange centers shaped leaves. Bears fragrant, white
T. ‘Orange Emperor’ Div.13. Early to Late spring-flowering bulb. H 24in inside. Z3–8 H8–1. flowers from fall to spring, followed by
orange-yellow fruits like tiny, peeled
tangerines. Z10–11 H12–10.
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TWEEDIA UVW Has broadly oval, toothed, very rough, URSINIA
dark green leaves, often slightly lobed at
ASCLEPIADACEAE UGNI tips. From mid- to late spring bears clusters COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
Genus of herbaceous, twining climbers; of winged, green fruits on bare branches.
only one species is in general cultivation. In MYRTACEAE Z3–9 H8–2. ‘Camperdownii’, syn. U. Genus of annuals, evergreen perennials
cool climates, may be grown as an annual. ‘Camperdownii’ illus. p.88. ‘Exoniensis’ and subshrubs, grown mainly for their
Requires sun and well-drained soil. Pinch Genus of densely leafy, evergreen shrubs (Exeter elm), H 50ft (15m), S 15ft (5m), flower heads usually in summer, a few
out tips of shoots to encourage branching. or trees. U. molinae, the only species usually is narrow with upright branches when species for their foliage. Needs full light
Propagate by seed in spring. cultivated, is grown for its foliage, flowers young, later becoming more spreading. and well-drained soil. Water container
T. caerulea, syn. Oxypetalum caeruleum. and fruit. Needs sun or partial shade and Z5–7 H7–5. plants moderately when in full growth, less
Herbaceous, twining climber with white- moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by U. x hollandica (Holland elm). Vigorous, at other times. Requires good ventilation if
haired stems. H to 3ft (1m). Pink-flushed semiripe cuttings in late summer. deciduous tree with a short trunk and grown under glass. Propagate by seed or
buds open, in summer and early fall, to U. molinae, syn. Eugenia ugni, Myrtus spreading to arching branches. H 100ft greenwood cuttings in spring. Aphids are
reveal small, fleshy, pale blue flowers, ugni (Chilean guava). Evergreen, upright, (30m), S 80ft (25m). Has oval, toothed, glossy, sometimes troublesome.
maturing purple. Has green fruits, to 6in densely branched shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft dark green leaves. Is very susceptible to U. anthemoides, illus. p.322.
(15cm) long. Z12–15 H12–10. (1m). Glossy, dark green leaves are oval. Dutch elm disease. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Jacqueline U. chrysanthemoides. Evergreen, bushy
Has fragrant, slightly nodding, cup-shaped, Hillier’, H and S 6ft (2m), is slow-growing perennial. H and S 2ft (60cm) or more. Has
TYLECODON pink-tinted, white flowers in late spring, and suitable for hedging. Small leaves, narrowly oval, feathery, strongly scented,
followed by aromatic, edible, spherical, rough-textured and sharply toothed, form 2 green leaves. Bears small, long-stalked,
CRASSULACEAE dark red fruits. Is good for hedging in mild rows on each shoot; they persist into early daisylike, yellow flower heads, sometimes
Genus of deciduous, bushy, winter- areas. Z9–10 H10–9. winter. ‘Vegeta’ (Huntingdon elm), H 120ft coppery below, in summer. Z13–15 H12–10.
growing, succulent shrubs with very (35m), has upright central branches and U. sericea. Evergreen, bushy subshrub.
swollen stems. Requires sun and very ULEX pendent outer shoots. Broadly oval leaves H and S 10–18in (25–45cm). Leaves are cut
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or turn yellow in fall. into filigree of very slender, silver-haired
Furze, Gorse U. minor, syn. Ulma carpinifolia segments. Daisylike, yellow flower heads
stem cuttings in summer. T The leaves (European field elm, Smooth-leaf elm). are produced in summer. Is mainly grown
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE Deciduous, spreading tree with arching for its foliage. Z13–15 H12–10.
of T. wallichii are highly toxic if ingested. branches and pendent shoots. H 100ft
T. paniculatus, syn. Cotyledon paniculata Genus of leafless, or almost leafless, (30m), S 70ft (20m). Small, oval, toothed, UTRICULARIA
(Botterbom, Butter tree). Deciduous, bushy, shrubs, grown for their spring flowers. glossy, bright green leaves turn yellow
succulent shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Swollen Plants have year-round, green shoots and in fall. Z5–8 H8–5. subsp. angustifolia, Bladderwort
stem and branches have papery, yellow spines so appear to be evergreen. Needs syn. U. angustifolia (Goodyer’s elm) has
coverings. Leaves are oblong to oval, fleshy full sun and prefers poor, well-drained, a rounded canopy and elliptic to oval, LENTIBULARIACEAE
and bright green. In summer, clusters of acidic soil. Trim each year after flowering double-toothed, mid- to dark green leaves,
tubular, green-striped, red flowers are to maintain compact habit. Straggly, old paler beneath. ‘Cornubiensis’, syn. U. Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
produced at stem tips. Z12–15 H12–10. plants may be cut back hard in spring. angustifolia var. cornubiensis (Cornish elm), perennial, carnivorous water plants
T. papillaris subsp. wallichii. See S 50ft (15m), is conical when young and with bladder-like, modified leaves that
T. wallichii. Propagate by seed in fall. T The seeds with a vase-shaped head when mature. trap and digest insects. Most species in
T. reticulatus, syn. Cotyledon reticulata ‘Dicksonii’, syn. Ulma ‘Dicksonii’, Ulma cultivation are free-floating. Some species
(Barbed-wire plant). Deciduous, bushy, may cause mild stomach upset if ingested. minor ‘Sarniensis Aurea’, Ulma ‘Wheatleyi are suitable only for tropical aquariums;
U. europaeus, illus. p.148. ‘Flore Pleno’ Aurea’ illus. p.76. ‘Sarniensis’ (Jersey elm, those grown in outdoor pools require full
T succulent shrub. H and S 1ft (30cm). is a leafless, or almost leafless, bushy Wheatley elm), S 30ft (10m), is a conical, sun. Thin out plants that are overcrowded
Swollen branches bear cylindrical leaves in shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m). In spring dense tree with upright branches. Small, or become laden with algae. Propagate
winter. Has tubular, green-yellow flowers, bears masses of fragrant, pealike, double, broadly oval leaves are mid-green. by division of floating foliage in spring
on woody stem, in fall. Z12–15 H12–10. yellow flowers on leafless, dark green U. parvifolia (Chinese elm, Lacebark elm). or summer.
T. wallichii, syn. T. papillaris subsp. shoots. Z6–8 H8–6. Deciduous or semievergreen, rounded tree. U. exoleta. See U. gibba.
wallichii, Cotyledon wallichii. Deciduous, H and S 50ft (15m). Small, oval, glossy, dark U. gibba, syn. U. exoleta. Deciduous,
bushy, succulent shrub. H and S 1ft (30cm). Ulma carpinifolia. See Ulmus minor. green leaves last well into winter or, in mild perennial, free-floating water plant that
Has cylindrical, grooved-topped, gray- Ulma ‘Dicksonii’. See Ulmus minor areas, may persist until fresh growth is evergreen in very warm water. S 6in
green leaves at stem tips. After leaf fall, ‘Dicksonii’. appears. Z5–9 H9–5. (15cm). Slender stems bear finely divided,
stems are neatly covered in raised leaf Ulma minor ‘Sarniensis Aurea’. See U. procera (English elm). Vigorous, mid-green leaves on which small bladders
bases. Bears tubular, yellow-green flowers, Ulmus minor ‘Dicksonii’. deciduous, spreading tree with a bushy, develop. Pouched, bright yellow flowers
3/4in (2cm) long, in fall. Z12–15 H12–10. Ulma ‘Wheatleyi Aurea’. See Ulmus dense, dome-shaped head. H 120ft (35m), are produced in summer. Is suitable only
minor ‘Dicksonii’. S 50ft (15m). Broadly oval, toothed, rough, for a tropical aquarium. Z12–15 H12–10.
TYPHA dark green leaves turn yellow in fall. U. vulgaris. Deciduous, perennial, free-
ULMUS Z5–8 H8–1. floating water plant. S 12in (30cm). Much-
Cattail U. pumila (Siberian elm). Deciduous, divided, bronze-green leaves, studded with
TYPHACEAE Elm spreading, sometimes shrubby tree. H 50ft small bladders, are produced on slender
Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal (15m), S 40ft (12m). Has oval, toothed, dark stems. Bears pouched, bright yellow
water plants, grown for their cylindrical ULMACEAE green leaves. Has some resistance to Dutch flowers in summer. May be grown in a
seed heads. Tolerates sun and shade. elm disease, but seedlings may be pond or cold-water aquarium. Z12–15
Propagate in spring by seed or division. Genus of deciduous or, rarely, susceptible in hot summers. Z3–9 H9–1. H12–10.
T. latifolia, illus. p.442. ‘Variegata’ is a semievergreen trees and shrubs, often U. ‘Wheatleyi Aurea’. See U. minor
deciduous, perennial marginal water plant. large and stately, grown for their foliage ‘Dicksonii’. UVULARIA
H 3–4ft (90cm–1.2m), S indefinite. Strap- and habit. Inconspicuous flowers appear
shaped, mid-green leaves have longitudinal, in spring. Requires full sun and fertile, UMBELLULARIA Merrybells
cream stripes. Spikes of beige flowers, in well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
late summer, are followed by cylindrical, cuttings in summer or by seed or suckers LAURACEAE LILIACEAE/CONVALLARIACEAE
dark brown seed heads. Z2–11 H12–1. in fall. Is susceptible to Dutch elm disease,
T. minima, illus. p.443. which is quickly fatal, although U. parvifolia Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering Genus of spring-flowering perennials that
and U. pumila appear more resistant than trees, grown for their aromatic foliage. thrive in moist woodlands. Requires partial
716 other species and hybrids. Requires shelter from strong, cold winds shade and prefers moist but well-drained,
U. americana (American elm). Deciduous, when young. Needs sun and fertile, moist peaty soil. Propagate by division in early
spreading tree. H and S 100ft (30m). Has but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed spring, before flowering.
gray bark and drooping branchlets. Large, U. grandiflora, illus. p.262.
oval, dark green leaves are sharply toothed in fall. T The scent of crushed leaves may U. perfoliata. Clump-forming perennial.
and rough-textured. Z3–9 H9–1. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). In spring,
U. angustifolia. See U. minor subsp. induce headaches and nausea. clusters of pendent, bell-shaped, pale
angustifolia. var. cornubiensis. See U. californica, illus. p.69. yellow flowers, with twisted petals, are
U. minor ‘Cornubiensis’. produced on numerous slender stems
U. ‘Camperdownii’. See U. glabra Urceolina peruviana. See above stem-clasping, narrowly oval, mid-
‘Camperdownii’. Stenomesson miniatum. green leaves. Z4–9 H9–1.
U. glabra (Dutch elm). Deciduous, Urginea maritima. See Drimia maritima.
spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), S 80ft (25m).
Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com VERBENA
VACCINIUM moderately at other times. Untidy growth VELLOZIA V. bombyciferum (Turkish mullein). U
may be cut out in early spring. Propagate Evergreen, erect biennial. H 4–6ft (1.2–2m), V
Blueberry, Cranberry, Huckleberry by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings VELLOZIACEAE S 2ft (60cm). Oval leaves and stems are W
in summer. Red spider mite may be a covered with silvery hairs. Produces
ERICACEAE nuisance. Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs, upright racemes densely set with 5-lobed,
V. stipularis. Evergreen, erect, then grown for their showy flowers. Needs full yellow flowers in summer. Z5–9 H9–2.
Genus of deciduous or evergreen loose and spreading shrub. H and S 6–15ft sun and moderately fertile, very well- V. chaixii (Nettle-leaved mullein). Erect
subshrubs, shrubs and trees, grown for (2–5m). Leaves are lance-shaped to drained soil. Propagate by seed or division perennial, covered with silvery hairs. H 3ft
their foliage, fall color (on deciduous rounded and lobed, deep green above, gray in spring. (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has oval, toothed, rough,
species), flowers and fruits, which are often beneath. Small, cup-shaped flowers, with V. elegans, syn. Barbacenia elegans, nettle-like leaves. Produces slender spires
edible. Needs sun or partial shade and 5 deep pink petals that have 3 lobes, are Talbotia elegans. Evergreen, mat-forming of 5-lobed, yellow, sometimes white
moist but well-drained, peaty or sandy, borne in small, terminal and lateral clusters perennial with slightly woody stems. flowers, with purple stamens, in summer.
acidic soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in spring–summer. Z9–10 H10–9. H to 6in (15cm), S 6–12in (15–30cm). Lance- Z5–9 H9–5.
in summer or by seed in fall. shaped, leathery, dark green leaves, to V. ‘Cotswold Beauty’, illus. p.246.
V. angustifolium var. laevifolium, VALLISNERIA 8in (20cm) long, have V-shaped keels. V. ‘Cotswold Queen’. Short-lived,
illus. p.163. In late spring bears solitary, small, star- rosette-forming perennial. H 3–4ft
V. arctostaphylos (Caucasian HYDROCHARITACEAE shaped, white flowers on slender stems (1–1.2m), S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Throughout
whortleberry). Deciduous, upright shrub. above leaves. Z14–15 H12–10. summer, branched racemes of 5-lobed,
H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has red-brown Genus of evergreen, perennial, apricot-buff flowers are borne on stems
young shoots and oval, dark green leaves submerged water plants, grown for their VELTHEIMIA that arise from oval, mid-green leaves.
that mature to red and purple in fall. Bell- foliage. Is suitable for ponds and Z5–9 H9–5.
shaped, white flowers, tinged with red, aquariums. Requires sun or partial shade LILIACEAE/HYACINTHACEAE V. densiflorum, syn. V. thapsiforme.
are produced in spreading racemes in and deep, clear water. Remove fading Fairly slow-growing, semievergreen,
early summer, followed by spherical, foliage, and thin overcrowded plants as Genus of winter-flowering bulbs, grown rosette-forming, upright perennial. H 4–5ft
purplish-black fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. required. Propagate by division in spring for their dense spikes of pendent, (1.2–1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Has large, oval,
V. corymbosum, illus. p.150. ‘Pioneer’ or summer. tubular flowers and rosettes of basal crinkled, hairy, mid-green leaves. Each
illus. p.163. V. americana, syn. V. gigantea. Vigorous, leaves. Needs full light, to keep foliage hairy stem produces bold spike of flattish,
V. glaucoalbum, illus. p.165. evergreen, perennial, submerged water compact and to develop flower colors 5-lobed, yellow flowers in summer. Z5–9
V. myrtillus (Sourtop blueberry). plant. S indefinite. Quickly grows to form fully, and well-drained soil. Plant in fall H9–5.
Deciduous, usually prostrate shrub. H 6in colonies of long, strap-shaped, mid-green with tips above soil surface. Reduce V. dumulosum, illus. p.345.
(15cm) or more, S 12in (30cm) or more. leaves. Produces insignificant, greenish watering in summer. Propagate by seed V. ‘Gainsborough’, illus. p.243.
Bears small, heart-shaped, leathery, bright flowers all year-round. Z4–11 H12–1. or offsets in fall. V. ‘Letitia’, illus. p.343.
green leaves. Pendent, bell-shaped, pale V. gigantea. See V. americana. V. bracteata, syn. V. capensis of gardens, V. lychnitis (White mullein). Slow-
pink flowers, in early summer, are followed V. spiralis (Eel grass, Tape grass). V. undulata, V. viridifolia, illus. p.414. growing, evergreen, upright, branching
by edible, spherical, blue-black fruits. Vigorous, evergreen, perennial, submerged V. capensis, syn. V. glauca, V. viridifolia of biennial. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 2ft (60cm).
Z5–7 H7–5. water plant. S indefinite. Forms a mass gardens. Winter-flowering bulb. H 12–18in Has lance-shaped, dark gray-green
V. nummularia. Evergreen, prostrate of long, strap-shaped, mid-green leaves, (30–45cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Has basal leaves. Flattish, 5-lobed, white flowers are
shrub. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Slender but on a smaller scale than V. americana. rosette of lance-shaped leaves, usually with borne on branching stems in summer.
stems, covered in red-brown bristles, bear Insignificant, greenish flowers are borne very wavy edges. Stem produces dense Z5–8 H8–5.
oval, wrinkled, bright green leaves, with red- year-round. Z4–11 H12–1. spike of pink or red flowers, 3/4–11/2in V. nigrum (Dark mullein). Semievergreen,
brown bristles at margins. Small racemes of (2–3cm) long. Z12–15 H12–10. clump-forming perennial. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m),
bell-shaped, white to deep pink flowers at Vallota speciosa. See Cyrtanthus elatus. V. capensis of gardens. See V. bracteata. S 2ft (60cm). Bears narrow spikes of small,
stem tips in early summer are followed by V. glauca. See V. capensis. 5-lobed, purple-centered, yellow flowers in
small, spherical, black fruits. Is suitable for a VANCOUVERIA V. undulata. See V. bracteata. summer–fall. Oblong, mid-green leaves are
rock garden or peat bed. Needs partial V. viridifolia. See V. bracteata. downy beneath. Z6–9 H9–6.
shade. May also be propagated by division BERBERIDACEAE V. viridifolia of gardens. See V. capensis. V. olympicum, illus. p.219.
in spring. Z7–9 H9–7. V. ‘Pink Domino’. Short-lived, rosette-
V. parvifolium, illus. p.163. Genus of perennials, some of which are x Venidioarctotis. See Arctotis. forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 1–2ft
V. vitis-idaea (Cowberry). Vigorous, evergreen, suitable for groundcover. (30–60cm). Produces branched racemes
evergreen, prostrate shrub, spreading Prefers partial shade and moist, peaty VERATRUM of 5-lobed, rose-pink flowers in summer
by underground runners. H 3⁄4–10in soil. Propagate by division in spring. above oval, mid-green leaves. Z5–9 H9–1.
(2–25cm), S indefinite. Forms hummocks V. chrysantha. Evergreen, sprawling LILIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE V. thapsiforme. See V. densiflorum.
of oval, hard, leathery leaves. Bell- perennial. H 12in (30cm), S indefinite.
shaped, white to pink flowers are borne Oval, dark green leaves borne on flower Genus of perennials, with poisonous VERBENA
in nodding racemes from early summer stems are divided into rounded diamond- black rhizomes, ideal for woodland
to fall, followed by spherical, bright shaped leaflets with thickened, undulating gardens. Requires partial shade and VERBENACEAE
red fruits in fall–winter. May also be margins. Loose sprays of small, bell- fertile, moist soil. Propagate by division
propagated by division in spring. Z2–6 shaped, yellow flowers are borne in Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
H6–1. subsp. minus, syn. V. vitis-idaea spring. Z6–8 H8–6. or seed in fall. T All parts are highly biennials and perennials, some of which
‘Minus’ illus. p.351. ‘Minus’. See V. vitis- V. hexandra. Vigorous, spreading are semievergreen. Prefers sun and well-
idaea subsp. minus. perennial. H 8in (20cm), S indefinite. toxic if ingested. Contact with the foliage drained soil. Propagate by stem cuttings
Leathery leaves are divided into almost may irritate skin. in late summer or fall or by seed in fall
VALERIANA hexagonal leaflets. Bears open sprays of V. album (False hellebore, White or spring.
many tiny, white flowers in late spring hellebore). Clump-forming perennial. H 6ft V. alpina of gardens. See Glandularia x
Valerian and early summer. Makes good woodland (2m), S 2ft (60cm). Basal leaves are pleated, maonettii.
groundcover. Z5–8 H8–5. oval and dark green. Stems bear dense, V. bonariensis, syn. V. patagonica, illus.
VALERIANACEAE terminal panicles of saucer-shaped, p.221.
yellowish-white flowers in summer. V. chamaedrifolia. See Glandularia
Genus of summer-flowering perennials H11–10. peruviana.
that are suitable for growing in borders V. nigrum, illus. p.216. V. chamaedrioides. See Glandularia
and rock gardens. Requires sun and well- peruviana.
drained soil. Propagate by division in fall, VANDA VERBASCUM V. x hortensis. See Glandularia x hybrida. 717
V. officinalis by seed in spring. V. x hybrida. See Glandularia x hybrida.
V. officinalis, illus. p.231. ORCHIDACEAE Mullein V. patagonica. See V. bonariensis.
V. phu ‘Aurea’, illus. p.262. V. rigida, syn. V. venosa, illus. p.269.
See also ORCHIDS. SCROPHULARIACEAE V. ‘Sissinghurst’. See Glandularia
VALLEA V. Rothschildiana gx, illus. p.466. ‘Sissinghurst’.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool or Genus of mainly summer-flowering V. tenera var. maonettii. See Glandularia
ELAEOCARPACEAE intermediate greenhouse. H 24in (60cm). perennials, some of which are x maonettii.
Sprays of dark-veined, violet-blue flowers, semievergreen or evergreen, and V. venosa. See V. rigida.
Genus of one species of evergreen shrub, 4in (10cm) across, are borne twice a year in evergreen biennials and shrubs. Prefers an
grown for its overall appearance. Prefers varying seasons. Has narrowly oval, rigid open, sunny site and well-drained soil.
full sun and rich, well-drained soil. Water leaves, 4–5in (10–12cm) long. Grow in a Propagate species by seed in spring or late
container plants freely in growing season, hanging basket and provide good light in summer or by root cuttings in winter,
summer. Z15 H12–10. selected forms by root cuttings only. Some
species self-seed freely.
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U VERONICA V. virginica. See Veronicastrum bears very fragrant, white flowers that are V. plicatum (Japanese snowball bush).
V virginicum. f. alba. See Veronicastrum slightly pink in bud, and older leaves turn Deciduous, bushy, spreading shrub. H 10ft
W Speedwell virginicum f. album. bright red in fall. Z4–8 H8–1. (3m), S 12ft (4m). Oval, toothed, deeply
V. x carlcephalum, illus. p.111. veined, dark green leaves turn reddish-
718 SCROPHULARIACEAE VERONICASTRUM V. carlesii, illus. p.146. ‘Diana’ is a purple in fall. Dense, rounded heads of
deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. H and S 6ft large, sterile, saucer-shaped, white flowers
Genus of perennials and subshrubs, some SCROPHULARIACEAE (2m). Broadly oval leaves are bronze when are borne along branches in late spring
of which are semievergreen or evergreen, young and turn purple-red in fall. From and early summer. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Mariesii’.
grown for their usually blue flowers. Some Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for mid- to late spring bears rounded heads See V. plicatum f. tomentosum ‘Mariesii’.
need sun and well-drained soil, others their pale blue flowers. Requires sun and of red buds that open to very fragrant, ‘Nanum Semperflorens’, syn. V.
prefer sun or partial shade and moist soil. moist soil. Propagate by division in spring tubular, pink flowers fading to white. plicatum ‘Watanabe’, V. plicatum
Propagate by division in spring or fall, by or fall, by softwood or semiripe cuttings in V. cinnamomifolium. Evergreen, bushy ‘Watenabei’, V. watenabei, H 6ft (2m), S 5ft
softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer summer or by seed in fall. or treelike shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Large, (1.5m), is slow-growing, conical and dense,
or by seed in fall. V. virginicum, syn. Veronica virginica oval leaves, with 3 prominent veins. Bears and produces small flower heads from
V. austriaca. Mat-forming or upright (Culver’s root). Upright perennial. H 4ft broad clusters of small, star-shaped, white late spring until early fall. Z6–8 H8–6.
perennial. H and S 10–20in (25–50cm). (1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). In late summer, flowers, in early summer, followed by egg- ‘Pink Beauty’ (illus. p.142) bears white
Leaves are very variable: from broadly racemes of small, star-shaped, purple-blue shaped, blue fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. flowers maturing to pink, and fruits freely.
oval to narrowly oblong, and from entire or pink flowers crown stems clothed with V. davidii, illus. p.165. f. tomentosum (Doublefile viburnum)
to deeply cut and fernlike. Short, dense whorls of narrowly lance-shaped, dark V. dilatatum (Arrow-wood). Deciduous, has tiered branches, flattish, lacecap-like
or lax racemes of small, saucer-shaped, green leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. f. album, syn. upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). flower heads and red fruits, ripening
bright blue flowers are produced in early Veronica virginica f. alba has small, white Oval, sharply toothed, dark green leaves to black. Z5–8 H8–1. f. tomentosum
summer. Is suitable for a rock garden or a flowers, with pink-flushed bases and pink sometimes redden in fall. Flat heads of ‘Mariesii’, syn. V. plicatum ‘Mariesii’,
bank. Z4–8 H8–2. subsp. teucrium, syn. anthers. ‘Fascination’ illus. p.220. small, star-shaped, white flowers, in late illus. p.110. ‘Watanabe’. See V. plicatum
V. teucrium illus. p.343. subsp. teucrium spring and early summer, are followed by ‘Nanum Semperflorens’. ‘Watenabei’.
‘Kapitan’, syn. V. prostrata ‘Kapitan’ illus. VESTIA egg-shaped, bright red fruits. Z5–8 H8–5. See V. plicatum ‘Nanum Semperflorens’.
p.343. subsp. teucrium ‘Royal Blue’ ‘Catskill’ illus. p.130. V. x pragense. See V. ‘Pragense’.
has deep royal-blue flowers. SOLANACEAE V. farreri, syn. V. fragrans, illus. p.143. V. ‘Pragense’, syn. V. x pragense, illus.
V. beccabunga, illus. p.442. ‘Candidissimum’ is a deciduous, upright p.131.
V. cinerea. Spreading, much-branched, Genus of one species of evergreen shrub, shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Oval, toothed, V. rhytidophyllum, illus. p.112.
woody-based perennial. H 6in (15cm), grown for its flowers and foliage. At the dark green leaves are pale green when V. sargentii (Sargent viburnum).
S 12in (30cm). Has small, linear, limits of hardiness is often cut to ground young. Produces clusters of fragrant, tubular, Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m).
occasionally oval, hairy, silvery-white level and is best grown against a south- pure white flowers in late fall and during Maple-like, mid-green leaves often turn
leaves. Trailing flower stems bear saucer- facing wall. Requires sun and well-drained mild periods in winter and early spring. yellow or red in fall. Broad, flattish, lace-
shaped, deep blue to purple flowers, with soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in V. foetens, syn. V. grandiflorum f. foetens, cap-like heads of tubular, white flowers
white eyes, in early summer. Is suitable summer or by seed in fall or spring. illus. p.143. in late spring are followed by spherical,
for a sunny rock garden. Z5–8 H8–5. V. foetida, syn. V. lycioides, illus. p.194. V. fragrans. See V. farreri. bright red fruits. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘Onondaga’,
V. exaltata. See V. longifolia. V. lycioides. See V. foetida. V. grandiflorum. Deciduous, upright, S6ft (2m), has bronze-red, young leaves,
V. fruticans (Rock speedwell). Deciduous, open shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Stiff branches becoming deep green, then bronze-red
upright to procumbent subshrub. H 6in VIBURNUM bear oblong, dark green leaves that again in fall. Flower buds are pink.
(15cm), S 12in (30cm). Leaves are oval and become deep purple in fall. Dense clusters V. sieboldii. Deciduous, rounded, dense
green. Spikes of saucer-shaped, bright blue CAPRIFOLIACEAE of fragrant, tubular, white-and-pink flowers shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 20ft (6m). Has large,
flowers, with red eyes, are borne in summer. open from deep pink buds from mid-winter oblong to oval, glossy, bright green leaves.
Is suitable for a rock garden. Z5–8 H8–5. Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or to early spring. Z6–8 H8–6. f. foetens. See Rounded heads of tubular, creamy-white
V. gentianoides, illus. p.271. evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for V. foetens. flowers are borne in late spring, followed
V. incana. See V. spicata subsp. incana. their foliage, fall color (in many deciduous V. x juddii, illus. p.146. by egg-shaped, red-stalked, red fruits that
V. longifolia, syn. V. exaltata. Variable, species), flowers and, often, fruits. Fruiting V. lantana (Wayfaring tree). Vigorous, ripen to black. Z5–8 H8–5.
upright perennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 1ft is generally most prolific when several deciduous, upright shrub. H 15ft (5m), V. tinus (Laurustinus). Evergreen, bushy,
(30cm) or more. In late summer and early plants of different clones are planted S 12ft (4m). Has broadly oval, gray-green compact shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has oval,
fall, long, terminal racemes of star-shaped, together. Needs sun or partial shade and leaves that redden in fall. Flattened heads dark green leaves. Freely produced flat
lilac-blue flowers are borne on stems with deep, fertile, not too dry soil. To thin out of small, tubular, 5-lobed, white flowers, in heads of small, white flowers open from
whorls of narrowly oval to lance-shaped, overgrown plants, cut out some older late spring and early summer, are followed pink buds in late winter and spring. Z8–10
toothed, mid-green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. shoots after flowering. Propagate by by egg-shaped, red fruits that ripen to H10–8. ‘Eve Price’ illus. p.143. ‘Gwenllian’
V. pectinata. Dense, mat-forming cuttings (softwood for deciduous species, black. Z4–8 H8–1. has flattened heads of small, star-shaped,
perennial that is sometimes semierect. semiripe for evergreens) in summer or V. lentago (Nannyberry, Sheepberry). pale pink flowers freely borne from deep
H and S 8in (20cm). Has small, narrowly Vigorous, deciduous, upright shrub. H 12ft pink buds amid oval, dark green leaves in
oval, hairy leaves. Bears loose sprays of by seed in fall. T The fruits of viburnums (4m), S 10ft (3m). Oval, glossy, dark green winter–spring and followed by abundant,
saucer-shaped, soft blue to blue-violet leaves turn red and purple in fall. Bears ovoid, blue fruits.
flowers in summer. Is good for a rock may cause mild stomach upset if ingested. flattened heads of small, fragrant, star- V. watenabei. See V. plicatum ‘Nanum
garden or a bank. Z2–7 H7–1. ‘Rosea’, H 3in See also feature panel p.142. shaped, white flowers, in late spring and Semperflorens’.
(8cm), has rose-lilac flowers. Z3–7 H7–1. V. acerifolium, illus. p.151. early summer, followed by egg-shaped,
V. peduncularis, illus. p.271. V. betulifolium, illus. p.142. Deciduous, blue-black fruits. Z2–8 H8–1. VIGNA
V. perfoliata. See Parahebe perfoliata. upright, arching shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). V. odoratissimum (Sweet viburnum).
V. prostrata, syn. V. rupestris, illus. p.343. Bright green leaves are slightly glossy Evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
‘Kapitan’. See V. austriaca subsp. teucrium beneath. Heads of small, tubular, white Clusters of small, fragrant, star-shaped,
‘Kapitan’. ‘Spode Blue’ is a dense, mat- flowers, in early summer, are followed by white flowers, borne amid oval, leathery, Genus of evergreen, annual and perennial,
forming perennial. H to 12in (30cm), profuse, nodding clusters of spherical, glossy, dark green leaves in late spring, erect or scrambling and twining climbers,
S indefinite. Upright spikes of small, saucer- bright red fruits in fall–winter. Z5–8 H8–5. are followed by egg-shaped, red fruits that grown mainly as crop plants for their
shaped, china-blue flowers are borne in V. bitchiuense, illus. p.122. ripen to black. Z8–10 H10–7. leaves, pods and seeds. Provide full light
early summer. Leaves are narrowly oval V. x bodnantense. Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Dawn’ V. opulus (European cranberry bush, and rich, well-drained soil. Water freely
and toothed. ‘Trehane’ illus. p.343. illus. p.143. ‘Deben’ is a deciduous, Guelder rose). Vigorous, deciduous, bushy when in full growth, sparingly at other
V. rupestris. See V. prostrata. upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Oval, shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Bears broadly times. Stems require support. Thin
V. spicata (Spiked speedwell). Clump- toothed, dark green leaves are bronze oval, lobed, deep green leaves that redden crowded stems or cut back hard in spring.
forming perennial. H 12–24in (30–60cm), when young. Clusters of fragrant, tubular, in fall and, in late spring and early summer, Propagate by seed in fall or spring.
S 18in (45cm). Spikes of small, star-shaped, white flowers, tinted with pale pink, are flattened, lacecap-like heads of tubular, V. caracalla, syn. Phaseolus caracalla
bright blue flowers are borne in summer borne during mild periods from late fall white flowers. Produces large bunches (Snail flower). Fast-growing, evergreen,
above narrowly oval, toothed, mid-green through to early spring. of spherical, bright red fruits. Z3–8 perennial, twining climber. H 10–15ft
leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. subsp. incana, syn. V. x burkwoodii. Semievergreen, bushy, H8–1. ‘Compactum’ illus. p.162. (3–5m). Leaves are divided into 3 oval
V. incana illus. p.271. ‘Romiley Purple’ open shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Rounded ‘Xanthocarpum’ has yellow fruits and leaflets. From summer to early fall
illus. p.239. heads of fragrant, tubular, pink, then white mid-green leaves that turn yellow in fall. produces pealike, purple-marked, cream
V. teucrium. See V. austriaca subsp. flowers are borne amid oval, glossy, dark flowers that turn orange-yellow. H12–10.
teucrium. green leaves from mid- to late spring. Z5–8
H8–1. ‘Anne Russell’, H and S 5ft (1.5m),
is deciduous and has very fragrant, white
flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Park Farm Hybrid’
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Villarsia nymphoides. See V. calcarata, illus. p.354. V. obliqua, syn. V. cucullata (Marsh blue flowering) has large flowers in wide color
Nymphoides peltata. V. cazorlensis. Tufted, woody-based violet). Variable, spreading perennial with range. Z8–11 H9–1. Panola Series
perennial. H to 2in (5cm), S to 3in (8cm). fleshy rhizomes. H 2in (5cm), S 4–6in (summer-flowering) produce large, bright
VINCA Has small, linear to lance-shaped leaves. In (10–15cm). Has kidney-shaped, toothed, yellow, black-centered flowers. Z8–11 H9–1.
late spring produces small, flat-faced, long- mid-green leaves. In late spring produces Princess Series (spring- to summer-
Periwinkle spurred, deep pink flowers, singly on short flat-faced, blue-violet, sometimes white or flowering) are neat in habit, and produce
stems. Is suitable for an alpine house. Is pale blue flowers. Propagate in spring. small flowers in blue, cream, bicolored
APOCYNACEAE difficult to grow. Z8–10 H10–8. Z4–9 H9–7. purple and white, dark purple or yellow.
V. cenisia. Spreading perennial with V. odorata (English violet, Garden violet, Z8–11 H9–1. ‘Silver Princess’ (summer-
Genus of evergreen, trailing subshrubs runners. H 3in (7cm), S 4in (10cm). Small, Sweet violet). Semievergreen, spreading, flowering) has white flowers, each with a
and perennials, grown for their foliage flat-faced, bright violet flowers, with deep rhizomatous perennial. H 3in (7cm), S 6in deep pink blotch. Z8–11 H9–1. Sorbet
and flowers. Flowers are tubular with purple line radiating from center, are (15cm) or more. Leaves are heart-shaped Series (winter- to spring-flowering) has
5 spreading lobes. Is useful for produced on very short stems in summer. and toothed. Long stems bear solitary, small flowers, with or without whiskers, in
groundcover in shade, but flowers more Has deep taproot and tiny, heart-shaped fragrant, flat-faced, violet or white flower more than 20 color combinations. Z8–11
freely given some sun. Tolerates any soil or oblong, dark green leaves. Is suitable from late winter to early spring. Is useful in H9–1. ‘Sorbet Black Delight’, illus.
that is not too dry. Propagate by semiripe for a scree. Propagate by division in spring. a wild garden. Self-seeds prolifically. May p.312. ‘Super Chalon Giants’ (summer-
cuttings in summer or by division from fall Z8–10 H10–8. also be propagated by division. Z6–8 H8–6. to autumn-flowering) have ruffled and
V. cornuta (Horned violet). Rhizomatous V. palmata. Spreading perennial. H 4in waved, bicolored flowers. Z8–11 H9–1.
to spring. T All parts may cause mild perennial. H 5–8in (12–20cm), S 8in (20cm) (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Has deeply dissected ‘True Blue’ (winter- to summer-flowering)
or more. Has oval, toothed leaves and leaves. Short-stemmed, flat-faced, pale bears large, clear sky-blue flowers with
stomach upset if ingested. flat-faced, angular, spurred, pale to deep violet flowers are produced in late spring. small, yellow eyes. Z4–8 H9–1. Ultima
V. difformis. Evergreen, prostrate purplish-blue, occasionally white flowers Prefers dry, well-drained soil. Self-seeds Radiance Series (winter- to spring-
subshrub. H 12in (30cm), S indefinite. in spring and much of summer. Z6–9 H9–1. readily. Z8–9 H9–8. flowering) has large, neatly rounded
Slender, trailing stems bear oval, glossy, ‘Minor’ illus. p.356. V. pedata, illus. p.355. var. bicolor is a flowers in up to 30 color combinations.
dark green leaves. Erect flower stems V. cucullata. See V. obliqua. clump-forming perennial with a thick Z8–11 H9–1, illus. p.313. Ultima Series
produce pale blue flowers in late fall and V. elatior. Upright, little-branched rootstock. H 2in (5cm), S 3in (8cm). Solitary, (winter- to spring-flowering) have medium-
early winter. Z8–9 H9–8. perennial. H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 6in (15cm). flat-faced, velvety-purple or white flowers sized flowers in very broad range of colors,
V. major (Blue buttons). Evergreen, Leaves are broadly lance-shaped and are borne on slender stems in late spring including bicolors. Z8–11 H9–1. Universal
prostrate, arching subshrub. H 18in (45cm), toothed. Produces flat-faced, pale blue and early summer. Leaves are finely divided Series (winter- to spring-flowering)
S indefinite. Leaves are broadly oval, glossy flowers, with white centers, in early summer. into 5–7 or more, narrow, toothed segments. produce flowers in an extensive range of
and dark green. Large, bright blue flowers Prefers partial shade and moist soil. Is suitable for an alpine house. May be separate colors as well as in mixture of
are produced from late spring to early fall. Propagate in spring by division. Z5–8 H8–5. difficult to grow; needs peaty, sandy soil. colors. Z8–11 H9–1.
Z7–9 H9–7. subsp. hirsuta. See V. major V. glabella (Stream violet). Clump- V. reniforme. See V. hederacea.
var. oxyloba. var. oxyloba, syn. V. major forming perennial with a scaly, horizontal V. riviniana Purpurea Group, syn. VIRGILIA U
subsp. hirsuta has leaves, leaf stalks and rootstock. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). V. labradorica ‘Purpurea’, V. riviniana V
calyces edged with long hairs. ‘Variegata’ Produces flat-faced, bright yellow flowers, ‘Purpurea’, illus. p.355. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE W
illus. p.164. with purplish-veined lower petals, in late V. ‘Sunvioki’. See V. x wittrockiana
V. minor, illus. p.165. ‘Alba Variegata’ spring above heart-shaped, toothed, bright FRIOLINA GOLD. Genus of short-lived, evergreen shrubs and
is an evergreen, prostrate subshrub. H 6in green leaves. Needs shade. Propagate by V. tricolor, illus. p.355. ‘Bowles’ Black’. trees, grown for their flowers which are
(15cm), S indefinite. Forms extensive mats division in spring. Z5–8 H8–5. See V. ‘Bowles’s Black’.‘Green Goddess’. borne in spring and summer. Prefers full
of small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves, V. gracilis. Mat-forming perennial. H 5in See V. ‘Green Goddess’. light and well-drained soil. Water container
edged with pale yellow, above which white (12cm), S 6in (15cm) or more. Flat-faced, V. x wittrockiana (Pansy). Group of slow- plants freely when in growth, less at other
flowers are borne from mid-spring to early yellow-centered, violet-blue or sometimes to moderately fast-growing, mainly bushy times. Propagate in spring by seed, ideally
summer, then intermittently into fall. yellow flowers are produced in summer. perennials, usually grown as annuals or soaked in warm water for 24 hours before
‘Bowles’ Blue’. See V. minor ‘La Grave’. Has small, dissected leaves, with linear or biennials. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 8in (20cm). sowing.
‘Bowles’ White’ bears large, white oblong segments. Needs sun. Z5–8 H8–5. Have oval, often serrated, mid-green V. capensis. See V. oroboides.
flowers that are pinkish-white in bud. V. ‘Green Goddess’, syn. V. tricolor leaves. Flattish, 5-petaled flowers, 1–4in V. oroboides, syn. V. capensis. Fast-
‘Gertrude Jekyll’ is of dense growth ‘Green Goddess’, illus. p.318. (2.5–10cm) across, in very wide color range, growing, evergreen, rounded shrub or tree.
and produces a profusion of small, white V. ‘Haslemere’. See V. ‘Nellie Britton’. are produced throughout summer or in H and S 20–30ft (6–10m). Has leaves divided
flowers. Flowers of ‘La Grave’, syn. V. hederacea, syn. V. reniforme, Erpetion winter–spring. Z6–9 H9–1. The following into 11–21 oblong leaflets. Racemes of
V. minor ‘Bowles’ Blue’ are large and reniforme (Australian violet, Ivy-leaved are among those available: Angel Series fragrant, pealike, bright mauve-pink
lavender-blue. violet, Trailing violet). Evergreen, creeping, ‘Tiger Eye’ (spring-flowering), illus. p.323. flowers, sometimes pink, crimson or white,
V. rosea. See Catharanthus roseus. mat-forming perennial. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), ‘Baby Lucia’ (summer-flowering) has are produced in late spring and summer,
S indefinite. Has tiny, rounded leaves small, deep blue flowers. Clear Crystals usually in great profusion. Z10–11 H12–10.
VIOLA and bears purple or white flowers, with Series (summer-flowering) is in wide
squashed appearance, on short stems range of clear colors. Z8–11 H9–1. ‘Clear Viscaria alpina. See Lychnis alpina.
Pansy, Violet in summer. Is suitable for growing in Sky Primrose’ (winter- to spring- Viscaria elegans. See Silene coeli-rosa.
an alpine house. Prefers partial shade. flowering) produces primrose-yellow
VIOLACEAE Propagate by division in spring. Z8–9 H9–8. flowers brushed in canary-yellow. Z4–8 VITALIANA
V. ‘Huntercombe Purple’, illus. p.368. H9–1. Crystal Bowl Series (summer-
Genus of annuals, perennials, some of V. ‘Irish Molly’. Evergreen, clump- flowering) are in range of colors, including PRIMULACEAE
which are semievergreen, and deciduous forming, short-lived perennial. H 4in yellow. Z8–11 H9–1. Floral Dance Series
subshrubs, grown for their 5-petaled (10cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has broadly (winter-flowering), illus. p.308 have wide Genus of one species of evergreen, spring-
flowers. Annuals are suitable as summer oval, dissected leaves and, in summer, range of colors, including white. Z8–11 flowering perennial, grown for its flowers.
bedding, perennials and subshrubs are a succession of flat-faced, old-gold H12–1. Forerunner Series (winter- to Is often included in Douglasia and is useful
good in rock gardens, screes and alpine flowers, with brown centers. Flowers spring-flowering) bear medium-sized for rock gardens, screes and alpine houses.
houses. Needs sun or partial shade and itself to death. Needs sun. Z5–7 H7–5. flowers in range of bright, single colors Requires sun and moist but well-drained
moist but well-drained soil unless V. ‘Jackanapes’, illus. p.359. and bicolors. Z8–11 H12–1. FRIOLINA GOLD soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
otherwise stated; a few species prefer V. Joker Series, illus. p.312. (‘Sunvioki’) (summer-flowering) has summer or by seed in fall.
acidic soil. Propagate annuals by seed V. labradorica ‘Purpurea’. See V. yellow flowers, with faintly streaked orange V. primuliflora, syn. Douglasia vitaliana,
sown according to flowering season, riviniana Purpurea Group. centers. Is ideal for a hanging basket. illus. p.358.
perennials and subshrubs by softwood V. lutea (Mountain pansy). Mat-forming, Z8–11 H9–1. Imperial Series ‘Imperial
cuttings in spring unless otherwise stated, rhizomatous perennial. H 4in (10cm), Frosty Rose’, illus. p.312. Imperial VITEX 719
species also by seed in spring or fall. S 6in (15cm). Has small, oval to lance- Series ‘Orange Prince’ (summer-
V. aetolica, illus. p.359. shaped leaves. Flat-faced, yellow, violet or flowering) has orange flowers with black VERBENACEAE/LAMIACEAE
V. biflora (Twin-flowered violet). bicolored flowers are produced in spring– blotches. Z8–11 H9–1. Imperial Series
Creeping, rhizomatous perennial. H 2–6in summer. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Sky Blue’ (summer-flowering) has sky- Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees and
(5–15cm), S 6in (15cm). Flat-faced, deep V. ‘Nellie Britton’, syn. V. ‘Haslemere’, blue flowers, with deeper-colored blotch. shrubs, grown for their flowers. At limits
lemon-yellow flowers, veined dark brown, illus. p.367. Z8–11 H9–1. ‘Majestic Giants’ (summer- of hardiness grow against a south- or west-
are borne singly or in pairs on upright facing wall. Needs full sun and well-drained
stems in summer. Leaves are kidney- soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
shaped and mid-green. Needs shade. May summer or by seed in fall or spring.
be propagated by division. Z4–8 H8–1. V. agnus-castus (Chaste tree).
V. ‘Bowles’s Black’, syn. V. tricolor
‘Bowles’ Black’, illus. p.355.
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VITIS
Deciduous, spreading, open, aromatic rosettes. H and S 12–16in (30–40cm). Pale Is useful for alpine houses. Needs a W. meriana, illus. p.385.
shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Upright green leaves, with dark lines and cross- sheltered site, partial shade and well- W. pillansii, syn. W. beatricis, illus. p.386.
panicles of fragrant, tubular, violet-blue bands, are very broadly strap-shaped and drained, peaty, sandy soil. Propagate W. pyramidata. See W. borbonica.
flowers are borne in early and mid-fall. arching or rolled under at tips. In summer, by seed in fall.
Dark green leaves are divided into 5 or 7 flat racemes of tubular, yellowish-green W. albomarginata (New Zealand Wattakaka sinensis. See Dregea
long, narrowly lance-shaped leaflets. flowers, with green bracts, are borne above bluebell). Basal-rosetted, rhizomatous sinensis.
Z6–9 H9–6. the foliage. Z14–15 H12–10. perennial. H and S 6in (15cm) or more.
V. negundo (Chaste tree). Deciduous, V. fosteriana. Evergreen, epiphytic Slender stems bear solitary, bell-shaped, WEIGELA
bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Mid- perennial with dense, funnel-shaped clear blue flower that opens flat in summer.
green leaves are divided into 3–7 rosettes. H and S 24in (60cm) or more. Has narrowly elliptic to oval, mid-green CAPRIFOLIACEAE
narrowly oval, sharply toothed leaflets. Has broadly strap-shaped, arching, leaves in tufts. Is good in a rock garden.
Has loose panicles of small, tubular, yellowish- to deep green leaves, cross- Z6–7 H7–6. Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
violet-blue flowers from late summer banded with reddish-brown, particularly W. congesta, syn. W. saxicola var. their funnel-shaped flowers. Fully hardy.
to early fall. Z6–9 H9–6. beneath. In summer–fall, flat spikes congesta. Mat-forming, creeping, Prefers sun and fertile soil. To maintain
of tubular, pale yellow or greenish- rhizomatous perennial. H 3in (7cm), vigor, prune out a few older branches to
VITIS yellow flowers, with brownish-red tips, S 4in (10cm). Has small, rounded or ground level, after flowering each year.
are produced well above foliage. Z14–15 spoon-shaped, mid-green leaves. In Straggly, old plants may be pruned hard
Grape H12–10. summer, solitary, bell-shaped, lavender- in spring (although this will lose one
V. hieroglyphica. Evergreen, epiphytic blue or white flowers are borne on wiry season’s flowers). Propagate by softwood
VITACEAE perennial with dense, funnel-shaped stems. Z8–10 H10–8. cuttings in summer.
rosettes. H and S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). W. saxicola var. congesta. See W. W. ‘Bristol Ruby’. Vigorous, deciduous,
Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed, Produces broadly strap-shaped, arching, congesta. upright shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Deep
tendril climbers, grown for their foliage yellowish-green leaves, cross-banded and W. serpyllifolia. See Edraianthus red flowers open from darker buds amid
and fruits (grapes), which are produced in checkered with dark brownish-green. In serpyllifolius. oval, toothed, mid-green leaves in late
bunches. Prefers sun or partial shade and summer bears panicles of tubular, yellow spring and early summer. Z4–9 H9–4.
fertile, well-drained, chalky soil. Produces flowers well above the leaves. Z11–12 WALDSTEINIA W. ‘Candida’. Deciduous, bushy shrub.
the best fruits and fall leaf color when H12–1. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Pure white flowers are
planted in a warm situation. Propagate V. platynema. Variable, evergreen, ROSACEAE produced in late spring and early summer.
by hardwood cuttings in late fall. epiphytic perennial with dense, funnel- Leaves are oval, toothed and bright green.
V. aconitifolia. See Ampelopsis shaped rosettes. H and S 24in (60cm). Genus of semievergreen, creeping Z5–9 H9–5.
aconitifolia. Broadly strap-shaped, mid- to light green perennials with runners. Makes good W. ‘Eva Rathke’. Deciduous, upright,
V. amurensis (Amur grape). Vigorous, leaves, with purple tips, form dense groundcover. Needs sun and well-drained dense shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has oval,
deciduous, woody-stemmed, tendril rosettes. In summer, flat racemes of tubular, soil. Propagate by division in early spring. toothed, dark green leaves. Broad-
climber. H 20ft (6m). Bears 3- or 5-lobed, green-and-yellow flowers, with red or W. ternata, syn. W. trifolia, illus. p.372. mouthed, crimson flowers open from
dark green leaves, 5–12in (12–30cm) long, yellow bracts, are produced. Z14–15 H12–1. W. trifolia. See W. ternata. darker buds from late spring to early
that mature to red and purple in fall. Has V. psittacina. Evergreen, spreading, summer. Z5–9 H9–5.
inconspicuous flowers, in summer, epiphytic perennial with dense, funnel- WASHINGTONIA W. florida. Deciduous, arching shrub.
followed by tiny, black fruits. Z4–9 H9–1. shaped rosettes. H and S 16–24in (40–60cm). H and S 8ft (2.5m). Bears deep pink flowers,
V. ‘Brant’, illus. p.208. Deciduous, woody- Has strap-shaped, arching, pale green ARECACEAE/PALMAE pale pink to white inside, in late spring and
leaves. Flat spikes of tubular, yellow early summer. Oval, toothed leaves are
U stemmed, tendril climber. H to 22ft (7m) flowers, with green tips, emerging from Genus of evergreen palms, grown for mid-green. Z5–8 H8–4. ‘Foliis Purpureis’
V or more. Lobed, toothed, bright green red-and-yellow or red-and-green bracts, their stately appearance. Needs full sun illus. p.153. ‘Variegata’ illus. p.152.
are borne above foliage in summer–fall. and fertile, well-drained soil. Water W. ‘Looymansii Aurea’. Weak-
leaves, 10–22cm (4–9in) long, mature in Z14–15 H12–1. container specimens freely in summer, growing, deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft
V. splendens (Flaming sword), illus. p.471. moderately at other times. Remove skirt (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). From late spring
W fall to brown-red, except for veins. Has Evergreen, epiphytic perennial with dense, of persistent dead leaves regularly as through to early summer produces pale
inconspicuous flowers, in summer, funnel-shaped rosettes. H and S 12in they are a fire risk. Propagate by seed in pink flowers amid oval, toothed, golden-
followed by green or purple fruits. (30cm). Has strap-shaped, arching, olive- spring at not less than 75°F (24°C). Red yellow leaves, with narrow red rims.
V. coignetiae, illus. p.209. green leaves, with purple to reddish-brown spider mite may be a nuisance. Needs protection from hot afternoon
V. davidii. Deciduous, woody-stemmed, cross-bands. Bears flat, sword-shaped W. filifera (Northern washingtonia). Fast- sun. Z5–8 H7–4.
tendril climber. H to 25ft (8m) or more. racemes of tubular, yellow flowers, growing, evergreen palm. H and S to 80ft W. middendorffiana, illus. p.159.
Young stems are densely covered with between bright red bracts, in summer–fall. (25m). Has fan-shaped, long-stalked, gray- W. praecox. Deciduous, upright shrub.
short prickles. Heart-shaped, dark green Z14–15 H12–1. green leaves, each lobe with a filamentous H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Fragrant, pink
leaves, 4–10in (10–25cm) long, are blue- tip. Long-stalked clusters of tiny, creamy- flowers, marked inside with yellow, are
or gray-green beneath, turning scarlet x Vuylstekeara Cambria gx white flowers, in summer, are followed produced in late spring. Leaves are bright
in fall. Insignificant, greenish flowers in ‘Lensing’s Favorite’. See x Oncidopsis by berry-like, black fruits in winter. Z8–11 green, oval and toothed. Z5–7 H7–4.
summer are followed by small, black Cambria gx ‘Lensing’s Favorite’. H12–8. ‘Variegata’ has leaves with broad,
fruits. Z7–10 H10–7. W. robusta, illus. p.451. creamy-white margins.
V. henryana. See Parthenocissus henryana. WACHENDORFIA
V. heterophylla. See Ampelopsis WATSONIA Weingartia neocumingii. See Rebutia
brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii. HAEMODORACEAE neocumingii.
V. quinquefolia. See Parthenocissus IRIDACEAE
quinquefolia. Genus of summer-flowering perennials WEINMANNIA
V. striata. See Cissus striata. with deep roots, to guard against frost. Genus of clump-forming corms, Gladiolus-
V. vinifera (Grape vine). ‘Purpurea’ Requires full sun and moist soil. Propagate like in overall appearance, although flowers CUNONIACEAE
illus. p.210. by division in spring or by seed in fall or are more tubular. Requires an open, sunny
spring. position and light, well-drained soil. Plant Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
720 VRIESEA W. thyrsiflora. Clump-forming perennial. in fall, 4–6in (10–15cm) deep; protect with grown for their foliage, flowers and
H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Shallowly bracken, loose peat or similar during first overall appearance. Requires partial
BROMELIACEAE cup-shaped, yellow to orange flowers winter, if frost is expected. Feed with slow- shade or full light and rich, well-drained
are produced in dense panicles in early acting fertilizer, such as bonemeal, in but not dry soil, ideally neutral to acidic.
Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming, summer. Mid-green leaves are narrowly summer. Corms are best left undisturbed Water container plants freely when
epiphytic perennials, grown for their sword-shaped, pleated and rather coarse. to form clumps. Propagate by seed in fall. in growth, moderately at other times.
flowers and overall appearance. Needs Z9–10 H10–9. W. beatricis. See W. pillansii. Pruning is tolerated if needed. Propagate
partial shade and a rooting medium of W. borbonica, syn. W. pyramidata, illus. by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
equal parts rich soil and either sphagnum WAHLENBERGIA p.386. in summer.
moss or bark or plastic chips used for W. fourcadei. Clump-forming, summer- W. trichosperma. Evergreen, ovoid
orchid culture. Using soft water, water CAMPANULACEAE flowering corm. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 1–11/2ft to round-headed tree. H 40ft (12m) or
moderately when in growth, sparingly at (30–45cm). Sword-shaped, erect leaves are more, S 25–30ft (8–10m). Glossy, rich
other times, and from mid-spring to mid- Genus of summer-flowering annuals, mostly basal. Has dense spike of tubular, green leaves are divided into 9–19 oval,
fall keep rosette centers filled with water. biennials and short-lived perennials, 6-lobed, salmon-red flowers, 3–31/2in boldly toothed leaflets that are borne
Propagate plants by offsets or seed in grown for their bell-shaped flowers. (8–9cm) long. Z9–10 H10–9. on winged midrib. Spikes of tiny,
spring. See also feature panel p.471.
V. fenestralis. Evergreen, epiphytic
perennial with dense, funnel-shaped
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fragrant, white flowers, with pink Wilcoxia albiflora. See Echinocereus ‘Hon-beni’ (illus. p.205). See W. single, lilac-blue to pale violet-blue U
stamens, are produced in early summer. leucanthus. floribunda ‘Rosea’. ‘Lawrence’ has flowers. Z5–8 H8–5. V
Z8–10 H10–7. Wilcoxia schmollii. See Echinocereus densely packed racemes of pale violet- W. venusta. See W. brachybotrys ‘Shiro- W
schmollii. blue flowers, with greenish-yellow bases kapitan’. f. alba. See W. brachybotrys
WELDENIA x Wilsonara Hambühren Stern gx on standards and darker blue-violet on ‘Shiro-kapitan’. ‘Alba’. See W. 721
‘Cheam’. See Oncidium Hambühren keel and wing petals, borne in spring. brachybotrys ‘Shiro-kapitan’. ‘Alba
COMMELINACEAE Stern gx ‘Cheam’. Z5–9 H9–3. ‘Macrobotrys’. See W. Plena’. See W. brachybotrys ‘Shiro-
x Wilsonara Wigg’s gx ‘Kay’. See floribunda ‘Multijuga’. ‘Multijuga’, syn. kapitan’. f. violacea. See W. brachybotrys
Genus of one species of summer-flowering, Oncidium Memoria Commander Wiggs gx W. floribunda ‘Macrobotrys’ has lilac-blue ‘Murasaki-kapitan’. ‘Violacea’. See W.
tuberous perennial, grown for its flowers. ‘Kay’. flowers in racemes 3–4ft (90–120cm) long. brachybotrys ‘Murasaki-kapitan’.
Is suitable for alpine houses. Needs sun Wintera aromatica. See Drimys winteri. ‘Rosea’, syn. W. floribunda ‘Hon-beni’
and gritty, well-drained soil. Keep dry from (illus. p.205) has racemes, 12–16in (30– WOLFFIA
fall until growth restarts in late winter. WISTERIA 40cm) long, of dark purplish-pink flowers
Propagate by root cuttings in winter or with yellow mark on standard bases. Z5–9 LEMNACEAE
by division in early spring. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE H9–3. ‘Shiro Noda’. See W. floribunda
W. candida, illus. p.348. ‘Alba’. ‘Violacea Plena’ is similar to Genus of semievergreen, perennial,
Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed, W.f. ‘Yae-kokuryu’, but has double, floating water plants, grown for their
WELWITSCHIA twining climbers, grown for their lavender-purple flowers and no dark curiosity value as the smallest known
fragrant, pealike flowers in pendent purple-indigo central petals. ‘Yae- flowering plants. Is ideal for cold-water
WELWITSCHIACEAE racemes. Is suitable for walls and pergolas kokuryu’, syn. W. floribunda ‘Black aquariums. Needs a sunny position.
and for growing against buildings and Dragon’, W. x formosa ‘Black Dragon’, Remove excess plantlets as required.
Genus of one species of evergreen, trees. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained W. x formosa ‘Double Black Dragon’ (illus. Propagate by redistribution of plantlets
desert-growing perennial with a deep soil. Prune after flowering and again in p.205) has racemes, 14in (35cm) long, of as required.
taproot. Has only 2 leaves, which lie on late winter. Propagate by bench grafting slightly ragged, fully double, lilac-purple W. arrhiza. Semievergreen, perennial,
the ground and grow continuously from in winter or by seed in fall or spring. flowers, with dark purple-indigo centers. floating water plant. S indefinite. Leaves
the base for up to 100 years. Requires Plants grown from seed may not flower Z5–9 H9–3. are rounded and mid-green. Insignificant,
sun and sharply drained soil. Needs for some years and often have poor W. x formosa (W. floribunda x W. greenish flowers appear year-round.
desert conditions: may succeed in a sinensis). Vigorous, twining climber. Z8–10 H10–8.
mixture of stone chips and leaf mold, flowers. T All parts may cause severe H 28ft (9m) or more. Has pinnate leaves
in a length of drainpipe to take its long divided into 9–15 broadly ovate to elliptic WOLLEMIA
taproot. Propagate by seed when ripe. discomfort if ingested. See also feature leaflets. Fragrant, pealike, violet-blue
W. bainesii. See W. mirabilis. panel p.205. flowers, with white and yellow markings, ARAUCARIACEAE
W. mirabilis, syn. W. bainesii. Evergreen W. brachybotrys (Silky wisteria). are borne in pendent racemes, to 10in
perennial with a short, woody trunk. Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining (25cm) long, in late spring and early Genus of conifers with narrowly oblong,
H to 12in (30cm), S indefinite. Has 2 strap- climber. H to 28ft (9m) or more. Softly summer, and are often followed by pointed, needlelike, dark green leaves set
shaped leaves, to 8ft (2.5m) long, with tips hairy leaves are divided into 9–13 oval beanlike, velvety green seed pods. Z6–9 opposite each other along shoot. See also
splitting to form many tendril-like strips. leaflets. Racemes, 4–6in (10–15cm) long, H9–6. ‘Black Dragon’. See W. floribunda CONIFERS.
Bears small, reddish-brown cones. of scented, pealike, violet to white flowers, ‘Yae-kokuryu’. ‘Double Black Dragon’. W. nobilis, illus. p.96.
Z13–15 H12–10. with yellow blotch at base of upper petal, See W. floribunda ‘Yae-kokuryu’.
are borne in early summer. Sometimes W. frutescens (American wisteria), illus WOODSIA
WESTRINGIA flowers again sparsely in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. p.205. Deciduous, woody-stemmed
f. alba. See W. brachybotrys ‘Shiro- twining vine with pinnately compound DRYOPTERIDACEAE
LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE kapitan’. ‘Alba’. See W. brachybotrys leaves composed of 9–15 bright green,
‘Shiro-kapitan’. ‘Alba Plena’. See W. oblong to lance-shaped leaflets. H 25–30ft Genus of deciduous ferns, suitable for rock
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for brachybotrys ‘Shiro-kapitan’. ‘Murasaki- (8–10m). Fragrant, lilac to pale purple, gardens and alpine houses. Prefers partial
their flowers and overall appearance. kapitan’, syn. W. venusta f. violacea, W. pealike flowers bloom in drooping shade and fertile, moist but very well-
Requires full light and well-drained venusta ‘Violacea’ has deep blue-violet clusters during early summer after the drained soil. May be difficult to cultivate:
soil. Water container specimens flowers, with white, slightly yellow-tinged foliage has emerged. In late summer, crowns of plants must sit above soil to
moderately when in full growth, less at markings on standards. f. plena. See 3–4in (8–10cm) long, beanlike olive-green avoid rotting. Propagate by division in
other times. Propagate by seed in spring W. brachybotrys ‘Shiro-kapitan’. ‘Shiro- seedpods form; these hang on into winter early spring.
or by semiripe cuttings in late summer. kapitan’, syn. W. brachybotrys f. alba, before splitting and ejecting the seeds. W. polystichoides (Holly-fern woodsia).
W. fruticosa, syn. Westringiana W. brachybotrys ‘Alba’, W. brachybotrys Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Amethyst Falls’, (illus. Deciduous, tufted fern. H 4–12in (10–30cm),
rosmariniformis, illus. p.453. ‘Alba Plena’, W. brachybotrys f. plena, p.205) has fragrant flowers with a bluish S 8–16in (20–40cm). In early spring has
W. venusta, W. venusta f. alba, W. venusta tint. ‘Longwood Purple’ (illus. p.205) lance-shaped, divided, pale green fronds,
Westringiana rosmariniformis. See ‘Alba’, W. venusta ‘Alba Plena’, (illus. has flowers with a deeper purple color to 14in (35cm) long, softly hairy on both
Westringia fruticosa. p.205) has white flowers with yellow stain than the species. ‘Nivea’ is a white- surfaces and scaly beneath; each is divided
at base of each standard. Occasionally flowered selection. into 15–30 pairs of narrowly sickle-shaped
WIGANDIA bears double flowers. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘White W. macrostachya (Kentucky wisteria). or oblong pinnae, with slightly toothed
Silk’ (illus. p.205) is similar to W.b. Deciduous, woody-stemmed twining vine margins. May be damaged by late frosts.
HYDROPHYLLACEAE ‘Shiro-kapitan’ but produces much longer with pinnately compound leaves composed Z4–8 H8–1.
racemes. Z5–8 H8–5. of 8 to 10 bright green, lance-shaped
Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs, W. chinensis. See W. sinensis. leaflets. H 15–25ft (4–8m). The fragrant, lilac WOODWARDIA
grown for their flowers and foliage. Needs W. floribunda (Japanese wisteria). purple flowers bloom in dense, drooping
full light and moist but well-drained soil. Vigorous twining climber. H 28ft (9m) or racemes in early- to mid-summer. Slightly Chain fern
Water container plants freely when in full more. Has pinnate leaves divided into twisted, olive green, beanlike seedpods BLECHNACEAE
growth, moderately at other times. Cut 11–19 ovate to lance-shaped leaflets. In develop in late summer and persist into
down flowered stems in spring to prevent early summer, fragrant, pealike, blue to winter. Z4–9 H9–4. ‘Abbeville Blue’ has Genus of evergreen or deciduous ferns.
plants from becoming straggly. Propagate violet, pink or white flowers, are produced bluish purple flowers. ‘Clara Mack’ has Prefers partial shade and fibrous, moist,
by seed or softwood cuttings in spring. in pendent racemes, to 12in (30cm) or white flowers. peaty soil. Remove faded fronds regularly.
Whitefly is sometimes troublesome. more long, the flowers opening gradually W. sinensis, syn. W. chinensis (Chinese Propagate by division in spring.
from bases to tips. Standards are marked wisteria). Vigorous, deciduous, woody- W. radicans (European chain fern).
T Contact with foliage may aggravate with white and yellow. Flowers are often stemmed, twining climber. H to 100ft Vigorous, evergreen, spreading fern. H 4ft
followed by beanlike, velvety green seed (30m). Has leaves divided into 11 leaflets. (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Large, broadly lance-
skin allergies. pods. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Alba’, syn. W. Fragrant, pealike, lilac or pale violet shaped, coarsely divided, arching, mid-
W. caracasana. Evergreen, erect, sparsely floribunda ‘Shiro Noda’ illus. p.196. bears flowers, in racemes 8–12in (20–30cm) long, green fronds have narrowly oval pinnae.
branched shrub. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3–6ft white flowers in racemes 24in (60cm) in early summer, are followed by velvety Z8–9 H9–8.
(1–2m). Produces oval, wavy-edged, long. ‘Black Dragon’. See W. floribunda seed pods. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Alba’ has strongly W. unigemmata (Asian chain fern).
toothed, deep green leaves, 18in (45cm) ‘Yae-kokuryu’. ‘Domino’ has blue-violet scented, white flowers. Z5–8 H8–5. Evergreen, spreading fern. H 3ft (1m),
long and covered with white hairs beneath. flowers with light purple-blue standards, ‘Prolific’ (illus. p.205) bears masses of S 10ft (3m). Is very similar to W. radicans,
Produces 5-petaled, violet-purple flowers, marked yellow at base, and darker purple- but new foliage emerges brilliant red
in large, terminal clusters, in spring–fall. blue wing and keel petals, borne in spring and fades to brown and then green.
Is often grown annually from seed for its and sometimes again in fall. Z5–9 H9–3. Z8–9 H9–8.
leaves. Z13–15 H12–.
Wigginsia vorwerkiana. See Parodia
erinacea.
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WORSLEYA XYZ cultivated in the tropics for their edible X. tenax (Bear grass). Clump-forming
tubers. Requires partial shade, rich, moist perennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 1–2ft (30–
Blue amaryllis XANTHOCERAS soil and a moist atmosphere at all times. 60cm). Star-shaped, white flowers, with
AMARYLLIDACEAE Propagate by division year-round or by violet anthers, are borne in dense, terminal
Genus of one species of evergreen, winter- SAPINDACEAE stem cuttings in spring or summer. racemes in summer. Has tufted, linear,
flowering bulb, with a neck up to 21/2ft X. nigrum, syn. X. violaceum. Stemless rough-margined, mid-green, basal leaves,
(75cm) high crowned by a tuft of leaves Genus of one species of deciduous, spring- perennial with large, underground tubers glaucous blue-green beneath. Z5–8 H8–5.
and a leafless flower stem. Needs full sun to summer-flowering shrub or tree, grown and leaves rising from ground level. H and
and moist but well-drained soil, or potting for its foliage and flowers. Requires sun S 4ft (1.2m). Purplish leaf stalks, 2ft (60cm) YUCCA
medium mixed with osmunda fiber, perlite and fertile, well-drained soil. Does best in or more long, bear arrow-shaped, dark
or bark chips and some leaf mold. Soil areas with hot summers. Propagate by seed green leaf blades, 28in (70cm) long, with SYN. HESPEROYUCCA
should never dry out. Propagate by seed in fall or by root cuttings or suckers in late purple midribs and veins. Intermittently
in spring. winter. Is susceptible to coral spot fungus. bears greenish-purple spathes, yellower AGAVACEAE
W. procera. See W. rayneri. X. sorbifolium, illus. p.112. within, surrounding brownish spadix.
W. rayneri, syn. W. procera, Hippeastrum Z8–10 H11–1. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
procerum. Evergreen, winter-flowering XANTHOPHTHALMUM X. sagittifolium, illus. p.474. grown for the architectural value of their
bulb. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). X. violaceum. See X. nigrum. bold, sword-shaped, clustered leaves and
Bears long, strap-shaped, strongly curved COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE showy panicles of usually white flowers.
leaves and up to 14 funnel-shaped, lilac- XERANTHEMUM Makes fine container-grown plants.
blue flowers, 6in (15cm) long, with wavy- Genus of annuals, grown for their daisy- Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
edged petals. Z14–15 H12–10. like flower heads. Prefers full sun and well- COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Water container specimens moderately
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring. when in growth, less at other times.
WULFENIA X. coronarium, syn. Chrysanthemum Genus of summer-flowering annuals. Regularly remove spent flowering stems.
coronarium. Fast-growing, upright, Needs sun and fertile, very well-drained Propagate frost-tender species in spring
SCROPHULARIACEAE branching annual. H 1–3ft (30cm–90cm), soil. Propagate by seed in spring. by seed or suckers, hardier species in
Genus of evergreen, basal-rosetted S 15in (38cm). Has feathery, divided, light X. annuum, illus. p.305. spring by root cuttings or division.
perennials, suitable for alpine houses. green leaves. In summer bears single or Y. aloifolia (Dagger plant, Spanish
Needs full sun and well-drained soil. semi-double, daisy-like, yellow or yellow- XEROCHRYSUM bayonet). Slow-growing, evergreen shrub
Propagate by division in spring or by seed and-white flower heads, to 2in (5cm) or small tree with few branches. H 25ft
in fall. across. H9–1. SYN. BRACHTEANTHA (8m), S 12–15ft (4–5m). Has sword-shaped,
W. amherstiana, illus. p.341. X. segetum, syn. Chrysanthemum COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE deep green leaves, and large panicles of
W. carinthiaca. Evergreen, basal-rosetted segetum, illus. p.322. purple-tinted, white flowers in summer–
perennial. H and S 10in (25cm). Has oblong Genus of herbaceous perennials and fall. Z12–15 H12–1.
to oval, toothed, dark green leaves, hairy XANTHORHIZA annuals, grown for their daisy-like flower Y. elephantipes ‘Variegata’. Evergreen,
beneath. Produces dense spike of small, heads with papery bracts. Stalkless, hairy upright shrub or tree. H to 30ft (10m),
tubular, violet-blue flowers in summer. RANUNCULACEAE leaves are borne on erect, branching stems. S 15–25ft (5–8m). Several to many sparsely
Z5–9 H9–1. X. bracteatum is often grown for cutting branched trunks arise near ground level.
Genus of one species of deciduous, spring- and drying. Needs full sun and moderately Leaves are narrowly lance-shaped,
U flowering shrub, grown for its leaves, fertile, moist but well-drained soil. leathery, light to mid-green and creamy-
V clustered at the shoot tips, and star-shaped Propagate by seed in spring. white at margins. On mature plants,
W flowers. Needs full or partial shade and X. bracteatum, syn. Bracteantha hemispherical, white to cream flowers are
moist soil. Propagate by division in fall. bracteata (Everlasting flower, Immortelle, borne in dense, erect panicles in summer–
722 X. apiifolia. See X. simplicissima. Strawflower). Moderately fast-growing, fall. Z11–12 H12–10.
X. simplicissima, syn. X. apiifolia (Yellow- upright, branching annual. H 4–39in (10– Y. filamentosa (Adam’s needle). Clump-
root). Deciduous, upright shrub that spreads 100cm), S 12in (30cm). Has broadly lance- forming, evergreen, basal-rosetted shrub.
by underground stems. H 2ft (60cm), S 5ft shaped, gray-green leaves. From late spring H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). From mid- to late
(1.5m). Bright green leaves, divided into to fall produces solitary, papery, daisy-like, summer, tall panicles of pendulous, tulip-
usually 5 oval to lance-shaped, sharply bright white, yellow, pink or red flower shaped, white flowers rise up through low-
toothed leaflets, turn bronze or purple in heads. Z10–11 H12–3. ‘Bright Bikini’, growing tufts of sword-shaped, deep green
fall. Bears nodding panicles of tiny, star- H and S 12in (30cm), has mid-green leaves leaves, edged with white threads. Z4–11
shaped, purple flowers from early to mid- and large, double flower heads in many H11–5.
spring as foliage emerges. Z3–9 H9–1. colors. Monstrosum Series, H 3ft (90cm), Y. filifera ‘Ivory’. See Y. flaccida ‘Ivory’.
has large, fully double flower heads in pink, Y. flaccida ‘Ivory’, syn. Y. filifera ‘Ivory’,
XANTHORRHOEA red, orange, yellow or white. Flowers dry illus. p.151.
well. Sundaze Series SUNDAZE GOLD Y. gloriosa, illus. p.132. ‘Nobilis’ is an
Blackboy, Grass tree (‘Redbragol’) illus. p.320. evergreen shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Stem
XANTHORRHOEACEAE is sturdy and usually unbranched, and
XERONEMA crowned with large tuft of long, sword-
Genus of evergreen, long-lived perennials, shaped, sharply pointed, blue-green leaves,
grown mainly as foliage plants. Needs AGAVACEAE/PHORMIACEAE the outer ones semi-pendent. Pendulous,
full sun, well-drained soil and a fairly dry tulip-shaped, red-backed, white flowers
atmosphere. Propagate by basal offsets Genus of evergreen, robust, tufted are borne in long, erect panicles from
or seed in spring. perennials, with short, creeping rootstocks, mid-summer to early fall. Z7–10 H10–7.
X. australis. Evergreen perennial with grown for their flowers. Needs sun or Y. parviflora. See Hesperaloe parviflora.
a sturdy, dark trunk. H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), partial shade and rich, well-drained soil. Y. whipplei, illus. p.151.
S 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m). Very narrow, arching, Propagate by seed or division in spring.
flattened, silvery-green leaves, 2ft (60cm) X. callistemon. Evergreen, iris-like, YUSHANIA
or more long, spread from top of trunk. clump-forming perennial. H 2–3ft (60cm–
In summer may produce small, fragrant, 1m), S indefinite. Erect, folded leaves, 2–3ft Anceps bamboo
6-petaled, white flowers, in dense, candle- (60cm–1m) long, are very narrow and hard-
like spikes, 2ft (60cm) or more long, on textured. In summer, short-stalked, GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
stems of similar length. Z8–10 H11–7. 6-petaled, red flowers, to 11/4in (3cm) wide,
are borne on one-sided racemes, 6–12in See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
XANTHOSOMA (15–30cm) long. Z13–15 H12–10. and SEDGES.
Y. anceps, syn. Arundinaria anceps,
Yautia XEROPHYLLUM Arundinaria jaunsarensis, Sinarundinaria
ARACEAE jaunsarensis (Anceps bamboo). Evergreen,
LILIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE rhizomatous, spreading bamboo. H 6–10ft
Genus of perennials, with underground (2–3m), S indefinite. Erect, later arching,
tubers or thick stems above ground, grown Genus of summer-flowering, rhizomatous shiny, dark green stems bear several
mainly for their foliage. Many species are perennials. Prefers full sun and moist, peaty branches at each node. Has narrowly
soil. May be difficult to cultivate. Propagate lance-shaped, mid-green leaves, rounded
by seed in fall. at base, with purple-tinted stalks. Z8–13
H12–8. ‘Pitt White’, illus. p.288.
Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com ZINNIA
ZALUZIANSKYA seed in fall or by root cuttings in late winter. sun and requires deep, fertile, moist but Z. fremontii (Star lily). Clump-forming,
Z. piperitum (Japan pepper). Deciduous, well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall. early summer-flowering bulb. H 12–20in
SCROPHULARIACEAE bushy, spiny shrub or tree. H and S 8ft Z. abelicea, syn. Z. cretica. Deciduous, (30–50cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has long,
(2.5m). Has aromatic, glossy, dark green bushy-headed, spreading tree. H 15ft (5m), strap-shaped, semierect, grayish-green,
Genus of sticky, low-growing annuals leaves divided into many oval, toothed S 22ft (7m). Produces small, oval, dark basal leaves. Stem produces spike of
and short-lived, evergreen perennials leaflets. Tiny, greenish-yellow flowers in green leaves that are prominently toothed. star-shaped, pale creamy-green flowers,
and sub-shrubs, grown for their spikes spring are followed by spherical, red fruits. Z8–9 H9–8. 5/8in (1.5cm) wide, with darker green
of fragrant, tubular flowers with spreading Z6–9 H9–6. Z. carpinifolia, illus. p.64. nectaries on petal bases. Z8–9 H9–8.
petals. Needs full sun and rich, moist but Z. simulans, illus. p.141. Z. cretica. See Z. abelicea. Z. nuttallii. Clump-forming, summer-
well-drained soil. Propagate by stem-tip Z. serrata, illus. p.67. flowering bulb. H 12–24in (30–60cm),
cuttings in summer. ZAUSCHNERIA S 3in (8cm). Narrowly strap-shaped,
Z. ovata. Clump-forming, evergreen ZENOBIA semierect, basal leaves are mid- to dark
perennial. H to 10in (25cm), S to 24in California fuchsia green. Produces dense spikes of tiny,
(60cm). Branching, brittle stems bear ERICACEAE creamy-yellow flowers, 6–8mm (¼–3/8in)
ovate, toothed, sticky, gray-green leaves. ONAGRACEAE across. Z6–9 H9–6.
Crimson-backed, white flowers are Genus of one species of deciduous or
produced in summer. Z9–10 H10–9. Genus of sub-shrubby, evergreen, semi- semievergreen, summer-flowering shrub, ZINGIBER
evergreen or deciduous perennials, grown grown for its flowers. Requires partial
ZANTEDESCHIA for their mass of flowers. Requires sun and shade and moist, acidic soil. Prune out ZINGIBERACEAE
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or older, weaker shoots after flowering
Calla lily division in spring or by taking sideshoot to maintain vigor. Propagate by semi-ripe Genus of herbaceous or evergreen
cuttings in summer. cuttings in summer. perennials, grown for their spicy rhizomes
ARACEAE Z. californica, syn. Epilobium Z. pulverulenta, illus. p.130. and flowers arranged in a pine-cone-
californicum. Evergreen or semi-evergreen, shaped head, borne on separate stems to
Genus of summer-flowering, tuberous clump-forming, woody-based perennial. ZEPHYRANTHES the leaves. Needs partial shade and rich,
perennials, usually remaining evergreen in H and S 18in (45cm). Terminal clusters of moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
a warm climate, grown for their erect, tubular, bright scarlet flowers, on slender Rain lily, Rainflower, Zephyr lily division in spring.
funnel-shaped spathes and club-shaped stems, are produced in late summer and Z. mioga. Herbaceous, clump-forming
spadix. Requires sun or partial shade and early fall. Bears lance-shaped, rich green AMARYLLIDACEAE perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 20in (50cm).
well-drained soil. Z. aethiopica will also leaves. Z8–11 H12–8. subsp. cana, syn. Short-stemmed spikes, 2–6in (5–15cm)
grow in 6–12in (15–30cm) of water and Z. cana, Epilobium canum, H 12in (30cm), is Genus of clump-forming bulbs, grown for long, of pale cream to yellow flowers,
therefore is suitable as a marginal water deciduous and produces linear, gray leaves their erect, crocus-like flower on each stem. 2in (5cm) across, with reddish-purple
and fuchsia-like, brilliant scarlet flowers. Needs a sheltered, sunny site and open, bracts, are borne in late summer. Has
plant. Propagate by offsets in winter. T All subsp. cana ‘Dublin’. See Z. californica moist but well-drained soil. Container- tall, leafy pseudostems of narrowly lance-
‘Dublin’. ‘Dublin’, syn. Z. californica grown bulbs need a dryish, warm period shaped, pale green leaves. Z7–10 H10–1.
parts of the plant may cause mild stomach subsp. cana ‘Dublin’, Z. californica after foliage dies down in summer,
upset if ingested, and contact with the sap ‘Glasnevin’ illus. p.340. ‘Glasnevin’. followed by copious amounts of water ZINNIA X
may irritate the skin. See Z. californica ‘Dublin’. to stimulate flowering. Propagate by seed Y
Z. aethiopica. ‘Crowborough’, illus. Z. cana. See Z. californica subsp. cana. in fall or spring. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Z
p.437. ‘Green Goddess’, illus. p.408. Z. septentrionalis, syn. Epilobium Z. atamasco (Atamasco lily). Clump-
Z. albomaculata syn. Z. melanoleuca septentrionale. Mat-forming, non-woody, forming, early summer-flowering bulb. Genus of annuals, grown for their large, 723
(Spotted calla). Summer-flowering, deciduous perennial. H 4–8in (10–20cm), H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Basal dahlia-like flower heads, which are
tuberous perennial. H 12–16in (30–40cm), S to 8in (20cm). Terminal clusters of leaves are very narrow, grass-like and excellent for cutting. Requires sun and
S 12in (30cm). Bears arrow-shaped, numerous, short-stalked, tubular, scarlet semierect. Each stem produces solitary, fertile, well-drained soil. Remove dead
semierect, mid-green, basal leaves, with flowers are produced in late summer. Has widely funnel-shaped, purple-tinged, flower heads regularly to promote
transparent spots. Has yellow spadix inside oval to lance-shaped, gray to gray-green white flower, to 4in (10cm) wide, in spring flowering. Propagate by seed sown under
white spathe, 5–8in (12–20cm) long, leaves. Z8–10 H10–7. or summer. Z7–10 H12–10. glass in early spring.
shading to green at base and with purple Z. candida, illus. p.424. Z. angustifolia ‘Orange Star’. See
blotch inside. Z11–10 H12–7. ZEA Z. carinata, syn. Z. grandiflora, illus. Z. haageana ‘Orange Star’. ‘Persian
Z. ‘Black-eyed Beauty’. Summer- p.413. Carpet’. See Z. haageana ‘Persian Carpet’.
flowering, tuberous perennial. H 12–16in GRAMINEAE/POACEAE Z. citrina. Clump-forming, fall-flowering Z. elegans. Moderately fast-growing,
(30–40cm), S 6in (15cm). Broadly heart- bulb. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). upright, sturdy annual. H 2–21/2ft (60–75cm),
shaped, semierect, mid- to dark green, See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES Has rush-like, erect, basal leaves. Stems S 1ft (30cm). Bears oval to lance-shaped,
basal leaves are heavily white-spotted. and SEDGES. produce funnel-shaped, bright yellow pale or mid-green leaves. Daisy-like, purple
Each flower stem has yellow spadix and Z. mays (Corn). Fairly fast-growing, flowers, to 11/2–2in (4–5cm) wide, in fall. flower heads, 2in (5cm) or more wide, are
cream spathe, 6in (15cm) long, with upright annual. H to 12ft (4m), S 2ft (60cm). Z7–10 H10–7. produced in summer and early fall. Hybrids
central, black mark in throat. Z8–10 Has lance-shaped, arching, wavy leaves. In Z. grandiflora of gardens. See Z. carinata. of Z. elegans are available in various
H10–4. mid-summer produces tassel-like flower Z. robusta. See Habranthus robustus. shades. H12–1. Cactus-flowered Group,
Z. ‘Black Magic’. Summer-flowering, head followed by cylindrical seed head Z. rosea. Fall-flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm), H 24–36in (60–90cm), have large, semi-
tuberous perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 8in (“cob”) of edible, fleshy, usually yellow S 2in (5cm). Short-tubed, funnel-shaped, double flower heads, similar to those of
(20cm). Broadly heart-shaped, semierect, kernels. H12–1. ‘Gracillima Variegata’, sugar-pink flowers, 11/4in (3cm) long, are cactus dahlias, with long, narrow, quilled
mid- to dark green, basal leaves are H 3ft (90cm), S 1–11/2ft (30–45cm), has leaves produced among narrowly linear, petals, in broad range of colors.
heavily mottled with white. Each flower striped green and creamy. Silvery flower semierect, basal leaves. Z7–10 H12–10. Dreamland Series [Scarlet] illus. p.306;
stem produces golden-yellow spadix, heads are followed by large, bright yellow [Yellow], H and S 12in (30cm), have large,
surrounded by black-throated, yellow seed heads (cobs). ‘Harlequin’, H 3–6ft ZIGADENUS semidouble flower heads in summer and
spathe, 6in (15cm) long. Z8–10 H10–4. (1–2m), S 2ft (60cm) long, has leaves striped fall. ‘Envy’ illus. p.316. Hobgoblin
Z. ‘Cameo’, illus. p.395. with green, red and white and bears yellow LILIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE Series, H to 18in (45cm), produce sturdy
Z. elliottiana, illus. p.393. seed heads (cobs), with deep red kernels. plants, with small, single flower heads in
Z. melanoleuca. See Z. albomaculata. ‘Strawberry Corn’, H 4ft (1.2m), Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown broad range of colors. Peter Pan Series,
Z. rehmannii (Pink arum). Summer- produces seed heads with small, yellow to for their spikes of star-shaped, 6-petaled H 8in (20cm), are dwarf, with double flower
flowering, tuberous perennial. H 16in burgundy-red kernels within yellow-green flowers. Requires sun or partial shade and heads in wide range of colors. ‘Red Sun’,
(40cm), S 12in (30cm). Dark green, basal spathe-bracts. well-drained soil. Water copiously in spring H and S 12–16in (30–40cm), has semi- to
leaves are arrow-shaped and semierect. and summer, less at other times. Remains fully double, deep bright red flower heads.
Each flower stem has yellow spadix, Zebrina pendula. See Tradescantia dormant in winter. Propagate by division Short Stuff Series, H 10in (25cm), are
surrounded by reddish-pink spathe, zebrina. in early spring or by seed in fall or spring. dwarf, with double flower heads in broad
5in (12cm) long. Z8–10 H10–4. range of colors. Small World Series,
ZELKOVA T All parts are highly toxic if ingested. H to 18in (45cm), are dwarf and have
ZANTHOXYLUM double flower heads in wide range of
ULMACEAE Z. elegans. Clump-forming, summer- colors. ‘State Fair’, H to 30in (75cm),
RUTACEAE flowering bulb. H 12–20in (30–50cm), is vigorous, and produces large, double
Genus of deciduous trees, grown mainly S 4–6in (10–15cm). Bears long, narrow, flower heads in many colors.
Genus of deciduous or evergreen, spiny for their foliage and habit. Is best when semierect, gray-green, basal leaves. Each
shrubs and trees, grown for their aromatic planted as a single specimen. Has stem has spike of greenish-white flowers,
foliage, fruits and habit. Requires sun or insignificant flowers in spring. Prefers full 1/2in (1cm) wide, with yellowish-green
partial shade and fertile soil. Propagate by nectaries. Z5–9 H9–5.
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Z. haageana ‘Classic’. See Z. haageana
‘Orange Star’. ‘Orange Star’, syn. Z.
angustifolia ‘Orange Star’, Z. haageana
‘Classic’, illus. p.325. ‘Persian Carpet’,
syn. Z. angustifolia ‘Persian Carpet’. is a
moderately fast-growing, upright, dwarf
annual. H 15in (38cm), S 12in (30cm). Pale
green leaves are lance-shaped and hairy.
Small, weather-resistant, dahlia-like, double
flower heads, 1in (2.5cm) or more wide,
are produced in summer, in range of
colors. H12–1.
Z. x marylandica Profusion Series
‘Profusion Cherry’, illus. p.307. Zahara
Series ‘Zahara Starlight Rose’, illus.
p.298.
ZIZANIA
Water oats, Wild rice
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.
Z. aquatica (Annual wild rice, Canadian
wild rice, Water rice). Annual, grass-like,
marginal water plant. H 10ft (3m), S 18in
(45cm). Has grasslike, mid-green leaves.
In summer produces grasslike, pale green
flowers, followed by edible rice-like seeds
that attract waterfowl. Needs sun; is
suitable for up to 9in (23cm) deep water.
Propagate from seed stored damp and
sown in spring. Z3–9 H9–1.
Zygocactus truncatus. See
Schlumbergera truncata.
X ZYGOPETALUM
Caper bean
Y ORCHIDACEAE
Z See also ORCHIDS.
Z. mackaii. See Z. mackayi.
Z. mackayi, syn. Z. mackaii. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool or intermediate
greenhouse. H 12in (30cm). In fall produces
long sprays of fragrant, brown-blotched,
green flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with
reddish-indigo veins and white lips.
Narrowly oval, ribbed leaves are 12in
(30cm) long. Requires partial shade in
summer. Z12–14 H11–1.
Z. Perrenoudii gx, illus. p.466.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool or
intermediate greenhouse. H 12in (30cm).
Spikes of fragrant, violet-purple-lipped,
dark brown flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are
borne in winter. Has narrowly oval, ribbed
leaves, 12in (30cm) long. Requires partial
shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6.
724
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INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
A American smoketree. See Cotinus ‘Flame’. Autumn-flowering crocus. See Crocus Bergenia. See Bergenia. A
American yellowwood. See Cladrastis nudiflorus. Berlin poplar. See Populus x berolinensis.
Aaron’s beard. See Hypericum calycinum. Bermuda lily. See Lilium longiflorum. 725
Abyssinian banana. See Ensete ventricosum. kentukea. Autumn snowflake. See Acis autumnalis. Besom heath. See Erica scoparia.
Aconite. See Aconitum. Amethyst flower. See Browallia. Avens. See Geum. Bethlehem sage. See Pulmonaria saccharata.
Adam’s needle. See Yucca filamentosa. Amur adonis. See Adonis amurensis. Azores heath. See Daboecia azorica. Bhutan pine. See Pinus wallichiana.
Aeroplane propeller. See Crassula perfoliata Amur cherry. See Prunus maackii. Aztec lily. See Sprekelia formosissima. Big blue lilyturf. See Liriope muscari.
Amur cork tree. See Phellodendron Big-cone pine. See Pinus coulteri.
var. falcata. B Bigleaf dogwood. See Cornus kousa var.
African blue lily. See Agapanthus. amurense.
African boxwood. See Myrsine africana. Amur grape. See Vitis amurensis. Baboon flower. See Babiana. chinensis ‘China Girl’.
African daisy. See Arctotis venusta; Amur honeysuckle. See Lonicera maackii. Baby blue-eyes. See Nemophila menziesii. Bigleaf hydrangea. See Hydrangea
Amur maple. See Acer tataricum subsp. Baby rubber plant. See Peperomia
Dimorphotheca. macrophylla.
African hemp. See Sparrmannia africana. ginnala. obtusifolia. Bigleaf magnolia. See Magnolia macrophylla.
African lily. See Agapanthus africanus. Anceps bamboo. See Yushania anceps. Baby’s breath. See Gypsophila paniculata. Bigroot geranium. See Geranium
African marigold. See Tagetes erecta. Anemone clematis. See Clematis montana. Baby’s tears. See Soleirolia.
African red alder. See Cunonia capensis. Angelica. See Angelica archangelica. Baby’s toes. See Fenestraria rhopalophylla macrorrhizum.
African violet. See Saintpaulia. Angel’s fishing rod. See Dierama. Big tree. See Sequoiadendron giganteum.
Agave cactus. See Leuchtenbergia principis. Angel’s tears. See Billbergia x windii; subsp. aurantiaca. Biota. See Platycladus orientalis.
Air plant. See Tillandsia. Bachelor’s button. See Centaurea cyanus. Birch. See Betula.
Alaska cedar. See Chamaecyparis Narcissus triandrus. Bachelor’s buttons. See Ranunculus Bird-catcher tree. See Pisonia umbellifera.
Angels’ trumpets. See Brugmansia. Bird cherry. See Prunus avium.
nootkatensis. Angelwing begonia. See Begonia coccinea. aconitifolius. Bird of paradise. See Strelitzia reginae.
Albany bottlebrush. See Callistemon Anise magnolia. See Magnolia salicifolia. Bailey acacia. See Acacia baileyana. Bird of paradise bush. See Caesalpinia
Annual baby’s breath. See Gypsophila Bald cypress. See Taxodium distichum.
speciosus. Baldmoney. See Meum athamanticum. gilliesii.
Alder. See Alnus. elegans. Balearic box. See Buxus balearica. Bird-of-paradise flower. See Strelitzia.
Alder-leaved serviceberry. See Amelanchier Annual coreopsis. See Coreopsis tinctoria. Balkan bear’s breeches. See Acanthus Bird’s eye bush. See Ochna.
Annual mallow. See Malope trifida. Bird’s-eye primrose. See Primula farinosa.
alnifolia. Annual phlox. See Phlox drummondii. hungaricus. Bird’s-foot ivy. See Hedera helix ‘Pedata’.
Aleppo pine. See Pinus halepensis. Annual wild rice. See Zizania aquatica. Balkan moor grass. See Sesleria heufleriana. Bird’s-foot violet. See Viola pedata.
Alexandra palm. See Archontophoenix Antarctic beech. See Nothofagus antarctica. Ball moss. See Tillandsia recurvata. Bird’s-nest bromeliad. See Nidularium.
Apache plume. See Fallugia paradoxa. Balloon flower. See Platycodon. Bird’s-nest fern. See Asplenium nidus.
alexandrae. Apennine anemone. See Anemone apennina. Balloon vine. See Cardiospermum Birthwort. See Aristolochia.
Alexandrian laurel. See Danäe racemosa. Apothecary’s rose. See Rosa gallica var. Bishop pine. See Pinus muricata.
Alfafa. See Medicago. halicacabum. Bishop’s cap. See Astrophytum myriostigma;
Algerian iris. See Iris unguicularis. officinalis. Balm of Gilead. See Populus x jackii.
Alkanet. See Anchusa. Apple. See Malus. Balsam. See Impatiens. Mitella.
Allegheny monkey flower. See Mimulus Apple mint. See Mentha suaveolens. Balsam fir. See Abies balsamea. Bishop’s mitre. See Astrophytum
Apple of Peru. See Nicandra physalodes. Balsam poplar. See Populus balsamifera.
ringens. Aralia ivy. See x Fatshedera lizei. Banana. See Musa. myriostigma.
Allegheny moss locust. See Robinia hispida Arborvitae. See Thuja. Banana shrub. See Michelia figo. Bishop’s weed. See Aegopodium.
Arctic birch. See Betula nana. Baneberry. See Actaea. Bishop’s wort. See Stachys officinalis.
var. kelseyi. Arctic poppy. See Papaver croceum. Banjo fig. See Ficus lyrata. Bistort. See Persicaria amplexicaulis; P.
Allegheny serviceberry. See Amelanchier Arizona ash. See Fraxinus velutina. Banyan. See Ficus benghalensis.
Arizona cypress. See Cupressus arizonica Baobab. See Adansonia. bistorta.
laevis. Barbados gooseberry. See Pereskia aculeata. Bitter cress. See Cardamine.
Allegheny vine. See Adlumia fungosa. var. glabra. Barbados pride. See Caesalpinia pulcherrima. Bitternut hickory. See Carya cordiformis.
All heal. See Valeriana officinalis. Armand pine. See Pinus armandii. Barbed-wire plant. See Tylecodon Bitter root. See Lewisia rediviva.
Allspice. See Calycanthus floridus. Armenian cranesbill. See Geranium Bittersweet. See Celastrus.
Almond. See Prunus. reticulatus. Bitterwort. See Gentiana lutea.
Alpine anemone. See Pulsatilla alpina. psilostemon. Barberry. See Berberis. Black alder. See Alnus glutinosa.
Alpine aster. See Aster alpinus. Armenian oak. See Quercus pontica. Barberton daisy. See Gerbera jamesonii. Black bamboo. See Phyllostachys nigra.
Alpine azalea. See Loiseleuria. Arolla pine. See Pinus cembra. Barrel cactus. See Echinocactus; Ferocactus. Black bean tree. See Castanospermum.
Alpine bearberry. See Arctostaphylos alpina. Arorangi. See Olearia macrodonta. Barrenwort. See Epimedium. Blackberry lily. See Belamcanda chinensis.
Alpine campion. See Lychnis alpina. Arrow arum. See Peltandra. Bartram oak. See Quercus x heterophylla. Blackboy. See Xanthorrhoea.
Alpine catchfly. See Lychnis alpina. Arrowhead. See Sagittaria. Baseball plant. See Euphorbia obesa. Black cherry. See Prunus serotina.
Alpine chickweed. See Cerastium alpinum. Arrow-wood. See Viburnum dilatatum. Basket grass. See Oplismenus africanus. Black chokeberry. See Aronia melanocarpa.
Alpine chrysanthemum. See Arum lily. See Zantedeschia aethiopica. Basswood. See Tilia americana. Black cohosh. See Cimicifuga.
Asarabacca. See Asarum europaeum. Bastard balm. See Melittis. Black columbine. See Aquilegia atrata.
Leucanthemopsis alpina. Ash. See Fraxinus. Bat flower. See Tacca chantrieri. Black coral pea. See Kennedia nigricans.
Alpine cinquefoil. See Potentilla crantzii. Ash-leaved maple. See Acer negundo. Bay laurel. See Laurus nobilis. Black cottonwood. See Populus trichocarpa.
Alpine coltsfoot. See Homogyne alpina. Asian bellflower. See Cobaea scandens f. Bayonet plant. See Aciphylla squarrosa. Black elder. See Sambucus canadensis.
Alpine columbine. See Aquilegia alpina. Bay willow. See Salix pentandra. Black-eyed cuphea. See Ctenanthe
Alpine fleabane. See Erigeron alpinus. alba. Beach pine. See Pinus contorta.
Alpine forget-me-not. See Myosotis Asian bittersweet. See Celastrus orbiculatus. Beach wormwood. See Artemisia stelleriana. oppenheimiana ‘Tricolor’.
Asian chain fern. See Woodwardia Bead plant. See Nertera granadensis. Black-eyed Susan. See Rudbeckia fulgida;
alpestris. Beadtree. See Melia azedarach.
Alpine heath. See Erica carnea. unigemmata. Bearded bellflower. See Campanula barbata. R. hirta.
Alpine lady’s mantle. See Alchemilla alpina. Asian serviceberry. See Amelanchier Beardlip penstemon. See Penstemon Black-eyed Susan vine. See Thunbergia alata.
Alpine mint bush. See Prostanthera cuneata. Black gold philodendron. See Philodendron
Alpine penny-cress. See Thlaspi alpinum. asiatica. barbatus.
Alpine pink. See Dianthus alpinus. Aspen. See Populus. Bear grass. See Xerophyllum tenax. melanochrysum.
Alpine snowbell. See Soldanella alpina. Asphodel. See Asphodelus aestivus. Bear’s breeches. See Acanthus. Black gum. See Nyssa sylvatica.
Alpine thistle. See Carlina acaulis. Atamasco lily. See Zephyranthes atamasco. Bear’s-foot hellebore. See Helleborus Black hellebore. See Veratrum nigrum.
Alpine toadflax. See Linaria alpina. Atlantic white cedar. See Chamaecyparis Black huckleberry. See Gaylussacia baccata.
Alpine totara. See Podocarpus nivalis. foetidus. Blackjack oak. See Quercus marilandica.
Alp lily. See Lloydia serotina. thyoides. Beautyberry. See Callicarpa. Black locust. See Robinia pseudoacacia.
Aluminum plant. See Pilea cadierei. Atlas cedar. See Cedrus atlantica. Beautybush. See Kolkwitzia amabilis. Black mulberry. See Morus nigra.
Amaryllis. See Hippeastrum. Aubretia. See Aubrieta. Bedstraw. See Galium. Black oak. See Quercus velutina.
American arborvitae. See Thuja occidentalis. Austlian pea. See Lablab purpureus. Bee balm. See Monarda. Black poplar. See Populus nigra.
American beech. See Fagus grandifolia. Australian banyan. See Ficus macrophylla. Beebalm. See Monarda fistulosa. Black sarana. See Fritillaria camschatcensis.
American chestnut. See Castanea dentata. Australian fan palm. See Livistona australis. Beech. See Fagus. Black snakeroot. See Cimicifuga cordifolia.
American elder. See Sambucus canadensis. Australian frangipani. See Hymenosporum Beech fern. See Phegopteris. Black spruce. See Picea mariana.
American elm. See Ulmus americana. Beefsteak plant. See Iresine herbstii. Blackthorn. See Prunus spinosa.
American holly. See Ilex opaca. flavum. Bee tree. See Tetradium. Black tree fern. See Cyathea medullaris.
American hop hornbeam. See Ostrya Australian heath. See Epacris impressa. Belladonna lily. See Amaryllis belladonna. Black walnut. See Juglans nigra.
Australian ivy palm. See Schefflera Belle de nuit. See Ipomoea alba. Black willow. See Salix gracilistyla
virginiana. Bellflower. See Campanula.
American hornbeam. See Carpinus actinophylla. Bell-flowered cherry. See Prunus ‘Melanostachys’.
Australian mock orange. See Pittosporum Bladder nut. See Staphylea.
caroliniana. campanulata. Bladder senna. See Colutea arborescens.
American linden. See Tilia americana. undulatum. Bell heather. See Erica cinerea. Bladderwort. See Utricularia.
American lotus. See Nelumbo lutea. Australian sassafras. See Atherosperma Bells of Ireland. See Moluccella laevis. Blanket flower. See Gaillardia.
American mandrake. See Podophyllum Benjamin. See Lindera benzoin. Blazing star. See Liatris; Mentzelia lindleyi.
moschatum. Bleeding heart. See Dicentra spectabilis.
peltatum. Australian tree fern. See Cyathea australis. Bleeding heart glorybower. See
American mountain ash. See Sorbus Australian violet. See Viola hederacea.
Austrian pine. See Pinus nigra subsp. nigra. Clerodendrum splendens.
americana. Autograph tree. See Clusia rosea.
Autumn crocus. See Colchicum.
Autumn crocus. See Colchicum autumnale.
Autumn fern. See Dryopteris erythrosora.
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INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
B Bloodflower. See Asclepias curassavica. Breath of heaven. See Diosma ericoides. Campernelle jonquil. See Narcissus x Caucasian wingnut. See Pterocarya
Blood leaf. See Iresine lindenii. Brewer spruce. See Picea breweriana. odorus. fraxinifolia.
726 Bloodtwig dogwood. See Cornus sanguinea. Bridal wreath. See Francoa; Spiraea ‘Arguta’.
Bloody cranesbill. See Geranium Bride’s bonnet. See Clintonia uniflora. Camphor tree. See Cimicifuga simplex Cedar. See Cedrus.
Bristle club-rush. See Isolepis setaceus. ‘Prichard’s Giant’. Cedar of Goa. See Cupressus lusitanica.
sanguineum. Bristlecone pine. See Pinus aristata. Cedar of Lebanon. See Cedrus libani.
Blue amaryllis. See Worsleya. Bristle-pointed iris. See Iris setosa. Campion. See Lychnis; Silene. Celandine crocus. See Crocus korolkowii.
Blue Atlas cedar. See Cedrus atlantica f. Bristly locust. See Robinia hispida. Canada hemlock. See Tsuga canadensis. Celery pine. See Phyllocladus.
Brittle bladder fern. See Cystopteris fragilis. Canada lily. See Lilium canadense. Century plant. See Agave americana.
glauca. Brittle maidenhair fern. See Adiantum Canada moonseed. See Menispermum Ceriman. See Monstera deliciosa.
Bluebead. See Clintonia andrewsiana; Chain cactus. See Rhipsalis paradoxa.
tenerum. canadense. Chain fern. See Woodwardia.
Caryopteris x clandonensis. Broad buckler fern. See Dryopteris dilatata. Canadian burnet. See Sanguisorba Chamomile. See Chamaemelum nobile.
Bluebell. See Hyacinthoides. Broadleaf. See Griselinia littoralis. Chandelier plant. See Kalanchoe delagoensis.
Bluebell creeper. See Sollya. Brome. See Bromus. canadensis. Channeled heath. See Erica canaliculata.
Blueberry. See Vaccinium. Bronvaux medlar. See + Crataegomespilus Canadian columbine. See Aquilegia Chaste tree. See Vitex agnus-castus; V.
Blueberry ash. See Elaeocarpus cyaneus.
Blueblossom. See Ceanothus thyrsiflorus. dardarii. canadensis. negundo.
Blue bugloss. See Anchusa azurea. Brooklime. See Veronica beccabunga. Canadian poplar. See Populus x canadensis. Chatham Island forget-me-not. See
Blue buttons. See Knautia arvensis; Vinca Broom. See Cytisus; Genista. Canadian wild rice. See Zizania aquatica.
Brown-eyed Susan. See Rudbeckia triloba. Canary-bird bush. See Crotalaria agatiflora. Myosotidium hortensia.
major. Brush box. See Lophostemon confertus. Canary creeper. See Tropaeolum peregrinum. Checkerberry. See Gaultheria procumbens.
Blue candle. See Myrtillocactus geometrizans. Brush cherry. See Syzygium paniculatum. Canary Island bellflower. See Canarina Checkered lily. See Fritillaria meleagris.
Blue cardinal flower. See Lobelia siphilitica. Buckeye. See Aesculus. Cheddar pink. See Dianthus
Blue cowslip. See Pulmonaria angustifolia. Buddhist pine. See Podocarpus macrophyllus. canariensis.
Blue daisy. See Felicia amelloides. Buffalo currant. See Ribes odoratum. Canary Island date palm. See Phoenix gratianopolitanus.
Blue dawn flower. See Ipomoea indica. Buffalo grass. See Stenotaphrum Cheesewood. See Pittosporum undulatum.
Blue Douglas fir. See Pseudotsuga menziesii canariensis. Chenille plant. See Acalypha hispida.
secundatum. Candelabra plant. See Aloe arborescens. Cherimoya. See Annona.
var. glauca. Bugbane. See Cimicifuga. Candle plant. See Plectranthus oertendahlii; Cherry. See Prunus.
Blue-eyed Mary. See Omphalodes verna. Bugleweed. See Ajuga. Cherry birch. See Betula lenta.
Blue flag. See Iris versicolor. Bulblet bladder fern. See Cystopteris Senecio articulatus. Cherry laurel. See Prunus laurocerasus.
Blue-flowered torch. See Tillandsia lindenii. Candlewood. See Rothmannia capensis. Cherry plum. See Prunus cerasifera.
Blue globe onion. See Allium caeruleum. bulbifera. Candytuft. See Iberis. Chestnut. See Castanea.
Blue grama. See Bouteloua gracilis. Bullock’s heart. See Annona reticulata. Canoe birch. See Betula papyrifera. Chestnut dioon. See Dioon edule.
Blue gum. See Eucalyptus globulus. Bunchberry. See Cornus canadensis. Cantabrian heath. See Daboecia cantabrica. Chestnut-leaved oak. See Quercus
Blue holly. See Ilex x meserveae. Bunny ears. See Opuntia microdasys. Canterbury bell. See Campanula medium.
Blue lace flower. See Trachymene coerulea. Burkwood daphne. See Daphne x Cape aloe. See Aloe ferox. castaneifolia.
Blue lungwort. See Pulmonaria angustifolia. Cape blue waterlily. See Nymphaea Chestnut rose. See Rosa roxburghii.
Blue mist shrub. See Caryopteris burkwoodii. Chestnut vine. See Tetrastigma voinierianum.
Burnet. See Sanguisorba. capensis. Chicory. See Cichorium.
x clandonensis. Burnet rose. See Rosa spinosissima. Cape chestnut. See Calodendrum capense. Chilean bamboo. See Chusquea culeou.
Blue oat grass. See Helictotrichon Burning bush. See Bassia scoparia Cape cowslip. See Lachenalia. Chilean bellflower. See Lapageria rosea.
Cape dandelion. See Arctotheca calendula. Chilean blue crocus. See Tecophilaea
sempervirens. f. trichophylla; Dictamnus albus; Cape figwort. See Phygelius capensis.
Blue passion flower. See Passiflora caerulea. Euonymus alatus. Cape forget-me-not. See Anchusa capensis. cyanocrocus.
Blue pea. See Lathyrus nervosus. Bur oak. See Quercus macrocarpa. Cape fuchsia. See Phygelius capensis. Chilean firebush. See Embothrium
Blue phlox. See Phlox divaricata. Bur reed. See Sparganium. Cape grape. See Rhoicissus capensis.
Blue pine. See Pinus wallichiana. Burro’s tail. See Sedum morganianum. Cape honeysuckle. See Tecoma capensis. coccineum.
Blue poppy. See Meconopsis baileyi. Burr rose. See Rosa roxburghii. Cape ivy. See Senecio macroglossus. Chilean glory flower. See Eccremocarpus
Blue potato bush. See Lycianthes rantonnetii. Bush anemone. See Carpenteria californica. Cape jasmine. See Gardenia jasminoides.
Bluestar. See Amsonia. Bush groundsel. See Baccharis halimifolia. Cape leadwort. See Plumbago auriculata. scaber.
Blue throatwort. See Trachelium caeruleum. Bush violet. See Browallia speciosa. Cape marigold. See Dimorphotheca. Chilean guava. See Ugni molinae.
Blue trumpet vine. See Thunbergia Busy Lizzie. See Impatiens walleriana. Cape pondweed. See Aponogeton distachyos. Chilean hazel. See Gevuina avellana.
Butcher’s broom. See Ruscus aculeatus. Caper bean. See Zygopetalum. Chilean incense cedar. See Austrocedrus
grandiflora. Buterfly agave. See Agave potatorum. Cape sundew. See Drosera capensis.
Bluets. See Hedyotis. Butterbur. See Petasites. Cape tulip. See Haemanthus coccineus. chilensis.
Blueweed. See Echium vulgare. Buttercup. See Ranunculus. Cappadocian maple. See Acer Chilean jasmine. See Mandevilla laxa.
Bluewings. See Torenia fournieri. Buttercup winter hazel. See Corylopsis Chilean wine palm. See Jubaea.
Blushing bromeliad. See Neoregelia glabrescens. cappadocicum. Chile nut. See Gevuina avellana.
Butterfly bush. See Buddleja davidii. Caraway thyme. See Thymus herba-barona. Chile pine. See Araucaria araucana.
carolinae. Butterfly flower. See Schizanthus. Cardinal climber. See Ipomoea x multifida. Chimney bellflower. See Campanula
Blushing bromeliad. See Nidularium fulgens. Butterfly orchid. See Psychopsis papilio. Cardinal flower. See Lobelia cardinalis.
Blushing philodendron. See Philodendron Butterflyweed. See Asclepias tuberosa. Cardinal’s guard. See Pachystachys coccinea. pyramidalis.
Butternut. See Juglans cinerea. Cardoon. See Cynara cardunculus. China aster. See Callistephus.
erubescens. Butter tree. See Tylecodon paniculatus. Caricature plant. See Graptophyllum pictum. Chinaberry. See Melia azedarach.
Bodinier beautyberry. See Callicarpa Butterwort. See Pinguicula. Carline thistle. See Carlina. China fir. See Cunninghamia lanceolata.
Button fern. See Pellaea rotundifolia. Carnation. See Dianthus. China pink. See Dianthus chinensis.
bodinieri. Carolina hemlock. See Tsuga caroliniana. Chincherinchee. See Ornithogalum
Bog arum. See Calla palustris. C Carolina jasmine. See Gelsemium
Bogbean. See Menyanthes trifoliata. thyrsoides.
Bog pimpernel. See Anagallis tenella. Cabbage palm. See Livistona australis. sempervirens. Chinese anemone. See Anemone hupehensis.
Bog resemary. See Andromeda. Cabbage rose. See Rosa x centifolia. Carolina silverbell. See Halesia carolina. Chinese anise. See Illicium anisatum.
Bog sage. See Salvia uliginosa. Calamondin. See x Citrofortunella microcarpa. Carolina sweet jessamine. See Gelsemium Chinese arbor-vitae. See Platycladus
Bog star. See Parnassia. Calico aster. See Aster lateriflorus.
Bonin Isles juniper. See Juniperus Calico flower. See Aristolochia littoralis. sempervirens. orientalis.
Calico hearts. See Adromischus maculatus. Carpathian harebell. See Campanula Chinese box thorn. See Lycium barbarum.
procumbens. California allspice. See Calycanthus Chinese catalpa. See Catalpa fargesii
Borage. See Borago. carpatica.
Bosnian pine. See Pinus heldreichii. occidentalis. Carthusian pink. See Dianthus f. duclouxii.
Boston ivy. See Parthenocissus tricuspidata. California bluebell. See Phacelia Chinese cork tree. See Phellodendron
Botanical wonder. See x Fatshedera lizei. carthusianorum.
Bo tree. See Ficus religiosa. campanularia. Cascade penstemon. See Penstemon chinense.
Botterbom. See Tylecodon paniculatus. California buckeye. See Aesculus californica. Chinese crabapple. See Malus prunifolia.
Bottlebrush. See Callistemon. California flannel bush. See serrulatus. Chinese elm. See Ulmus parvifolia.
Bottlebrush buckeye. See Aesculus Cashmere bouquet. See Cleome ‘Rose Chinese evergreen. See Aglaonema.
Fremontodendron californicum. Chinese evergreen oak. See Quercus
parviflora. California fuchsia. See Zauschneria. Queen’.
Bougainvillea. See Bougainvillea. California laurel. See Umbellularia Caspianlocust. See Gleditsia caspica. myrsinifolia.
Bower plant. See Pandorea jasminoides. Cast-iron plant. See Aspidistra elatior. Chinese fan palm. See Livistona chinensis.
Bowles’ golden sedge. See Carex elata californica. Castor aralia. See Kalopanax septemlobus. Chinese flowering crabapple. See Malus
California live oak. See Quercus agrifolia. Castor bean. See Ricinus communis.
‘Aurea’. California nutmeg. See Torreya californica. Catalina ironwood. See Lyonothamnus spectabilis.
Bowman’s root. See Gillenia trifoliata. California poppy. See Eschscholzia. Chinese fountain palm. See Livistona
box. See Buxus. California rock cress. See Arabis floribundus.
Box elder. See Acer negundo. Catchfly. See Lychnis; Silene. chinensis.
Boxleaf honeysuckle. See Lonicera nitida. blepharophylla. Catherine wheel. See Scadoxus multiflorus Chinese foxglove. See Rehmannia elata.
Boxwood. See Buxus. California sweetshrub. See Calycanthus Chinese fringe tree. See Chionanthus
Bracelet honey myrtle. See Melaleuca subsp. katherinae.
occidentalis. Catmint. See Nepeta. retusus.
armillaris. Calla lily. See Zantedeschia. Cat’s claw vine. See Macfadyena. Chinese gooseberry. See Actinidia deliciosa.
Brake. See Pteris. Callery pear. See Pyrus calleryana. Cat’s ears. See Antennaria; Calochortus. Chinese ground orchid. See Bletilla striata.
Brass buttons. See Cotula coronopifolia. Camass. See Camassia. Cat’s whiskers. See Tacca chantrieri. Chinese hackberry. See Celtis sinensis.
Brazilian firecracker. See Manettia Cattail. See Typha latifolia. Chinese hat plant. See Holmskioldia
Caucasian elm. See Zelkova carpinifolia.
luteorubra. Caucasian fir. See Abies nordmanniana. sanguinea.
Brazilian rosewood. See Tipuana tipu. Caucasian peony. See Paeonia Chinese hibiscus. See Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.
Brazilian spider flower. See Tibouchina Chinese holly. See Ilex cornuta.
mlokosewitschii. Chinese horse-chestnut. See Aesculus
urvilleana. Caucasian spruce. See Picea orientalis.
Caucasian whortleberry. See Vaccinium chinensis.
Chinese juniper. See Juniperus chinensis.
arctostaphylos. Chinese lantern. See Physalis alkekengi.
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INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Chinese lanterns. See Nymania capensis. Common bluebeard. See Caryopteris incana. Coral bush. See Templetonia retusa. Crystal anthurium. See Anthurium
Chinese leadwort. See Ceratostigma Common bog rosemary. See Andromeda Coral cactus. See Rhipsalis cereuscula. crystallinum.
Coral drops. See Bessera elegans.
plumbaginoides. polifolia. Coral flower. See Heuchera. Cucumber tree magnolia. See Magnolia
Chinese lilac. See Symplocos paniculata. Common box. See Buxus sempervirens. Coral fountain. See Russelia equisetiformis. acuminata.
Chinese necklace poplar. See Populus Common broom. See Cytisus scoparius Coral gem. See Lotus berthelotii.
Coral honeysuckle. See Lonicera Culver’s root. See Veronicastrum virginicum.
lasiocarpa. subsp. maritimus. Cup-and-saucer vine. See Clytostoma
Chinese parasol tree. See Firmiana simplex. Common camass. See Camassia quamash. sempervirens.
Chinese persimmon. See Diospyros kaki. Common cat’s claw vine. See Macfadyena Coral pea. See Hardenbergia. callistegioides.
Chinese privet. See Ligustrum lucidum; L. Coral plant. See Berberidopsis corallina. Cup-and-saucer vine. See Cobaea scandens.
unguis-cati. Coral tree. See Erythrina. Cup flower. See Nierembergia.
sinense. Common daisy. See Bellis perennis. Coral vine. See Antigonon. Cupid’s dart. See Catananche.
Chinese rhubarb. See Rheum palmatum. Common devil’s claw. See Proboscidea Cork oak. See Quercus suber. Cup of gold. See Solandra maxima.
Chinese spinach. See Amaranthus tricolor. Corkscrew rush. See Juncus effusus f. Curled pondweed. See Potamogeton crispus.
Chinese tallow tree. See Sapium sebiferum. louisianica. Curly water thyme. See Lagarosiphon.
Chinese thuja. See Platycladus orientalis. Common European globeflower. See spiralis. Curry plant. See Helichrysum italicum.
Chinese trumpet creeper. See Campsis Cork tree. See Phellodendron. Cushion bush. See Leucophyta.
Trollius europaeus. Corn. See Zea mays. Custard apple. See Annona.
grandiflora. Common fennel. See Foeniculum vulgare. Corn cockle. See Agrostemma. Cutleaf beech. See Fagus sylvatica f. laciniata.
Chinese tulip tree. See Liriodendron Common flowering quince. See Cornelian cherry. See Cornus mas. Cypress. See Cupressus.
Cornish elm. See Ulmus minor Cypress vine. See Ipomoea quamoclit.
chinense. Chaenomeles cathayensis. Cyprus turpentine. See Pistacia terebinthus.
Chinese tupelo. See Nyssa sinensis. Common foxglove. See Digitalis purpurea. ‘Cornubiensis’.
Chinese walnut. See Juglans cathayensis. Common gardenia. See Gardenia Cornish golden elm. See Ulmus minor D D
Chinese wingnut. See Pterocarya stenoptera.
Chinese wisteria. See Wisteria sinensis. jasminoides. ‘Dicksonii’. Daffodil. See Narcissus. 727
Chinese witch hazel. See Hamamelis mollis. Common garden peony. See Paeonia Cornish heath. See Erica vagans. Dagger plant. See Yucca aloifolia.
Chinkapin oak. See Quercus muehlenbergii. Corn lily. See Ixia. Daimyo oak. See Quercus dentata.
Chinquapin rose. See Rosa roxburghii. lactiflora. Corn plant. See Dracaena fragrans. Daisy. See Bellis.
Chives. See Allium schoenoprasum. Common German flag. See Iris germanica. Corn poppy. See Papaver rhoeas. Daisy bush. See Olearia.
Chocolate cosmos. See Cosmos Common grape hyacinth. See Muscari Corsican heath. See Erica terminalis. Dalmatian bellflower. See Campanula
Corsican hellebore. See Helleborus
atrosanguineus. botryoides. portenschlagiana.
Chocolate vine. See Akebia quinata. Common hackberry. See Celtis occidentalis. argutifolius. Dalmatian cranesbill. See Geranium
Chokeberry. See Aronia. Common honeysuckle. See Lonicera Corsican mint. See Mentha requienii.
Choke cherry. See Prunus virginiana. Corsican pine. See Pinus nigra subsp. laricio. dalmaticum.
Chotito. See Polyscias filicifolia. periclymenum. Corsican sandwort. See Arenaria balearica. Dalmatian laburnum. See Petteria
Christmas begonia. See Begonia ‘Gloire Common horse chestnut. See Aesculus Cotton ball. See Espostoa lanata.
Cotton rose. See Hibiscus mutabilis. ramentacea.
de Lorraine’. hippocastanum. Cotton thistle. See Onopordum. Dalmation toadflax. See Linaria dalmatica.
Christmas box. See Sarcococca. Common hyacinth. See Hyacinthus orientalis. Cottonwood. See Populus deltoides. Dame’s rocket. See Hesperis matronalis.
Christmas cactus. See Schlumbergera Common jasmine. See Jasminum officinale. Coulter pine. See Pinus coulteri. Dancing-doll orchid. See Gomesa flexuosum.
Common juniper. See Juniperus communis. Cowberry. See Vaccinium vitis-idaea. Dark mullein. See Verbascum nigrum.
x buckleyi. Common laburnum. See Laburnum Cow itch tree. See Lagunaria patersonii. Dark Warrior. See x Aliceara Dark Warrior
Christmas cherry. See Solanum Cowslip. See Primula veris.
anagyroides. Coyote Willow. See Salix exigua. gx.
pseudocapsicum. Common large monkey flower. See Crab cactus. See Schlumbergera truncata. Darling pea. See Swainsona galegifolia.
Christmas fern. See Polystichum Crack willow. See Salix fragilis. Darwin’s barberry. See Berberis darwinii.
Mimulus guttatus. Cradle orchid. See Anguloa clowesii. Date plum. See Diospyros lotus.
acrostichoides. Common mandrake. See Mandragora Cranberry. See Vaccinium. David’s maple. See Acer davidii.
Christmas rose. See Helleborus niger. Crane flower. See Strelitzia reginae. David’s peach. See Prunus davidiana.
Christmas tree. See Metrosideros excelsa. officinarum. Cranesbill. See Erodium reichardii; Geranium. Dawn redwood. See Metasequoia
Christ’s thorn. See Paliurus spina-christi. Common mignonette. See Reseda odorata. Crape myrtle. See Lagerstroemia indica.
Chulta. See Dillenia indica. Common milkweed. See Asclepias syriaca. Cream bush. See Holodiscus discolor. glyptostroboides.
Chusan palm. See Trachycarpus fortunei. Common morning glory. See Ipomoea Creamcups. See Platystemon californicus. Day flower. See Commelina coelestis.
Cider gum. See Eucalyptus gunnii. Creeping blueblossom. See Ceanothus Daylily. See Hemerocallis.
Cigar flower. See Cuphea ignea. purpurea. Deadnettle. See Lamium.
Cinnamon fern. See Osmunda cinnamomea. Common moss. See Rosa x centifolia thyrsiflorus var. repens. Deer’s foot fern. See Davallia canariensis.
Cinquefoil. See Potentilla. Creeping bluets. See Hedyotis michauxii. Delavay’s fir. See Abies delavayi.
Claret ash. See Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Muscova’. Creeping Charlie. See Pilea nummulariifolia. Delta maidenhair. See Adiantum raddianum.
Common myrtle. See Myrtus communis. Creeping cotoneaster. See Cotinus Deodar cedar. See Cedrus deodara.
‘Raywood’. Common net bush. See Calothamnus Deptford pink. See Dianthus armeria.
Cliffbush. See Jamesia americana. obovatus. Desert candle. See Eremurus.
Cliff green. See Paxistima canbyi. quadrifidus. Creeping fig. See Ficus pumila. Desert rose. See Adenium.
Climbing dahlia. See Hidalgoa. Common pear. See Pyrus communis. Creeping forget-me-not. See Omphalodes Devil flower. See Tacca chantrieri.
Climbing fern. See Lygodium. Common pearl bush. See Exochorda Devil’s apple. See Mandragora officinarum.
Climbing fig. See Ficus pumila. verna. Devil’s backbone. See Kalanchoe
Climbing fumitory. See Adlumia fungosa. racemosa. Creeping gloxinia. See Lophospermum
Climbing hydrangea. See Hydrangea Common peony. See Paeonia officinalis. daigremontiana.
Common pitcher plant. See Sarracenia erubescens. Devil’s club. See Oplopanax horridus.
petiolaris. Creeping Jenny. See Lysimachia nummularia. Devil’s fig. See Argemone mexicana.
Cloth-of-gold crocus. See Crocus purpurea. Creeping juniper. See Juniperus Devil’s tongue. See Amorphophallus konjac;
Common pohutukawa. See Metrosideros
angustifolius. horizontalis. Ferocactus latispinus.
Clove currant. See Ribes odoratum. excelsa. Creeping mahonia. See Mahonia repens. Diamond milfoil. See Myriophyllum
Clover. See Trifolium. Common privet. See Ligustrum vulgare. Creeping myrtle. See Vinca minor.
Clown orchid. See Rossioglossum grande. Common pussy-toes. See Antennaria dioica. Creeping phlox. See Phlox stolonifera; P. aquaticum.
Clubmoss cassiope. See Cassiope ‘Muirhead’. Common quaking grass. See Briza media. Dickson’s golden elm. See Ulmus minor
Cluster pine. See Pinus pinaster. Common quince. See Cydonia oblonga. subulata.
Coast redwood. See Sequoia sempervirens. Common rue. See Ruta graveolens. Creeping soft grass. See Holcus mollis. ‘Dicksonii’.
Coast trillium. See Trillium ovatum. Common sage. See Salvia officinalis. Creeping St. John’s-wort. See Hypericum Digger’s speedwell. See Parahebe perfoliata.
Cobra jack. See Arisaema ringens. Common snowdrop. See Galanthus nivalis. Disk-leaved hebe. See Hebe pinguifolia.
Cobweb houseleek. See Sempervivum Common Solomon’s seal. See Polygonatum calycinum. Dittany. See Dictamnus albus.
Creeping willow. See Salix repens. Dittany of Crete. See Origanum dictamnus.
arachnoideum. x hybridum. Creeping zinnia. See Sanvitalia procumbens. Dogberry. See Sorbus americana.
Cockies’ tongues. See Templetonia retusa. Common spatterdock. See Nuphar advena. Crested moss. See Rosa x centifolia ‘Cristata’. Dog-tooth violet. See Erythronium dens-
Cockscomb. See Celosia. Common staghorn fern. See Platycerium Cretan brake. See Pteris cretica.
Cockspur coral-tree. See Erythrina crista- Cricket-bat willow. See Salix alba var. canis.
bifurcatum. Dogwood. See Cornus.
galli. Common unicorn plant. See Proboscidea caerulea. Doll’s eyes. See Actaea pachypoda.
Cockspur hawthorn. See Crataegus crus- Crimean linden. See Tilia x euchlora. Dorset heath. See Erica ciliaris.
louisianica. Crimson bottlebrush. See Callistemon Double common snowdrop. See Galanthus
galli. Common valerian. See Valeriana officinalis.
Coffee tree. See Polyscias guilfoylei. Common waratah. See Telopea citrinus ‘Splendens’. nivalis ‘Flore Pleno’.
Coffin juniper. See Juniperus recurva var. Crimson damask rose. See Rosa gallica Doublefile viburnum. See Viburnum
speciosissima.
coxii. Common witch hazel. See Hamamelis var. officinalis. plicatum f. tomentosum.
Colchis ivy. See Hedera colchica. Crimson glory vine. See Vitis coignetiae. Douglas fir. See Pseudotsuga menziesii.
Colorado spruce. See Picea pungens. virginiana. Crimson-spot rockrose. See Cistus albidus. Dove’s dung. See Ornithogalum umbellatum.
Columbine. See Aquilegia. Compass plant. See Silphium laciniatum. Cross-leaved heath. See Erica tetralix. Dove tree. See Davidia involucrata.
Comfrey. See Symphytum. Coneflower. See Echinacea; Rudbeckia. Cross vine. See Bignonia capreolata. Downy clematis. See Clematis macropetala.
Common alder. See Alnus glutinosa. Cone ginger. See Alpinia purpurata. Croton. See Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum. Downy hawthorn. See Crataegus
Common almond. See Prunus dulcis. Confederate jasmine. See Trachelospermum Crowfoot. See Ranunculus.
Common angels’ trumpet. See Brugmansia Crow-foot violet. See Viola pedata. macrosperma var. acutiloba.
jasminoides. Crown imperial. See Fritillaria imperialis. Downy serviceberry. See Amelanchier
arborea. Confederate rose. See Hibiscus mutabilis. Crown of thorns. See Euphorbia milii.
Common bearberry. See Arctostaphylos Confederate vine. See Antigonon leptopus. Cruel plant. See Araujia sericifera. arborea.
Copey. See Clusia rosea.
uva-ursi. Copper beech. See Fagus sylvatica
Common bear’s breeches. See Acanthus
f. atropunicea.
mollis. Copperleaf. See Acalypha wilkesiana.
Coquito palm. See Jubaea chilensis.
Coral aloe. See Aloe striata.
Coralbark maple. See Acer palmatum
‘Sango-kaku’.
Coral berry. See Aechmea fulgens.
Coralberry. See Ardisia crenata;
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus.
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INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Dragon arum. See Dracunculus vulgaris. English holly. See Ilex aquifolium. Fancy-leaf caladium. See Caladium bicolor. Fort Bragg manzanita. See Arctostaphylos
Dragon-claw willow. See Salix babylonica English iris. See Iris latifolia. Fanwort. See Cabomba caroliniana. nummularia.
English ivy. See Hedera helix. Fat pork tree. See Clusia rosea.
var. pekinensis ‘Tortuosa’. English laurel. See Prunus laurocerasus. Fawn lily. See Erythronium californicum. Fountain bamboo. See Fargesia nitida.
Dragon’s head. See Dracocephalum. English lavender. See Lavandula angustifolia. Feather cactus. See Mammillaria plumosa. Fountain butterfly bush. See Buddleja
Dragon’s mouth. See Horminum pyrenaicum. English marigold. See Calendula officinalis. Feathertop. See Pennisetum villosum.
Dragon tree. See Dracaena draco. English oak. See Quercus robur. February daphne. See Daphne mezereum. alternifolia.
Drooping leucothoe. See Leucothöe English violet. See Viola odorata. Felt bush. See Kalanchoe beharensis. Fountain flower. See Ceropegia sandersonii.
English wallflower. See Erysimum cheiri. Fennel. See Foeniculum. Fountain grass. See Pennisetum
fontanesiana. English walnut. See Juglans regia. Fennel-leaved pondweed. See Potamogeton
Drooping star-of-Bethlehem. See English yew. See Taxus baccata. alopecuroides; P. setaceum.
Epaulette tree. See Pterostyrax hispida. pectinatus. Four o’clocks. See Mirabilis jalapa.
Ornithogalum nutans. Erman birch. See Betula ermanii. Fernbush. See Chaenomeles x superba Foxglove. See Digitalis.
Dropwort. See Filipendula vulgaris. Etruscan honeysuckle. See Lonicera etrusca. Foxglove tree. See Paulownia tomentosa.
Drumstick allium. See Allium Eulalia grass. See Miscanthus sinensis. ‘Knap Hill Scarlet’. Foxtail barley. See Hordeum jubatum.
European ash. See Fraxinus excelsior. Fern-leaf aralia. See Polyscias filicifolia. Foxtail fern. See Asparagus densiflorus
sphaerocephalon. European aspen. See Populus tremula. Fernleaf poppy. See Paeonia tenuifolia.
Drumstick primula. See Primula denticulata. European beech. See Fagus sylvatica. Fernleaf yarrow. See Achillea filipendulina. ‘Myersii’.
Drunkard’s dream. See Hatiora European bird cherry. See Prunus padus. Fern-leaved beech. See Fagus sylvatica Foxtail grass. See Alopecurus.
European black pine. See Pinus nigra. Foxtail lily. See Eremurus.
salicornioides. European bladder nut. See Staphylea ‘Aspleniifolia’. Foxtail millet. See Setaria italica.
Duck potato. See Sagittaria latifolia. Fescue. See Festuca. Fragrant daphne. See Daphne odora.
Dumb cane. See Dieffenbachia. pinnata. Fetterbush. See Leucothoe fontanesiana; Fragrant olive. See Osmanthus fragrans.
Dumpling cactus. See Lophophora williamsii. European chain fern. See Woodwardia Fragrant snowbell. See Styrax obassia.
Durmast oak. See Quercus petraea. Pieris floribunda. Fragrant Solomon’s seal. See Polygonatum
Dusky coral pea. See Kennedia rubicunda. radicans. Feverfew. See Tanacetum parthenium.
Dusky cranesbill. See Geranium phaeum. European cranberry bush. See Viburnum Fiddleneck. See Phacelia tanacetifolia. odoratum.
Dusty miller. See Lychnis coronaria. Field poppy. See Papaver rhoeas. Fragrant sumac. See Rhus aromatica.
Dutch crocus. See Crocus vernus. opulus. Fig. See Ficus. Fragrant winter hazel. See Corydalis
Dutch elm. See Ulmus glabra. European elder. See Sambucus nigra. Figwort. See Scrophularia.
Dutchman’s breeches. See Dicentra European fan palm. See Chamaerops Finger-leaved ivy. See Hedera hibernica wilsonii.
Frangipani. See Plumeria.
cucullaria. humilis. ‘Digitata’. Franklin tree. See Franklinia.
Dutchman’s pipe. See Aristolochia European field elm. See Ulmus minor. Firecracker plant. See Russelia Fraser magnolia. See Magnolia fraseri.
European filbert. See Corylus avellana. Freckle face. See Hypoestes phyllostachya.
macrophylla. European hackberry. See Celtis australis. equisetiformis. French honeysuckle. See Hedysarum
Dwarf cattail. See Typha minima. European hop hornbeam. See Ostrya Firecracker vine. See Manettia cordifolia.
Dwarf fan palm. See Chamaerops humilis. Fire lily. See Lilium bulbiferum. coronarium.
Dwarf fothergilla. See Fothergilla gardenii. carpinifolia. Firethorn. See Pyracantha. French lavender. See Lavandula stoechas.
Dwarf ginger lily. See Kaempferia European hornbeam. See Carpinus betulus. Firewheel tree. See Stenocarpus sinuatus. French marigold. See Tagetes patula.
European larch. See Larix decidua. Fishbone cactus. See Epiphyllum anguliger. French pussy willow. See Salix caprea.
roscoeana. European linden. See Tilia x europaea. Fish grass. See Cabomba caroliniana. Friendship plant. See Pilea involucrata.
Dwarf holly fern. See Polystichum European mountain ash. See Sorbus Fishhook cactus. See Ferocactus wislizenii. Friendship tree. See Crassula ovata.
Fishpole bamboo. See Phyllostachys aurea. Fringe cups. See Tellima.
tsussimense. aucuparia. Five fingers. See Neopanax arboreus; Fringed bergenia. See Bergenia ciliata.
Dwarf Japanese rush. See Acorus European red elder. See Sambucus nigra. Five fingers. See Syngonium auritum. Fringed lavender. See Lavandula dentata.
European silver fir. See Abies alba. Fringed rock cress. See Arabis
gramineus var. pusillus. European white linden. See Tilia tomentosa. Nemophila maculata.
Dwarf morning glory. See Convolvulus Evening primrose. See Oenothera. Five-stamen tamarisk. See Tamarix blepharophylla.
Evergreen clematis. See Clematis armandii. Fringe tree. See Chionanthus.
sabatius. Evergreen dogwood. See Cornus capitata. ramosissima. Fritillary. See Fritillaria.
Dwarf myrtle. See Myrtus communis subsp. Evergreen laburnum. See Piptanthus Flame azalea. See Rhododendron Frogbit. See Hydrocharis morsus-ranae.
Fuchsia begonia. See Begonia foliosa
tarentina. nepalensis. calendulaceum.
Dwarf palmetto. See Sabal minor. Everlasting. See Sedum spectabile. Flamebush. See Templetonia retusa. var. miniata.
Dwarf pomegranate. See Punica granatum Everlasting flower. See Xerochrysum Flame coral tree. See Erythrina coralloides. Fuchsia-flowered currant. See Ribes
Flame nasturtium. See Tropaeolum
var. nana. bracteatum. speciosum.
Everlasting pea. See Lathyrus grandiflorus; L. speciosum. Fuji cherry. See Prunus incisa.
E Dwarf Russian almond. See Prunus tenella. Flame of the woods. See Ixora coccinea. Fuki. See Petasites japonicus.
Dwarf Siberian pine. See Pinus pumila. latifolius. Flame violet. See Episcia cupreata. Fullmoon maple. See Acer japonicum.
Dwarf sumac. See Rhus copallina. Exeter elm. See Ulmus glabra ‘Exoniensis’. Flaming Katy. See Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. Furze. See Ulex.
Dwarf white wood lily. See Trillium nivale. Eyelash begonia. See Begonia bowerae. Flamingo flower. See Anthurium Furze. See Ulex europaeus.
Dwarf willow. See Salix herbacea.
Dyer’s greenweed. See Genista tinctoria. F andraeanum; A. scherzerianum. G
Flaming sword. See Vriesea splendens.
728 E Fair maids of France. See Saxifraga Flanders poppy. See Papaver rhoeas. Galingale. See Cyperus longus.
granulata. Flannel bush. See Fremontodendron. Gandergoose. See Anacamptis morio.
Early forsythia. See Forsythia ovata. Flax. See Linum. Gardeners’ garters. See Phalaris
Early spider orchid. See Ophrys sphegodes. Fairy bells. See Disporum. Flax lily. See Dianella.
Easter cactus. See Hatiora gaertneri. Fairy duster. See Calliandra eriophylla. Fleabane. See Erigeron. arundinacea var. picta.
Easter lily. See Lilium longiflorum. Fairy foxglove. See Erinus. Fleeceflower. See Persicaria. Garden gloxinia. See Incarvillea mairei.
Easter lily cactus. See Echinopsis. Fairy lantern. See Calochortus albus. Floating heart. See Nymphoides. Garden heliotrope. See Valeriana officinalis.
Eastern arborvitae. See Thuja occidentalis. Fairy lanterns. See Calochortus. Floating water plantain. See Luronium Garden loosestrife. See Lysimachia punctata.
Eastern cottonwood. See Populus deltoides. Fairy moss. See Azolla filiculoides. Garden myrrh. See Myrrhis odorata.
Eastern juniper. See Juniperus virginiana. Fairy primrose. See Primula malacoides. natans. Garden phlox. See Phlox paniculata.
Eastern redbud. See Cercis canadensis. Fairy tails. See Pennisetum ‘Fairy Tails’. Floradora. See Stephanotis floribunda. Garden violet. See Viola odorata.
Eastern red cedar. See Juniperus virginiana. Fairy thimbles. See Campanula Florists’ cineraria. See Pericallis x hybrida. Garland flower. See Hedychium.
Eastern shooting star. See Dodecatheon Florists’ gloxinia. See Sinningia speciosa. Gas plant. See Dictamnus albus.
cochleariifolia. Florist’s hydrangea. See Hydrangea Gaudy jack. See Arisaema sikokianum.
meadia. False anemone. See Anemonopsis. Gayfeather. See Liatris.
East Indian arrowroot. See Tacca False aralia. See Schefflera elegantissima. macrophylla. Gentian. See Gentiana.
False cypress. See Chamaecyparis. Floss flower. See Ageratum. Geraldton waxflower. See Chamelaucium
leontopetaloides. False dittany. See Ballota pseudodictamnus. Floss silk tree. See Chorisia speciosa.
East Indies aster. See Aster tongolensis. False dragonhead. See Physostegia Flowering ash. See Fraxinus ornus. uncinatum.
Eau de Cologne mint. See Mentha x piperita Flowering banana. See Musa ornata. Geranium. See Pelargonium.
virginiana. Flowering crabapple. See Malus. Geranium aralia. See Polyscias guilfoylei.
f. citrata. False garlic. See Nothoscordum. Flowering currant. See Ribes sanguineum. German ivy. See Senecio mikanioides.
Edelweiss. See Leontopodium. False hellebore. See Veratrum album. Flowering dogwood. See Cornus Ghost bramble. See Rubus cockburnianus.
Eel grass. See Vallisneria spiralis. False holly. See Osmanthus heterophyllus. Ghost gum. See Eucalyptus pauciflora.
Eglantine rose. See Rosa rubiginosa. False indigo. See Baptisia australis. controversa; C. florida. Ghost plant. See Graptopetalum
Egyptian star cluster. See Pentas lanceolata. False Jerusalem cherry. See Solanum Flowering fern. See Osmunda regalis.
Elder. See Sambucus. Flowering maple. See Abutilon. paraguayense.
Elderberry. See Sambucus nigra. capsicastrum. Flowering quince. See Chaenomeles. Ghost tree. See Davidia involucrata.
Elephant’s ear. See Alocasia;Philodendron False lily-of-the-valley. See Maianthemum Flowering raspberry. See Rubus odoratus. Giant bellflower. See Ostrowskia.
Flowering rush. See Butomus umbellatus. Giant Burmese honeysuckle. See Lonicera
domesticum. bifolium. Flowering tobacco. See Nicotiana sylvestris.
Elephant’s foot. See Beaucarnea recurvata; False oat grass. See Arrhenatherum elatius. Flower-of-an-hour. See Hibiscus trionum. hildebrandiana.
False philodendron. See Peperomia Flower of Jove. See Lychnis flos-jovis. Giant buttercup. See Ranunculus lyallii.
Dioscorea elephantipes. Flower of Jupiter. See Lychnis flos-jovis. Giant caladium. See Alocasia cuprea.
Elm. See Ulmus. scandens. Fly honeysuckle. See Lonicera xylosteum. Giant chincherinchee. See Ornithogalum
Emerald creeper. See Strongylodon False rue anemone. See Isopyrum. Foam flower. See Tiarella.
False Solomon’s seal. See Smilacina Foam of May. See Spiraea ‘Arguta’. saundersiae.
macrobotrys. Foothill penstemon. See Penstemon Giant cowslip. See Primula florindae.
Emerald ripple. See Peperomia caperata. racemosa. Giant crape myrtle. See Lagerstroemia
Empress tree. See Paulownia tomentosa. Fameflower. See Talinum. heterophyllus.
Engelmann spruce. See Picea engelmannii. Fan columbine. See Aquilegia flabellata. Forget-me-not. See Myosotis. speciosa.
English bluebell. See Hyacinthoides non- Forrest fir. See Abies forrestii.
scripta.
English elm. See Ulmus procera.
English hawthorn. See Crataegus laevigata.
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INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Giant dogwood. See Cornus alternifolia Golden trumpet tree. See Tabebuia Harebell poppy. See Meconopsis Holly-fern woodsia. See Woodsia I
‘Argentea’; C. controversa ‘Variegata’. chrysotricha. quintuplinervia. polystichoides.
729
Giant elephant’s ear. See Alocasia Golden weeping willow. See Salix x Hare’s foot fern. See Davallia canariensis; Holly flame pea. See Chorizema ilicifolium.
macrorrhiza. sepulcralis var. chrysocoma. Phlebodium aureum. Hollyhock. See Alcea.
Hollyleaf sweetspire. See Itea ilicifolia.
Giant feather grass. See Stipa gigantea. Golden willow. See Salix alba var. vitellina. Hare’s tail. See Lagurus. Holly oak. See Quercus ilex.
Giant fennel. See Ferula. Goldfish plant. See Columnea gloriosa. Hare’s-tail grass. See Lagurus ovatus. Holm oak. See Quercus ilex.
Giant filbert. See Corylus maxima. Goldie’s fern. See Dryopteris goldieana. Harlequin flower. See Sparaxis. Honesty. See Lunaria.
Giant granadilla. See Passiflora Goldilocks. See Aster linosyris. Harlequin glorybower. See Clerodendrum Honey bunny. See Opuntia microdasys
Gold lace cactus. See Mammillaria elongata.
quadrangularis. Goldleaf Jerusalem sage. See Phlomis thomsoniae. var. albispina.
Giant Himalayan lily. See Cardiocrinum Harry Lauder’s walking stick. See Corylus Honey bush. See Melianthus major.
chrysophylla. Honey flower. See Protea repens.
giganteum. Good luck plant. See Oxalis tetraphylla. avellana ‘Contorta’. Honeylocust. See Gleditsia triacanthos.
Giant larkspur. See Consolida ajacis Giant Goodyer’s elm. See Ulmus minor subsp. Hart’s-tongue fern. See Asplenium Honey palm. See Jubaea chilensis.
Honey spurge. See Euphorbia mellifera.
Imperial Series. angustifolia. scolopendrium. Honeysuckle. See Lonicera.
Giant Mexican cereus. See Pachycereus Gooseneck loosestrife. See Lysimachia Harvest brodiaea. See Brodiaea coronaria. Honeywort. See Cereus hildmannianus
Hawaiian hibiscus. See Hibiscus rosa-
pringlei. clethroides. ‘Monstrosus’.
Giant onion. See Allium giganteum. Gorgon’s head. See Euphorbia gorgonis. sinensis. Hoop-petticoat daffodil. See Narcissus
Giant pineapple flower. See Eucomis Gorse. See Ulex. Hawk’s beard. See Crepis.
Gorse. See Ulex europaeus. Hawkweed. See Hieracium. bulbocodium.
pallidiflora. Goutweed. See Aegopodium. Hawthorn. See Crataegus. Hop marjoram. See Origanum dictamnus.
Giant pineapple lily. See Eucomis pallidiflora. Grama grass. See Bouteloua. Hawthorn maple. See Acer crataegifolium. Hops. See Humulus.
Giant redwood. See Sequoiadendron Granadilla. See Passiflora. Hay-scented orchid. See Dendrochilum Hop tree. See Ptelea trifoliata.
Granite bottlebrush. See Melaleuca elliptica. Hornbeam. See Carpinus.
giganteum. Granny’s bonnets. See Aquilegia vulgaris. glumaceum. Hornbeam maple. See Acer carpinifolium.
Giant reed. See Arundo donax. Grape. See Vitis. Hazel. See Corylus. Horned poppy. See Glaucium.
Giant scabious. See Cephalaria gigantea. Grape hyacinth. See Muscari. Headache tree. See Umbellularia californica. Horned tulip. See Tulipa acuminata.
Giant snowdrop. See Galanthus elwesii. Grape ivy. See Cissus rhombifolia. Heart leaf. See Philodendron hederaceum; P. Horned violet. See Viola cornuta.
Giant Spaniard. See Aciphylla scott- Grape-leaved anemone. See Anemone Hornwort. See Ceratophyllum demersum.
scandens. Horse chestnut. See Aesculus.
thomsonii. vitifolia. Heartleaf bergenia. See Bergenia cordifolia. Horseshoe vetch. See Hippocrepis.
Giant stove bush. See Scadoxus puniceus. Grape vine. See Vitis vinifera. Heartnut. See Juglans ailantifolia var. Hottentot fig. See Carpobrotus edulis.
Giant timber bamboo. See Phyllostachys Grass-leaved daylily. See Hemerocallis Hot-water plant. See Achimenes.
cordiformis. Hound’s tongue. See Cynoglossum.
bambusoides. minor. Heart of flame. See Bromelia balansae. Houseleek. See Sempervivum.
Giant wood fern. See Dryopteris goldieana. Grass nut. See Triteleia laxa. Heartsease. See Viola tricolor. Hubei mountain ash. See Sorbus
Ginger lily. See Alpinia; Costus; Hedychium. Grass of Parnassus. See Parnassia palustris. Heart vine. See Ceropegia linearis.
Ginger mint. See Mentha x gracilis Grass tree. See Xanthorrhoea. Heath. See Erica. hupehensis.
Grassy bells. See Dierama pendulum. Heath aster. See Aster ericoides. Huckleberry. See Gaylussacia; Vaccinium.
‘Variegata’. Gray alder. See Alnus incana. Heath banksia. See Banksia ericifolia. Humble plant. See Mimosa pudica.
Gland bellflower. See Adenophora. Gray fescue. See Festuca glauca. Heavenly bamboo. See Nandina domestica. Hunangemoho grass. See Chionochloa
Glastonbury thorn. See Crataegus Grayleaf cranesbill. See Geranium cinereum. Hedge bamboo. See Bambusa multiplex.
Gray poplar. See Populus x canescens. Hedge fern. See Polystichum setiferum. conspicua.
monogyna ‘Biflora’. Gray’s sedge. See Carex grayi. Hedgehog broom. See Erinacea anthyllis. Hungarian oak. See Quercus frainetto.
Globe amaranth. See Gomphrena globosa. Great bellflower. See Campanula latifolia. Hedgehog cactus. See Echinocereus. Huntingdon elm. See Ulmus x hollandica
Globe candytuft. See Iberis umbellata. Great camass. See Camassia leichtlinii. Hedgehog holly. See Ilex aquifolium ‘Ferox’.
Globe daisy. See Globularia. Greater burnet. See Sanguisorba officinalis. Hedgehog rose. See Rosa rugosa. ‘Vegeta’.
Globeflower. See Trollius. Greater celandine. See Chelidonium. Hedge prinsepia. See Prinsepia uniflora. Huntsman’s cup. See Sarracenia purpurea.
Globe thistle. See Echinops. Greater pond sedge. See Carex riparia. Heliotrope. See Heliotropium. Hyacinth. See Hyacinthus.
Gloriosa daisy. See Rudbeckia hirta. Greater quaking grass. See Briza maxima. Hellebore. See Helleborus. Hyacinth bean. See Lablab purpureus.
Glorybower. See Clerodendrum. Greater spearwort. See Ranunculus lingua. Helmet flower. See Aconitum napellus. Hyssop. See Hyssopus.
Glory bush. See Tibouchina urvilleana. Greater woodrush. See Luzula sylvatica. Hemlock. See Tsuga. Hyssop. See Hyssopus officinalis.
Glory lily. See Gloriosa superba. Great white cherry. See Prunus ‘Taihaku’. Hemp vine. See Mikania scandens.
Glory of Texas. See Thelocactus bicolor. Great white trillium. See Trillium Hen-and-chicken fern. See Asplenium I
Glory-of-the-snow. See Chionodoxa.
Glory of the sun. See Leucocoryne ixioides. grandiflorum. bulbiferum. Iberis stonecress. See Aethionema
Glory vine. See Eccremocarpus scaber. Grecian strawberry tree. See Arbutus Hen and chicks. See Echeveria elegans; E. iberideum.
Glossy abelia. See Abelia x grandiflora.
Goat’s beard. See Aruncus dioicus. andrachne. secunda. Iceland poppy. See Papaver croceum.
Goat’s rue. See Galega. Grecian windflower. See Anemone blanda. Hens and chicks. See Sempervivum Ice plant. See Carpobrotus; Delosperma.
Goat willow. See Salix caprea. Greek fir. See Abies cephalonica. Illawarra flame tree. See Brachychiton
Goldback fern. See Pityrogramma Greek valerian. See Polemonium caeruleum. tectorum.
Green arrow arum. See Peltandra virginica. Herald’s trumpet. See Beaumontia acerifolius.
triangularis. Green ash. See Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Illawarra palm. See Archontophoenix
Gold dust. See Aurinia saxatilis. Green earth star. See Cryptanthus acaulis. grandiflora.
Golden bamboo. See Phyllostachys aurea. Green hellebore. See Helleborus viridis. Herb baron. See Thymus herba-barona. cunninghamiana.
Golden barrel cactus. See Echinocactus Greenleaf manzanita. See Arctostaphylos Heropito. See Pseudowintera axillaris. Immortelle. See Xeranthemum annuum;
Herringbone plant. See Maranta leuconeura
grusonii. patula. X. bracteatum.
Golden calla. See Zantedeschia elliottiana. Green Texas spoon. See Dasylirion texanum. ‘Erythroneura’. Incense cedar. See Calocedrus decurrens.
Golden carpet. See Sedum acre. Green-veined orchid. See Anacamptis Hiba arborvitae. See Thujopsis dolabrata. Incense plant. See Calomeria amaranthoides.
Golden clematis. See Clematis SUGAR CANDY Hickory. See Carya. Incense rose. See Rosa primula.
morio. Higan cherry. See Prunus x subhirtella. Indian almond. See Terminalia catappa.
(‘Evione’). Griffith’s leadwort. See Cephalophyllum Highbush blueberry. See Vaccinium Indian bean. See Lablab purpureus.
Golden club. See Orontium. Indian blanket. See Gaillardia pulchella.
Golden creeping Jenny. See Lysimachia pillansii. corymbosum. Indian cress. See Tropaeolum majus.
Ground cherry. See Physalis. Hill cherry. See Prunus jamasakura. Indian currant. See Symphoricarpos
nummularia ‘Aurea’. Ground ivy. See Glechoma hederacea. Himalayan birch. See Betula utilis.
Golden dewdrop. See Duranta erecta. Guelder rose. See Viburnum opulus. Himalayan blue poppy. See Meconopsis orbiculatus.
Golden elder. See Sambucus nigra ‘Aurea’. Guernsey lily. See Nerine sarniensis. Indian fig. See Ficus benghalensis; Opuntia
Golden-eyed grass. See Sisyrinchium Gum. See Eucalyptus. grandis.
Gum plant. See Grindelia. Himalayan box. See Buxus wallichiana. ficus-indica.
californicum. Himalayan cinquefoil. See Potentilla Indian ginger. See Alpinia calcarata.
Golden-feather palm. See Dypsis lutescens. H Indian hawthorn. See Rhaphiolepis indica.
Golden flax. See Linum flavum. atrosanguinea. Indian horse-chestnut. See Aesculus indica.
Golden foxtail. See Alopecurus pratensis Hackberry. See Celtis. Himalayan cobra lily. See Arisaema Indian laburnum. See Cassia fistula.
Hairbrush cactus. See Pachycereus pecten- Indian physic. See Gillenia trifoliata.
‘Aureovariegatus’. consanguineum. Indian pink. See Dianthus chinensis.
Golden garlic. See Allium moly. aboriginum. Himalayan cowslip. See Primula sikkimensis. Indian plum. See Oemleria cerasiformis.
Golden larch. See Pseudolarix amabilis. Hair grass. See Deschampsia. Himalayan holly. See Ilex dipyrena. Indian strawberry. See Duchesnea indica.
Golden male fern. See Dryopteris affinis. Hairy brome grass. See Bromus ramosus. Himalayan honeysuckle. See Leycesteria India rubber fig. See Ficus elastica.
Golden marguerite. See Anthemis tinctoria. Hairy canary clover. See Lotus hirsutus. Inkberry. See Ilex glabra.
Golden moss. See Sedum acre. Hakone grass. See Hakonechloa. formosa. Interrupted fern. See Osmunda claytoniana.
Golden oak of Cyprus. See Quercus alnifolia. Hard fern. See Blechnum spicant. Himalayan knotweed. See Persicaria affinis. Iris. See Iris.
Golden oats. See Stipa gigantea. Hard shield fern. See Polystichum aculeatum. Himalayan lilac. See Syringa emodi. Irish heath. See Daboecia cantabrica.
Golden polypody. See Phlebodium aureum. Hardy age. See Ageratina altissima. Himalayan maidenhair fern. See Adiantum Irish ivy. See Hedera hibernica.
Goldenrain tree. See Koelreuteria paniculata. Hardy cyclamen. See Cyclamen graecum. Irish moss. See Soleirolia soleirolii.
Golden-rayed lily of Japan. See Lilium Hardy jasmine. See Jasminum nudiflorum. venustum. Irish shamrock. See Oxalis acetosella
Hardy kiwi. See Actinidia arguta. Himalayan May apple. See Sinopodophyllum
auratum. Hardy rubber tree. See Eucommia ulmoides. var. subpurpurascens.
Golden rod. See Solidago. hexandrum. Irish yew. See Taxus baccata ‘Fastigiata’.
Golden shower. See Cassia fistula. Himalayan peony. See Paeonia emodi.
Golden smoke bush. See Cotinus coggygria Himalayan spruce. See Picea smithiana.
Himalayan weeping juniper. See Juniperus
GOLDEN SPIRIT (‘Ancot’).
Golden Spaniard. See Aciphylla aurea. recurva.
Golden spider lily. See Lycoris aurea. Hinoki false cypress. See Chamaecyparis
Golden top. See Lamarckia aurea.
Golden trumpet. See Allamanda cathartica. obtusa.
Holford pine. See Pinus x holfordiana.
Holland elm. See Ulmus x hollandica.
Holly. See Ilex.
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INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Iron cross begonia. See Begonia masoniana. Japanese silver grass. See Miscanthus Kousa dogwood. See Cornus ‘Porlock’. Lilac daphne. See Daphne genkwa.
Ironwood. See Ostrya virginiana. sinensis. Kowhai. See Sophora. Lilac fuchsia. See Fuchsia arborescens.
Italian alder. See Alnus cordata. Kurrajong. See Brachychiton populneus. Lilac geranium. See Geranium himalayense.
Italian alkanet. See Anchusa azurea. Japanese snowball bush. See Viburnum Kusamaki. See Podocarpus macrophyllus. Lily. See Lilium.
Italian aster. See Aster amellus. plicatum. Kyushu azalea. See Rhododendron Lily-flowered magnolia. See Magnolia
Italian bellflower. See Campanula isophylla.
Italian buckthorn. See Rhamnus alaternus. Japanese spicebush. See Lindera obtusiloba. kiusianum. liliiflora.
Italian clematis. See Clematis VINO (‘Poulvo’). Japanese spindle. See Euonymus japonicus. Lily leek. See Allium moly.
Italian cypress. See Cupressus sempervirens Japanese spurge. See Pachysandra L Lily of the palace. See Hippeastrum aulicum.
Lily-of-the-valley. See Convallaria.
‘Stricta’. terminalis. Lablab. See Lablab purpureus. Lily-of-the-valley bush. See Pieris japonica.
Italian ivy. See Hedera helix f. poetarum. Japanese tassel fern. See Polystichum Labrador tea. See Ledum groenlandicum. Lily-of-the-valley tree. See Clethra arborea.
Italian jasmine. See Solanum seaforthianum. Lace aloe. See Aloe aristata. Lily tree. See Magnolia denudata.
Italian maple. See Acer opalus. polyblepharum. Lace aralia. See Polyscias guilfoylei Lilyturf. See Liriope; Ophiopogon.
Italian millet. See Setaria italica S. Japanese umbrella pine. See Sciadopitys Linden. See Tilia.
‘Victoriae’. Lingberry. See Vaccinium vitis-idaea subsp.
macrostachya. verticillata. Lacebark. See Hoheria populnea.
Italian oak. See Quercus frainetto. Japanese walnut. See Juglans ailantifolia. Lacebark elm. See Ulmus parvifolia. minus.
Ivy. See Hedera. Japanese white pine. See Pinus parviflora. Lacebark pine. See Pinus bungeana. Lion’s ear. See Leonotis leonurus.
Ivy-leaf peperomia. See Peperomia Japanese winterberry. See Ilex serrata. Lacecap. See Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Lanarth Lipstick plant. See Aeschynanthus pulcher.
Japanese wisteria. See Wisteria floribunda. Lisianthus. See Eustoma grandiflorum.
griseoargentea. Japanese witch hazel. See Hamamelis White’. Littleleaf linden. See Tilia cordata.
Ivy-leaved maple. See Acer cissifolium. Lace flower. See Episcia dianthiflora. Little walnut. See Juglans microcarpa.
Ivy-leaved toadflax. See Cymbalaria japonica. Lacquered wine-cup. See Aechmea Foster’s Living granite. See Pleiospilos.
Japanese yew. See Taxus cuspidata. Living rock. See Ariocarpus.
muralis. Japanese zelkova. See Zelkova serrata. Favorite Group. Livingstone daisy. See Dorotheanthus
Ivy-leaved violet. See Viola hederacea. Japan pepper. See Zanthoxylum piperitum. Ladder fern. See Nephrolepis cordifolia.
Ivy of Uruguay. See Cissus striata. Jasmine. See Jasminum. Lad’s love. See Artemisia abrotanum. bellidiformis.
Jasmine tobacco. See Nicotiana alata. Lady Banks’ rose. See Rosa banksiae. Living stones. See Lithops.
J J Jeffrey pine. See Pinus jeffreyi. Lady fern. See Athyrium filix-femina. Lizard plant. See Tetrastigma voinierianum.
Jelly palm. See Butia capitata. Lady-of-the-night. See Brassavola nodosa. Lizard’s tail. See Saururus cernuus.
730 Jaburan lily. See Ophiopogon jaburan. Jersey elm. See Ulmus minor ‘Sarniensis’. Lady palm. See Rhapis. Lobel’s maple. See Acer cappadocicum
Jack-in-the-pulpit. See Arisaema triphyllum. Jerusalem cherry. See Solanum Lady’s mantle. See Alchemilla.
Jack pine. See Pinus banksiana. Lady’s slipper. See Cypripedium. subsp. lobelii.
Jacobean lily. See Sprekelia formosissima. pseudocapsicum. Lady tulip. See Tulipa clusiana. Lodgepole pine. See Pinus contorta
Jacob’s coat. See Acalypha wilkesiana. Jerusalem cross. See Lychnis chalcedonica. Lambkill kalmia. See Kalmia angustifolia.
Jacob’s ladder. See Polemonium. Jerusalem sage. See Phlomis fruticosa. Lambs’ ears. See Stachys byzantina. var. latifolia.
Jacob’s rod. See Asphodeline. Jerusalem thorn. See Paliurus spina-christi; Lamb’s-tail cactus. See Echinocereus Lollipop plant. See Pachystachys lutea.
Jade tree. See Crassula ovata. Lombardy poplar. See Populus nigra ‘Italica’.
Jade vine. See Strongylodon macrobotrys. Parkinsonia aculeata. schmollii. London plane. See Platanus x hispanica.
Japanese anemone. See Anemone Jesuit’s nut. See Trapa natans. Lanceleaf coreopsis. See Coreopsis ‘Rum London pride. See Saxifraga x urbium.
Jetbeard. See Rhodotypos scandens. Longleaf lungwort. See Pulmonaria
hupehensis; A. x hybrida. Jewel box. See Titanopsis calcarea. Punch’.
Japanese apricot. See Prunus mume. Jewel plant. See Titanopsis calcarea. Lancewood. See Pseudopanax crassifolius. longifolia.
Japanese aralia tree. See Aralia elata. Job’s tears. See Coix lacryma-jobi. Lantern tree. See Crinodendron Longspur columbine. See Aquilegia
Japanese arrowhead. See Sagittaria Joe Pye weed. See Eupatorium purpureum.
Johnny-jump-up. See Viola tricolor. hookerianum. longissima.
sagittifolia. Josephine’s lily. See Brunsvigia josephinae. Larch. See Larix. Longstalk holly. See Ilex pedunculosa.
Japanese arrowroot. See Pueraria lobata. Joseph’s coat. See Alternanthera dentata Large-leaved linden. See Tilia platyphyllos. Loosestrife. See Lysimachia; Lythrum.
Japanese aucuba. See Aucuba japonica. Large merrybells. See Uvularia grandiflora. Loquat. See Eriobotrya japonica.
Japanese banana. See Musa basjoo. ‘Purple Knight’. Large selfheal. See Prunella grandiflora. Lorraine begonia. See Begonia ‘Gloire
Japanese barberry. See Berberis thunbergii. Judas tree. See Cercis siliquastrum. Large yellow restharrow. See Ononis
Japanese bigleaf magnolia. See Magnolia Juneberry. See Amelanchier. de Lorraine’.
Jungle flame. See Ixora coccinea. natrix. Lotus. See Nelumbo.
obovata. Jungle geranium. See Ixora coccinea. Larkspur. See Conophytum truncatum; Love grass. See Eragrostis.
Japanese bitter orange. See Poncirus Juniper. See Juniperus. Love-in-a-mist. See Nigella damascena.
Consolida. Love-in-idleness. See Viola tricolor.
trifoliata. K Late Dutch honeysuckle. See Lonicera Love-lies-bleeding. See Amaranthus
Japanese black pine. See Pinus thunbergii.
Japanese camellia. See Camellia japonica. Kahili ginger. See Hedychium gardnerianum. periclymenum ‘Serotina’. caudatus.
Japanese clethra. See Clerodendrum Kaki. See Diospyros kaki. Laurel. See Prunus lusitanica. Lowbush blueberry. See Vaccinium
Kamchatka bugbane. See Cimicifuga Laurel oak. See Quercus laurifolia.
trichotomum. Laurel willow. See Salix pentandra. angustifolium var. laevifolium.
Japanese cleyera. See Clethra delavayi. racemosa. Laurustinus. See Viburnum tinus. Lucky clover. See Oxalis tetraphylla.
Japanese climbing fern. See Lygodium Kangaroo paw. See Anigozanthos. Lavandin. See Lavandula x intermedia (L. Lucombe oak. See Quercus x hispanica
Kangaroo vine. See Cissus antarctica.
japonicum. Kansas gayfeather. See Liatris pycnostachya. angustifolia x L. latifolia). ‘Lucombeana’.
Japanese cryptomeria. See Cryptomeria Kapok. See Ceiba pentandra. Lavender. See Lavandula. Lungwort. See Pulmonaria.
Karo. See Pittosporum crassifolium. Lavender cotton. See Santolina Lupine. See Lupinus.
japonica. Kashmir cypress. See Cupressus Lyre flower. See Dicentra spectabilis.
Japanese fatsia. See Fatsia japonica. chamaecyparissus.
Japanese flowering crabapple. See Malus cashmeriana. Lawson false cypress. See Chamaecyparis M
Katsura. See Cercidiphyllum japonicum.
floribunda. Kenilworth ivy. See Cymbalaria muralis. lawsoniana. Macadamia nut. See Macadamia integrifolia.
Japanese flowering quince. See Kentia palm. See Howea forsteriana. Lead plant. See Amorpha canescens. Macedonian pine. See Pinus peuce.
Kentucky coffee tree. See Gymnocladus Leadwort. See Ceratostigma griffithii; Mackay’s heath. See Erica mackayana.
Chaenomeles japonica. Madagascar jasmine. See Stephanotis
Japanese foam flower. See Tanakaea. dioica. Plumbago.
Japanese holly. See Ilex crenata. Kermes oak. See Quercus coccifera. Leafy Jacob’s ladder. See Polemonium floribunda.
Japanese holly fern. See Cyrtomium Kerosene bush. See Ozothamnus ledifolius. Madeira vine. See Anredera.
Kingfisher daisy. See Felicia bergeriana. foliosissimum. Madonna lily. See Lilium candidum.
falcatum. King palm. See Archontophoenix. Least cattail. See Typha minima. Madroña. See Arbutus menziesii.
Japanese honeysuckle. See Lonicera King protea. See Protea cynaroides. Least snowbell. See Soldanella minima. Madroñe. See Arbutus menziesii.
King’s crown. See Justicia carnea. Least willow. See Salix herbacea. Magnolia. See Magnolia.
japonica. King William pine. See Athrotaxis Leatherleaf. See Chamaedaphne calyculata. Mahoe. See Melicytus ramiflorus.
Japanese horse-chestnut. See Aesculus Leatherleaf mahonia. See Mahonia japonica Maidenhair fern. See Adiantum capillus-
selaginoides.
turbinata. Kinnikinick. See Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. Bealei Group. veneris.
Japanese ivy. See Hedera rhombea. Kiwi fruit. See Actinidia deliciosa. Leatherleaf sedge. See Carex buchananii. Maidenhair spleenwort. See Asplenium
Japanese lantern. See Hibiscus schizopetalus; Klapperbos. See Nymania capensis. Leatherwood. See Cyrilla racemiflora.
Knotweed. See Persicaria. Lemon mint. See Mentha x piperita f. citrata. trichomanes.
Physalis alkekengi. Kohuhu. See Pittosporum tenuifolium. Lemon verbena. See Aloysia triphylla. Maidenhair tree. See Ginkgo biloba.
Japanese larch. See Larix kaempferi. Korean abelialeaf. See Abeliophyllum Lemonwood. See Pittosporum eugenioides. Maidenhair vine. See Muehlenbeckia
Japanese maple. See Acer japonicum; A. Lenten rose. See Helleborus x hybridus.
distichum. Lent lily. See Narcissus pseudonarcissus. complexa.
palmatum. Korean arborvitae. See Thuja koraiensis. Leopard lily. See Lilium pardalinum. Maiden pink. See Dianthus deltoides.
Japanese mock orange. See Pittosporum Korean bellflower. See Campanula Leopard plant. See Farfugium japonicum Majorcan peony. See Paeonia cambessedesii.
Malay ginger. See Costus speciosus.
tobira. takesimana. ‘Aureomaculatum’. Male fern. See Dryopteris filix-mas.
Japanese pagoda tree. See Sophora Korean fir. See Abies koreana. Leopard’s bane. See Doronicum. Mallow. See Lavatera; Malva.
Korean forsythia. See Forsythia ovata. Lesser celandine. See Ranunculus ficaria. Maltese cross. See Lychnis chalcedonica.
japonica. Korean mountain ash. See Sorbus alnifolia. Lesser periwinkle. See Vinca minor. Mamaku. See Cyathea medullaris.
Japanese painted fern. See Athyrium Korean rock fern. See Polystichum Leyland cypress. See Cupressus macrocarpa Manchu cherry. See Prunus tomentosa.
Mandrake. See Mandragora.
niponicum. tsussimense. ‘Goldcrest’. Man fern. See Dicksonia antarctica.
Japanese persimmon. See Diospyros kaki. Koreanspice viburnum. See Viburnum Licorice fern. See Polypodium glycyrrhiza. Manipur lily. See Lilium mackliniae.
Japanese poplar. See Populus maximowiczii. Licorice plant. See Helichrysum petiolare.
Japanese primrose. See Primula japonica. carlesii. Lijiang spruce. See Picea likiangensis.
Japanese privet. See Ligustrum japonicum. Lilac. See Syringa.
Japanese red pine. See Pinus densiflora.
Japanese rose. See Rosa rugosa.
Japanese sago palm. See Cycas revoluta.
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INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Manna ash. See Fraxinus ornus. Mintleaf. See Plectranthus madagascariensis. Mouse plant. See Arisarum proboscideum. North Island edelweiss. See Leucogenes
Manna grass. See Glyceria. Mirbeck’s oak. See Quercus canariensis. Moutan. See Paeonia suffruticosa. leontopodium.
Manna gum. See Eucalyptus viminalis. Mist flower. See Ageratina altissima. Mt. Atlas daisy. See Anacyclus pyrethrum
Manuka. See Leptospermum scoparium. Mistletoe fig. See Ficus deltoidea. Norway maple. See Acer platanoides.
Manzanita. See Arbutus; Arctostaphylos. Miterwort. See Mitella breweri. var. depressus. Norway spruce. See Picea abies.
Maple. See Acer. Mixican giant hyssop. See Agastache Mugo pine. See Pinus mugo. Nosegay frangipani. See Plumeria rubra.
Mapleleaf begonia. See Begonia dregei; B. Mulberry. See Morus. Nun orchid. See Phaius tankervilleae.
mexicana. Mullein. See Verbascum. Nutmeg yew. See Torreya.
‘Weltoniensis’. Mock orange. See Philadelphus coronarius. Musk. See Mimulus moschatus.
Mapleleaf viburnum. See Viburnum Molly the witch. See Paeonia mlokosewitschii. Musk hyacinth. See Muscari neglectum. O P
Monarch birch. See Betula maximowicziana. Musk mallow. See Malva moschata.
acerifolium. Monarch of the East. See Sauromatum Musk willow. See Salix aegyptiaca. Oak. See Quercus.
Marginal wood fern. See Dryopteris Myriad leaf. See Myriophyllum verticillatum. Oak fern. See Gymnocarpium dryopteris.
venosum. Myrobalan. See Prunus cerasifera. Oakleaf hydrangea. See Hydrangea
marginalis. Mondo grass. See Ophiopogon japonicus. Myrtle. See Myrtus.
Marguerite. See Argyranthemum frutescens. Money plant. See Lunaria annua. quercifolia.
Marigold. See Calendula; Tagetes. Money tree. See Crassula ovata. N Oat grass. See Arrhenatherum.
Mariposa lilies. See Calochortus. Mongolian linden. See Tilia mongolica. Obedient plant. See Physostegia.
Maritime pine. See Pinus pinaster. Monkey cup. See Nepenthes. Nailwort. See Paronychia capitata. Oconee bells. See Shortia galacifolia.
Marjoram. See Origanum. Monkey musk. See Mimulus. Naked coral tree. See Erythrina coralloides. Octopus tree. See Schefflera actinophylla.
Marmalade bush. See Streptosolen Monkey plant. See Ruellia makoyana. Nandina. See Nandina domestica. Ohio buckeye. See Aesculus glabra.
Monkey puzzle. See Araucaria araucana. Nankeen lily. See Lilium x testaceum. Old blush China rose. See Rosa x odorata
jamesonii. Monkshood. See Aconitum. Nanking cherry. See Prunus tomentosa.
Marsh andromeda. See Andromeda polifolia. Monkshood vine. See Ampelopsis Nannyberry. See Viburnum lentago. ‘Pallida’.
Marsh blue violet. See Viola obliqua. Naples onion. See Allium neapolitanum. Old man. See Artemisia abrotanum.
Marsh fern. See Thelypteris palustris. aconitifolia. Narcissus onion. See Allium narcissiflorum. Old-man cactus. See Cephalocereus senilis.
Marsh orchid. See Dactylorhiza elata; D. Montbretia. See Crocosmia. Narihira bamboo. See Semiarundinaria Old pink moss. See Rosa x centifolia
Monterey ceanothus. See Ceanothus rigidus
foliosa. fastuosa. ‘Muscova’.
Marsh trefoil. See Menyanthes trifoliata. var. rigidus. Narrow beech fern. See Phegopteris Oleander. See Nerium oleander.
Martagon lily. See Lilium martagon. Monterey cypress. See Cupressus Oleaster. See Elaeagnus angustifolia.
Mary’s thistle. See Silybum marianum. connectilis. Olive. See Olea europaea.
Mask flower. See Alonsoa warscewiczii. macrocarpa. Narrow-leaved ash. See Fraxinus angustifolia Opium poppy. See Papaver somniferum.
Masterwort. See Astrantia. Monterey pine. See Pinus radiata. Orange butterfly bush. See Buddleja
Mastic tree. See Pistacia lentiscus. Montpelier maple. See Acer subsp. oxycarpa.
Matilija poppy. See Romneya. Nasturtium. See Tropaeolum majus. globosa.
Mayapple. See Podophyllum peltatum. monspessulanum. Natal plum. See Carissa macrocarpa. Orange cestrum. See Ceropegia haygarthii.
Mayflower. See Epigaea repens. Moonflower. See Ipomoea alba. Natal ivy. See Senecio macroglossus. Orange jasmine. See Murraya paniculata.
May lily. See Maianthemum. Moonlight holly. See Ilex aquifolium Navelwort. See Omphalodes cappadocica. Orange lily. See Lilium bulbiferum.
Mayten. See Maytenus boaria. Necklace poplar. See Populus deltoides. Orchid cactus. See Epiphyllum.
Meadow cranesbill. See Geranium pratense. ‘Flavescens’. Nectarine. See Prunus. Orchid tree. See Bauhinia.
Meadow foam. See Limnanthes douglasii. Moonseed. See Menispermum. Needle juniper. See Juniperus rigida. Oregano. See Origanum vulgare.
Meadow lily. See Lilium canadense. Moonstones. See Pachyphytum oviferum. Needle spike-rush. See Eleocharis acicularis. Oregon grapeholly. See Mahonia
Meadow phlox. See Phlox maculata. Moreton Bay chestnut. See Nepalese ivy. See Hedera nepalensis.
Meadow rue. See Thalictrum. Nerve plant. See Fittonia. aquifolium.
Meadow saffron. See Colchicum autumnale. Castanospermum. Nettle-leaved bellflower. See Campanula Oregon maple. See Acer macrophyllum.
Meadow saxifrage. See Saxifraga granulata. Moreton Bay fig. See Ficus macrophylla. Oregon oak. See Quercus garryana.
Meadowsweet. See Filipendula ulmaria. Morning glory. See Ipomoea. trachelium. Oregon plum. See Oemleria cerasiformis.
Medicinal aloe. See Aloe vera. Moroccan broom. See Cytisus battandieri. Nettle-leaved mullein. See Verbascum Oriental beech. See Fagus orientalis.
Medick. See Medicago. Moses-in-the-cradle. See Tradescantia Oriental photinia. See Photinia villosa.
Medlar. See Mespilus germanica. chaixii. Oriental poppy. See Papaver orientale.
Merrybells. See Uvularia. spathacea. New England aster. See Aster novae- Oriental spruce. See Picea orientalis.
Mescal button. See Lophophora williamsii. Mosquito grass. See Bouteloua gracilis. Oriental sweetgum. See Liquidambar
Metal-leaf begonia. See Begonia metallica. Moss campion. See Silene acaulis. angliae.
Mexican abelia. See Abelia floribunda. Moss phlox. See Phlox subulata. New Guinea creeper. See Mucuna bennettii. orientalis.
Mexican breadfruit. See Monstera deliciosa. Moss rose. See Portulaca grandiflora. New York aster. See Aster novi-belgii. Oriental sycamore. See Platanus orientalis.
Mexican bush sage. See Salvia leucantha. Mossycup oak. See Quercus macrocarpa. New Zealand bluebell. See Wahlenbergia Oriental white oak. See Quercus aliena.
Mexican creeper. See Antigonon leptopus. Mother-in-law’s tongue. See Dieffenbachia; Ornamemtal onion. See Allium.
Mexican cypress. See Cupressus lusitanica. albomarginata. Ornamental cabbage. See Brassica oleracea
Mexican daisy. See Erigeron karvinskianus. Sansevieria trifasciata. New Zealand burr. See Acaena.
Mexican fern palm. See Dioon edule. Mother-of-pearl plant. See Graptopetalum New Zealand cabbage palm. See Cordyline forms.
Mexican firecracker. See Echeveria setosa. Ornamental pepper. See Capsicum annuum.
Mexican flame vine. See Pseudogynoxys paraguayense. australis. Ornamental yam. See Dioscorea
Mother of thousands. See Saxifraga New Zealand Christmas tree. See
chenopodioides. dodecaneura.
Mexican flannel bush. See stolonifera; Soleirolia. Metrosideros robusta. Orris root. See Iris germanica ‘Florentina’.
Mother of thyme. See Thymus serpyllum. New Zealand edelweiss. See Leucogenes. Osage orange. See Maclura pomifera.
Fremontodendron mexicanum. Mother spleenwort. See Asplenium New Zealand flax. See Phormium tenax. Oso berry. See Oemleria cerasiformis.
Mexican foxglove. See Tetranema roseum. New Zealand honeysuckle. See Knightia Oval-leaved mint bush. See Prostanthera
Mexican giant hyssop. See Agastache. bulbiferum.
Mexican hat plant. See Kalanchoe Moth orchid. See Phalaenopsis. excelsa. ovalifolia.
Mountain avens. See Dryas. New Zealand tea-tree. See Leptospermum Ovens wattle. See Acacia pravissima.
daigremontiana. Mountain bluet. See Centaurea Owl’s eyes. See Huernia zebrina.
Mexican lily. See Hippeastrum reginae. scoparium. Ox-eye chamomile. See Anthemis tinctoria.
Mexican orange. See Choisya ternata. macrocephala. Ngaio. See Myoporum laetum. Oxlip. See Primula elatior.
Mexican stone pine. See Pinus cembroides. Mountain buckler fern. See Oreopteris Night-blooming cereus. See Hylocereus Oyama magnolia. See Magnolia sieboldii.
Mexican sunflower. See Tithonia rotundifolia. Oyster plant. See Mertensia maritima.
Mexican tulip poppy. See Hunnemannia limbosperma. undatus. Ozark sundrops. See Oenothera macrocarpa.
Mountain false lupine. See Thermopsis Nikko fir. See Abies homolepis.
fumariifolia. Nikko maple. See Acer maximowiczianum. P 731
Mexican violet. See Tetranema roseum. rhombifolia. Ninebark. See Physocarpus opulifolius.
Mexican white pine. See Pinus ayacahuite. Mountain fern. See Oreopteris limbosperma. Nirre. See Nothofagus antarctica. Pacific fir. See Abies amabilis.
Mexican yellow pine. See Pinus patula. Mountain flax. See Phormium cookianum. Noble fir. See Abies procera. Pagoda dogwood. See Cornus alba ‘Spaethii’.
Mezereon. See Daphne mezereum. Mountain fleece. See Persicaria amplexicaulis. Nodding catchfly. See Silene pendula. Pagoda tree. See Plumeria.
Michaelmas daisy. See Aster. Mountain gum. See Eucalyptus dalrympleana. Nodding lily. See Lilium cernuum. Painted daisy. See Tanacetum coccineum.
Mickey Mouse plant. See Ochna serrulata. Mountain hakea. See Hakea lissosperma. Nodding trillium. See Trillium cernuum. Painted net leaf. See Fittonia.
Mignonette. See Reseda. Mountain heather. See Cassiope Nootka false cypress. See Chamaecyparis Painted net-leaf. See Fittonia albivenis
Mignonette vine. See Anredera.
Mile-a-minute plant. See Fallopia lycopodioides. nootkatensis. Verschaffeltii Group.
Mountain hemlock. See Tsuga mertensiana. Norfolk Island hibiscus. See Lagunaria. Painted trillium. See Trillium undulatum.
baldschuanica. Mountain holly. See Olearia ilicifolia. Norfolk Island pine. See Araucaria Painted wood lily. See Trillium undulatum.
Milfoil. See Myriophyllum. Mountain hydrangea. See Hydrangea Paleleaf barberry. See Berberis candidula.
Milkweed. See Asclepias; Euphorbia. heterophylla. Palm tree jack. See Arisaema
Milkwort. See Polygala calcarea. serrata. Northern bungalow palm. See
Milky bellflower. See Campanula lactiflora. Mountain laurel. See Kalmia latifolia. consanguineum.
Mimicry plant. See Pleiospilos bolusii. Mountain onion. See Allium oreophilum. Archontophoenix alexandrae. Pampas grass. See Cortaderia selloana.
Mimosa. See Acacia dealbata. Mountain pansy. See Viola lutea. Northern catalpa. See Catalpa ovata. Panamiga. See Pilea involucrata.
Mind-your-own-business. See Soleirolia. Mountain pieris. See Pieris floribunda. Northern Japanese hemlock. See Tsuga Panda plant. See Kalanchoe tomentosa.
Miniature date palm. See Phoenix roebelenii. Mountain pine. See Pinus mugo. Panicle hydrangea. See Hydrangea
Miniature fan palm. See Rhapis excelsa. Mountain pride. See Penstemon newberryi. diversifolia.
Miniature grape ivy. See Cissus striata. Mountain silver bell. See Halesia monticola. Northern maidenhair fern. See Adiantum paniculata.
Mint. See Mentha. Mountain sow thistle. See Cicerbita alpina. Pansy. See Viola x wittrockiana.
Mint bush. See Prostanthera. Mountain willow. See Salix arbuscula. pedatum. Pansy orchid. See Miltoniopsis.
Mountain wood fern. See Oreopteris Northern pin oak. See Quercus ellipsoidalis.
Northern pitch pine. See Pinus rigida.
limbosperma. Northern rata. See Metrosideros robusta.
Mount Cook lily. See Ranunculus lyallii. Northern red oak. See Quercus rubra.
Mount Etna broom. See Genista aetnensis. Northern washingtonia. See Washingtonia
Mount Morgan wattle. See Acacia
filifera.
podalyriifolia.
Mourning iris. See Iris susiana.
Mourning widow. See Geranium phaeum.
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INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
P Panther lily. See Lilium pardalinum. Piccabeen palm. See Archontophoenix Primrose jasmine. See Jasminum mesnyi. Rangoon creeper. See Quisqualis indica.
Paperbark maple. See Acer griseum. cunninghamiana. Prince Albert’s yew. See Saxegothaea Rata. See Metrosideros.
732 Paper-bark tree. See Melaleuca viridiflora Rat’s tail cactus. See Aporocactus.
Pickerel weed. See Pontederia cordata. conspicua. Rat’s-tail cactus. See Aporocactus
var. rubriflora. Pigeon berry. See Duranta erecta; Prince of Wales heath. See Erica perspicua.
Paper birch. See Betula papyrifera. Prince’s feather. See Amaranthus flagelliformis.
Paper mulberry. See Broussonetia Phytolacca americana. Ratstripper. See Paxistima canbyi.
Piggyback plant. See Tolmiea menziesii. hypochondriacus. Rauli. See Nothofagus x alpina.
papyrifera. Pignut. See Carya glabra. Princess tree. See Paulownia tomentosa. Red-and-green kangaroo paw. See
Paper reed. See Cyperus papyrus. Pignut hickory. See Carya glabra. Privet. See Ligustrum.
Papyrus. See Cyperus papyrus. Pilot plant. See Silphium laciniatum. Privet. See Ligustrum ovalifolium. Anigozanthos manglesii.
Parachute plant. See Ceropegia sandersonii. Pimpernel. See Anagallis. Prophet flower. See Arnebia pulchra. Red angels’ trumpet. See Brugmansia
Paradise lily. See Paradisea. Pin cherry. See Prunus pensylvanica. Prostrate speedwell. See Veronica prostrata.
Parapara. See Pisonia umbellifera. Pincushion. See Leucospermum. Provence rose. See Rosa x centifolia. sanguinea.
Parlor ivy. See Senecio mikanioides. Pincushion flower. See Scabiosa atropurpurea. Provins rose. See Rosa gallica var. officinalis. Red ash. See Fraxinus pennsylvanica.
Parlor palm. See Chamaedorea elegans. Pine. See Pinus. Pudding pipe-tree. See Cassia fistula. Red banana passionflower. See Passiflora
Parrot flower. See Heliconia psittacorum. Pineapple. See Ananas. Puka. See Meryta sinclairii.
Parrot leaf. See Alternanthera ficoidea. Pineapple broom. See Cytisus battandieri. Pukanui. See Meryta sinclairii. antioquiensis.
Parrot lily. See Alstroemeria psittacina. Pineapple flower. See Eucomis. Pukapuka. See Brachyglottis repanda. Red baneberry. See Actaea rubra.
Parrot’s bill. See Clianthus puniceus. Pineapple guava. See Acca sellowiana. Purple anise. See Illicium floridanum. Red bauhinia. See Bauhinia galpinii.
Parrot’s plantain. See Heliconia Pineapple lily. See Eucomis. Purple beech. See Fagus sylvatica f. Red-berried elder. See Sambucus racemosa.
Pineapple sage. See Salvia elegans ‘Scarlet Redbird flower. See Euphorbia tithymaloides
psittacorum. atropunicea.
Parry manzanita. See Arctostaphylos Pineapple’. Purple broom. See Chamaecytisus purpureus. ‘Variegata’.
Pine-mat manzanita. See Arctostaphylos Purple chokeberry. See Aronia x prunifolia. Red buckeye. See Aesculus pavia.
manzanita. Purple coneflower. See Echinacea purpurea. Redbud. See Cercis.
Parsley fern. See Cryptogramma crispa. nevadensis. Purple coral pea. See Hardenbergia violacea. Red cestrum. See Cestrum aurantiacum.
Parsons’ pink China rose. See Rosa x Pink. See Dianthus. Purpleleaf sand cherry. See Prunus x Red chokeberry. See Aronia arbutifolia.
Pink agapanthus. See Tulbaghia violacea. Red-edge peperomia. See Peperomia
odorata ‘Pallida’. Pink arum. See Zantedeschia rehmannii. cistena.
Partridgeberry. See Mitchella repens. Pink broom. See Carmichaelia carmichaeliae. Purple loosestrife. See Lythrum salicaria; L. clusiifolia.
Partridge-breasted aloe. See Aloe Pink dandelion. See Crepis incana. Red-flowering gum. See Eucalyptus ficifolia.
Pink lady’s-slipper. See Cypripedium acaule. virgatum. Red ginger lily. See Hedychium coccineum.
variegata. Pink powder puff. See Calliandra Purple moor grass. See Molinia caerulea. Red granadilla. See Passiflora coccinea.
Pasque flower. See Pulsatilla vulgaris. Purple mountain saxifrage. See Saxifraga Red gum. See Eucalyptus camaldulensis.
Passion flower. See Passiflora. haematocephala. Red horse-chestnut. See Aesculus x carnea.
Patience plant. See Impatiens walleriana. Pink sandwort. See Arenaria purpurascens. oppositifolia. Red-hot poker. See Kniphofia; K. uvaria.
Pawpaw. See Asimina triloba. Pink trumpet tree. See Tabebuia rosea. Purple orchid tree. See Bauhinia variegata. Red ink plant. See Phytolacca americana.
Peach. See Prunus persica. Pin oak. See Quercus palustris. Purple osier. See Salix purpurea. Red-leaf philodendron. See Philodendron
Peachleaf bellflower. See Campanula Pinwheel. See Aeonium haworthii. Purple rock brake. See Pellaea atropurpurea.
Pistachio. See Pistacia. Purple-stemmed cliff brake. See Pellaea erubescens.
persicifolia. Pitch apple. See Clusia rosea. Red lungwort. See Pulmonaria rubra.
Peacock flower. See Tigridia pavonia. Pitcher plant. See Sarracenia. atropurpurea. Red maple. See Acer rubrum.
Peacock lily. See Kaempferia roscoeana. Plane. See Platanus. Purple trillium. See Trillium erectum. Red mint. See Mentha x gracilis ‘Variegata’.
Peacock plant. See Calathea makoyana. Plantain. See Plantago. Purple velvet plant. See Gynura aurantiaca. Red morning glory. See Ipomoea coccinea.
Peanut cactus. See Echinopsis chamaecereus. Plantain lily. See Hosta. Purple wreath. See Petrea volubilis. Red mountain spinach. See Atriplex
Pear. See Pyrus. Plover eggs. See Adromischus cooperi. Purslane. See Portulaca.
Pearl bush. See Exochorda. Plum. See Prunus. Pussy ears. See Cyanotis somaliensis; hortensis var. rubra.
Pearl everlasting. See Anaphalis Plume poppy. See Macleaya. Red orach. See Atriplex hortensis var. rubra.
Plum yew. See Cephalotaxus harringtonii; Kalanchoe tomentosa. Red orchid cactus. See Disocactus
margaritacea. Pygmy date palm. See Phoenix roebelenii.
Pearl fruit. See Margyricarpus pinnatus. Prumnopitys andina. Pyramidal bugle. See Ajuga pyramidalis. ackermannii.
Pearl millet. See Pennisetum glaucum ‘Purple Plush plant. See Echeveria pulvinata. Pyrenean dead nettle. See Horminum Red osier dogwood. See Cornus sericea.
Plush plant. See Kalanchoe tomentosa. Red passionflower. See Passiflora manicata;
Majesty’. Poached-egg plant. See Limnanthes pyrenaicum.
Pearly everlasting. See Anaphalioides; Pyrenees cotoneaster. See Cotoneaster P. racemosa.
douglasii. Red pineapple. See Ananas bracteatus.
Anaphalis. Pocket handkerchief tree. See Davidia cashmiriensis. Red powder puff. See Calliandra
Peashrub. See Caragana. Pyrenees thrift. See Armeria juniperifolia.
Pedunculate oak. See Quercus robur. involucrata. Pyrethrum. See Tanacetum coccineum. haematocephala.
Peepul. See Ficus religiosa. Poet’s ivy. See Hedera helix f. poetarum. Red powder puff. See Calliandra
Pelican flower. See Aristolochia grandiflora. Poet’s jasmine. See Jasminum officinale. Q
Pendulous sedge. See Carex pendula. Poet’s narcissus. See Narcissus poeticus. haematocephala.
Peony. See Paeonia. Pohutakawa. See Metrosideros. Quaking aspen. See Populus tremuloides. Red rose of Lancaster. See Rosa gallica
Pepper face. See Peperomia obtusifolia. Poinsettia. See Euphorbia pulcherrima. Quaking grass. See Briza.
Peppermint geranium. See Pelargonium Point Reyes ceanothus. See Ceanothus Quassia. See Picrasma quassioides. var. officinalis.
Queen Anne’s double daffodil. See Red spider lily. See Lycoris radiata.
tomentosum. dentatus. Red spike. See Cephalophyllum alstonii.
Peppermint tree. See Agonis flexuosa. Pokeweed. See Phytolacca americana. Narcissus ‘Eystettensis’. Red tip. See Photinia x fraseri.
Pepper tree. See Drimys lanceolata; Polar plant. See Silphium laciniatum. Queen Anne’s jonquil. See Narcissus Red tree. See Peperomia metallica.
Polka-dot cactus. See Opuntia microdasys Red-twigged linen. See Tilia platyphyllos
Schinus molle. jonquilla ‘Flore Pleno’.
Pepper-tree. See Pseudowintera axillaris. var. albispina. Queen anthurium. See Anthurium veitchii. ‘Rubra’.
Perennial candytuft. See Iberis saxatilis. Polka-dot plant. See Hypoestes Queen lily. See Phaedranassa. Red valerian. See Centranthus ruber.
Perennial flax. See Linum perenne. Queen of the meadow. See Filipendula Redvein enkianthus. See Enkianthus
Perennial honesty. See Lunaria rediviva. phyllostachya.
Perennial pea. See Lathyrus latifolius; Pomegranate. See Punica. ulmaria. campanulatus.
Pondweed. See Elodea. Queen-of-the-night. See Hylocereus undatus. Red whortleberry. See Vaccinium
Lathyrus sylvestris. Pontic azalea. See Rhododendron luteum. Queen of the night. See Selenicereus
Periwinkle. See Vinca. Pony-tail. See Beaucarnea recurvata. parvifolium.
Persian buttercup. See Ranunculus Poor man’s orchid. See Schizanthus. grandiflorus. Red yucca. See Hesperaloe parviflora.
Poplar. See Populus. Queen of the prairie. See Filipendula rubra. Regal lily. See Lilium regale.
asiaticus. Poppy. See Papaver. Queen palm. See Syagrus romanzoffiana. Restharrow. See Ononis.
Persian cornflower. See Centaurea cyanus Poppy anemone. See Anemone coronaria. Queensland nut. See Macadamia integrifolia. Resurrection lily. See Kaempferia rotunda;
Portia tree. See Thespesia populnea. Queensland pyramidal tree. See Lagunaria
Baby Series. Port Jackson fig. See Ficus rubiginosa. Lycoris squamigera.
Persian everlasting pea. See Lathyrus Portugal laurel. See Prunus lusitanica. patersonii. Resurrection plant. See Selaginella
Portuguese heath. See Erica lusitanica. Queensland silver wattle. See Acacia
rotundifolius. Possumhaw. See Viburnum acerifolium. lepidophylla.
Persian ironwood. See Parrotia persica. Potato vine. See Solanum laxum. podalyriifolia. Reticulated iris. See Iris reticulata.
Persian ivy. See Hedera colchica. Potomac cherry. See Prunus x yedoensis. Queen’s tears. See Billbergia nutans. Rewarewa. See Knightia excelsa.
Persian lilac. See Syringa x persica. Pouch flower. See Calceolaria. Queen’s wreath. See Petrea volubilis. Rex begonia vine. See Cissus discolor.
Persian maple. See Acer velutinum. Prayer plant. See Maranta leuconeura. Rhubarb. See Rheum.
Persian onion. See Allium aflatunense. Pretty face. See Triteleia ixioides. R Ribbon bush. See Hypoestes aristata.
Persian shield. See Strobilanthes dyerianus. Prickly ash. See Zanthoxylum simulans. Ribbon gum. See Eucalyptus viminalis.
Persian stone cress. See Aethionema Prickly Moses. See Acacia verticillata. Rabbit’s foot fern. See Phlebodium aureum. Ribbon plant. See Dracaena sanderiana.
Prickly pear. See Opuntia ficus-indica. Rabbit tracks. See Maranta leuconeura Ribbonwood. See Hoheria sexstylosa.
grandiflorum. Prickly poppy. See Argemone mexicana. Rice-paper plant. See Tetrapanax papyrifer.
Persian violet. See Exacum affine. Prickly shield fern. See Polystichum ‘Kerchoveana’. Rienga lily. See Arthropodium cirratum.
Peruvian daffodil. See Ismene narcissiflora; Rainbow star. See Cryptanthus bromelioides. River birch. See Betula nigra.
aculeatum. Rain daisy. See Dimorphotheca pluvialis. River red gum. See Eucalyptus
Pamianthe peruviana. Prickly thrift. See Acantholimon. Rainflower. See Zephyranthes.
Peruvian lily. See Alstroemeria. Pride of Bolivia. See Tipuana tipu. Rain lily. See Zephyranthes. camaldulensis.
Peruvian mastic tree. See Schinus molle. Pride of India. See Lagerstroemia speciosa. Raisin tree. See Hovenia dulcis. River walnut. See Juglans microcarpa.
Peruvian old-man cactus. See Espostoa Primrose. See Primula; Primula vulgaris. Ramanas rose. See Rosa rugosa. Roblé. See Nothofagus obliqua.
Ram’s horn. See Proboscidea louisianica. Rock cres. See Arabis.
lanata. Rangiora. See Brachyglottis repanda. Rocket candytuft. See Iberis amara.
Peyote. See Lophophora. Rock jasmine. See Androsace.
Pheasant’s eye. See Adonis vernalis; Rock lily. See Arthropodium cirratum.
Rock penstemon. See Penstemon rupicola.
Narcissus poeticus var. recurvus. Rock pincushion. See Leucospermum
Pheasant’s tail grass. See Stipa lessoniana.
Philippine violet. See Barleria cristata. reflexum.
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INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Rock rose. See Cistus; Helianthemum. Saucer magnolia. See Magnolia x Showy crabapple. See Malus floribunda. Snake bush. See Justicia adhatoda. S
Rock soapwort. See Saponaria ocymoides. soulangeana. Showy geranium. See Geranium x Snake gourd. See Trichosanthes cucumerina
Rock speedwell. See Veronica fruticans. 733
Rock spirea. See Petrophytum. Sausage tree. See Kigelia africana. magnificum. var. anguina.
Rock spray. See Cotoneaster horizontalis. Savin juniper. See Juniperus sabina. Showy stonecrop. See Sedum spectabile. Snake palm. See Amorphophallus konjac.
Rocky mountain columbine. See Aquilegia Sawara false cypress. See Chamaecyparis Shrimp plant. See Justicia brandegeeana. Snake plant. See Sansevieria trifasciata.
Shrubby cinquefoil. See Potentilla fruticosa. Snakeroot. See Polygala.
coerulea. pisifera. Shrubby germander. See Teucrium fruticans. Snake’s-head iris. See Hermodactylus
Rocky Mountain juniper. See Juniperus Sawfly orchid. See Ophrys tenthredinifera. Shrubby hare’s ear. See Bupleurum
Saw palmetto. See Serenoa repens. tuberosus.
scopulorum. Sawtooth oak. See Quercus acutissima. fruticosum. Snakeweed. See Persicaria bistorta.
Roman wormwood. See Artemisia pontica. Saxifrage. See Saxifraga. Shrubby penstemon. See Penstemon Snapdragon. See Antirrhinum.
Roof houseleek. See Sempervivum tectorum. Scabious. See Scabiosa. Sneezeweed. See Helenium.
Roof iris. See Iris tectorum. Scarlet ball cactus. See Parodia haselbergii. fruticosus. Snowball cactus. See Mammillaria bocasana.
Rosa mundi rose. See Rosa gallica Scarlet banana. See Musa coccinea. Shrubby restharrow. See Ononis fruticosa. Snowbell. See Soldanella.
Scarlet firethorn. See Pyracantha coccinea. Shrub verbena. See Lantana. Snowberry. See Symphoricarpos albus.
var. officinalis ‘Versicolor’. Scarlet fritillary. See Fritillaria recurva. Shuttleworth ginger. See Asarum Snow bush. See Breynia disticha.
Rosary vine. See Ceropegia linearis. Scarlet ginger lily. See Hedychium Snowbush rose. See Rosa ‘Dupontii’.
Rose. See Rosa. shuttleworthii. Snowdrop. See Galanthus.
Rose acacia. See Robinia hispida. coccineum. Siberian bugloss. See Brunnera Snowdrop tree. See Halesia.
Rose balsam. See Impatiens balsamina. Scarlet leadwort. See Plumbago indica. Snowdrop windflower. See Anemone
Rosebud cherry. See Prunus x subhirtella. Scarlet oak. See Quercus coccinea. macrophylla.
Rose cactus. See Pereskia grandifolia. Scarlet plume. See Euphorbia fulgens. Siberian crabapple. See Malus baccata. sylvestris.
Rose campion. See Lychnis coronaria. Scarlet sumac. See Rhus glabra. Siberian elm. See Ulmus pumila. Snowflake. See Leucojum.
Rose cress. See Arabis blepharophylla. Scarlet trompetilla. See Bouvardia ternifolia. Siberian melick. See Melica altissima. Snow gum. See Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp.
Rose daphne. See Daphne cneorum. Scarlet trumpet honeysuckle. See Lonicera Siberian peashrub. See Caragana
Rosemary. See Rosmarinus officinalis. niphophila.
Rosemary willow. See Salix elaeagnos. x brownii. arborescens. Snow-in-summer. See Cerastium
Rose moss. See Portulaca grandiflora. Scarlet turkscap lily. See Lilium Siberian squill. See Scilla siberica.
Rose of China. See Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. Siberian wallflower. See Erysimum x allionii. tomentosum; Euphorbia marginata.
Rose of Jericho. See Selaginella chalcedonicum. Sierra wild ginger. See Asarum hartwegii. Snow in the jungle. See Porana paniculata.
Scented cranesbill. See Geranium Silk cotton tree. See Ceiba pentandra. Snow-on-the-mountain. See Euphorbia
lepidophylla. Silk oak. See Grevillea robusta.
Rose of Sharon. See Hibiscus syriacus. macrorrhizum. Silk tassel bush. See Garrya elliptica. marginata.
Rose periwinkle. See Catharanthus roseus. Scented paper-bark. See Melaleuca Silk tree. See Albizia julibrissin. Snow poppy. See Eomecon chionantha.
Roseroot. See Rhodiola rosea. Silk vine. See Periploca graeca. Snow trillium. See Trillium nivale.
Rosinweed. See Grindelia. squarrosa. Silky wisteria. See Wisteria brachybotrys. Snowy woodrush. See Luzula nivea.
Rouen lilac. See Syringa x chinensis. Scent myrtle. See Darwinia. Silver ball cactus. See Parodia scopa. Soapwort. See Saponaria.
Round-headed club-rush. See Scirpoides Scotch broom. See Cytisus scoparius. Silver banner grass. See Miscanthus Society garlic. See Tulbaghia violacea.
Scotch laburnum. See Laburnum alpinum. Solomon’s seal. See Polygonatum.
holoschoenus. Scotch rose. See Rosa spinosissima. sacchariflorus. Somber bee orchid. See Ophrys fusca.
Round-headed garlic. See Allium Scotch thistle. See Onopordum. Silver beech. See Nothofagus menziesii. Sorrel. See Oxalis.
Scots pine. See Pinus sylvestris. Silverbell. See Halesia. Sorrel tree. See Oxydendrum arboreum.
sphaerocephalon. Scots rose. See Rosa spinosissima. Silver birch. See Betula pendula. Sour gum. See Nyssa sylvatica.
Round-leaved mint bush. See Prostanthera Scottish flame flower. See Tropaeolum Silver buffalo berry. See Shepherdia Sourtop blueberry. See Vaccinium myrtillus.
Sourwood. See Oxydendrum arboreum.
rotundifolia. speciosum. argentea. South African sage wood. See Buddleja
Round-leaved wintergreen. See Pyrola Screw pine. See Pandanus. Silver cassia. See Senna artemisioides.
Scrub palmetto. See Sabal minor; Serenoa Silver dollar cactus. See Astrophytum salviifolia.
rotundifolia. Southern beech. See Nothofagus.
Rowan. See Sorbus aucuparia. repens. asterias. Southern bush honeysuckle. See Diervilla
Royal azalea. See Rhododendron Scrub pine. See Pinus virginiana. Silver dollars. See Lunaria annua.
Sea buckthorn. See Hippophae rhamnoides. Silver fir. See Abies. sessilifolia.
schlippenbachii. Sea daffodil. See Pancratium maritimum. Silver flea vine. See Fallopia aubertii. Southern catalpa. See Catalpa bignonioides.
Royal palm. See Roystonea. Sea holly. See Eryngium. Silver jade plant. See Crassula arborescens. Southern Japanese hemlock. See Tsuga
Royal paulownia. See Paulownia tomentosa. Sea kale. See Crambe maritima. Silver lace vine. See Fallopia aubertii.
Royal red bugler. See Aeschynanthus Sea lavender. See Limonium. Silver-leaved geranium. See Pelargonium sieboldii.
Sea lily. See Pancratium. Southern magnolia. See Magnolia
pulcher. Sea pink. See Armeria maritima. ‘Flower of Spring’.
Rubber plant. See Ficus elastica ‘Doescheri’. Sea tomato. See Rosa rugosa. Silver linden. See Tilia tomentosa. grandiflora.
Rubber vine. See Cryptostegia grandiflora. Sea urchin. See Astrophytum asterias. Silver maple. See Acer saccharinum. Southernwood. See Artemisia abrotanum.
Rue anemone. See Anemonella thalictroides. Sea urchin cactus. See Echinopsis. Silvermound. See Artemisia schmidtiana. Southern yew. See Podocarpus
Rush. See Juncus. Sedge. See Carex. Silver net-leaf. See Fittonia albivenis
Russian comfrey. See Symphytum Selfheal. See Prunella. macrophyllus.
Seneca. See Polygala. Argyroneura Group. South Island edelweiss. See Leucogenes
x uplandicum. Senna. See Cassia. Silver speedwell. See Veronica spicata
Russian sage. See Perovskia atriplicifolia. Sensitive fern. See Onoclea sensibilis. grandiceps.
Russian vine. See Fallopia baldschuanica. Sensitive plant. See Mimosa pudica. subsp. incana. South Sea arrowroot. See Tacca
Rusty-back fern. See Asplenium ceterach. Sentry palm. See Howea. Silver torch. See Cleistocactus strausii.
Rusty foxglove. See Digitalis ferruginea. Serbian bellflower. See Campanula Silver tree. See Leucadendron argenteum. leontopetaloides.
Rusty-leaved fig. See Ficus rubiginosa. Silver vase plant. See Aechmea fasciata. Spanish bayonet. See Yucca aloifolia.
poscharskyana. Silver vine. See Actinidia polygama; Spanish bluebell. See Hyacinthoides
S Serbian spruce. See Picea omorika.
Serpent cucumber. See Trichosanthes Scindapsus pictus ‘Argyraeus’. x massartiana (H. hispanica x H. non-scripta).
Sacred fig. See Ficus religiosa. Silver wattle. See Acacia dealbata. Spanish broom. See Genista hispanica;
Sacred lotus. See Nelumbo nucifera. cucumerina var. anguina. Silver willow. See Salix alba var. sericea.
Saffron crocus. See Crocus sativus. Serpolet. See Thymus serpyllum. Singleseed hawthorn. See Crataegus Spartium junceum.
Sage. See Salvia. Serviceberry. See Amelanchier. Spanish chestnut. See Castanea sativa.
Sageleaf rockrose. See Cistus parviflorus. Shadblow. See Amelanchier canadensis. monogyna. Spanish dagger. See Yucca gloriosa.
Saguaro. See Carnegiea gigantea. Shadbush. See Amelanchier. Singleseed juniper. See Juniperus squamata. Spanish flag. See Ipomoea lobata.
Sailor caps. See Dodecatheon hendersonii. Shag-bark hickory. See Carya ovata. Sitka spruce. See Picea sitchensis. Spanish heath. See Erica australis.
Saint Lucie cherry. See Prunus mahaleb. Shamrock. See Oxalis. Skullcap. See Scutellaria. Spanish morning glory. See Merremia
Salal. See Gaultheria shallon. Shasta daisy. See Leucanthemum Skunk cabbage. See Lysichiton.
Sand myrtle. See Leiophyllum buxifolium. Skunkleaf Jacob’s ladder. See Polemonium tuberosa.
Sand phlox. See Phlox bifida. x superbum. Spanish moss. See Tillandsia usneoides.
Sandwort. See Arenaria. Shaving brush plant. See Haemanthus pulcherrimum. Spanish sage. See Salvia lavandulifolia.
Santa Barbara ceanothus. See Ceanothus Sky flower. See Duranta erecta. Spanish tree heath. See Erica australis.
albiflos. Sky plant. See Tillandsia ionantha. Spatterdock. See Nuphar.
‘Southmead’. Sheepberry. See Viburnum lentago. Sky vine. See Thunbergia grandiflora. Speargrass. See Aciphylla.
Santa Barbara daisy. See Erigeron Sheep laurel. See Kalmia angustifolia. Slender deutzia. See Deutzia gracilis. Speedwell. See Veronica.
Sheep’s bit. See Jasione. Slipper flower. See Calceolaria. Spiceberry. See Ardisia crenata.
karvinskianus. Sheep’s bit scabious. See Jasione laevis. Slipper orchid. See Paphiopedilum. Spice bush. See Lindera benzoin.
Santa Cruz Island buckwheat. See Shell flower. See Alpinia zerumbet; Moluccella Sloe. See Prunus spinosa. Spider flower. See Clematis x jouiniana;
Small-leaved box. See Buxus microphylla.
Eriogonum arborescens. laevis; Pistia stratiotes. Small Solomon’s seal. See Polygonatum Cleome.
Sapphireberry. See Symplocos paniculata. Shell ginger. See Alpinia zerumbet. Spider lily. See Hymenocallis.
Sargent cherry. See Prunus sargentii. Shepherd’s scabious. See Jasione laevis. biflorum. Spider plant. See Anthericum; Chlorophytum
Sargent’s rowan. See Sorbus sargentiana. Shingle oak. See Quercus imbricaria. Smoke bush. See Cotinus coggygria.
Sargent viburnum. See Viburnum Shingle plant. See Monstera acuminata. Smooth aster. See Aster laevis. comosum.
Shining sumac. See Rhus copallina. Smooth cypress. See Cupressus arizonica Spignel. See Meum athamanticum.
sargentii. Shinleaf. See Pyrola. Spike blazing star. See Liatris spicata.
Sasanqua camellia. See Camellia sasanqua. Shiso. See Perilla frutescens. var. glabra. Spiked speedwell. See Veronica spicata.
Saskatoon. See Amelanchier alnifolia. Shoo-fly. See Nicandra physalodes. Smooth hydrangea. See Hydrangea Spike heath. See Erica spiculifolia.
Satin flower. See Cladanthus arabicus. Shooting stars. See Dodecatheon. Spike winter hazel. See Corylopsis sinensis
Satin poppy. See Meconopsis napaulensis Shore juniper. See Juniperus conferta. arborescens.
Shore pine. See Pinus contorta. Smooth-leaf elm. See Ulmus minor. ‘Spring Purple’.
of gardens. Showy colchicum. See Colchicum luteum. Smooth sumac. See Rhus glabra. Spindle tree. See Euonymus europaeus.
Snail flower. See Vigna caracalla. Spinning gum. See Eucalyptus perriniana.
Snakebark maple. See Acer capillipes; Spinulose wood fern. See Dryopteris
A. davidii; A. grosseri; A. pensylvanicum; carthusiana.
A. rufinerve. Spiny bear’s breeches. See Acanthus
spinosus.
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INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
S Spiral flag. See Costus. Sunflower. See Helianthus. Tasman celery pine. See Phyllocladus Trailing velvet plant. See Ruellia makoyana.
Spotted bellflower. See Campanula punctata. Sun plant. See Portulaca grandiflora. aspleniifolius. Trailing violet. See Viola hederacea.
734 Spotted calla. See Zantedeschia albomaculata. Sunrise horse-chestnut. See Aesculus Transvaal daisy. See Gerbera jamesonii.
Spotted deadnettle. See Lamium maculatum. Tasmanian blue gum. See Eucalyptus Traveler’s tree. See Ravenala.
Spotted geranium. See Geranium x neglecta. globulus. Tree cotoneaster. See Cotoneaster frigidus.
Sun rose. See Helianthemum. Tree germander. See Teucrium fruticans.
maculatum. Swamp blueberry. See Vaccinium Tasmanian cedar. See Athrotaxis. Tree heath. See Erica arborea.
Spreading cotoneaster. See Cotoneaster Tasmanian laurel. See Anopterus Tree lupin. See Lupinus arboreus.
corymbosum. Tree of heaven. See Ailanthus altissima.
dielsianus. Swamp cypress. See Taxodium distichum. glandulosus. Tree philodendron. See Philodendron
Spring adonis. See Adonis vernalis. Swamp hickory. See Carya cordiformis. Tasmanian podocarp. See Podocarpus
Spring beauty. See Claytonia virginica. Swamp lily. See Crinodendron patagua; Lilium bipinnatifidum.
Spring crocus. See Crocus vernus. alpinus. Tree poppy. See Romneya.
Spring gentian. See Gentiana verna. superbum. Tasmanian sassafras. See Atherosperma Tree purslane. See Atriplex halimus.
Spring snowflake. See Leucojum vernum. Swamp magnolia. See Magnolia stellata. Tree rhododendron. See Rhododendron
Spring squill. See Scilla siberica. Swamp pink. See Helonias bullata. moschatum.
Spring starflower. See Ipheion uniflorum. Swan flower. See Aristolochia grandiflora Tasmanian snow gum. See Eucalyptus arboreum.
Spring vetchling. See Lathyrus vernus. Tree tomato. See Solanum betaceum.
Spruce. See Picea. Swainsona galegifolia. coccifera. Trident maple. See Acer buergerianum.
Spurge. See Euphorbia. Swan River daisy. See Brachyscome Tasmanian tree fern. See Dicksonia Trigger plant. See Stylidium graminifolium.
Spurge laurel. See Daphne laureola. Trinity flower. See Trillium.
Squirrel’s foot fern. See Davallia mariesii. iberidifolia. antarctica. Tropical pitcher plant. See Nepenthes.
Squirrel tail grass. See Hordeum jubatum. Swan River everlasting. See Rhodanthe Tasmanian waratah. See Telopea truncata. Trumpet bush. See Tecoma stans.
St. Augustine grass. See Stenotaphrum Tassel flower. See Amaranthus caudatus; Trumpet flower. See Bignonia capreolata.
manglesii. Trumpet gentian. See Gentiana acaulis;
secundatum. Swedish whitebeam. See Sorbus Emilia coccinea.
St. Bruno’s lily. See Paradisea. Tassel grape hyacinth. See Muscari G. clusii.
St. Catherine’s lace. See Eriogonum. intermedia. Trumpet honeysuckle. See Lonicera
St. Dabeoc’s heath. See Daboecia cantabrica. Sweet alyssum. See Lobularia maritima. comosum.
St. John’s-wort. See Hypericum. Sweet bay. See Laurus nobilis. Tassel maidenhair. See Adiantum raddianum sempervirens.
St. Joseph’s lily. See Hippeastrum vittatum. Sweetbay magnolia. See Magnolia Trumpet vine. See Campsis.
St. Vincent lilac. See Solanum seaforthianum. ‘Grandiceps’. Tuberose. See Polianthes tuberosa.
Staghorn fern. See Platycerium. virginiana. Tatarian dogwood. See Cornus alba. Tuckahoe. See Peltandra virginica.
Staghorn sumac. See Rhus typhina. Sweet box. See Sarcococca. Tatarian honeysuckle. See Lonicera tatarica. Tufted hair grass. See Deschampsia
Stanford manzanita. See Arctostaphylos Sweet briar. See Rosa rubiginosa. Tatar lily. See Ixiolirion tataricum.
Sweet buckeye. See Aesculus flava. Tawny daylily. See Hemerocallis fulva. cespitosa.
stanfordiana. Sweet chestnut. See Castanea sativa. Teaberry. See Gaultheria procumbens. Tufted sedge. See Carex elata.
Star cluster. See Pentas lanceolata. Sweet Cicely. See Myrrhis. Tea crabapple. See Malus hupehensis. Tulip. See Tulipa.
Star daisy. See Lindheimera texana. Sweet coltsfoot. See Petasites. Tea-oil camellia. See Camellia oleifera. Tulip orchid. See Anguloa.
Starfish cactus. See Orbea variegata. Sweet flag. See Acorus. Teasel. See Dipsacus. Tulip tree. See Liriodendron tulipifera.
Starflower. See Hypoxis; Mentzelia. Sweet gale. See Myrica gale. Tea tree. See Leptospermum. Tunic flower. See Petrorhagia saxifraga.
Star gentian. See Gentiana verna. Sweet garlic. See Tulbaghia violacea. Teddy-bear vine. See Cyanotis kewensis. Tupelo. See Nyssa.
Star glory. See Ipomoea quamoclit. Sweetgum. See Liquidambar. Tenby daffodil. See Narcissus obvallaris. Turkey oak. See Quercus cerris.
Star jasmine. See Trachelospermum Sweet gum. See Liquidambar styraciflua. Terebinth tree. See Pistacia terebinthus. Turkish hazel. See Corylus colurna.
Sweetheart ivy. See Hedera hibernica Texas bluebell. See Eustoma grandiflorum. Turkish mullein. See Verbascum
jasminoides. Texas sotol. See Dasylirion texanum.
Star lily. See Zigadenus fremontii. ‘Deltoidea’. Thanksgiving cactus. See Schlumbergera bombyciferum.
Star magnolia. See Magnolia stellata. Sweetheart peperomia. See Peperomia Turkish onion. See Allium karataviense.
Star morning glory. See Ipomoea coccinea. truncata. Turkish stonecress. See Aethionema
Star-of-Bethlehem. See Ornithogalum. marmorata. Thatch-leaf palm. See Howea forsteriana.
Stars of Persia. See Allium cristophii. Sweetheart plant. See Philodendron Thatch screw pine. See Pandanus tectorius. armenum.
Statice. See Limonium; Psylliostachys. Thick plant. See Pachyphytum compactum. Turk’s cap cactus. See Melocactus.
St Bernard’s lily. See Anthericum liliago. scandens. Thimbleberry. See Rubus odoratus. Turkscap lily. See Lilium superbum.
St Bruno’s lily. See Paradisea liliastrum. Sweet olive. See Osmanthus fragrans. Thornless honey locust. See Gleditsia Turner oak. See Quercus x turneri.
St Catherine’s lace. See Eriogonum Sweet pea. See Lathyrus odoratus. Turtlehead. See Chelone.
Sweet pepper-bush. See Clethra alnifolia. triacanthos f. inermis. Tussock grass. See Deschampsia cespitosa.
giganteum. Sweet potato. See Ipomoea batatas. Thornless rose. See Rosa ‘Zéphirine Twelve apostles. See Neomarica caerulea.
Sticky Jerusalem sage. See Phlomis Sweet rocket. See Hesperis matronalis. Twinflower. See Linnaea.
Sweet scabious. See Scabiosa atropurpurea. Drouhin’. Twin-flowered violet. See Viola biflora.
russeliana. Sweetshrub. See Calycanthus floridus. Thousand mothers. See Tolmiea menziesii. Twinleaf. See Jeffersonia diphylla.
Stiff bottlebrush. See Callistemon rigidus. Sweet sop. See Annona. Thread agave. See Agave filifera. Twinspur. See Diascia barberae.
Stinking ash. See Ptelea trifoliata. Sweet sultan. See Amberboa. Threadleaf coreopsis. See Coreopsis
Stinking Benjamin. See Trillium erectum. Sweet sultan. See Amberboa moschata. U
Stinking gladwin. See Iris foetidissima. Sweet viburnum. See Viburnum tinctoria ‘Golden Crown’.
Stinking hellebore. See Helleborus foetidus. Thread palm. See Washingtonia robusta. Ulmo. See Eucryphia cordifolia.
Stinking iris. See Iris foetidissima. odoratissimum. Three birds flying. See Linaria Umbrella arum. See Amorphophallus konjac.
Stock. See Matthiola. Sweet violet. See Viola odorata. Umbrella bamboo. See Fargesia murieliae.
Stonecress. See Aethionema. Sweet William. See Dianthus barbatus. triornithophora. Umbrella leaf. See Diphylleia cymosa.
Stonecrop. See Sedum. Sweet woodruff. See Galium odoratum. Threeflower maple. See Acer triflorum. Umbrella pine. See Pinus pinea.
Stone orpine. See Sedum rupestre. Swiss cheese plant. See Monstera deliciosa. Three-leaf akebia. See Akebia trifoliata. Umbrella tree magnolia. See Magnolia
Stone pine. See Pinus pinea. Swiss stone pine. See Pinus cembra. Three-men-in-a-boat. See Tradescantia
Stone plant. See Lithops. Sword brake. See Pteris ensiformis. tripetala.
Strawberry. See Fragaria. Sword fern. See Nephrolepis cordifolia. spathacea. Unicorn plant. See Martynia annua;
Strawberry cactus. See Mammillaria Sycamore. See Acer pseudoplatanus. Three-veined everlasting. See Anaphalis
Sycamore. See Platanus. Proboscidea.
prolifera. Sydney golden wattle. See Acacia longifolia. triplinervis. Urn plant. See Aechmea fasciata.
Strawberry geranium. See Saxifraga Sydney waratah. See Telopea speciosissima. Thrift. See Armeria maritima.
Syrian juniper. See Juniperus drupacea. Thyme. See Thymus. V
stolonifera ‘Tricolor’. Szechuan birch. See Betula szechuanica. Tickseed. See Coreopsis.
Strawberry tree. See Arbutus unedo. Tickseed. See Coreopsis auriculata ‘Superba’. Valerian. See Valeriana.
Strawflower. See Rhodanthe; Xerochrysum T Tidy tips. See Layia platyglossa. Van Houtte spirea. See Spiraea x vanhouttei.
Tiger flower. See Tigridia pavonia. Van Volxem’s maple. See Acer velutinum
bracteatum. Table fern. See Pteris. Tiger jaws. See Faucaria.
Stream violet. See Viola glabella. Tacamahac. See Populus balsamifera. Tiger lily. See Lilium lancifolium. var. vanvolxemii.
String of beads. See Senecio rowleyanus. Tail flower. See Anthurium. Tiger orchid. See Rossioglossum grande. Variegated apple mint. See Mentha
String-of-hearts. See Ceropegia linearis. Taiwan cherry. See Prunus campanulata. Tingiringi gum. See Eucalyptus glaucescens.
Subalpine fir. See Abies lasiocarpa. Taiwan spruce. See Picea morrisonicola. Ti plant. See Cordyline fruticosa. suaveolens ‘Variegata’.
Sugarbush. See Protea repens. Tall buttercup. See Ranunculus acris. Tipu tree. See Tipuana tipu. Variegated ground ivy. See Glechoma
Sugar maple. See Acer saccharum. Tamarind. See Tamarindus indica. Toad cactus. See Orbea variegata.
Sulfur flower. See Eriogonum umbellatum. Tamarisk. See Tamarix. Toadflax. See Linaria. hederacea ‘Variegata’.
Sumac. See Rhus. Tamarisk juniper. See Juniperus sabina var. Toad lily. See Tricyrtis. Variegated iris. See Iris variegata.
Summer cypress. See Bassia scoparia Toadshade. See Trillium sessile. Variegated Japanese rush. See Acorus
tamariscifolia. Tobacco plant. See Nicotiana.
f. trichophylla. Tampala. See Amaranthus tricolor. Toothbrush grass. See Lamarckia aurea. gramineus ‘Variegatus’.
Summer forget-me-not. See Anchusa Tanbark oak. See Lithocarpus densiflorus. Toothed lancewood. See Pseudopanax ferox. Variegated kiwi vine. See Actinidia
Tanekaha. See Phyllocladus trichomanoides. Toothed wood fern. See Dryopteris
capensis. Tansy-leaved hawthorn. See Crataegus kolomikta.
Summer holly. See Arctostaphylos carthusiana. Variegated purple moor grass. See Molinia
tanacetifolia. Toothwort. See Lathraea clandestina.
diversifolia. Tape grass. See Vallisneria spiralis. Torch azalea. See Rhododendron kaempferi. caerulea subsp. caerulea ‘Variegata’.
Summer hyacinth. See Galtonia candicans. Tapertip onion. See Allium acuminatum. Torch cactus. See Echinopsis spachiana. Varnish tree. See Koelreuteria paniculata;
Summer snowflake. See Leucojum Tarata. See Pittosporum eugenioides. Torch lily. See Kniphofia.
Taro. See Alocasia macrorrhiza; Collinsia Torch plant. See Aloe aristata. Rhus verniciflua.
aestivum. Touch-me-not. See Impatiens balsamina. Vegetable sheep. See Raoulia eximia.
Summersweet. See Clethra alnifolia. grandiflora. Trailing abutilon. See Abutilon Vegetable tallow tree. See Sapium
Sundew. See Drosera. Tarweed. See Griselinia.
Sundrops. See Oenothera. megapotamicum. sebiferum.
Trailing arbutus. See Epigaea repens.
Trailing azalea. See Loiseleuria.
Trailing fuchsia. See Fuchsia procumbens.
Trailing morning glory. See Convolvulus
cneorum.
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INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Veitch fir. See Abies veitchii. Weather prophet. See Dimorphotheca Whiteywood. See Melicytus ramiflorus. Wood lily. See Trillium.
Velour philodendron. See Philodendron pluvialis. Whitlow-wort. See Paronychia. Wood millet. See Milium effusum.
Whorled Solomon’s seal. See Polygonatum Woodruff. See Asperula.
melanochrysum. Weeping aspen. See Populus tremula Woodrush. See Luzula.
Velvet ash. See Fraxinus velutina. ‘Pendula’. verticillatum. Wood sorrel. See Oxalis acetosella.
Velvet leaf. See Kalanchoe beharensis. Whorlflower. See Morina longifolia. Wood spurge. See Euphorbia amygdaloides.
Velvet sumac. See Rhus typhina. Weeping beech. See Fagus sylvatica f. Widow iris. See Hermodactylus tuberosus. Wood vamp. See Decumaria barbara.
Venus flytrap. See Dionaea muscipula. pendula. Wild bergamot. See Monarda fistulosa. Woolly-bearded protea. See Protea
Venus’s navelwort. See Omphalodes linifolia. Wild buckwheat. See Eriogonum.
Vernal iris. See Iris verna. Weeping birch. See Betula pendula ‘Tristis’. Wild daffodil. See Narcissus magnifica.
Vervain. See Verbena rigida. Weeping bottlebrush. See Callistemon Woolly betony. See Stachys byzantina.
Vetch. See Hippocrepis. pseudonarcissus. Woolly morning glory. See Argyreia
Victorian rosemary. See Westringia viminalis. Wild ginger. See Asarum.
Weeping fig. See Ficus benjamina. Wild hyacinth. See Triteleia hyacinthina. nervosa.
fruticosa. Weeping forsythia. See Forsythia suspensa. Wild Irishman. See Discaria toumatou. Woolly thyme. See Thymus
Vine maple. See Acer circinatum. Weeping lantana. See Lantana Wild jonquil. See Narcissus jonquilla.
Violet. See Viola. Wild lily-of-the-valley. See Pyrola pseudolanuginosus.
Violet cress. See Ionopsidium acaule. montevidensis. Woolly tree fern. See Dicksonia antarctica.
Violet trumpet vine. See Clivia nobilis. Weeping silver linden. See Tilia ‘Petiolaris’. rotundifolia. Woolly willow. See Salix lanata.
Violet willow. See Salix daphnoides. Weeping willow. See Salix babylonica. Wild oats. See Chasmanthe floribunda. Wormwood. See Artemisia.
Viper’s bugloss. See Echium vulgare. Welsh poppy. See Meconopsis cambrica. Wild pineapple. See Ananas bracteatus;
Virginia creeper. See Parthenocissus Western azalea. See Rhododendron XYZ Z
Tillandsia fasciculata.
quinquefolia. occidentale. Wild rice. See Zizania. Yarrow. See Achillea millefolium. 735
Virginian bird cherry. See Prunus Western balsam poplar. See Populus Wild rum cherry. See Prunus serotina. Yatay palm. See Butia.
Wild rye. See Elymus. Yautia. See Xanthosoma.
virginiana. trichocarpa. Wild sweet William. See Phlox divaricata; Yeddo hornbeam. See Carpinus tschonoskii.
Virginian stock. See Malcolmia maritima. Western bleeding heart. See Dicentra Yellow parilla. See Menispermum canadense.
Virginia pine. See Pinus virginiana. P. maculata. Yellow asphodel. See Asphodeline lutea.
Voodoo lily. See Sauromatum venosum. formosa. Wild thyme. See Thymus serpyllum. Yellow bells. See Tecoma stans.
Voss’s laburnum. See Laburnum x watereri Western catalpa. See Catalpa speciosa. Wild yellow lily. See Lilium canadense. Yellow-berried yew. See Taxus baccata
Western dogwood. See Cornus nuttallii. Willow. See Salix.
‘Vossii’. Western hemlock. See Tsuga heterophylla. Willow bluestar. See Amsonia ‘Lutea’.
Western maidenhair fern. See Adiantum Yellow birch. See Betula alleghaniensis.
W tabernaemontana. Yellow buckeye. See Aesculus flava.
aleuticum. Willow gentian. See Gentiana asclepiadea. Yellow calla. See Zantedeschia elliottiana.
Wakerobin. See Trillium. Western milfoil. See Myriophyllum Willow herb. See Epilobium. Yellow chestnut oak. See Quercus
Walking iris. See Neomarica caerulea. Willowleaf cotoneaster. See Cotoneaster
Wallflower. See Erysimum. hippuroides. muehlenbergii.
Wallich’s wood fern. See Dryopteris Western mugwort. See Artemisia rotundifolius. Yellow Chinese poppy. See Meconopsis
Willow-leafed jessamine. See Cestrum
wallichiana. ludoviciana. integrifolia.
Wall polypody. See Polypodium vulgare. Western prickly Moses. See Acacia ‘Newellii’. Yellow columbine. See Aquilegia chrysantha.
Wall rock cress. See Arabis alpina subsp. Willowleaf podocarp. See Podocarpus Yellow elder. See Tecoma stans.
pulchella. Yellow flag. See Iris pseudacorus.
caucasica. Western red cedar. See Thuja plicata. salignus. Yellow flax. See Linum flavum; Reinwardtia
Walnut. See Juglans. Western sword fern. See Polystichum Willow-leaved magnolia. See Magnolia
Wandering Jew. See Tradescantia indica.
munitum. salicifolia. Yellow floating heart. See Nymphoides
fluminensis; T. zebrina. Western tea myrtle. See Melaleuca Willow-leaved pear. See Pyrus salicifolia.
Wandflower. See Dierama; Galax. Willow-leaved sunflower. See Helianthus peltata.
Wapato. See Sagittaria latifolia. nesophila. Yellow foxglove. See Digitalis grandiflora.
Waratah. See Telopea. Western yellow pine. See Pinus ponderosa. salicifolius. Yellow fritillary. See Fritillaria pudica.
Warminster broom. See Cytisus x praecox West Indian jasmine. See Plumeria alba. Willow moss. See Fontinalis antipyretica. Yellow gentian. See Gentiana lutea.
Wheatley elm. See Ulmus minor ‘Sarniensis’. Willow myrtle. See Agonis flexuosa. Yellow-groove bamboo. See Phyllostachys
‘Warminster’. Wheel tree. See Trochodendron aralioides. Willow oak. See Quercus phellos.
Warty barberry. See Berberis verruculosa. Whin. See Ulex europaeus. Willow wort. See Paronychia capitata. aureosulcata.
Washington grass. See Cabomba caroliniana. Whipple’s penstemon. See Penstemon Windflower. See Anemone. Yellow hawthorn. See Crataegus flava.
Washington thorn. See Crataegus Windmill palm. See Trachycarpus fortunei. Yellowhorn. See Xanthoceras sorbifolium.
whippleanus. Windowleaf. See Monstera deliciosa. Yellow horned poppy. See Glaucium flavum.
phaenopyrum. White ash. See Fraxinus americana. Winecups. See Babiana rubrocyanea. Yellow jasmine. See Jasminum humile.
Water arum. See Peltandra virginica. White asphodel. See Asphodelus albus. Winged thorn rose. See Rosa sericea Yellow kangaroo paw. See Anigozanthos
Water caltrops. See Trapa natans. White baneberry. See Actaea pachypoda.
Water chestnut. See Trapa natans. Whitebark magnolia. See Magnolia obovata. subsp. omeiensis f. pteracantha. flavidus.
Water chinquapin. See Nelumbo lutea. Whitebeam. See Sorbus aria. Wingnut. See Pterocarya. Yellow mariposa. See Calochortus luteus.
Water crowfoot. See Ranunculus aquatilis. White cedar. See Thuja occidentalis. Winter iris. See Iris unguicularis. Yellow meadow rue. See Thalictrum flavum.
Water fern. See Azolla filiculoides; White Chinese birch. See Betula Winter aconite. See Eranthis hyemalis. Yellow monkey flower. See Mimulus luteus.
Winterberry. See Ilex verticillata. Yellow oleander. See Thevetia peruviana.
Ceratopteris thalictroides. albosinensis. Winter-blooming bergenia. See Bergenia Yellow ox-eye. See Buphthalmum
Water figwort. See Scrophularia auriculata White corallita. See Porana paniculata.
White cup. See Nierembergia repens. crassifolia. salicifolium.
‘Variegata’. White evening primrose. See Oenothera Winter cherry. See Solanum capsicastrum; Yellow palm. See Dypsis lutescens.
Water forget-me-not. See Myosotis Yellow pitcher plant. See Sarracenia flava.
speciosa. S. pseudocapsicum. Yellow pond lily. See Nuphar lutea.
scorpioides. White false cypress. See Chamaecyparis Winter cress. See Barbarea vulgaris. Yellow rocket. See Barbarea vulgaris.
Water fringe. See Nymphoides peltata. Wintergreen. See Gaultheria procumbens; Yellowroot. See Xanthorhiza simplicissima.
Water hawthorn. See Aponogeton thyoides. Yellow scabious. See Cephalaria gigantea.
White fir. See Abies concolor. Pyrola. Yellow skunk cabbage. See Lysichiton
distachyos. White gardenia. See Gardenia thunbergia. Wintergreen barberry. See Berberis
Water hyacinth. See Eichhornia crassipes. White gaura. See Gaura lindheimeri. americanus.
Water lettuce. See Pistia stratiotes. White ginger lily. See Hedychium julianae. Yellow turkscap lily. See Lilium pyrenaicum.
Waterlily. See Nymphaea. Wintergreen cotoneaster. See Cotoneaster Yellow waxbells. See Kirengeshoma palmata.
Water lily tulip. See Tulipa kaufmanniana. coronarium. Yellow whitlow grass. See Draba aizoides.
Watermelon begonia. See Elatostema White hellebore. See Veratrum album. congestus. Yerba linda. See Peperomia rotundifolia.
White hoop-petticoat daffodil. See Winterhazel. See Corylopsis. Yesterday-today-and-tomorrow. See
repens. Winter heath. See Erica carnea.
Watermelon peperomia. See Peperomia Narcissus cantabricus. Winter heliotrope. See Petasites fragrans. Brunfelsia pauciflora.
White jack. See Arisaema candidissimum. Winter honeysuckle. See Lonicera Yew. See Taxus.
argyreia. White jewel plant. See Titanopsis Yoshino cherry. See Prunus x yedoensis.
Water moss. See Fontinalis antipyretica. fragrantissima. Young’s weeping birch. See Betula pendula
Water oak. See Quercus nigra. schwantesii. Winter jasmine. See Jasminum nudiflorum.
Water oats. See Zizania. White kerria. See Rhodotypos scandens. Winter savory. See Satureja montana. ‘Youngii’.
Water plantain. See Alisma plantago- White lilyturf. See Ophiopogon jaburan. Winter’s bark. See Drimys winteri. Youth-on-age. See Tolmiea menziesii.
White mugwort. See Artemisia lactiflora. Wintersweet. See Acokanthera oblongifolia; Yulan. See Magnolia denudata.
aquatica. White mulberry. See Morus alba. Yunnan hackberry. See Celosia argentea
Water poppy. See Hydrocleys nymphoides. White mullein. See Verbascum lychnitis. Chimonanthus praecox.
Water rice. See Zizania aquatica. White oak. See Quercus alba. Wire-netting bush. See Corokia cotoneaster. Olympia Series.
Water soldier. See Stratiotes aloides. White paintbrush. See Haemanthus albiflos. Wishbone flower. See Torenia fournieri. Yunnan meadow rue. See Thalictrum
Water violet. See Hottonia palustris. White poplar. See Populus alba. Witch grass. See Panicum capillare.
Wattle. See Acacia. White rock rose. See Cistus x hybridus. Witch hazel. See Hamamelis. delavayi.
Wax flower. See Hoya. White rosebay. See Epilobium angustifolium Woad. See Isatis tinctoria. Zebra grass. See Miscanthus sinensis
Waxflower. See Jamesia americana. Wolf’s bane. See Aconitum.
Wax mallow. See Malvaviscus arboreus. f. album. Wollemi pine. See Wollemia nobilis. ‘Zebrinus’.
Wax plant. See Hoya carnosa. White sage. See Artemisia ludoviciana. Wonga wonga vine. See Pandorea Zebra plant. See Aphelandra squarrosa;
Wax privet peperomia. See Peperomia White shooting star. See Dodecatheon
pandorana. Calathea zebrina.
glabella. dentatum. Wood anemone. See Anemone nemorosa. Zedoary. See Cu rcuma zedoaria.
Wax tree. See Rhus succedanea. White skunk cabbage. See Lysichiton Wood betony. See Stachys officinalis. Zephyr lily. See Zephyranthes.
Wayfaring tree. See Viburnum lantana. Woodbine. See Lonicera periclymenum. Zigzag bamboo. See Phyllostachys flexuosa.
camtschatcensis. Wood fern. See Dryopteris.
White snakeroot. See Ageratina altissima. Woodland phlox. See Phlox divaricata.
White spruce. See Picea glauca. Woodland star. See Lithophragma
White trumpet lily. See Lilium longiflorum.
White velvet. See Tradescantia sillamontana. parviflorum.
White wakerobin. See Trillium grandiflorum.
White willow. See Salix alba.
White wood aster. See Aster divaricatus.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
GLOSSARY OF TERMS Terms printed in italics refer to other often large and brightly colored. Corymb. A racemose flower cluster Fall. An outer perianth segment of an iris,
glossary entries. in which the inner flower stalks are shorter which projects outward or downward from
736 Bud. A rudimentary or condensed shoot than the outer, resulting in a rounded or the inner segments.
Acidic [of soil]. With a pH value of less containing embryonic leaves or flowers. flat-topped head.
than 7; see also alkaline and neutral. Fan palm. A palm with palmate rather
Bulb. A storage organ consisting mainly Cotyledon. See seed leaf. than pinnate leaves.
Adventitious [of roots]. Arising directly of fleshy scales and swollen, modified
from a stem or leaf. leaf-bases on a much reduced stem. Bulbs Creeper. A plant that grows close to the Farina. A powdery, white, sometimes
usually, but not always, grow underground. ground, usually rooting as it spreads. yellowish deposit naturally occurring on
Aerial root. See root. some leaves and flowers.
Bulbil. A small, bulblike organ, often Crisped. Minutely wavy-edged.
Air-layering. A method of propagation borne in a leaf axil, occasionally in a flower Fibrous root. A fine, young root, usually
by which a portion of stem is induced to head; it may be used for propagation. Crown. 1. The part of the plant at or just one of many.
root by enclosing it in a suitable medium, below the soil surface from which new
such as damp moss, and wrapping it Bulblet. A small bulb produced at the base shoots are produced and to which they Filament. The stalk of an anther.
with plastic; roots will form if the moss of a mature one. die back in fall. 2. The upper, branched
is kept moist. part of a tree above the bole. 3. A corona. Floret. A single flower in a head of many
Bur. 1. A prickly or spiny fruit, or flowers.
Alkaline [of soil]. With a pH value of aggregate of fruits. 2. A woody outgrowth Culm. The usually hollow stem of a grass
more than 7; some plants will not tolerate on the stems of certain trees. or bamboo. Flower. The basic flower forms are:
alkaline soils and must be grown in neutral single, with one row of usually 4–6 petals;
or acidic soil. Cactus (pl. cacti). A member of the family Cutting. A section of a plant that is semidouble, with more petals, usually
Cactaceae, often succulent and spiny. removed and used for propagation. in 2 rows; double, with many petals in
Alpine house. An unheated greenhouse, The various types of cutting are: basal— several rows and few or no stamens; fully
used for the cultivation of mainly alpine Calyx (pl. calyces). The outer part of taken from the base of a plant (usually double, usually rounded in shape, with
and bulbous plants, that provides greater a flower, usually small and green but herbaceous) as it begins to produce densely packed petals and the stamens
ventilation and usually more light than a sometimes showy and brightly colored, growth in spring; greenwood—made absent or obscured.
conventional greenhouse. that encloses the petals in bud and is from the tip of young growth;
formed from the sepals. hardwood—mature wood taken at the Flower head. A mass of small flowers or
Alternate [of leaves]. Borne singly end of the growing season; leaf—a florets that together appear as one flower,
at each node, on either side of a stem. Capsule. A dry fruit that splits open when detached leaf or part of a leaf; root—part e.g., a daisy.
ripe to release its seeds. of a semimature or mature root;
Annual. A plant that completes its life semiripe—half-ripened wood taken Force. To induce artificially the early
cycle, from germination through to Carpel. The female portion of a flower, or during the growing season; softwood— production of growth, flowers, or fruits.
flowering and seeding and then death, part of it, consisting of an ovary, stigma, young growth taken at the beginning of
in one growing season. and style. the growing season; stem—a greenwood, Frond. The leaflike organ of a fern. Some
hardwood, semiripe, or softwood cutting; ferns produce both barren and fertile
Anther. The part of a stamen that produces Catkin. A flower cluster, normally tip—a greenwood cutting. fronds, the fertile fronds bearing spores.
pollen; it is usually borne on a filament. pendulous. Flowers lack petals, are often
stalkless, surrounded by scalelike bracts, Cyme. A flower cluster in which each Fruit. The structure in plants that bears
Apex. The tip or growing point of an and are usually unisexual. growing point terminates in a flower. one or more ripe seeds, e.g., a berry or nut.
organ such as a leaf or shoot.
Caudex (pl. caudices). The stem base of a Dead-head. To remove spent flower Glabrous. Not hairy.
Areole. A modified, cushionlike woody plant such as a palm or tree fern. heads so as to promote further growth
tubercle, peculiar to the family Cactaceae, or flowering, prevent seeding, or improve Glaucous. Bluish-white, bluish-green, or
that bears hairs, spines, leaves, side- Cladode. A stem, often flattened, with the appearance. bluish-gray.
branches, or flowers. function and appearance of a leaf.
Deciduous. Losing its leaves annually Globose. Spherical.
Asclepiad. A member of the family Claw. The narrow, basal portion of petals at the end of the growing season; semi-
Asclepiadaceae, e.g., Asclepias, Hoya, in some genera, e.g., Dianthus. deciduous plants lose only some leaves. Glochid. One of the barbed bristles or hairs,
Stephanotis. usually small, borne on a cactus areole.
Climber. A plant that climbs using other Decumbent. Growing close to the ground
Auricle. An earlike lobe such as is plants or objects as a support: a leaf-stalk but ascending at the tips. Grafting. A method of propagation by
sometimes found at the base of a leaf. climber by coiling its leaf stalks around which an artificial union is made between
supports; a root climber by producing Dentate. With toothed margins. different parts of individual plants; usually
Awn. A stiff, bristlelike projection aerial, supporting roots; a self-clinging the shoot (scion) of one is grafted onto the
commonly found on grass seeds climber by means of suckering pads; a Dieback. Death of the tips of shoots due rootstock (stock) of another.
and spikelets. tendril climber by coiling its tendrils; to frost or disease.
a twining climber by coiling stems. Heel. The small portion of old wood that
Axil. The angle between a leaf and stem Scandent, scrambling, and trailing Dioecious. Bearing male and female is retained at the base of a cutting when
where an axillary bud develops. climbers produce long stems that grow flowers on separate plants. it is removed from the stem.
over plants or other supports; they attach
Bedding plant. A plant that is mass- themselves only loosely, if at all. Disbud. To remove surplus buds to Herbaceous. Dying down at the end
planted to provide a temporary display. promote larger flowers or fruits. of the growing season.
Clone. A group of genetically identical
Biennial. A plant that flowers, seeds, plants, propagated vegetatively. Disk floret, disk flower. A small and Hose-in-hose [of flowers]. With one
and dies in the second season after often inconspicuous, usually tubular corolla borne inside another, forming
germination, producing only stems, Compound. Made up of several or many flower, one of many that comprise the a double or semidouble flower.
roots, and leaves in the first season. parts, e.g. a leaf divided into 2 or more central portion of a composite flower
leaflets. head such as a daisy. Inflorescence. A cluster of flowers with a
Blade. The flattened and often broad distinct arrangement, e.g., corymb, cyme,
part of a leaf. Cone. The clustered flowers or woody, Division. A method of propagation by panicle, raceme, spike, umbel.
seed-bearing structures of a conifer. which a clump is divided into several
Bloom. 1. A flower or blossom. parts during dormancy. Insectivorous plant. A plant that traps
2. A fine, waxy, whitish or bluish-white Coppice. To cut back to near ground level and digests insects and other small
coating on stems, leaves, or fruits. each year in order to produce vigorous, Elliptic [of leaves]. Broadening in the animals to supplement its nutrient intake.
ornamental shoots, as is usual with some center and narrowing toward each end.
Bog garden. An area where the soil is kept Cornus and Eucalyptus. Key. A winged seed like those produced by
permanently damp but not waterlogged. Entire [of leaves]. With untoothed margins. the sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus).
Cordon. A trained plant restricted in
Bole. The trunk of a tree from ground growth to one main stem, occasionally Epiphyte. A plant that grows on the Lateral. A side growth that arises from
level to the first major branch. 2–4 stems. surface of another without being parasitic. the side of a shoot or root.
Bolt. To produce flowers and seed Corm. A bulblike, underground storage Evergreen. Retaining its leaves at Layering. A method of propagation
prematurely, particularly in the case organ consisting mainly of a swollen the end of the growing season although by which a stem is induced to root by
of vegetables such as lettuce and beets. stem base and often surrounded by a losing some older leaves regularly being pegged down into the soil while
papery tunic. throughout the year; semievergreen it is still attached to the parent plant.
Bonsai. A method of producing dwarf plants retain only some leaves or lose See also air-layering.
trees or shrubs by special techniques that Cormlet. A small corm arising at the base older leaves only when the new growth
include pruning roots, pinching out shoots, of a mature one. is produced. Leaflet. The subdivision of a
removing growth buds, and training compound leaf.
branches and stems. Corolla. The part of a flower formed by F1 hybrid. The first generation derived
the petals. from crossing 2 distinct plants, usually Lenticel. A small, usually corky area on
Bract. A modified leaf at the base of when the parents are purebred lines and a stem or other part of a plant, which acts
a flower or flower cluster. Bracts may Corona (crown). A petal-like outgrowth the offspring are vigorous. Seed from F1 as a breathing pore.
resemble normal leaves or be reduced sometimes borne on the corolla, e.g., the hybrids does not come true to type.
and scalelike in appearance; they are trumpet or cup of a Narcissus. Lime. Compounds of calcium; the amount
of lime in soil determines whether it is
alkaline, neutral, or acidic.
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Linear [of leaves]. Very narrow with Petaloid. Like a petal. produced by a seed as it germinates. In Stigma. The part of the female portion of GLOSSARY OF TERMS
parallel sides. some plants they remain below ground. the flower, borne at the tip of the style, that
Petiole. The stalk of a leaf. receives pollen. 737
Lip. A lobe comprising 2 or more flat or Self-seed. To produce seedlings around
sometimes pouched perianth segments. pH. The scale by which the acidity or the parent plant. Stipule. A small scale, or leaflike
alkalinity of soil is measured. See also appendage, usually one of a pair, mostly
Loam. Well-structured, fertile soil that is acidic, alkaline, neutral. Sepal. Part of a calyx, usually insignificant borne at a node or below a leaf stalk.
moisture-retentive but free-draining. but sometimes showy.
Phyllode. A flattened leaf stalk, which Stock. See rootstock.
Marginal water plant. A plant that functions as and resembles a leaf. Series. The name applied to a group
grows partially submerged in shallow of similar but not identical plants, Stolon. A horizontally spreading or
water or in moist soil at the edge of a pond. Pinch out. To remove the growing tips usually annuals, linked by one or more arching stem, usually above ground, which
of a plant to induce the production of common features. roots at its tip to produce a new plant.
Midrib. The main, central vein of a leaf or side shoots.
the central stalk to which the leaflets of a Sessile. Without a stalk. Stop. To remove certain growing points of
pinnate leaf are attached. Pinna (pl. pinnae). The primary division a plant so as to control growth or the size
of a pinnate leaf. The fertile pinnae of ferns Sheath. A cylindrical structure that and number of flowers.
Monocarpic. Flowering and fruiting only produce spores; vegetative pinnae do not. surrounds or encircles, partially or fully,
once before dying; such plants may take another plant organ such as a stem. Stratify. To break the dormancy of some
several years to reach flowering size. Pinnate [of leaves]. Compound, with seeds by exposing them to a period of cold.
leaflets arranged on opposite sides of Shoot. The aerial part of a plant that bears
Mulch. A layer of organic matter applied a central stalk. leaves. A side shoot arises from the side of Style. The part of the flower on which the
to the soil over or around a plant to a main shoot. stigma is borne.
conserve moisture, protect the roots from Pistil. The female part of a flower
frost, reduce the growth of weeds, and comprising the ovary, stigma, and style. Shrub. A plant with woody stems, usually Subglobose. Almost spherical.
enrich the soil. well-branched from or near the base.
Pollard [of a tree]. To cut back to its main Subshrub. A plant that is woody at the
Naturalize. To establish and grow as if branches in order to restrict growth. Shy-flowering. Reluctant to flower; base although the terminal shoots die back
in the wild. producing few flowers. in winter.
Pollination. The transfer of pollen from
Nectar. A sweet, sugary liquid secreted the anthers to the stigma of the same or Simple [of leaves]. Not divided into leaflets. Succulent. A plant with thick, fleshy leaves
by the nectary—glandular tissue usually different flowers, resulting in fertilization and/or stems; in this book, it is evergreen
found in the flower but sometimes found of the embryonic seeds in the ovary. Soft-stemmed. The opposite of woody- unless otherwise stated.
on the leaves or stems. stemmed.
Procumbent. Prostrate, creeping along Sucker. A shoot that arises from below
Neutral [of soil]. With a pH value of 7, the ground. Spadix (pl. spadices). A spikelike flower ground level, directly from the root or
the point at which soil is neither acidic cluster that is usually fleshy and bears rootstock.
nor alkaline. Raceme. An unbranched flower cluster numerous small flowers. Spadices are
with several or many stalked flowers borne characteristic of the family Araceae, Summer-deciduous. Losing its leaves
Node. The point on a stem from which a singly along a main axis, the youngest at e.g., Arum. naturally in summer.
leaf or leaves arise. the apex.
Spathe. A large bract, or sometimes 2, Taproot. The main, downward-growing
Offset. A small plant that arises by natural Ray floret, ray flower. One of the flowers, frequently colored and showy, that root of a plant; it is also applied generally
vegetative reproduction, usually at the usually with strap-shaped petals, that surrounds a spadix (as in Arum) or an to any strong, downward-growing root.
base of the mother plant. together form the outer ring of flowers in individual flower bud (as in Narcissus).
a composite flower head such as a daisy. Tendril. A threadlike structure, used to
Opposite [of leaves]. Borne 2 to each node, Sphagnum. Mosses common to bogs; provide support; see also climber.
one opposite the other. Ray petal. The petal or fused petals, often their moisture-retentive character makes
showy, of a ray floret. them ideal components of some growing Tooth. A small, marginal, often pointed
Ovary. The part of the female portion of media. They are used particularly for lobe on a leaf, calyx, or corolla.
the flower, containing embryonic seeds, Recurved. Curved backward. orchid cultivation.
that will eventually form the fruit. Tepal. See perianth segment.
Reflexed. Bent sharply backward. Spike. A racemose flower cluster with
Palm. An evergreen tree or shrublike several or many unstalked flowers borne Tree. A woody plant usually having a
plant, normally single-stemmed, with Revert. To return to its original state, as along a common axis. well-defined trunk or stem with a head
palmate or pinnate leaves usually in when a plain green leaf is produced on a of branches above.
terminal rosettes; strictly a member variegated plant. Spikelet. 1. The flowering unit of grasses
of the family Palmae. comprising one or several flowers with Trifoliate. With 3 leaves; loosely, with
Rhizome. An underground, creeping basal bracts. 2. A small spike, part of a 3 leaflets; trifoliolate, with 3 leaflets.
Palmate. Lobed in the fashion of a hand, stem that acts as a storage organ and bears branched flower cluster.
with 5 lobes arising from the same point. leafy shoots. True [of seedlings]. Retaining the
Spore. The minute reproductive structure distinctive characteristics of the parent
Pan. A shallow, free-draining pot in which Root. The part of a plant, normally of flowerless plants, e.g., ferns, fungi, when raised from seed.
alpine plants or bulbs are grown. underground, that functions as anchorage and mosses.
and through which water and nutrients Truss. A compact cluster of flowers,
Panicle. A branched raceme. are absorbed. An aerial root emerges Sporangium (pl. sporangia). A body that often large and showy, e.g., those of
from the stem at some distance above produces spores. pelargoniums and rhododendrons.
Papilla (pl. papillae). A minute the soil level.
protuberance or glandlike structure. Sport. A mutation, caused by an accidental Tuber. A thickened, usually underground,
Rootball. The roots and accompanying or induced change in the genetic makeup storage organ derived from a stem or root.
Pealike [of flowers]. Of the same soil or compost visible when a plant of a plant, which gives rise to a shoot with
structure as a pea flower. is lifted. different characteristics from those of the Tubercle. A small, rounded protuberance;
parent plant. see also areole.
Peat bed. A specially constructed area, Rootstock. A well-rooted plant onto
edged with peat blocks and containing which a scion is grafted; see grafting. Spur. 1. A hollow projection from a petal, Turion. 1. A bud on a rhizome. 2. A fleshy,
moisture-retentive, acidic, peaty soil. often producing nectar. 2. A short stem overwintering bud found on certain
Rosette. A group of leaves radiating bearing a group of flower buds such as is water plants.
Pedicel. The stalk of an individual flower. from approximately the same point, often found on fruit trees.
borne at ground level at the base of a very Umbel. A usually flat-topped or rounded
Peduncle. The stalk of a flower cluster. short stem. Spur back. To cut back side shoots to flower cluster in which the individual
within 2 or 3 buds of the main shoot. flower stalks arise from a central point.
Peltate [of leaves]. Shield-shaped, with the Runner. A horizontally spreading, usually In a compound umbel, each primary stalk
stalk inserted toward or at the center of slender stem that forms roots at each node; Stamen. The anther and filament. ends in an umbel.
the blade and not at the margin. often confused with stolon.
Standard. 1. A tree or shrub with a Upright [of habit]. With vertical or semi-
Perennial. Living for at least 3 seasons. Scale. 1. A reduced or modified leaf. 2. Part clear length of bare stem below the first vertical main branches.
In this book the term when used as a of a conifer cone. branches. Certain shrubs, e.g., roses and
noun, and unless qualified, denotes an fuchsias, may be trained to form standards. Water bud. See turion.
herbaceous perennial. A woody-based Scandent. See climber. 2. One of the 3 inner and often erect
perennial dies down only partially, leaving perianth segments of the iris flower. Whorl. The arrangement of 3 or more
a woody stem at the base. Scarify. To scar the coat of a seed by 3. The larger, usually upright back petal organs arising from the same point.
abrasion in order to speed water intake of a flower in the family Leguminosae,
Perianth. The outer parts of the flower and hence germination. e.g., Lathyrus. Winged [of seeds or fruits]. Having a
comprising the calyx and the corolla. The marginal flange or membrane.
term is often used when the calyx and Scion. See grafting. Stapeliad. A member of the genus Stapelia
the corolla are very similar in form. and closely related genera of the family Woody-stemmed. With a stem composed
Scree. An area composed of a deep layer Asclepiadaceae. of woody fibers and therefore persistent, as
Perianth segment. One portion of of stone chips mixed with a small amount opposed to soft-stemmed and herbaceous.
the perianth, resembling a petal and of loam. It provides extremely sharp Stem segment. A portion of a jointed A semiwoody stem contains some softer
sometimes known as a tepal. drainage for plants that resent moisture stem between 2 nodes, most frequently tissue and may be only partially persistent.
at their base. occurring in cacti.
Petal. One portion of the often showy x The sign used to denote a hybrid plant
and colored part of the corolla. In some Seed head. Any usually dry fruit that Sterile. Infertile, not bearing spores,
families, e.g., Liliaceae, the perianth contains ripe seeds. pollen, seeds, etc. derived from the crossing of 2 or more
segments are petal-like and referred botanically distinct plants.
to horticulturally as petals. Seed leaf (cotyledon). The first leaf, pair
of leaves, or occasionally group of leaves + The sign used to denote a graft hybrid;
see grafting.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special thanks to John R.L. Carter for Howard Rice (bl). 45 Alamy Images: Images: Paul Lane: Paulownia tomentosa; Garden World Images: Paraserianthes
pictures of water plants; Tony Russell Steffen Hauser / botanikfoto (ca); The John Martin: Quercus rubra ‘Aurea’. lophantha 90 Alamy: imagebroker: Acer
738 for his tree and shrub photography; Garden Picture Library (tc). GAP The Garden Collection: Derek Harris: palmatum ‘Osakazuki’ 91 Alamy:
Dr Evelyn Stevens for her help with Photos: Elke Borkowski (br). Garden Aesculus x neglecta ‘Erythroblastos’ Richard Becker: Sorbus aucuparia;
Meconopsis entries and images, and also World Images: N+R Colborn (cra). 73 A-Z Botanical Collection: Drimys blickwinkel: Sorbus intermedia. GAP
to Julian Shaw for additional help and 46 GAP Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones winteri. Alamy: CuboImages srl: Quercus Photos: Dave Bevan: Sorbus x kewensis;
support throughout the preparation of (br). 47 Alamy Images: Charles Stirling cerris ‘Argenteovariegata’. Frank Lane Sarah Cuttle: Sorbus esserteauana;
the 5th edition. (cr). 49 GAP Photos: Mark Bolton (cr). Picture Agency (FLPA): Keith Howard Rice: Sorbus thibetica ‘John
50 Garden World Images: L Thomas Rushforth: Toona sinensis. GAP Photos: Mitchell’. Photoshot: Photos
The publisher would like to thank the (fcrb). Photolibrary: Photos Lamontagne/ Dianna Jazwinski: Eucryphia cordifolia. Horticultural: Sorbus megalocarpa.
following for their kind permission to GPL (crb). 51 Alamy Images: Photolibrary: J S Sira: Catalpa fargesii f. Science Photo Library (SPL): Malcolm
reproduce their photographs. Christopher Burrows (br). 52 GAP duclouxii. Science Photo Library (SPL): Richards: Sorbus forrestii 92 Corbis: Eric
Illustrations elsewhere in the book Photos: Mark Bolton (br). Garden Jim D Saul: Acer pseudoplatanus ‘Simon Crichton: Malus ‘Golden Hornet’. Garden
use the key: a-above; b-below/bottom; World Images: MAP/Jean-Yves Grospas Louis Frères’ 74 Alamy: blickwinkel: World Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat:
c-centre; f-far; l-left; r-right; t-top. (crb). 53 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom Acer negundo ‘Variegatum’. Acer laxiflorum 93 GAP Photos: Martin
Every effort has been made to trace the (br); Howard Rice (cra). Garden World GardenPhotos.com: judywhite: Hughes-Jones: Pittosporum eugenioides
copyright holders. Dorling Kindersley Images: John Martin (c). 54 GAP Kalopanax septemlobus 75 Frank Lane ‘Variegatum’. Garden World Images:
apologizes for unintentional ommissions, Photos: Richard Bloom (clb); Jonathan Picture Agency (FLPA): Keith Arbutus unedo 94 Alamy: Holmes
and would be pleased, if any such case Need (cb). 55 GAP Photos: Carole Drake, Rushforth: Phellodendron chinense, Garden Photos: Ilex aquifolium ‘Ferox
should arise, to add an appropriate Design: Josse and Brian Emerson (tr); Quercus marilandica. GardenPhotos. Argentea’; Martin Hughes-Jones: Ilex
acknowledgment in future editions. Howard Rice (br). Getty Images: Ron com: judywhite: Quercus ithaburensis aquifolium ‘Madame Briot’, Ilex x
Evans (cb). John McCormack: (bc). subsp. macrolepis. Science Photo altaclerensis ‘Belgica Aurea’;
2 Corbis: Eric Crichton. 3 Getty 56-57 Clive Nichols. 57 Clive Nichols: Library (SPL): John Stiles: Plantography: Ilex x altaclerensis
Images: Gyro Photography/amanaimages (ftl, tl, tr, ftr). 59 GAP Photos: Elke Emmenopterys henryi 76 Frank Lane ‘Camelliifolia’; The Garden Picture
RF. 4 Getty Images: Evan Sklar. Borkowski (tr). 60 Garden World Picture Agency (FLPA): David Library: Ilex aquifolium ‘Bacciflava’, Ilex
6 Corbis: Radius Images. 12-13 GAP Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat: Fraxinus Hosking: Oxydendrum arboreum. x altaclerensis ‘Golden King’. Garden
Photos: Richard Bloom/Design: Adrian excelsior ‘Jaspidea’. Photolibrary: Paroli Garden World Images: John World Images: Floramedia: Ilex
Bloom. 13 GAP Photos: Jerry Harpur/ Galperti: Davidia involucrata 61 Alamy: Swithinbank: Acer henryi 77 Alamy: aquifolium ‘Silver Queen’; M Hughes-
Design: Andy Sturgeon, RHS Chelsea K-Pix: Fagus sylvatica ‘Riversii’. Garden Andrea Jones: Acer capillipes. Garden Jones: Ilex aquifolium; MAP/Arnaud
Flower Show 2006 (tl). Clive Nichols: World Images: Gilles Delacroix: Fagus World Images: Nyssa sinensis. Descat: Ilex pernyi. Photolibrary: Carole
Pettifers Garden, Oxfordshire (ftr). sylvatica ‘Rohanii’ 62 Alamy: Marianne Majerus Garden Images: Drake: Ilex crenata ‘Convexa’ 95 Alamy:
14 Marianne Majerus Garden blickwinkel: Celtis australis. Getty: Fiona Edmond: Parrotia persica Arco Images GmbH: Abies procera
Images: Marianne Majerus. 15 Clive DEA/D. Dagli Orti: Juglans regia. 78 Alamy: Mark Boulton: Quercus suber; 96 Alamy: WILDLIFE GmbH: Wollemia
Nichols: Lady Farm, Somerset: Designer, Marianne Majerus Garden Images: John Glover: Acer pensylvanicum nobilis. Garden World Images:
Judy Pearce (t). Photolibrary: Friedrich Marianne Majerus: Quercus robur f. ‘Erythrocladum’, Betula ermanii; Brian Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ‘Intertexta’.
Strauss (b). 16 GAP Photos: Marcus fastigiata 63 Alamy: CuboImages srl: Hoffman: Acer griseum; MBP-One: Betula Photolibrary: Leonie Lambert: Cedrus
Harpur (t). Getty Images: John Glover Platanus x hispanica. GAP Photos: utilis var. jacquemontii ‘Grayswood deodara 97 Garden World Images:
(bc). Clive Nichols: Designer: Dominic Martin Hughes-Jones: Tilia platyphyllos Ghost’; Wildscape: Acer grosseri. GAP Cedrus libani 98 Alamy: F Davis:
Skinner (bl). 17 Marianne Majerus ‘Rubra’. Garden World Images: Photos: Fiona Lea: Betula utilis var. Araucaria araucana. Getty: Tim Gainey:
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus/ W E Procter: Platanus orientalis jacquemontii ‘Jermyns’. Garden World Araucaria araucana 99 GAP Photos:
Susanne Blair (t); Marianne Majerus/RHS 64 Alamy: blickwinkel: Fagus sylvatica Images: T Sims: Acer palmatum ‘Sango- Adrian Bloom, location: David Wards
Hyde Hall Garden (br). 18 Clive Nichols: ‘Aspleniifolia’. Getty: DEA/C. Sappa: kaku’. Getty: Clive Nichols: Pinus Garden, Leeds, Yorkshire: Picea
Design: Ivan Tucker (b). Photolibrary: Zelkova carpinifolia. Photoshot: Michael sylvestris. Photolibrary: Richard Bloom: engelmannii. Garden World Images:
Ellen Rooney (t). 19 Photolibrary: Allan Warren: Tilia ‘Petiolaris’. Science Photo Pinus bungeana; Mark Bolton: Stewartia Taxodium distichum. Photoshot: Tsuga
Mandell (tl). 20 Marianne Majerus Library (SPL): Vaughan Fleming: pseudocamellia; John Glover: Prunus mertensiana ‘Glauca’. Savill Gardens:
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus/ Quercus frainetto 65 Garden World serrula; Francois de Heel: Acer davidii Picea glauca ‘Coerulea’ 100 Alamy:
Hermannshof, Weinheim, Germany / Images: Pterocarya x rehderiana. 79 Frank Lane Picture Agency kpzfoto: Juniperus chinensis ‘Keteleeri’.
Cassian Schmidt (b). Clive Nichols: Science Photo Library (SPL): Bob (FLPA): Martin B Withers: Fraxinus GAP Photos: FhF Greenmedia: Picea
Wollerton Old Hall, Shropshire (t). Gibbons: Quercus coccinea 66 Alamy: excelsior ‘Pendula’. The Garden likiangensis 102 Photolibrary: Pinus
21 GAP Photos: Elke Borkowski (cra); Holmes Garden Photos: Acer rubrum. Collection: Andrew Lawson: Acer contorta, Pseudolarix amabilis,
Martin Hughes-Jones (br). Marianne GAP Photos: Heather Edwards: pensylvanicum 80 Garden World Pseudolarix amabilis, Taxus baccata
Majerus Garden Images: Andrew Cercidiphyllum japonicum; Martin Images: John Swithinbank: ‘Lutea’; Leonie Lambert: Pseudolarix
Lawson/Piet Oudolf/Bury Court, Hants. Hughes-Jones: Fraxinus angustifolia Trachycarpus fortunei 81 Garden World amabilis; Fritz Polking: Pinus contorta;
(bl). 22 GAP Photos: Designer: Marcus ‘Raywood’. Garden World Images: Images: Aesculus californica 83 Garden Howard Rice: Taxus baccata ‘Lutea’
Barnett and Philip Nixon (bl); Location: MAP/Frédéric Didillon: Quercus palustris World Images: Gilles Delacroix: Prunus 103 Garden World Images: Juniperus
The Summer Garden, Bressingham 67 Alamy: Bob Gibbons: Prunus avium; persica ‘Prince Charming’ 84 Garden chinensis ‘Obelisk’. Science Photo
Gardens, Norfolk, UK (br). Clive Steffen Hauser/botanikfoto: Juglans World Images: Laburnum x watereri Library (SPL): Chris Hellier: Juniperus
Nichols: Pettifers Garden, Oxfordshire ailantifolia var. cordiformis 68 Alamy: ‘Vossii’. Getty: Geoff Kidd: Malus chinensis ‘Robust Green’ 104 Alamy:
(cr); Winkworth Arboretum, Surrey (tr). John Glover: Quercus x turneri. Garden floribunda 85 Alamy: fotoFlora: Martin Hughes-Jones: Pinus sylvestris
23 Clive Nichols: (tr, cr, crb, br). World Images: Gilles Delacroix: Eucryphia glutinosa; Martin Hughes- ‘Aurea’. Frank Lane Picture Agency
24 GAP Photos: Matt Anker (tl); Eucalyptus johnstonii 69 Alamy: John Jones: Hoheria lyallii. GAP Photos: (FLPA): R P Lawrence: Taxus cuspidata.
Jonathan Buckley, Design:Carol and Glover: Salix daphnoides; Martin Hughes- Martin Hughes-Jones: Hoheria Garden World Images: Pinus pinea.
Malcolm Skinner (br). Marianne Jones: Malus hupehensis. Frank Lane angustifolia. Getty: Scientifica: Cornus Photolibrary: Ron Evans: Chamaecyparis
Majerus Garden Images: Marianne Picture Agency (FLPA): Keith kousa. Science Photo Library (SPL): obtusa ‘Crippsii’ 105 Alamy:
Majerus (clb). Clive Nichols: (cl, bl). Rushforth: Nothofagus menziesii. Science Adrian Thomas: Eucryphia lucida CuboImages srl: Podocarpus nivalis;
25 GAP Photos: (br); Friedrich Strauss Photo Library (SPL): John Stiles: 87 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones: Juniperus
(bc). Marianne Majerus Garden Nothofagus betuloides 70 Alamy: Cornus mas; Martin Hughes-Jones: squamata ‘Blue Carpet’. Corbis: Patrick
Images: Bennet Smith (bl). 32 GAP CuboImages srl: Magnolia ‘Ann’; Cornus capitata, Cornus kousa ‘National’; Johns: Abies cephalonica ‘Meyer’s Dwarf’.
Photos: S & O. 34 Alamy Images: Arco fotoFlora: Magnolia campbellii subsp. John Martin: Cornus kousa ‘Miss Satomi’; GAP Photos: Adrian Bloom: Abies
Images GmbH (c). GAP Photos: John mollicomata; Andrea Jones: Magnolia Organica: Cornus kousa var. chinensis. concolor ‘Compacta’, Pinus heldreichii
Glover (bl). 35 GAP Photos: Dave sprengeri var. diva, Magnolia x GAP Photos: Dave Bevan: Cornus kousa ‘Smidtii’, Taxus baccata ‘Dovastonii
Zubraski (br). 36 Alamy Images: brooklynensis ‘Yellow Bird’; The Garden var. chinensis ‘China Girl’; Dave Zubraski: Aurea’; J S Sira/Design: Collin Elliott:
Florapix (br). 37 GAP Photos: John Picture Library: Magnolia grandiflora Cornus nuttallii ‘Monarch’. Garden Juniperus x pfitzeriana ‘Old Gold’. Garden
Glover (br). 38-39 GAP Photos: Jerry ‘Exmouth’. Corbis: Mark Bolton: World Images: G. Delacroix: Cornus World Images: Chamaecyparis obtusa
Harpur, Design: Naila Green. 39 Getty Magnolia liliiflora ‘Nigra’; Clive Nichols: alternifolia; Paul Lane: Cornus florida ‘Nana Gracilis’, Juniperus squamata
Images: Martin Page (c). 40 GAP Magnolia ‘Galaxy’. Garden World ‘Cherokee Chief’; MAP/Arnaud Descat: ‘Holger’, Microbiota decussata, Platycladus
Photos: Carole Drake (t). Photolibrary: Images: Adrian James: Magnolia Cornus florida ‘Cherokee Princess’; MAP/ orientalis ‘Aurea Nana’, Thuja plicata
Garden Pix LTD (b). 41 GAP Photos: ‘Butterflies’; J Lilly: Magnolia wilsonii; Nicole et Patrick Mioulane: Cornus mas ‘Stoneham Gold’; R Coates: Juniperus
Adrian Bloom (tr); Neil Holmes (cr). John Martin: Magnolia ‘Pinkie’. Getty: ‘Aureoelegantissima’; L Thomas: Cornus squamata ‘Holger’; G. Delacroix:
42 GAP Photos: Neil Holmes (cl). Richard Bloom: Magnolia ‘Black Tulip’. florida ‘Rainbow’ 88 Frank Lane Microbiota decussata; MAP/Nathalie
Garden World Images: T Sims (cr). Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Magnolia Picture Agency (FLPA): Keith Pasquel: Chamaecyparis obtusa ‘Nana
43 Alamy Images: John Glover (tc). ‘Vulcan’; J S Sira: Magnolia x loebneri Rushforth: Ehretia dicksonii. Garden Gracilis’, Platycladus orientalis ‘Aurea
GAP Photos: Nicola Browne, Design: ‘Leonard Messel’, Magnolia x soulangeana World Images: Ulmus glabra Nana’. GardenPhotos.com: judywhite:
Bernard Hicks (cr). 44 GAP Photos: ‘Rustica Rubra’ 71 Marianne Majerus ‘Camperdownii’ 89 Frank Lane Picture Chamaecyparis pisifera ‘Filifera Aurea’,
Carole Drake, Location: Sir Harold Hillier Garden Images: Marianne Majerus: Agency (FLPA): Ron Boardman, Life Juniperus scopulorum ‘Skyrocket’.
Gardens/Hampshire County Council (c); Halesia monticola 72 Garden World Science Image: Koelreuteria paniculata. Photolibrary: Jerry Pavia: Picea pungens
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‘Globosa’ 106-107 GAP Photos: Richard Prunus mume ‘Beni-chidori’. GAP GAP Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones: x jamensis ‘Hot Lips’; G Delacroix: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Bloom. 107 GAP Photos: Sharon Photos: S & O: Ribes sanguineum Hydrangea paniculata ‘Limelight’. Salvia x jamensis ‘Sierra San Antonio’;
Pearson (ftl). Clive Nichols: (tl) (ftr) (tr). ‘Pulborough Scarlet’. Garden World Garden World Images: R Coates: G. Delacroix: Salvia officinalis 739
110 Garden World Images: Images: Leptospermum scoparium ‘Red Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Europa’, ‘Berggarten’; L Thomas: Salvia greggii
Amelanchier lamarckii 111 Garden Damask’ 124 GAP Photos: Dave Bevan: Hydrangea serrata ‘Grayswood’; Rita ‘Icing Sugar’. Getty: Salvia officinalis,
World Images: Dipelta floribunda. Rhododendron sinogrande. Garden Coates: Hydrangea aspera ‘Mauvette’; Salvia officinalis ‘Purpurascens’, Salvia
Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Berberis World Images: M Hughes-Jones: G. Delacroix: Hydrangea macrophylla officinalis ‘Tricolor’; De Agostini: Salvia
valdiviana 112 Alamy: Holmes Garden Rhododendron ‘Gomer Waterer’, ‘Libelle’, Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Möwe’; officinalis; Linda Lewis: Salvia officinalis
Photos: Salix exigua 113 Garden World Rhododendron quinquefolium; MAP/ Steffen Hauser: Hydrangea aspera subsp. ‘Tricolor’. Photolibrary: Geoff Kidd:
Images: Martin Hughes-Jones: Nathalie Pasquel: Rhododendron ‘Golden sargentiana; K Howchin: Hydrangea Salvia microphylla ‘Newby Hall’; Juliette
Crinodendron patagua, Elaeagnus Torch’; J Need: Rhododendron macrophylla ‘Ayesha’ 136 Alamy: The Wade: Salvia microphylla ‘Pink Blush’
umbellata 114 GAP Photos: Christina calophytum. Photolibrary: Georgianna Garden Picture Library: Paeonia delavayi. 158 Alamy: John Glover: Lavandula
Bollen: Buddleja davidii ‘White Profusion’; Lane: Rhododendron decorum; Brigitte Garden World Images: MAP/Nathalie x chaytorae ‘Sawyers’; Holmes Garden
FhF Greenmedia: Buddleja salviifolia; Thomas: Rhododendron williamsianum. Pasquel: Erythrina x bidwillii 137 Alamy: Photos: Lavandula ‘Fathead’, Lavandula
Lynn Keddie: Buddleja x weyeriana Photoshot: Michael Warren: Milestone Media: Abutilon ‘Ashford Red’. angustifolia ‘Miss Katherine’. GAP
‘Moonlight’; Rob Whitworth: Abutilon Rhododendron decorum. Royal Garden World Images: Camellia Photos: Elke Borkowski: Lavandula
vitifolium ‘Veronica Tennant’. Garden Horticultural Society (RHS): Carol japonica ‘Mathotiana’ 138 Garden pedunculata subsp. pedunculata ‘James
World Images: D Brown: Buddleja Sheppard: Rhododendron pachysanthum World Images: Ceanothus impressus. Compton’; Suzie Gibbons: Lavandula
colvilei ‘Kewensis’; M Hughes-Jones: 125 Alamy: Brian Hoffman: Photolibrary: Sunniva Harte: Iochroma angustifolia ‘Wendy Carlile’; Dianna
Buddleja ‘Lochinch’, Buddleja davidii ‘Pink Rhododendron arboreum; Holmes Garden australe 140 Garden World Images: Jazwinski: Lavandula angustifolia
Delight’, Buddleja x weyeriana ‘Sungold’. Photos: Rhododendron praecox. GAP Euonymus europaeus ‘Red Cascade’. The ‘Imperial Gem’; J S Sira: Lavandula
The Garden Collection: Jonathan Photos: Richard Bloom: Rhododendron Garden Collection: Andrew Lawson: ‘Helmsdale’, Lavandula angustifolia
Buckley: Buddleja ‘Lochinch’, Buddleja ‘Fastuosum Flore Pleno’; Christina Bollen: Rhus glabra 141 GAP Photos: David ‘Loddon Blue’, Lavandula stoechas f. rosea
davidii ‘Black Knight’; Nicola Stocken Rhododendron niveum; FhF Greenmedia: Dixon: Berberis x carminea ‘Barbarossa’. ‘Kew Red’. Garden World Images:
Tomkins: Buddleja davidii ‘Dartmoor’ Rhododendron cinnabarinum; Neil Garden World Images: Leonotis G. Delacroix: Lavandula lanata;
115 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: Holmes: Rhododendron ‘Blue Danube’. leonurus. Getty: Rob Whitworth: C Fairweather: Lavandula angustifolia
Syringa vulgaris ‘Andenken an Ludwig Garden World Images: G Delacroix: Disanthus cercidifolius 142 Alamy: LITTLE LOTTIE, Lavandula stoechas
Späth’. Garden World Images: G. Rhododendron ‘Blaauw’s Pink’, CuboImages srl: Cotoneaster conspicuus, ‘Snowman’; MAP/N Pasquel: Lavandula
Delacroix: Syringa pubescens subsp. Rhododendron ‘Purple Splendour’; Cotoneaster x watereri ‘John Waterer’; angustifolia ‘Little Lady’; T Sims:
patula ‘Miss Kim’; M Hughes-Jones: M Hughes-Jones: Rhododendron Steffen Hauser/botanikfoto: Cotoneaster Lavandula angustifolia ‘Hidcote’;
Syringa x persica; MAP/Arnaud Descat: ‘Daviesii’, Rhododendron fulvum; salicifolius; Colin Underhill: Euonymus L Thomas: Lavandula ‘Regal Splendour’,
Syringa komarowii subsp. reflexa, Syringa Christopher Lavis-Jones: Rhododendron hamiltonianus subsp. sieboldianus. Lavandula ‘Willow Vale’. Photolibrary:
vulgaris ‘Firmament’, Syringa vulgaris ‘Patty Bee’. Photolibrary: Georgianna Garden World Images: S Hauser: Chris L Jones: Lavandula x intermedia
‘Katherine Havemeyer’. Marianne Lane: Rhododendron ‘Hotei’. Royal Daphne mezereum; D Murphy: ‘Alba’ 159 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones:
Majerus Garden Images: Marianne Horticultural Society (RHS): Rebecca Cotoneaster frigidus. Janet Johnson: Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens.
Majerus: Syringa x persica ‘Alba’ Ross: Rhododendron ‘Gibraltar’ Hippophae rhamnoides. Photolibrary: Garden World Images: Ceratostigma
116 Garden World Images: Derek 126 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: Richard Bloom: Cornus alba ‘Sibirica willmottianum 160 Garden World
Gould: Genista tenera ‘Golden Shower’ Cornus sericea ‘Flaviramea’; J Need: Variegata’ 143 Alamy: Steffen Hauser/ Images: Gilles Delacroix:
117 Garden World Images: Cotoneaster Cornus sericea ‘White Gold’; Plantography: botanikfoto: Viburnum farreri. Garden Symphoricarpos orbiculatus ‘Foliis
‘Cornubia’. John Glover: Cotinus ‘Flame’ Cornus alba ‘Elegantissima’. GAP World Images: Nandina domestica ‘Fire Variegatis’ 161 GAP Photos: Martin
118 Alamy: John Glover: Hamamelis x Photos: J S Sira: Corylopsis pauciflora; Power’, Viburnum tinus ‘Eve Price’; Hughes-Jones: Hypericum x inodorum
intermedia ‘Arnold Promise’, Hamamelis Jo Whitworth: Cornus sericea ‘Kelseyi’. Christopher Lavis-Jones: Viburnum tinus ‘Elstead’; J S Sira: Halimium lasianthum
x intermedia ‘Barmstedt Gold’, Hamamelis Garden World Images: Jacqui Dracup: ‘Eve Price’. The Garden Collection: subsp. formosum. Garden World
x intermedia ‘Jelena’; MBP-Plants: Edgeworthia chrysantha; T Sims: Cornus Jonathan Buckley: Viburnum foetens Images: Coriaria terminalis var.
Hamamelis x intermedia ‘Pallida’. GAP alba ‘Aurea’, Cornus sanguinea 144 GAP Photos: John Glover: Fatsia xanthocarpa, Hypericum kouytchense
Photos: Richard Bloom: Hamamelis ‘Midwinter Fire’ 127 GAP Photos: Neil japonica ‘Variegata’. Getty: Hemant 162 Garden World Images: Berberis
x intermedia ‘Jelena’. Garden World Holmes: Forsythia x intermedia ‘Beatrix Jariwala: Mahonia japonica 145 Alamy: ‘Rubrostilla’, Cytisus scoparius f.
Images: Jacqui Dracup: Hamamelis x Farrand’. Garden World Images: blickwinkel: Buxus balearica. Garden andreanus. Photolibrary: Mark Bolton:
intermedia ‘Robert’. Marianne Majerus Deutzia scabra, Kerria japonica ‘Pleniflora’, World Images: Gaultheria x wisleyensis Cuphea cyanea; Mark Turner/GPL: Myrica
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus: Lindera benzoin; Liz Cole: Deutzia scabra. ‘Wisley Pearl’, Prunus laurocerasus gale 163 GAP Photos: Adrian Bloom:
Azara microphylla. Photolibrary: Photolibrary: Mel Watson: Philadelphus ‘Zabeliana’; Trevor Sims: Prunus Fothergilla gardenii. The Garden
Richard Bloom: Hamamelis x intermedia ‘Beauclerk’ 129 Garden World Images: laurocerasus ‘Zabeliana’ 146 Alamy: Collection: Jonathan Buckley: Lonicera
‘Primavera’ 119 GAP Photos: Geoff Martin Hughes-Jones: Clethra barbinervis Holmes Garden Photos: Ribes x purpusii 164 Alamy: Plantography:
Kidd: Pittosporum dallii. Garden World 130 Garden World Images: Gilles sanguineum ‘Edward VII’; Martin Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Tom Thumb’
Images: G Kidd: Prunus lusitanica subsp. Delacroix: Leptospermum scoparium Hughes-Jones: Chaenomeles speciosa 165 GAP Photos: Friedrich Strauss:
variegata; Geoff Kidd: Prunus lusitanica ‘Snow White’; Trevor Sims: Colletia ‘Snow’ 148 Alamy: Chris Howes/Wild Artemisia abrotanum Artemisia
subsp. variegata 120 Alamy: Martin hystrix. P-Pod: Tim Argles: Olearia Places Photography: Ulex europaeus. abrotanum. Garden World Images:
Hughes-Jones: Camellia ‘Cornish Snow’. ilicifolia. Photoshot: Photos The Garden Collection: Derek Harris: Hebe cupressoides 166 Alamy: J S Sira/
GAP Photos: Fiona Lea: Camellia Horticultural: Zenobia pulverulenta. Choisya ternata SUNDANCE 149 Garden GPL: Erica carnea ‘Challenger’; Arco
japonica ‘Hagoromo’. Garden World Science Photo Library (SPL): Nick World Images: Convolvulus cneorum, Images GmbH: Erica vagans ‘St Keverne’;
Images: Camellia japonica ‘Alba Plena’, Wiseman: Escallonia virgata 132 Alamy: x Halimiocistus sahucii 150 Garden John Glover: Calluna vulgaris
Camellia japonica ‘Nobilissima’, Holmes Garden Photos: Olearia World Images: Rhaphiolepis umbellata ‘Annemarie’, Calluna vulgaris ‘Peter
Tetrapanax papyrifer, Tetrapanax macrodonta. GAP Photos: Martin 151 GAP Photos: J S Sira: Hebe recurva. Sparkes’, Calluna vulgaris ‘Wickwar
papyrifer; MAP/A Descat/Collection Hughes-Jones: Hibiscus syriacus ‘Red Garden World Images: Martin Hughes- Flame’; Martin Hughes-Jones: Erica
Pepineiere Stervinou: Camellia japonica Heart’; Mel Watson: Aloysia triphylla Jones: Ozothamnus ledifolius; M Hughes- carnea ‘Ann Sparkes’; Piotr & Irena
‘Nobilissima’; John Martin: Camellia 133 Garden World Images: Robinia Jones: Ozothamnus ledifolius. Science Kolasa: Calluna vulgaris ‘Dark Star’. GAP
japonica ‘Alba Plena’ 121 Alamy: hispida 134 Alamy: Martin Hughes- Photo Library (SPL): Anthony Cooper: Photos: Mark Bolton: Erica x darleyensis
blickwinkel/Jagel: Camellia ‘Spring Jones: Hydrangea paniculata ‘Silver Lomatia silaifolia 152 GAP Photos: ‘Arthur Johnson’; Geoff Kidd: Erica x
Festival’; John Glover: Camellia japonica Dollar’; Andrea Jones: Hydrangea Dianna Jazwinski: Deutzia ‘Mont Rose’ darleyensis ‘Furzey’. Garden World
‘Lavinia Maggi’. GAP Photos: Richard paniculata PINKY-WINKY. GAP Photos: 154 Alamy: Arco Images GmbH: Fuchsia Images: I Anderson: Erica erigena ‘Irish
Bloom: Camellia ‘Inspiration’; Lynn Martin Hughes-Jones: Hydrangea serrata ‘Riccartonii’; John Glover: Fuchsia Dusk’; G. Delacroix: Erica erigena f. alba
Keddie: Camellia x williamsii ‘J.C. ‘Diadem’; Rob Whitworth: Hydrangea magellanica; Martin Hughes-Jones: ‘Brian Proudley’; T Jennings: Erica vagans
Williams’; Geoff Kidd: Camellia japonica macrophylla ‘Madame Emile Mouillère’. Escallonia ‘Donard Beauty’. GAP Photos: ‘Birch Glow’; M Hughes-Jones: Erica
‘Brushfield’s Yellow’; Howard Rice: Garden World Images: G. Delacroix: Dave Zubraski: Fuchsia ‘Howlett’s Hardy’. carnea ‘Golden Starlet’; MAP/N Pasquel:
Camellia japonica ‘Tricolor’; S & O: Hydrangea arborescens ‘Annabelle’, Garden World Images: T Sims: Fuchsia Erica vagans ‘Mrs D. F. Maxwell’.
Camellia x williamsii ‘Jury’s Yellow’; J S Hydrangea quercifolia ‘Snowflake’. ‘Corallina’. Getty: Dave Zubraski: Fuchsia GardenPhotos.com: Judy White:
Sira: Camellia japonica ‘Bob’s Tinsie’. Marianne Majerus Garden Images: ‘Mrs Popple’, Fuchsia magellanica Calluna vulgaris ‘Beoley Gold’ 167 GAP
Garden World Images: G. Delacroix: Marianne Majerus: Hydrangea serrata ‘Thompsonii’. Marianne Majerus Photos: Geoff Kidd: Ruscus aculeatus
Camellia reticulata ‘Captain Rawes’; ‘Kiyosumi’; Marianne Majerus/RHS Garden Images: Marianne Majerus: Ruscus aculeatus. Garden World
MAP/A Descat/Collection Pepineiere Wisley Garden: Hydrangea paniculata Fuchsia magellanica var. gracilis. Science Images: Trevor Sims: Leucothöe
Stervinou: Camellia ‘Black Lace’, Camellia ‘Big Ben’. Photolibrary: Sunniva Harte: Photo Library (SPL): Mike Danson: fontanesiana ‘Rainbow’ 168 GAP
‘Freedom Bell’; T Sims: Camellia japonica Hydrangea heteromalla ‘Snowcap’; Marga Fuchsia ‘Madame Cornélissen’ Photos: Geoff Kidd. 168 Garden World
‘Adolphe Audusson’. Photolibrary: Clive Werner: Hydrangea paniculata ‘Phantom’. 155 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones: Salvia Images: Trevor Sims. 169 GAP Photos:
Nichols /GPL: Camellia x williamsii Science Photo Library (SPL): A-Z x jamensis ‘La Luna’; Plantography: Salvia Mark Anker (ftr); FhF Greenmedia (ftl);
‘Debbie’ 122 GAP Photos: J S Sira: Botanical Collection: Hydrangea microphylla ‘La Foux’, Salvia x jamensis Leigh Clapp (tr). 176 Alamy: John Glover:
Viburnum bitchiuense. Garden World macrophylla ‘Générale Vicomtesse de ‘Maraschino’. GAP Photos: Heather R. moyesii ‘Geranium’; Holmes Garden
Images: Choisya ‘Aztec Pearl’, Vibraye’ 135 Alamy: John glover: Edwards: Salvia microphylla ‘Cerro Photos: R. sericia subsp. omeiensis f.
Rhododendron ‘Percy Wiseman’; MAP/ Hydrangea paniculata PINK DIAMOND; Potosi’; FhF Greenmedia: Salvia x ptenracantha. GAP Photos: Jonathan
Nicole et Patrick Mioulane: Choisya ‘Aztec Holmes Garden Photos: Hydrangea jamensis ‘Red Velvet’; Marcus Harpur: Need: R. roxburghii. Garden World
Pearl’ 123 Alamy: Auscape International macrophylla ‘Ami Pasquier’; Andrea Salvia microphylla ‘Kew Red’. Garden Images: MAP/Jean-Yves Grospas: R.
Pty Ltd: Telopea truncata; John Glover: Jones: Hydrangea paniculata ‘Dharuma’. World Images: N R Colborn: Salvia rubiginosa; Trevor Sims: R. multibracteata.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Getty: Rob Whitworth: R. rugosa. fasciculiflora; T Sims: Clematis ‘Andromeda’; Piptanthus nepalensis 207 Alamy: Martin Surman: Anemone x hybrida ‘Konigin
Marianne Majerus Garden Images: Trevor Sims: Clematis ‘Andromeda’; Lee Hughes-Jones: Lonicera periclymenum Charlotte’; Mark Turner: Anemone
740 Marianne Majerus: R. glauca 177 Alamy: Thomas: Clematis ‘Avalanche’, Clematis ‘Red Gables’. GAP Photos: Howard Rice: x hybrida ‘September Charm’. Royal
Martin Hughes-Jones: R. ‘Buff Beauty’. ‘Early Sensation’, Clematis ARCTIC Lonicera etrusca ‘Michael Rosse’. Garden Horticultural Society (RHS): Anemone
GAP Photos: Michael Howes: R. QUEEN, Clematis cartmannii ‘Joe’. World Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat: hupehensis var. japonica ‘Bressingham
EVELYN; Rob Whitworth: R. KENT. Photolibrary: Ron Evans: Clematis Lonicera henryi. Photolibrary: Kate Glow’. The Garden Collection: Andrew
Photoshot: Photos Horticultural: montana; Abbe Green-Armytage: Boykin: Lonicera sempervirens; Howard Lawson: Helianthus ‘Lemon Queen’
R. SILVER ANNIVERSARY. Roses UK: Clematis ‘Guernsey Cream’. Photoshot: Rice: Lonicera etrusca ‘Superba’ 223 Alamy: Zena Elea: Diascia personata.
R. ISN'T SHE LOVELY 178 Alamy: Photos Horticultural: Clematis ‘Bella’ 208 Alamy: Charles Stirling: Cotoneaster Garden World Images: Aquilegia
Natural Garden Images: R. . MANY 199 Alamy: Roger Cope: Clematis PINK horizontalis. Garden World Images: vulgaris var. stellata ‘Black Barlow’
HAPPY RETURNS. GAP Photos: FhF CHAMPAGNE. GAP Photos: Martin Jasminum polyanthum, Vitis ‘Brant’; 224 Alamy: John Glover: Iris ‘Deep
Greenmedia: R. SUSAN DANIEL. Hughes-Jones: Clematis ‘Barbara Lee Thomas: Vitis ‘Brant’. Marianne Black’. British Iris Society: Iris japonica.
Photolibrary: Leonie Lambert: R. Jackman’. Garden World Images: Majerus Garden Images: Marianne GAP Photos: Mark Bolton: Iris x robusta
SAVOY HOTEL 179 Alamy: Roger Cope: R Coates: Clematis ‘Jacqueline du Pré’; Majerus: Campsis x tagliabuana ‘Madame ‘Gerald Darby’; Jonathan Buckley: Iris
R. NOSTALGIA. C & K Jones: R. CHRIS A Graham: Clematis ‘Barbara Jackman’; Galen’. Photolibrary: Howard Rice: ‘Green Spot’. Garden World Images:
BEARDSHAW. David Austin Roses: C Lavis-Jones: Clematis ‘Barbara Dibley’, Campsis radicans ‘Flamenco’ Iris hoogiana. Picturesmiths Ltd.: Iris
R. BRAVEHEART. Garden World Clematis ‘Barbara Dibley’; B Stojanovic: 209 Photolibrary: Gert Tabak: Celastrus ‘English Cottage’, Iris ‘Frost and Flame’,
Images: Gilles Delacroix: R. FLOWER Clematis ‘Corona’. Marianne Majerus orbiculatus ‘Diana’ 210 Alamy: Andrea Iris ensata ‘Moonlight Waves’, Iris
CARPET 181 Garden World Images: Garden Images: Marianne Majerus, Jones: Ampelopsis megalophylla germanica ‘Florentina’, Iris orientalis,
MAP/Nicole et Patrick Mioulane: R. GUY RHS Wisley Garden: Clematis cirrhosa. 211 Alamy: John Glover: Acacia dealbata. Iris sanguinea ‘Snow Queen’ 225 Alamy:
SAVOY. Photoshot: Michael Warren: Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Clematis Garden World Images: Martin Hughes- John Glover: Iris sibirica ‘Shirley Pope’;
R. LANCASHIRE 182 Garden World ‘Jan Lindmark’, Clematis montana var. Jones: Garrya elliptica ‘James Roof’ Holmes Garden Photos: Iris ‘Berlin Tiger’.
Images: G Delacroix: R. ABSOLUTELY rubens. Raymond Evison: Clematis 212-213 GAP Photos: Elke Borkowski. GAP Photos: Richard Bloom: Iris
FABULOUS; Christopher Lavis-Jones: BLUE MOON, Clematis CHANTILLY, 213 GAP Photos: Lynn Keddie (tl); Clive foetidissima; S & O: Iris ‘Holden Clough’.
R. ‘Arthur Bell’; Jenny Lilly: R. GOLDEN Clematis florida PISTACHIO, Clematis Nichols (tr); Howard Rice (ftl); Visions Garden World Images: Iris
BEAUTY. The Garden Collection: VIENNETTA 200 Alamy: CuboImages (ftr). 214 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom winogradowii. Photolibrary:
Derek Harris: R. GUY'S GOLD 183 GAP srl: Clematis ‘Perle d'Azur’; John Glover: (crb); Howard Rice (bl). 215 GAP Photos: Chris Burrows/GPL: Iris sibirica
Photos: Howard Rice: R. SIMPLY THE Clematis ‘Abundance’. GAP Photos: John Glover (bc/metal spirals). 216 GAP ‘Papillon’. Picturesmiths Ltd.: Iris ‘Kent
BEST. Harkness Roses, roses.co.uk: Mark Bolton: Clematis ‘Silver Moon’. Photos: Geoff Kidd: Impatiens tinctoria; Pride’, Iris ‘Perry’s Blue’, Iris ‘Tropic
R. EASY DOES IT. Roses UK: R. SUPER Garden World Images: Floramedia: Rob Whitworth: Sanguisorba tenuifolia Night’, Iris sibirica ‘Soft Blue’
TROOPER 184 Botanical Garden Clematis ‘Columella’, Clematis ‘Frankie’; ‘Alba’. Garden World Images: Derek 226 Andrew Lawson Digital: Aquilegia
Collection: R. filipes ‘Kiftsgate’. Garden Martin Hughes-Jones: Clematis ‘Frances Gould: Artemisia lactiflora 217 GAP viridiflora. Andrew Lawson
World Images: R. 'Félicité Perpétue’ Rivis’; C Lavis-Jones: Clematis Photos: Mark Bolton: Delphinium ‘Red Photography: Aquilegia longissima.
185 Garden World Images: ‘Westerplatte’; MAP/A Descat: Clematis Caroline’. Photolibrary: Paroli Galperti: Anne Green-Armytage: Aquilegia
R. ‘Veilchenblau’ 186 GAP Photos: ‘Black Prince’; MAP/N Pasquel: Clematis Delphinium ‘Cliveden Beauty’; J S Sira/ vulgaris ‘William Guiness’. Garden
Howard Rice: R. ‘Cécile Brünner’. ‘Abundance’, Clematis ‘Betty Corning’. GPL: Delphinium ‘Elizabeth Cook’ World Images: Aquilegia ‘Dragonfly’,
Garden World Images: R. ‘Guinée’ Raymond Evison: Clematis AVANT- 218 Alamy: John Glover: Meconopsis Aquilegia ‘Hensol Harebell’, Aquilegia
187 Chris Warner: R. GARDENERS GARDE, Clematis BOURBON, Clematis paniculata. Dr Evelyn Stevens: coerulea, Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila,
GLORY. GAP Photos: Maxine Adcock: ROSEMOOR, Clematis VINO. The Meconopsis grandis, Meconopsis ‘Jimmy Aquilegia Songbird Series ‘Bunting’,
R. SUMMER WINE; Visions Premium: Garden Collection: Torie Chugg: Bayne’, Meconopsis ‘Marit’, Meconopsis Aquilegia triternata; Brian Gadsby:
R. BRIDGE OF SIGHS. Garden World Clematis ‘Betty Corning’ 201 Alamy: baileyi ‘Alba’, Meconopsis x cookei ‘Old Aquilegia triternata; S Hauser: Aquilegia
Images: R. 'Mermaid’. Roses UK: Niall McDiarmid: Bomarea edulis. Rose’; Plant Heritage National Plant coerulea; MAP/A Descat: Aquilegia
R. ALIBABA 189 GAP Photos: Andrea Garden World Images: Lathyrus Collection: Meconopsis ‘Marit’, Songbird Series ‘Bunting’; T Schilling:
Jones (tl); Jerry Harpur (ftl); Marcus odoratus ‘Lady Diana’. Photolibrary: Meconopsis baileyi ‘Alba’, Meconopsis x Aquilegia ‘Hensol Harebell’; Darren
Harpur (ftr). 190 GAP Photos: John Anne Green-Armytage: Jasminum x cookei ‘Old Rose’. GAP Photos: Leigh Warner: Aquilegia ‘Dragonfly’. John
Glover (bl). 191 GAP Photos: Maddie stephanense. Photos Horticultural: Clapp: Meconopsis ‘Lingholm’; Fiona Lea: Glover: Aquilegia canadensis.
Thornhill (tr). 192 Alamy: Holmes Lathyrus odoratus ‘Charles Unwin’, Galega x hartlandii ‘Lady Wilson’; Howard Photolibrary: Tracey Rich: Aquilegia
Garden Photos: Prostanthera rotundifolia Lathyrus odoratus ‘Mrs Bernard Jones’ Rice: Meconopsis ‘Slieve Donard’. ‘Nora Barlow’. Thompson & Morgan:
‘Rosea’; Martin Hughes-Jones: Acradenia 202 Garden World Images: Ipomoea Garden World Images: Martin Hughes- Aquilegia chrysantha 227 Garden World
frankliniae; JTB Photo Communications, lobata. Getty: Ron Evans: Lapageria Jones: Thalictrum ‘Elin’. Photolibrary: Images: Doronicum columnae ‘Miss
Inc.: Stauntonia hexaphylla. Garden rosea; Leroy Simon: Ipomoea quamoclit. Howard Rice: Meconopsis ‘Crewdson Mason’ 228 GAP Photos: S & O: Paeonia
Picture Library: Ercilla volubilis. Paul Beard Photo Agency: Lathyrus Hybrid’ 219 Alamy: Florapix: Ligularia suffruticosa ‘Hakuo-jisi’; Rob Whitworth:
Garden World Images: Trevor Sims: odoratus ‘Barry Dare’ 203 Alamy: ‘The Rocket’; John Glover: Musa basjoo, Paeonia ‘Coral Charm’, Paeonia ‘Kelway’s
Holboellia latifolia. Photos Horticultural: Holmes Garden Photos: Callistemon Musa basjoo. Photoshot: Photos Fairy Queen’. Garden World Images:
Decumaria sinensis 193 Alamy: John subulatus; Martin Hughes-Jones: Horticultural: Acanthus mollis ‘Hollard’s Paeonia ‘Cheddar Gold’, Paeonia ‘Festiva
Glover: Jasminum beesianum. Garden Desfontainia spinosa. GAP Photos: Gold’ 220 Alamy: Jim Allan: Thalictrum Maxima’, Paeonia ‘Jan van Leeuwen’,
World Images: Campsis radicans ‘Indian Martin Hughes-Jones: Grevillea delavayi ‘Hewitt’s Double’. Eric Crichton Paeonia obovata var. alba; S Chesterman:
Summer’, Clianthus puniceus, Mitraria rosmarinifolia. Garden World Images: Photos: Anemone x hybrida ‘Honorine Paeonia ‘Cheddar Gold’; C Harris: Paeonia
coccinea, Ribes speciosum; MAP/Arnaud Callistemon citrinus ‘Splendens’, Cestrum Jobert’. GAP Photos: Victoria Firmston: ‘Jan van Leeuwen’; T Jennings: Paeonia
Descat: Mitraria coccinea; Trevor Sims: ‘Newellii’; Trevor Sims: Cestrum ‘Newellii’. Veronicastrum virginicum ‘Fascination’. ‘Festiva Maxima’. Marianne Majerus
Campsis radicans ‘Indian Summer’, Ribes Getty: Abutilon megapotamicum. Marianne Majerus Garden Images: Garden Images: Marianne Majerus:
speciosum 194 GAP Photos: Martin Photolibrary: J S Sira: Campsis Marianne Majerus: Hedychium x moorei Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Yachiyo-tsubaki’;
Hughes-Jones: Sollya heterophylla. grandiflora 204 GAP Photos: Geoff ‘Tara’. Photoshot: Photos Horticultural: Marianne Majerus/The Manor,
Garden World Images: Lee Thomas: Kidd: Aconitum hemsleyanum; J S Sira: Eremurus x isabellinus ‘Cleopatra’ Hemingford Grey: Paeonia ‘Lady
Humulus lupulus ‘Aureus’. Photolibrary: Ipomoea hederacea. Garden World 221 Alamy: WILDLIFE GmbH: Alexandra Duff’. Photolibrary: Martin
Mark Bolton: Ceanothus arboreus Images: Akebia trifoliata, Cobaea Echinacea paradoxa. GAP Photos: Page: Paeonia ‘Pillow Talk’ 229 Alamy:
‘Trewithen Blue’; Philippe Bonduel: scandens; Trevor Sims: Akebia trifoliata. Visions: Eupatorium maculatum Ros Drinkwater: Paeonia x lemoinei ‘High
Eriobotrya japonica 195 GAP Photos: Marianne Majerus Garden Images: ‘Riesenschirm’. Garden World Images: Noon’. Collection & Photo Riviere
John Glover: Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Andrew Lawson: Passiflora caerulea Echinacea ‘Harvest Moon’, Echinacea (France, 26 Drôme): Paeonia x lemoinei
var. maximowiczii ‘Elegans’. Garden 205 Alamy Images: Frank Paul: Wisteria purpurea ‘Coconut Lime’, Echinacea ‘L’Espérance’. GAP Photos: Visions:
World Images: Araujia sericifera, frutescens ‘Amethyst Falls’. Frank Lane purpurea ‘Doubledecker’, Echinacea Paeonia ‘Félix Crousse’; Rob Whitworth:
Hydrangea petiolaris, Jasminum mesnyi; Picture Agency (FLPA): Brian Davis: purpurea ‘Fragrant Angel’, Echinacea Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Rimpo’. Garden
Geoff Kidd: Araujia sericifera; Trevor Wisteria brachybotrys ‘White Silk’. GAP purpurea ‘Sundown’, Salvia involucrata World Images: G Delacroix: Paeonia
Sims: Hydrangea petiolaris 196 Garden Photos: Richard Bloom: Ceanothus ‘Bethellii’; G Delacroix: Echinacea ‘Thunderbolt’; L Thomas: Paeonia ‘Paul
World Images: Trevor Sims: Hydrangea ‘Puget Blue’; Neil Holmes: Plumbago ‘Harvest Moon’; G. Delacroix: Echinacea M. Wild’. Getty: Martin Page: Paeonia
seemannii; Lee Thomas: Jasminum auriculata; Martin Hughes-Jones: Wisteria purpurea ‘Coconut Lime’, Echinacea ‘Bartzella’, Paeonia ‘Garden Treasure’.
officinale f. affine. Science Photo frutescens ‘Longwood Purple’. Garden purpurea ‘Fragrant Angel’, Echinacea Marianne Majerus Garden Images:
Library (SPL): Bob Gibbons: Hydrangea World Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat: purpurea ‘Sundown’; J Spears: Echinacea Marianne Majerus: Paeonia ‘Claire de
serratifolia. The Garden Collection: Wisteria floribunda ‘Yae Kokoryu’; John purpurea ‘Doubledecker’. Photolibrary: Lune’. Photolibrary: Martin Page:
Andrew Lawson: Trachelospermum Martin: Wisteria sinensis ‘Prolific’. Cubo Images: Echinacea purpurea Paeonia ‘Buckeye Belle’ 230 GAP
asiaticum 197 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photolibrary: Jerry Pavia: Wisteria ‘Magnus’; Antonio Molero: Echinacea Photos: Suzie Gibbons: Selinum
Photos: Prostanthera cuneata. GAP frutescens; Mark Turner: Wisteria angustifolia; J S Sira: Echinacea purpurea wallichianum. Garden World Images:
Photos: Geoff Kidd: Drimys lanceolata. floribunda ‘Hon-Beni’. Royal ‘Razzmatazz’ 222 Alamy: Steffen Hauser/ Gilles Delacroix: Leucanthemum x
Garden World Images: Anredera Horticultural Society (RHS): Graham botanikfoto: Helianthus salicifolius. GAP superbum ‘Aglaia’ 231 GAP Photos:
cordifolia, Schizophragma hydrangeoides; Titchmarsh: Ceanothus ‘Burkwoodii’ Photos: J S Sira: Anemone hupehensis Jo Whitworth: Anaphalis triplinervis
Gilles Delacroix: Schizophragma 206 GAP Photos: John Glover: ‘Bowles’s Pink’. Garden World Images: ‘Sommerschnee’; Rob Whitworth: Gaura
hydrangeoides. Photolibrary: Howard Fremontodendron ‘California Glory’; L Thomas: Anemone hupehensis ‘Praecox’, lindheimeri. Garden World Images:
Rice: Dregea sinensis 198 GAP Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones: Campsis radicans Anemone x hybrida ‘Robustissima’. Lee Thomas: Leucanthemum x superbum
Fiona Lea: Clematis ‘Avalanche’; J S Sira: f. flava; Geoff Kidd: Hypericum ‘Rowallane’; Photolibrary: Paroli Galperti: Anemone ‘Sonnenschein’ 232 Alamy: CuboImages
Clematis cartmannii ‘Joe’. Garden World Howard Rice: Jasminum humile x hybrida ‘Whirlwind’; J S Sira: Anemone srl: Astilbe ‘Europa’; John Glover: Astilbe
Images: MAP/A Descat: Clematis ‘Revolutum’. Garden World Images: hupehensis var. japonica ‘Pamina’; Richard ‘Amethyst’; Steffen Hauser/botanikfoto:
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Astilbe ‘Granat’; Martin Hughes-Jones: Press: Gentiana lutea; Martin Hughes- GAP Photos: Richard Bloom: Rudbeckia D Wildridge: Primula ‘Dawn Ansell’. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Astilbe ‘Europa’. Garden World Jones: Berkheya macrocephala. maxima; Marcus Harpur: Kirengeshoma Science Photo Library (SPL): Bjanka
Images: G Delacroix: Astilbe GardenPhotos.com: Judy White: palmata, Kirengeshoma palmata. Garden Kadic: Primula Crescendo Series 741
‘Deutschland’; M Thornhill: Astilbe x Phlomis russeliana 244 bloompictures: World Images: Rudbeckia fulgida var. ‘Crescendo Pink and Rose Shades’
crispa ‘Perkeo’ 233 Marianne Majerus Hemerocallis ‘Cherry Cheeks’. GAP deamii, Rudbeckia laciniata ‘Herbstsonne’; 258 Alamy: John Glover: Primula
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus: Photos: Clive Nichols: Hemerocallis John Martin: Rudbeckia fulgida var. ‘Elizabeth Killelay’. GAP Photos:
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium ‘Thundercloud’ ‘Pardon Me’. Garden Picture Library: deamii. Photolibrary: Brian Carter: Visions: Primula ‘Don Keefe’. Garden
234 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom: J S Sira: Hemerocallis ‘Neyron Rose’. Solidago ‘Goldenmosa’ 252 Garden World Images: Primula ‘Belarina Cobalt
Persicaria campanulata ‘Rosenrot’. Garden World Images: Hemerocallis World Images: M Hughes-Jones: Blue’, Primula ‘Mark’; L Thomas: Primula
Garden World Images: Persicaria ‘Red ‘Canadian Border Patrol’, Hemerocallis Chrysanthemum ‘Innocence’; J Need: ‘Belarina Cobalt Blue’. Photolibrary:
Dragon’, Persicaria virginiana ‘Lance ‘Luxury Lace’, Hemerocallis ‘Prairie Blue Chrysanthemum ‘Chesapeake’. Sunniva Harte: Primula Crescendo Series
Corporal’, Persicaria virginiana ‘Painter’s Eyes’; G Delacroix: Hemerocallis ‘Luxury GardenPhotos.com: Graham Rice: ‘Crescendo Bright Red’ 259 Garden
Palette’, Rehmannia elata; M Hughes- Lace’; L Thomas: Hemerocallis ‘Canadian Chrysanthemum ‘Emperor of China’, World Images: M Hughes-Jones:
Jones: Persicaria ‘Red Dragon’; T Sims: Border Patrol’. The Garden Collection: Chrysanthemum ‘Nell Gwynn’, Primula ‘Fransisca’. Photolibrary:
Persicaria virginiana ‘Lance Corporal’, Derek Harris: Hemerocallis ‘Stoke Poges’ Chrysanthemum ‘Purleigh White’. Royal Sunniva Harte: Primula veris ‘Katy
Persicaria virginiana ‘Painter’s Palette’. 245 bloompictures: Hemerocallis Horticultural Society (RHS): Ali McSparron’. Picturesmiths Ltd:
Getty: Dave Zubraski: Persicaria affinis ‘Cream Drop’. GAP Photos: Adrian Cundy: Chrysanthemum ‘Aunt Millicent’, R. Smith: Primula ‘Trouble’ 260 Alamy:
‘Superba’. Photolibrary: Carole Drake/ Bloom: Hemerocallis ‘Whichford’; Martin Chrysanthemum ‘Spartan Seagull’ Karen Appleyard: Helleborus
GPL: Persicaria polymorpha 235 GAP Hughes-Jones: Hemerocallis ‘Cathy’s 253 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones: purpurascens; Florapix: Lathyrus vernus,
Photos: J S Sira: Hemerocallis ‘Red Sunset’. Garden Picture Library: Chrysanthemum ‘Duchess of Edinburgh’. Lathyrus vernus. Garden World
Precious’. Garden World Images: M Bolton: Hemerocallis dumortieri; C GAP Photos: Richard Bloom: Images: Glaucidium palmatum, Lathraea
Lychnis chalcedonica, Lychnis Burrows: Hemerocallis ‘Little Wine Cup’. Chrysanthemum ‘Cottage Apricot’; clandestina, Lathraea clandestina; Dr Alan
chalcedonica, Phlox paniculata ‘Prince Garden World Images: G Delacroix: Howard Rice: Chrysanthemum ‘Mary Beaumont: Lathraea clandestina, Lathraea
of Orange’; Rodger Tamblyn: Lychnis Hemerocallis ‘Green Flutter’; G Harper: Stoker’. Garden World Images: clandestina. The Garden Collection:
chalcedonica, Lychnis chalcedonica Hemerocallis ‘Lemon Bells’; T Jennings: Chrysanthemum ‘Apollo’, Chrysanthemum Nicola Stocken Tomkins: Epimedium
236 Photolibrary: J S Sira: Penstemon Hemerocallis ‘Chicago Sunrise’. Peter ‘Doctor Tom Parr’, Chrysanthemum epsteinii 261 Alamy: Martin Hughes-
‘The Juggler’ 237 bloompictures: Stiles Photography: Hemerocallis ‘Nantyderry Sunshine’, Chrysanthemum Jones: Brunnera macrophylla ‘Jack Frost’.
Penstemon ‘Chester Scarlet’, Penstemon ‘Cartwheels’. The Garden Collection: ‘Ruby Mound’, Chrysanthemum ‘Tapestry GAP Photos: Carole Drake, courtesy The
‘King George V’. Garden World Andrew Lawson: Hemerocallis ‘Bonanza’; Rose’; R Coates: Chrysanthemum ‘Ruby Sir Harold Hillier Gardens/Hampshire
Images: Penstemon ‘Cherry Ripe’, Nicola Stocken Tomkins: Hemerocallis Mound’; R Ditchfield: Chrysanthemum County Council: Pulmonaria ‘Lewis
Penstemon ‘Papal Purple’, Penstemon ‘Black Magic’ 246 Alamy: Holmes ‘Doctor Tom Parr’; G Harper: Palmer’; Heather Edwards: Pulmonaria
‘Russian River’; G. Delacroix: Penstemon Garden Photos: Euphorbia griffithii Chrysanthemum ‘Nantyderry Sunshine’; ‘Mawson’s Blue’. Garden World
‘Cherry Ripe’; Derek Gould: Penstemon ‘Fireglow’. Garden World Images: MAP/A Kubacsi: Chrysanthemum ‘Apollo’. Images: G Delacroix: Pulmonaria
‘Russian River’. Marianne Majerus Martin Hughes-Jones: Verbascum GardenPhotos.com: Graham Rice: ‘Margery Fish’; G. Delacroix: Pulmonaria
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus/ ‘Cotswold Beauty’ 247 Alamy: Holmes Chrysanthemum ‘Bronze Elegance’, ‘Excalibur’; MAP/A Descat: Pulmonaria
Little Llanavon, Herefordshire: Garden Photos: Achillea ptarmica ‘The Chrysanthemum ‘Grandchild’, ‘Mary Mottram’; L Thomas: Pulmonaria
Penstemon heterophyllus ‘Heavenly Blue’. Pearl’. GAP Photos: Lynn Keddie: Chrysanthemum ‘Perry’s Peach’, OPAL Pulmonaria OPAL. Getty: Martin
Photolibrary: Chris Burrows: Achillea ‘Belle Epoque’; J S Sira: Achillea Chrysanthemum ‘Sea Urchin’. John Page: Mertensia virginica, Mertensia
Penstemon whippleanus 238 Alamy: ‘Christine’s Pink’. Garden World McCormack: Chrysanthemum ‘Chelsea virginica. Photolibrary: John Glover /
Holmes Garden Photos: Astrantia major Images: A Biddle: Achillea Physic Garden’. Marianne Majerus GPL: Pulmonaria rubra ‘David Ward’;
‘Ruby Wedding’; Martin Hughes-Jones: ‘Lachsschönheit’; N R Colborn: Achillea Garden Images: Marianne Majerus/ Howard Rice/GPL: Pulmonaria rubra
Papaver ‘Fireball’; Wildscape: Papaver ‘Heidi’; G. Delacroix: Achillea millefolium NCCPG National Plant Collection: 262 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom:
orientale ‘Black and White’. GAP Photos: ‘Red Velvet’; D Rose: Achillea millefolium Chrysanthemum ‘Mrs Jessie Cooper’, Helleborus argutifolius ‘Silver Lace’;
J S Sira: Filipendula purpurea. Garden ‘Kelwayi’; L Thomas: Achillea ‘Terracotta’. Chrysanthemum ‘Paul Boissier’, Martin Hughes-Jones: Euphorbia
World Images: M Hughes-Jones: Getty: Martin Page: Achillea filipendulina Chrysanthemum ‘Rumpelstilzchen’. amygdaloides var. robbiae. Garden
Papaver orientale ‘Karine’; MAP/A Descat: ‘Parker’s Variety’ 248 Alamy: Steffen Photoshot: Photos Horticultural: World Images: F Davis: Helleborus
Papaver ‘Patty’s Plum’; L Thomas: Papaver Hauser/botanikfoto: Helenium Chrysanthemum ‘Anastasia’. Royal argutifolius ‘Pacific Frost’. Photolibrary:
‘Medallion’. Marianne Majerus Garden ‘Feuersiegel’; Martin Hughes-Jones: Horticultural Society (RHS): Ali Howard Rice: Valeriana phu ‘Aurea’
Images: Marianne Majerus, Bankton Helenium ‘Potter’s Wheel’; Leonie Cundy: Chrysanthemum ‘Carmine Blush’ 263 Alamy: The Garden Picture Library:
Cottage, Sussex: Geranium palmatum. Lambert: Lobelia cardinalis ‘Queen 254 GAP Photos: FhF Greenmedia: Doronicum orientale ‘Magnificum’.
Photolibrary: Chris Burrows/GPL: Victoria’, Lobelia cardinalis ‘Queen Kniphofia ‘Atlanta’. Garden World Garden World Images: Epimedium
Papaver orientale ‘Choir Boy’; John Victoria’. Garden World Images: G. Images: Kniphofia ‘Green Jade’, ‘Amber Queen’, Leucanthemum x
Glover: Papaver orientale ‘Turkish Delacroix: Helenium ‘Waltraut’; G Harper: Kniphofia ‘Prince Igor’, Kniphofia ‘Royal superbum ‘Esther Read’; N R Colborn:
Delight’; Hermant Jariwala/GPL: Papaver Helenium ‘Indianersommer’; M Hughes- Standard’, Kniphofia ‘Toffee Nosed’, Epimedium ‘Amber Queen’
orientale var. bracteatum 239 Alamy: Jones: Helenium ‘Double Trouble’, Kniphofia ‘Wrexham Buttercup’, 264 Photolibrary: Joshua McCullough:
blickwinkel: Linaria triornithophora, Helenium ‘Red Army’, Helenium Kniphofia caulescens, Kniphofia thomsonii Deinanthe bifida. Photos Horticultural:
Linaria triornithophora; WILDLIFE ‘Rubinzwerg’. Photolibrary: Neil var. snowdenii; G Delacroix: Kniphofia Diplarrhena moraea 265 Eric Crichton
GmbH: Monarda fistulosa, Monarda Holmes: Helenium ‘Butterpat’ 249 Alamy: ‘Royal Standard’; D Gould: Kniphofia Photos: Osteospermum jucundum.
fistulosa 240 Alamy: Shorelark Nigel John Martin: Aster ‘Photograph’. Garden ‘Prince Igor’; M Hughes-Jones: Kniphofia Photolibrary: Rex Butcher: Dactylorhiza
Downer: Eryngium alpinum. GAP World Images: G. Delacroix: Aster ‘Wrexham Buttercup’; MAP/N Pasquel: foliosa. Science Photo Library (SPL):
Photos: Mark Bolton: Nepeta ‘Six Hills x frikartii ‘Wunder von Stäfa’; MAP/A Kniphofia ‘Green Jade’; T Sandell: A-Z Botanical Collection: Lychnis viscaria
Giant’. Garden World Images: Descat: Aster novae-angliae ‘Rosa Sieger’; Kniphofia ‘Toffee Nosed’. Getty: Martin ‘Splendens Plena’ 266 Alamy: The
Agapanthus inapertus subsp. pendulus T Sims: Aster novi-belgii ‘Carnival’. Page: Kniphofia ‘Wrexham Buttercup’. Garden Picture Library: Dianthus
‘Graskop’, Phlox paniculata ‘Windsor’; GardenPhotos.com: Graham Rice: Photolibrary: Chris Burrows/GPL: ‘Inchmery’. Garden World Images:
Martin Hughes-Jones: Agapanthus Aster ‘Sunhelene’. Getty: Rob Kniphofia ‘Bees’ Sunset’; Howard Rice/ T Sims: Dianthus ‘Cranmere Pool’; L
inapertus subsp. pendulus ‘Graskop’. Whitworth: Aster novi-belgii ‘Chequers’. GPL: Kniphofia rooperi 255 Alamy: Thomas: Dianthus ‘Devon Dove’, Dianthus
John Glover: Phlox paniculata ‘Hampton Photolibrary: Mark Bolton: Aster ‘Little Steffen Hauser/botanikfoto: Convallaria CANDY FLOSS, Dianthus LADY
Court’. Science Photo Library (SPL): Carlow’, Aster novae-angliae ‘Violetta’; majalis. Garden World Images: MADONNA. GardenPhotos.com:
A-Z Botanical Collection: Phlox paniculata Sunniva Harte: Aster ‘Coombe Fishacre’; Sinopodophyllum hexandrum. Marianne Graham Rice: Dianthus ‘Brilliant Star’,
‘Amethyst’ 241 Alamy: Holmes Garden Stephen Henderson: Aster divaricatus Majerus Garden Images: Marianne Dianthus ‘Evening Star’. Royal
Photos: Campanula persicifolia ‘Chettle 250 Alamy: Carole Drake: Salvia Majerus: Helleborus x ericsmithii ‘Bob’s Horticultural Society (RHS): Sue
Charm’; imagebroker: Echinops glutinosa. GAP Photos: Richard Bloom: Best’ 256 Alamy: GardenPhotos.com: Drew: Dianthus ‘Coquette’, Dianthus
bannaticus ‘Taplow Blue’. GAP Photos: Salvia nemorosa ‘Ostfriesland’; Jonathan Cypripedium Ulla Silkens gx; Martin ‘Milky Way’ 267 Alamy: Christopher
Jonathan Buckley: Agapanthus ‘Purple Buckley: Salvia guaranitica ‘Black and Hughes-Jones: Geranium macrorrhizum Burrows: Dianthus superbus ‘Crimsonia’;
Cloud’; Clive Nichols: Agapanthus Blue’; Heather Edwards: Salvia patens; ‘Ingwersen’s Variety’. GAP Photos: Glenn Harper: Dianthus ‘Neon Star’.
‘Northern Star’. Garden World Images: John Glover: Salvia verticillata ‘Purple FhF Greenmedia: Helleborus x ericsmithii Allwoods Nursery: Dianthus ‘Tayside
G Delacroix: Campanula takesimana; Rain’; Marcus Harpur: Salvia nemorosa IVORY PRINCE; Andrea Jones: Red’. Garden World Images: Dianthus
M Hughes-Jones: Campanula lactiflora ‘Lubecca’; Neil Holmes: Salvia x sylvestris Chrysosplenium macrophyllum; Gerald ‘Devon Wizard’, Dianthus ‘Fusilier’,
‘Prichard’s Variety’; P Smith: Campanula ‘Blauhügel’. Garden World Images: Majumdar: Geranium macrorrhizum Dianthus ‘Lily the Pink’, Dianthus ‘Monica
punctata ‘Cherry Bells’; L Thomas: Gilles Delacroix: Salvia argentea, Salvia ‘Ingwersen’s Variety’. Marianne Wyatt’, Dianthus ‘Moulin Rouge’,
Campanula trachelium ‘Bernice’; Lee nemorosa ‘Caradonna’, Salvia pratensis Majerus Garden Images: Marianne Dianthus ‘Passion’, Dianthus ‘Pixie Star’,
Thomas: Aconitum ‘Stainless Steel’ ‘Indigo’, Salvia pratensis ‘Swan Lake’; Majerus/Emile Becker: Helleborus Dianthus ‘Rose de Mai’, Dianthus ‘Tickled
242 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones: Salvia pratensis thibetanus. Photolibrary: Clive Nichols: Pink’, Dianthus ‘Valda Wyatt’, Dianthus
Astelia chathamica. GAP Photos: ‘Pink Delight’. Marianne Majerus Bergenia ‘Beethoven’ 257 Alamy: John FEUREHEXE, Dianthus STARLIGHT;
Jonathan Buckley: Astelia chathamica. Garden Images: Marianne Majerus: Glover: Primula ‘Guinevere’, Primula R Coates: Dianthus ‘Monica Wyatt’;
Garden World Images: Gilles Salvia nemorosa ‘Amethyst’. Photolibrary: ‘Woodland Walk’; June Green: Primula G Delacroix: G Harper: Dianthus ‘Moulin
Delacroix: Artemisia ‘Powis Castle’. Ron Evans: Salvia x sylvestris ‘Mainacht’ Husky Series [white]. GAP Photos: Rouge’; T Sims: Dianthus ‘Rose de Mai’;
Marianne Majerus Garden Images: 251 Alamy: blickwinkel: Rudbeckia J S Sira: Primula sieboldii ‘Geisha Girl’. L Thomas: Dianthus ‘Fusilier’, Dianthus
Marianne Majerus, The Old Vicarage, fulgida var. speciosa; Organica: Rudbeckia Garden World Images: Primula ‘Dawn ‘Lily the Pink’, Dianthus ‘Passion’,
East Ruston: Mathiasella bupleuroides triloba; The Garden Picture Library: Ansell’, Primula ‘Lady Greer’, Primula Dianthus ‘Pixie Star’, Dianthus ‘Tickled
‘Green Dream’ 243 GAP Photos: Flora Rudbeckia occidentalis ‘Green Wizard’. vialii; T Sims: Primula ‘Lady Greer’; Pink’, Dianthus ‘Valda Wyatt’,
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS GardenPhotos.com: Graham Rice: [single, white with spots]. Getty: Richard Panicum virgatum ‘Northwind’. The ‘Rosie O’Day’, Schizanthus ‘Dwarf
Dianthus ‘India Star’. Marianne Bloom: Helleborus x hybridus [double, Garden Collection: Andrew Lawson: Bouquet’ [mixed]. Unwins Seeds Ltd:
742 Majerus Garden Images: Marianne slate]; Jonathan Buckley: Helleborus Phyllostachys vivax f. aureocaulis Iberis umbellata Fairy Series 305 Andrew
Majerus: Dianthus ‘Queen of Sheba’. x hybridus Ashwood Garden hybrids 290 Alamy: Debbie Monique Jolliff: Lawson Photography: Clarkia amoena
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): [double, black]; Dave Zubraski: Helleborus Athyrium niponicum var. pictum ‘Sybil Sherwood’. Garden World
Sue Drew: Dianthus ‘Prado Mint’ x hybridus [single, yellow with spots]. ‘Burgandy Lace’. Garden World Images: Nicotiana x sanderae Saratoga
268 Alamy: Christopher Burrows: Marianne Majerus Garden Images: Images: Lee Thomas: Athyrium ‘Ghost’ Series [deep rose] 306 Andrew Lawson
Potentilla ‘Arc-en-ciel’; CuboImages srl: Marianne Majerus/The Old Rectory, 292 Eric Crichton Photos: Adiantum Photography: T Chugg: Zinnia elegans
Stachys officinalis ‘Hummelo’. Bleddyn Sudborough: Helleborus x hybridus venustum. Garden World Images: Lee Dreamland Series [scarlet]. GAP Photos:
Wynn Jones: Crusea coccinea. [single, yellow]. Peter Stiles Thomas: Polystichum tsussimense. The Rob Whitworth: Antirrhinum majus
Photolibrary: Richard Bloom: Geum Photography: Helleborus x hybridus Garden Collection: Andrew Lawson: ‘Black Prince’. Garden World Images:
‘Bell Bank’. Photoshot: Photos [single, red]. Photolibrary: Clive Nichols Blechnum chilense 293 Alamy: Dave G Delacroix: Calibrachoa Million Bells
Horticultural: Coreopsis ‘Limerock Ruby’ /GPL: Helleborus x hybridus Harvington Gowan: Polystichum munitum; John Series MILLION BELLS CHERRY PINK;
269 GAP Photos: Jonathan Buckley: hybrids [double, apricot]; Garden Pix Ltd/ Swithinbank: Dryopteris erythrosora. Simon Keeble: Brassica Northern Lights
Berkheya purpurea. Garden World GPL: Helleborus x hybridus Ashwood The Garden Collection: Torie Chugg: Series; Richard Shiell: Catharanthus
Images: Tony Schilling: Ourisia coccinea Garden hybrids [double, pink]; Anne Polypodium cambricum ‘Richard Kayse’ roseus Cobra Series ‘Cobra Burgundy’;
270 Alamy: Hillhead: Geranium Green-Armytage/GPL: Helleborus 294-295 GAP Photos: Elke Borkowski. L Thomas: Cuphea x purpurea
‘Johnson’s Blue’ 271 Alamy: CuboImages x hybridus [double, white]; Howard Rice: 295 GAP Photos: Lee Avison (ftr); John ‘Firecracker’, Dahlia HAPPY SINGLE
srl: Geranium ROZANNE; Martin Helleborus x hybridus [single, green]; Glover (ftl); Sharon Pearson (tl); Dave ROMEO; Thompson & Morgan:
Hughes-Jones: Amsonia orientalis. Howard Rice/GPL: Helleborus x hybridus Zubraski (tr). 296 GAP Photos: Charles Cosmos atrosanguineus CHOCAMOCHA
Garden World Images: Myosotidium [double, plum]. The Garden Collection: Hawes (t); Martin Hughes-Jones (b). 307 Garden World Images: Eric
hortensia 272 Alamy: Ros Drinkwater: Nicola Stocken Tomkins: Helleborus 298 Garden World Images: Anthony Crichton: Nemesia strumosa Carnival
Hosta ‘Invincible’; Holmes Garden x hybridus [double, white with spots] Baggett: Dahlia Gallery Series ‘Gallery Series; Dan Sams: Impatiens Expo Series
Photos: Hosta ‘June’. GAP Photos: Dave 282 GAP Photos: BBC Magazines Ltd: Art Fair’; Dr Alan Beaumont: Dahlia ‘Expo Pink’; Richard Shiell: Glandularia
Bevan: Hosta ‘Gold Edger’; Clive Nichols: Heuchera ‘Black Beauty’; Jonathan Gallery Series ‘Gallery Art Fair’; x hybrida Corsage Series ‘Corsage Red’;
Hosta ‘Night Before Christmas’. Garden Buckley: Heuchera ‘Silver Scrolls’; Lynn G Delacroix: Euphorbia hypericifolia Trevor Sims: Tropaeolum majus ‘Hermine
World Images: L Thomas: Hosta Keddie: Heuchera ‘Peppermint Spice’; DIAMOND FROST, Lobularia maritima Grashoff’. Photolibrary: J S Sira: Zinnia
‘Minuteman’. GardenPhotos.com: Visions Premium: Heuchera ‘Ginger Ale’; ‘Snow Crystals’, Sutera cordata x marylandica Profusion Series ‘Profusion
judywhite: Hosta ‘Cherry Berry’ Rob Whitworth: Heuchera ‘Ebony and Snowstorm Series GIANT SNOWFLAKE; Cherry’. Thompson & Morgan:
273 GAP Photos: Howard Rice: Hosta Ivory’, Heuchera ‘Southern Comfort’. Gilles Delacroix: Euphorbia hypericifolia Impatiens walleriana MASQUERADE
‘Brim Cup’; Jo Whitworth: Hosta lancifolia. Garden World Images: Rita Coates: DIAMOND FROST, Lobularia maritima 308 Garden World Images: Salvia
Garden World Images: G Delacroix: Heuchera ‘Midnight Rose’; G Delacroix: ‘Snow Crystals’, Sutera cordata splendens Vista Series [red], Tagetes
Hosta ‘Fragrant Bouquet ’; Ellen McKnight: Heuchera ‘Purple Petticoats’, Heuchera Snowstorm Series GIANT SNOWFLAKE; ‘Cinnabar’. Photoshot: Alonsoa
Hosta ‘Sagae’. Photoshot: Photos sanguinea var. pulchra ‘Snow Storm’, R Shiell: Zinnia x marylandica Zahara warscewiczii. Unwins Seeds Ltd:
Horticultural: Hosta ‘Hydon Sunset’, Heucherella tiarelloides ‘Stoplight’; Series ‘Zahara Starlight Rose’; Richard Petunia ‘Mirage Velvet’ 309 Chris
Hosta ‘Remember Me’, Hosta ‘Revolution’. G. Delacroix: Heuchera ‘Lime Rickey’; Shiell: Zinnia x marylandica Zahara Series Burrows: Pelargonium Horizon Deva
The Garden Collection: Torie Chugg: Richard Shiell: Heuchera ‘Amber Waves’; ‘Zahara Starlight Rose’ 299 Garden Series ‘Horizon Deva Raspberry Ripple’.
Hosta ‘Tattoo’ 274 Alamy: John Glover: L Thomas: Heuchera ‘Beauty Colour’, World Images: Euphorbia marginata, GAP Photos: Friedrich Strauss:
Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’, Mentha Heuchera ‘Blackbird’, Heuchera ‘Can-can’, Eustoma grandiflorum, Nicotiana x Pelargonium Antik Series ANTIK
suaveolens ‘Variegata’. GAP Photos: Neil Heuchera ‘Georgia Peach’, Heuchera sanderae ‘Saratoga Series’ [white] SALMON; Graham Strong: Pelargonium
Holmes: Artemisia ludoviciana ‘Valerie ‘Green Spice’, Heuchera ‘Peach Flambé’, 300 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones: Maverick Series ‘Maverick Star’. Garden
Finnis’. Garden World Images: Hosta Heuchera ‘Tiramisu’, Heuchera CRÈME Argyranthemum ‘Summer Melody’. World Images: R Coates: Pelargonium
tokudama f. aureonebulosa 275 Alamy: BRÛLÉE, Heucherella tiarelloides Garden World Images: Catharanthus Regalia Series ‘Regalia Chocolate’;
blickwinkel: Alchemilla conjuncta. ‘Kimono’; D Wildridge: Heuchera ‘Pewter roseus Boa Series ‘Boa Peach’, Martynia J Spears: Pelargonium BLUE WONDER;
Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Stachys Moon’. GardenPhotos.com: Graham annua; R Shiell: Calibrachoa Caberet L Thomas: Pelargonium Bulls Eye Series
byzantina ‘Primrose Heron’, Stachys Rice: Heuchera ‘Cinnabar Silver’. Getty: Series LIGHT PINK, Catharanthus roseus ‘Bulls Eye Salmon’, Pelargonium
byzantina ‘Primrose Heron’. Rosemary Jo Whitworth: Heuchera ‘Chocolate Boa Series ‘Boa Peach’; Richard Shiell: Fireworks Series FIREWORKS
Kautzky: photographersdirect.com: Ruffles’ 283 Alamy: John Glover: Calibrachoa Calibrachoa Caberet Series SCARLET. Photolibrary: Chris
Calanthe striata 276 Alamy: Holmes Helleborus foetidus Wester Flisk Group. LIGHT PINK, Catharanthus roseus Boa Burrows/GPL: Pelargonium Decora Series
Garden Photos: Tropaeolum polyphyllum GAP Photos: Geoff Kidd: Ophiopogon Series ‘Boa Peach’. Photolibrary: Chris ‘Decora Dark Pink’, Pelargonium Horizon
277 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: japonicus; Howard Rice: Helleborus Burrows: Brachyscome ‘Strawberry Deva Series ‘Horizon Deva Orange Ice’;
Hieracium lanatum. GAP Photos: odorus; J S Sira: Helleborus cyclophyllus. Mousse’; Chris Burrows/GPL: Andrew Lord/GPL: Pelargonium ‘Evka’
Visions: Gaillardia ‘Oranges and Lemons’. Garden World Images: Gilles Brachyscome ‘Strawberry Mousse’ 310 Alamy: WILDLIFE GmbH:
Garden World Images: Richard Shiell: Delacroix: Dianella caerulea CASSA 301 Garden World Images: Heliotropium arborescens. Garden
Libertia ixioides ‘Goldfinger’ 278 Alamy: BLUE. Marianne Majerus Garden N R Colborn: Diascia LITTLE DANCER; World Images: MAP/N Pasquel:
The Garden Picture Library: Astrantia Images: Marianne Majerus/Harveys G Delacroix: Lantana camara Lucky Series Solenostemon scutellarioides Kong Series
maxima. GAP Photos: J S Sira: Astrantia Garden Plants: Helleborus x sternii LUCKY HONEY BLUSH; Trevor Sims: ‘Kong Scarlet’; 311 GAP Photos:
major ‘Roma’. John Fielding: Begonia ‘Boughton Beauty’ 284 GAP Photos: Lathyrus odoratus Cupid Series ‘Cupid Christina Bollen: Lobelia erinus Waterfall
taliensis. Marianne Majerus Garden Mark Bolton: Cortaderia richardii. Pink’; L Thomas: Nemesia AMELIE, Series ‘Waterfall Light Lavender’; J S Sira:
Images: Marianne Majerus: Begonia Garden World Images: Gilles Osteospermum Sunny Series ‘Sunny Petunia Petunia Surfinia Series
grandis subsp. evansiana 279 GAP Delacroix: Calamagrostis brachytricha Marina’. The Garden Collection: Liz SURFINIA BLUE VEIN, Solenostemon
Photos: Paul Debois: Sedum telephium 285 Alamy: The Garden Picture Library: Eddison: Gaura lindheimeri ‘Rosyjane’ scutellarioides ‘Inky Fingers’. Garden
‘Strawberries and Cream’. Garden Miscanthus sinensis ‘Yakushima Dwarf’. 302 Garden World Images: Fuchsia World Images: G Delacroix: Ipomoea
World Images: N Appleby: Sedum GAP Photos: Adrian Bloom: Miscanthus ‘Dollar Prinzessin’, Fuchsia ‘Nellie batatas ‘Blackie’, Osteospermum Cape
‘Matrona’; L Every: Sedum telephium sinensis var. condensatus ‘Cosmopolitan’; Nuttall’, Fuchsia ‘Sunray’, Fuchsia Daisy Series NASINGA PURPLE,
‘Purple Emperor’; D Gould: Sedum Ron Evans: Chionochloa rubra; Jo triphylla ‘Firecracker’, Fuchsia Windchimes Solenostemon ‘Chocolate Mint’; Steffen
spectabile ‘Iceberg’; G Harper: Sedum Whitworth, location: Knoll Gardens: Series ‘Windchimes Pink and White’; Hauser: Pennisetum glaucum ‘Purple
telephium ‘Gooseberry Fool’; L Thomas: Eragrostis curvula ‘Totnes Burgandy’. G. Delacroix: Fuchsia Windchimes Series Majesty’; T Sims: Dahlia HAPPY SINGLE
Sedum erythrostictum ‘Mediovariegatum’. Garden World Images: Martin Hughes- ‘Windchimes Pink and White’; MAP/N WINK; L Thomas: Angelonia angustifolia
Marianne Majerus Garden Images: Jones: Molinia caerulea subsp. caerulea Pasquel: Fuchsia triphylla ‘Firecracker’; AngelMist Series ‘AngelMist Lavender
Marianne Majerus: Sedum ‘Red Cauli’. ‘Heidebraut’. Photolibrary: Jerry Pavia: P Smith: Fuchsia ‘Sunray’. Marianne Stripe’, Petunia Tumbelina Series
Photolibrary: Mark Bolton: Sedum Elegia capensis 286 GAP Photos: Carole Majerus Garden Images: Simon PRISCILLA. Photolibrary: Photos
‘Ruby Glow’ 280 Alamy: John Glover: Drake, courtesy The Sir Harold Hillier Meaker: Fuchsia California Dreamers Lamontagne/GPL: Alternanthera dentata
Heuchera ‘Plum Pudding’, Heuchera Gardens/Hampshire County Council: Series ‘Snowburner’. Young Plants ‘Purple Knight’. The Garden Collection:
‘Plum Pudding’. GAP Photos: Martin Thamnocalamus crassinodus ‘Kew Limited: Fuchsia ‘Joanna Lumley’, Liz Eddison: Strobilanthes dyerinanus
Hughes-Jones: Agastache ‘Black Adder’, Beauty’. GardenPhotos.com: judywhite: Fuchsia Mojo ‘Beebop’, Fuchsia 312 GAP Photos: Friedrich Strauss:
Geranium ‘Orion’. Garden World Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’. Getty: Shadowdancer PEGGY; Proven Winners: Viola x wittrockiana Sorbet Series ‘Sorbet
Images: Bergenia purpurascens, Richard Bloom: Miscanthus sinensis Chris Wright Photography: Fuchsia Black Delight’. Garden Picture Library:
Tulbaghia violacea; Gilles Delacroix: ‘Flamingo’; Rob Whitworth: Stipa ‘Joanna Lumley’ 303 GAP Photos: Geoff Cerinthe major ‘Purpurascens’. Garden
Bergenia purpurascens 281 GAP Photos: calamagrostis. Photolibrary: Stephen Kidd: Primula Belarina Series BELARINA World Images: Nierembergia linariifolia
FhF Greenmedia: Helleborus niger ‘HGC Henderson: Molinia caerulea subsp. PINK ICE. Garden World Images: ‘Purple Robe’, Gilles Delacroix:
Joseph Lemper’; John Glover: Helleborus x arundinacea ‘Transparent’ 287 Alamy: MAP/N Pasquel: Antirrhinum Luminaire Glandularia x hybrida Aztec Magic Series
hybridus Harvington hybrids [single, Holmes Garden Photos: Chimonobambusa Series LUMINAIRE HOT PINK; MAP/ AZTEC SILVER MAGIC, Pennisetum
white]; Marcus Harpur: Helleborus x timidissinoda. GAP Photos: Howard Nathalie Pasquel: Antirrhinum Luminaire setaceum ‘Rubrum’. Suttons Seeds:
hybridus Bradfield hybrids [double, Rice: Ampelodesmos mauritanica Series LUMINAIRE HOT PINK; R Shiell: Viola x wittrockiana Imperial Series
apricot with spots]; Howard Rice: 288 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: Petchoa Supercal Series SUPERCAL ‘Imperial Frosty Rose’ 313 GAP Photos:
Helleborus x hybridus [single, apricot]. Yushania anceps ‘Pitt White’. GAP NEON ROSE; Lee Thomas: Glandularia x Marcus Harpur: Myosotis Sylva Series.
Garden World Images: L Thomas: Photos: BBC Magazines Ltd: hybrida Aztec Magic Series AZTEC Garden World Images: Campanula
Helleborus niger ‘Potter’s Wheel’, Phyllostachys aurea. Photoshot: Photos DARK PINK MAGIC. Unwins Seeds medium ‘Bells of Holland’, Salvia sclarea
Helleborus x nigercors. GardenPhotos. Horticultural: Luzula sylvatica ‘Hohe Ltd: Gomphrena globosa 304 Garden var. turkestanica , Trachelium caeruleum,
com: Graham Rice: Helleborus x hybridus Tatra’ 289 Photolibrary: Adrian Bloom: World Images: Lobularia maritima Gilles Delacroix: Viola x wittrockiana
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Ultima Radiance Series [deep blue]; f. album, Jeffersonia diphylla 334 Alpine Gentiana sino-ornata; Jenny Lilly: GPL: Lilium TRIUMPHATOR Lilium ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Trevor Sims: Salvia sclarea var. Garden Society: Aquilegia alpina, Gentiana ‘Soutra’; Lee Thomas: Gentiana TRIUMPHATOR. Science Photo
turkestanica. Thompson & Morgan: Daphne x hendersonii ‘Blackthorn Rose’, ‘Blue Silk’. Marianne Majerus Garden Library (SPL): Ian Gowland: Lilium 743
Isotoma Avant-Garde Series 314 Alamy: Phyllodoce empetriformis. Garden Images: Marianne Majerus: Gentiana ‘Lady Alice’. The Garden Collection:
Anna Yu: Salvia farinacea ‘Strata’. World Images: Omphalodes verna. ‘Ettrick’, Gentiana ‘Eugen’s Allerbester’. Derek Harris: Lilium ‘Nymph’
Garden World Images: Lee Thomas: Photolibrary: Harald Lange: Pulsatilla Muriel Hodgeman: Eritrichium nanum. 389 Alamy: Chris Burrows/GPL: Lilium
Lobelia erinus Waterfall Series ‘Waterfall halleri 335 Eric Crichton Photos: Photolibrary: Sunniva Harte: cernuum; Brian Hoffman: Lilium ‘Elodie’;
Blue’, Pericallis Senetti Series SENETTI Aurinia saxatilis ‘Variegata’. Garden Parochetus communis. The Garden The Garden Picture Library: Lilium
BLUE BICOLOR 315 Alpine Garden World Images: Chiastophyllum Collection: Jonathan Buckley: Gentiana cernuum. Andrew Lawson
Society: Cynoglossum amabile oppositifolium. Photolibrary: Howard ‘Strathmore’ 371 Garden World Photography: Lilium lankongense.
‘Firmament’. Garden World Images: Rice: Corydalis cheilanthifolia 336 Images: Dave Bevan: Gunnera GAP Photos: Paul Debois: Lilium ‘Tiger
Commelina coelestis, Myosotis sylvatica Alamy: AP: Armeria pseudarmeria magellanica 373 Eric Crichton Photos: Woods’; Clive Nichols: Lilium ‘Miss Lucy’;
‘Blue Ball’ 316 Alamy: Christopher 337 Clive Nichols: Saxifraga callosa. Gaultheria procumbens. Garden World Visions: Lilium ‘Star Fighter’, Lilium
Burrows: Petunia Surfinia Series Garden World Images: Hebe vernicosa; Images: Hippocrepis comosa, Nertera ‘Sweet Lord’. Garden World Images: G.
SURFINIA LIME. Garden World Derek Gould: Diascia ICE CRACKER granadensis 375 Alamy: Steffen Hauser/ Delacroix: Lilium ‘Tom Pouce’; N Johnson:
Images: Gilles Delacroix: Zinnia elegans 338 Garden World Images: botanikfoto: Paronychia kapela subsp. Lilium ‘Netty’s Pride’. GardenPhotos.
‘Envy’ 317 Alamy: WILDLIFE GmbH: Rhodothamnus chamaecistus. The serpyllifolia; Organica: Arabis procurrens com: Graham Rice: Lilium ‘Sumatra’.
Begonia x tuberhybrida Mocha Series Garden Collection: Torie Chugg: Oxalis ‘Variegata’. Garden World Images: Jerry Harpur: Cherry Williams: Lilium
[Scarlet]. Garden World Images: tetraphylla 339 Alpine Garden Society: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ‘Point Reyes’ ‘Rosita’. Photolibrary: Sarah Cuttle/
G. Delacroix: Begonia ‘Dragon Wing Red’, Dianthus carthusianorum. Garden World 376 Alpine Garden Society: GPL: Lilium ‘Black Out’ 390 Andrew
Begonia ‘Ikon White Blush’; R Shiell: Images: Martin Hughes-Jones: Crassula Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 377 Fernwood Lawson Photography: Lilium regale
Begonia Illumination Series ‘Illumination sarcocaulis 340 The Garden Collection: Nursery: Sempervivum ‘Blood Tip’, ‘Royal Gold’, Lilium rosthornii. Garden
Salmon Pink’, Begonia x tuberhybrida Non Andrew Lawson: Origanum laevigatum Sempervivum ‘Gallivarda’, Sempervivum Library: Lilium ‘Roma’. Garden World
Stop Series [White]. The Garden 342 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones: ‘Gulle Dame’, Sempervivum ‘Kappa’, Images: Lilium ‘Bright Star’, G Delacroix:
Collection: Liz Eddison: Begonia Phyteuma scheuchzeri. Alpine Garden Sempervivum ‘Rosie’, Sempervivum Lilium ‘Conca d'Or’; Floramedia: Lilium
boliviensis ‘Bonfire’ 318 Garden World Society: Lithodora oleifolia. Garden calcareum ‘Extra’. Photolibrary: Frederic ‘Boogie Woogie’; John Swithinbank:
Images: MAP/Nathalie Pasquel: Perilla World Images: Convolvulus sabatius Didillon: Sempervivum calcareum Lilium leichtlinii. Jerry Harpur: Lilium
‘Magilla Vanilla’; MAP/Nicole et Patrick 343 Eric Crichton Photos: Hypericum 378-379 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom. ‘Limelight’. Photolibrary: Richard
Mioulane: Ipomoea batatus ‘Margarita’. olympicum f. uniflorum ‘Citrinum’, 379 GAP Photos: Carole Drake (ftl); Bloom/GPL: Lilium Citronella Group
Photolibrary: Chris Burrows: Viola Lithodora diffusa ‘Heavenly Blue’ Dianna Jazwinski (tl); Clive Nichols (ftr). 391 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones:
‘Green Goddess’; Stephen Henderson: 345 Alamy: National Geographic Image 380 Corbis: Clive Nichols (bl). GAP Lilium African Queen Group. Andrew
Setaria macrostachya 319 Eric Crichton Collection: Ononis natrix. Eric Crichton Photos: (fcla); FhF Greenmedia (fcl); Lawson Photography: Lilium ‘Crimson
Photos: Argyranthemum ‘Jamaica Photos: Helianthemum ‘Ben More’ Virginia Grey (cl); Geoff Kidd (cla). Getty Pixie’, Lilium ‘Karen North’, Lilium
Primrose’. Garden World Images: 346 Alamy: Steffen Hauser/botanikfoto: Images: Wally Eberhart (bl/tuber). pomponium. GAP Photos: Graham
Brugmansia x candida ‘Grand Marnier’, Ceratostigma plumbaginoides. Garden Marianne Majerus Garden Images: Strong: Lilium ‘Orange Electric’. Garden
Gilles Delacroix: Antirrhinum majus World Images: Gaultheria cuneata, Marianne Majerus, Goodnestone Park Library: Lilium ‘Gran Paradiso’, Lilium
Liberty Classic Series ‘Liberty Yellow’; Ranunculus calandrinioides. Gardens (br). 382 Alamy: MBP-Plants: ‘Red Carpet’. Picturesmiths Ltd.: Lilium
Lee Thomas: Duranta erecta ‘Gold Edge’. Photolibrary: DEA: Sorbus reducta Fritillaria imperialis ‘Lutea’. Eric ‘Grand Cru’ 392 GAP Photos: Clive
Photolibrary: Photos Lamontagne/GPL: 347 Alpine Garden Society: Androsace Crichton Photos: Fritillaria persica. Nichols: Allium atropurpureum; Clive
Argyranthemum BUTTERFLY, Bidens vandellii. Garden World Images: Hebe GAP Photos: Sabina Ruber: Fritillaria Nichols, Design: Angel Collins: Allium
‘Gold Star’ 320 GAP Photos: Friedrich cupressoides ‘Boughton Dome’ persica ‘Ivory Bells’. Getty: Ron Evans: ‘Gladiator’. Photolibrary: Suzie Gibbons:
Strauss: Nemesia Sunsatia Series 348 Photolibrary: Rex Butcher: Allium aflatunense. Photolibrary: Chris Allium ‘Globemaster’ 393 Garden World
SUNSATIA MANGO. Garden World Weldenia candida 349 Garden World Burrows: Ornithogalum magnum Images: Lilium Golden Splendor Group
Images: Antirrhinum majus Chimes Images: Gilles Delacroix: Leptinella 383 Alamy: Michel Foret: Fritillaria 394 Alamy: John Henwood: Canna
Series [yellow]. Photolibrary: Photos atrata subsp. luteola 350 Alpine Garden recurva; Jacky Parker: Gladiolus murielae ‘Brillant’. GAP Photos: Richard Bloom:
Lamontagne/GPL: xerochrysum Society: Paraquilegia anemonoides 384 Alamy: CuboImages srl: Gladiolus Canna ‘Lucifer’, Canna ‘Lucifer’; Sarah
bracteatum Sundaze Series SUNDAZE 351 Garden World Images: Daphne ‘Wine and Roses’. GAP Photos: John Cuttle: Canna ‘Richard Wallace’; Neil
GOLD. Thompson & Morgan: arbuscula, Epigaea gaultherioides Glover: Gladiolus ‘White Prosperity’; Holmes: Canna ‘Picasso’. Garden World
Rudbeckia hirta ‘Toto Gold’ 321 Photos 352 Garden World Images: Arabis Martin Hughes-Jones: Gladiolus Images: Anthony Baggett: Canna ‘Louis
Horticultural: Calendula officinalis alpina subsp. caucasica ‘Douler Angevine’, ‘Impressive’; Visions: Gladiolus ‘Blue Cottin’, Canna x ehemanii; Eric Crichton:
‘Daisy May’. Thompson & Morgan: Silene acaulis; Dave Bevan: Arabis alpina Frost’, Gladiolus ‘Columbine’, Gladiolus Canna ‘Striata’; G. Delacroix: Canna
Platystemon californicus 322 GAP subsp. caucasica ‘Douler Angevine’ ‘Her Majesty’, Gladiolus ‘Morning Gold’, ‘Ambassadour’. Marianne Majerus
Photos: Paul Debois: Mimulus Magic 354 Garden World Images: Lee Gladiolus ‘Nova Lux’, Gladiolus ‘Nymph’, Garden Images: Marianne Majerus:
Series ‘Magic Yellow Blotch’ 323 Alamy: Thomas: Aubrieta ‘Greencourt Purple’. Gladiolus ‘Oscar’, Gladiolus ‘Purple Flora’, Canna ‘Stuttgart’. Photolibrary: Mark
CuboImages srl: Gazania Daybreak Series Photos Horticultural: Soldanella villosa Gladiolus ‘Velvet Eyes’. Garden World Bolton: Canna ‘Durban’; Mark Bolton/
‘Daybreak Bright Yellow’. Garden World 355 Alpine Garden Society: Jancaea Images: Gladiolus ‘Green Woodpecker’. GPL: Canna ‘Durban’; David Cavagnaro:
Images: Trevor Sims: Carthamus heldreichii. Spectrum Photofile: Getty: Gerald Majumdar: Gladiolus Canna ‘Konigin Charlotte’, Canna
tinctorius. Photolibrary: Michael Davis: Aubrieta ‘Purple Charm’ 356 Alamy: ‘Stella’. Photoshot: Photos Horticultural: ‘Konigin Charlotte’. Reedy Meadow
Viola x wittrockiana Angel Series ‘Tiger blickwinkel: Mertensia maritima. Garden Gladiolus ‘Sancerre’ 385 Alamy: The Nursery: Canna ‘Wyoming’, Canna
Eye’; J S Sira: Lysimachia congestiflora World Images: Martin Hughes-Jones: National Trust Photolibrary: ‘Wyoming’ 395 Garden World Images:
‘Outback Sunset’ 324 Alamy: Kevin Viola cornuta ‘Minor’ 357 GAP Photos: Cardiocrinum giganteum. GAP Photos: Amaryllis belladonna ‘Hathor’, Canna
Wheal Commercial: Gazania Kiss Series Juliette Wade: Ranunculus ficaria Flore Carole Drake: Allium ‘Mount Everest’. iridiflora, Gladiolus papilio, Zantedeschia
‘Kiss Orange Flame’. Garden World Pleno Group. Garden World Images: Garden World Images: Watsonia ‘Cameo’; Liz Cole: Zantedeschia ‘Cameo’
Images: Erysimum x allionii ‘Orange Draba longisiliqua, Draba rigida, meriana; John Martin: Allium ‘Mount 396 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos:
Bedder’, Gilles Delacroix: Portulaca Saxifraga x elizabethae 358 Garden Everest’. Marianne Majerus Garden Dahlia ‘White Moonlight’. Aylett
Sundial Series ‘Mango’ 325 GAP World Images: Erysimum helveticum Images: Marianne Majerus, Rita Streitz: Nurseries: Dahlia ‘White Ballet’. GAP
Photos: Friedrich Strauss: Impatiens 359 Garden World Images: Viola Polianthes tuberosa ‘The Pearl’ Photos: Lucy Griffiths: Dahlia ‘Eveline’.
Sunpatiens Series SUNPATIENS aetolica 360 Alpine Garden Society: 386 Garden World Images: Notholirion Garden World Images: T Sandell:
COMPACT ORANGE. Garden World Lewisia rediviva [white form] 361 Eric campanulatum, Watsonia borbonica Dahlia ‘Café au Lait’. Peter Stiles
Images: Calendula officinalis Fiesta Crichton Photos: Carlina acaulis. 387 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos: Photography: Dahlia ‘B. J. Beauty’
Gitana Group, Richard Shiell: Impatiens Garden World Images: Alstroemeria Alstroemeria ‘Blushing Bride’. GAP 397 Alamy: John Maud: Dahlia ‘Tiptoe’.
Fusion Series FUSION PEACH FROST hookeri 362 Alpine Garden Society: Photos: Howard Rice: Alstroemeria GAP Photos: Jonathan Buckley: Dahlia
326 Garden World Images: Calendula Convolvulus althaeoides 363 Garden ‘Apollo’, Alstroemeria ‘Moulin Rouge’, ‘Bishop of Auckland’; Clive Nichols:
officinalis ‘Geisha Girl’, Coreopsis ‘Rum World Images: Dianthus pavonius Alstroemeria ‘Serenade’; Visions: Dahlia ‘Carolina Moon’; J S Sira: Dahlia
Punch’; Lee Thomas: Coreopsis ‘Rum 364 Alamy: Bob Gibbons: Pterocephalus Alstroemeria ‘Inca Ice’, Alstroemeria ‘Inca ‘Gerrie Hoek’; Visions: Dahlia ‘Karma
Punch’ 327 Eric Crichton Photos: perennis. Alpine Garden Society: Tropic’, Alstroemeria ‘Tara’. Garden Choc’, Dahlia ‘Natal’, Dahlia ‘Sorbet’;
Gaillardia pulchella ‘Lollipops’. Garden Dianthus alpinus. Eric Crichton Photos: World Images: G Harper: Alstroemeria Visions/Elburg Botanic Media: Dahlia
World Images: Solanum pseudocapsicum Dianthus ‘Annabelle’ 365 Alpine ‘Friendship’; J Lloyd: Alstroemeria ‘New Dimension’. GardenPhotos.com:
‘Red Giant’. Photolibrary: Photos Garden Society: Lewisia rediviva [pink psittacina; MAP/A Descat: Alstroemeria Graham Rice: Dahlia ‘Gallery Art
Lamontagne/GPL: Dahlia Dahlietta form] 367 Garden World Images: Viola aurea ‘Orange King’; L Thomas: Nouveau’. Photolibrary: Ron Evans:
Surprise Kelly. Plant Pictures World ‘Nellie Britton’ 368 Alamy: Brian & Alstroemeria PRINCESS ARIANE, Dahlia ‘Franz Kafka’; Michael Howes:
Wide: Eschscholzia californica Thai Silk Sophia Fuller: Pinguicula grandiflora. Alstroemeria PRINCESS JULIETA. Dahlia ‘Cornel’; Ellen Rooney: Dahlia
Series 328-329 GAP Photos: Christina Alpine Garden Society: Aquilegia Science Photo Library (SPL): Neil Joy: ‘Ruskin Charlotte’ 398 Alamy: RDE
Bollen. 329 GAP Photos: Lee Avison (tl). jonesii. Eric Crichton Photos: Alstroemeria ‘Red Beauty’. Viv Marsh: Flora: Dahlia ‘Ellen Huston’. Eric
330 GAP Photos: Elke Borkowski (r). Edraianthus pumilio 369 Eric Crichton Alstroemeria ‘Elvira’ 388 Alamy: Gig Crichton Photos: Dahlia ‘Comet’. GAP
332 Alamy: WILDLIFE GmbH: Pulsatilla Photos: Globularia cordifolia. GAP Binder: Lilium ‘White Heaven’. Andrew Photos: Graham Rice: Dahlia ‘Happy
alpina. GAP Photos: John Glover: Photos: Neil Holmes: Polygala calcarea Lawson Photography: Lilium ‘Arena’, Single First Love’. Garden World
Cassiope tetragona 333 Garden World ‘Lillet’. Garden World Images: Lilium ‘Sterling Star’. Garden World Images: T Jennings: Dahlia ‘Bishop
Images: Saxifraga ‘Tumbling Waters’. Cyananthus microphyllus, Townsendia Images: Lilium ‘Altari’, Lilium ‘Black of York’. P-Pod: Dahlia ‘Moonglow’.
Photolibrary: Mark Turner: Dodecatheon grandiflora 370 GAP Photos: Michael Magic’, Lilium ‘Olivia’; G Delacroix: Lilium Photolibrary: Richard Surman: Dahlia
hendersonii. The Garden Collection: Howes: Gentiana ‘Inverleith’, Gentiana ‘Altari’. Photolibrary: James Guilliam/ ‘Alva’s Supreme’ 399 Garden World
Andrew Lawson: Dodecatheon meadia ‘Shot Silk’. Garden World Images: Images: Pamianthe peruviana. Getty:
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Clive Nichols: Ornithogalum nutans. Chlidanthus fragrans 425 Garden World 462 Eric Crichton Photos: Passiflora Nola Carr, Sydney, Australia; Beth Chatto
Trecanna Nursery: Bellevalia romana Images: Cyclamen graecum 426 Garden quadrangularis. Garden Picture Gardens, Colchester, Essex; Chelsea
744 400 Alamy: John Glover: Tulipa ‘Shirley’. World Images: Colchicum autumnale, Library: Hardenbergia violacea ‘Happy Physic Garden, London; Colegrave Seeds,
Eric Crichton Photos: Tulipa ‘Purissima’. Cyclamen rohlfsianum 427 GAP Photos: Wanderer’. Garden World Images: Banbury, Oxon; County Park Nurseries,
GAP Photos: Visions: Tulipa ‘Esperanto’. Mark Bolton: Galanthus ‘Hill Poë’ Aristolochia littoralis 464 Garden World Hornchurch, Essex; Jill Cowley,
Garden World Images: Nathalie 428 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom: Images: Streptosolen jamesonii Chelmsford, Essex; Mrs Anne Dexter,
Pasquel: Tulipa ‘Albert Heijn’ 401 Alamy: Cyclamen coum Pewter Group ‘Maurice 465 Alamy: blickwinkel: Episcia Oxford; Edrom Nurseries, Coldingham,
West Country Images: Tulipa ‘Ballerina’. Dryden’. Garden World Images: dianthiflora. Photolibrary: Chris Berwicks; Dr Jack Elliott, Ashford, Kent;
GAP Photos: Clive Nichols: Tulipa ‘Abu Galanthus nivalis ‘Sandersii’. Getty: Burrows: Streptocarpus ‘Crystal Ice’ Joe Elliott, Broadwell, Glos; Erdigg
Hassan’; Visions: Tulipa ‘Black Hero’, Garden Picture/Photolibrary: Galanthus 467 Alamy: CuboImages srl: (National Trust), Clwyd, Wales; Fibrex
Tulipa ‘Negrita’ 403 Alamy: Organica: woronowii 429 Garden World Images: Paphiopedilum armeniacum. Garden Nurseries, Pebworth, Warwicks; Fisk’s
Ixiolirion tataricum. GAP Photos: Clive Lachenalia aloides ‘Nelsonii’, Lachenalia World Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat: Clematis Nursery, Westleton, Suffolk;
Nichols: Anemone coronaria De Caen aloides var. quadricolor 430-431 GAP Phragmipedium besseae. Photolibrary: Mr & Mrs Thomas Gibson, Westwell,
Group ‘Mister Fokker’; Visions: Photos: Fiona Lea. 431 GAP Photos: Paroli Galperti: Paphiopedilum Oxon; Glasgow Botanic Garden, Glasgow;
Hyacinthus orientalis ‘Blue Jacket’ Pernilla Bergdahl (tl); Jo Whitworth (tr); rothschildianum 469 GAP Photos: ‘Glazenwood’, Braintree, Essex.
404 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom: Mark Bolton (ftr); S&O (ftl). 432 GAP J S Sira: Tradescantia zebrina. Garden R. Harkness & Co. Ltd, Hitchin, Herts;
Narcissus ‘Fragrant Breeze’. Photoshot: Photos: (cra). 435 Garden World World Images: Achimenes ‘Little Harry Hay, Lower Kingswood, Surrey;
Photos Horticultural: Narcissus ‘Mount Images: Caltha leptosepala, Hottonia Beauty’ 470 Garden World Images: Hazeldene Nurseries, East Farleigh, Kent;
Hood’ 405 GAP Photos: Rob Whitworth: palustris. Science Photo Library (SPL): Russelia equisetiformis, Sinningia Hidcote Manor (National Trust), Chipping
Narcissus ‘Sir Winston Churchill’. Aponogeton distachyos, Stratiotes aloides ‘Switzerland’; Gilles Delacroix: Russelia Camden, Glos; Hillier Gardens and
Garden World Images: Martin Hughes- 436 GardenPhotos.com: judywhite: equisetiformis 471 Alamy: CuboImages Arboretum, Romsey, Hants; Hillier
Jones: Narcissus ‘Jenny’ 407 Alamy: Filipendula ulmaria 437 GAP Photos: srl: Episcia cupreata 472 Bleddyn Wynn Nurseries (Winchester) Ltd, Romsey,
CuboImages srl: Ferraria crispa. GAP Frederic Didillon: Rodgersia sambucifolia Jones: Peliosanthes arisanensis. Dibleys Hants; Holly Gate Cactus Nursery,
Photos: J S Sira: Triteleia ixioides 438 Corbis: Markus Botzek: Nelumbo Nurseries: Saintpaulia ‘Falling Ashington, Sussex; Hopleys Plants, Much
‘Starlight’ 408 Alamy: Hideo Kurihara: nucifera. Garden World Images: Raindrops’, Saintpaulia ‘Powder Keg’. Hadham, Herts; Huntingdon Botanical
Habenaria radiata. Eric Crichton G. Delacroix: Filipendula rubra; Garden World Images: Browallia Gardens, San Marino, California;
Photos: Ornithogalum thyrsoides. M Hughes-Jones: Cardamine pratensis speciosa 473 Alamy: Steffen Hauser/ W.E.Th. Ingwersen Ltd, East Grinstead,
Garden World Images: Ornithogalum Cardamine pratensis. Photoshot: Dave botanikfoto: Hemigraphis repanda. GAP Sussex; the late Clive Innes; Kelways
arabicum 409 Alamy: Christopher Watts: Cardamine raphanifolia Photos: Lynn Keddie: Streptocarpus Nurseries, Langport, Somerset; Kiftsgate
Burrows: Calochortus superbus; 439 GardenPhotos.com: judywhite: ‘Amanda’ 474 Photolibrary: Georgianna Court Gardens, Chipping Camden, Glos;
Plantography: Eucomis pallidiflora; The Geum coccineum, Lobelia cardinalis. Lane: Asparagus densiflorus 476 Garden Lechlade Fuchsia Centre, Lechlade, Glos;
Garden Picture Library: Tritonia disticha Getty: John & Barbara Gerlach: World Images: Impatiens repens The Living Desert, Palm Desert,
subsp. rubrolucens. GAP Photos: Sarracenia purpurea Sarracenia 477 Alamy: Christopher Burrows: California; Robin Loder, Leonardslee,
Jonathan Buckley: Allium schubertii. purpurea. Photolibrary: Claire Takacs: Roscoea scillifolia; Tim Gainey: Costus Sussex; Los Angeles State and County
The Garden Collection: Jonathan Iris fulva 440 Eric Crichton Photos: speciosus; Inga Spence: Curcuma petiola. Arboreta and Botanical Gardens, Los
Buckley: Allium neapolitanum Cowanii Nymphaea ‘James Brydon’ 441 Corbis: Bleddyn Wynn Jones: Hedychium Angeles, California; Lotusland
Group 410 GAP Photos: Martin Hughes- Fred Hirschmann/Science Faction: Iris stenopetalum. Dave Skinner: Alpinia Foundation, Santa Barbara, California;
Jones: Crocosmia ‘Severn Sunrise’; setosa. Frank Lane Picture Agency hainanensis, Cornukaempferia aurantiflora McBeans Orchids, Lewes, Sussex; Merrist
Visions Premium: Crocosmia ‘Honey (FLPA): Winfried Wisniewski: Iris ‘Jungle Gold’, Curcuma zedoaria, Wood Agricultural College, Worplesdon,
Angels’. Marianne Majerus Garden sibirica. Garden World Images: Hedychium thyrsiforme. GAP Photos: Surrey; Mrs J.F. Phillips, Westwell, Oxon;
Images: Andrew Lawson: Crocosmia M Hughes-Jones: Iris ensata. Martin Hughes-Jones: Hedychium Mr & Mrs Richard Purdon, Ramsden,
‘Star of the East’; Marianne Majerus: GardenPhotos.com: judywhite: yunnanense. Marianne Majerus Oxon; Ramparts Nurseries, Colchester,
Crocosmia ‘George Davison’. Myosotis scorpioides ‘Mermaid’. Garden Images: Marianne Majerus: Essex; Ratcliffe Orchids, Didcot, Oxon;
Photolibrary: Mark Bolton: Crocosmia Photoshot: Michael Warren: Lobelia Hedychium maximum 478 Garden Mrs Joyce Robinson, Denmans, Fontwell,
‘Solfatare’ 411 GAP Photos: Richard siphilitica. Science Photo Library World Images: Aeschynanthus Sussex; Peter Q. Rose, Castle Cary,
Bloom: Camassia quamash; J S Sira: (SPL): Pontederia cordata. The Garden speciosus 482 Alamy: John Glover: Somerset; Royal Botanic Garden,
Roscoea auriculata, Triteleia laxa Collection: Liz Eddison: Mimulus Agave americana ‘Marginata’. Roy Edinburgh; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,
‘Koningin Fabiola’. Photolibrary: ringens 442 Biophoto Associates: Mottram: Agave macroacantha, Agave Surrey; Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney,
Michele Lamontagne: Tulbaghia simmleri Potamogeton crispus. Garden World parrasana, Agave polianthiflora, Agave Australia; Royal National Rose Society,
412 GAP Photos: J S Sira: Ismene Images: Sparganium erectum. potatorum 483 Garden World Images: St Albans, Herts; Royal Horticultural
x spofforthiae ‘Sulphur Queen’. Garden Photolibrary: Ulrich Niehoff: Iris J Lilly: Rebutia ‘Carnival’ 484 Roy Society’s Garden, Wisley, Surrey. Santa
World Images: Arisaema griffithii, versicolor 443 Photolibrary: Fredrik Mottram: Rebutia ‘Jenny’ 485 Alamy: Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara,
Eucomis bicolor, Ranunculus asiaticus Ehrenstrom: Myriophyllum verticillatum. GFC Collection: Frithia pulchra California; Savill Garden, Windsor, Berks;
var. flavus 413 Alamy: Emmanuel Lattes: Photoshot: Michael Warren: Peltandra 486 Photolibrary: Harald Lange: Mr & Mrs K. Schoenenberger, Shipton-
Tigridia pavonia. Photos Horticultural: virginica 444 Alamy: Arco Images Adenium obesum 488 Garden World under-Wychwood, Oxon; Mrs Martin
Nerine ‘Orion’ 414 Garden World GmbH: Nymphoides peltata 445 Frank Images: Schlumbergera ‘Bristol Beauty’ Simmons, Burghclere, Berks; Dr James
Images: Eucharis amazonica, Lane Picture Agency (FLPA): Michael 490 Garden World Images: Kalanchoe Smart, Barnstaple, Devon; Arthur Smith,
Ornithogalum balansae 415 Alamy: Durham: Mimulus x hybrida. GAP tomentosa 493 Roy Mottram: Aloe Wigston, Leics; P.J. Smith, Ashington,
Jacquie Green: Hyacinthus orientalis Photos: Richard Bloom: Ligularia ‘Britt hemmingii 494 Alamy: shapencolour: Sussex; Springfields Gardens, Spalding,
‘White Pearl’. International Flower Marie Crawford’ 446-447 GAP Photos: Mammillaria elongata 496 Alamy: John Lincs; Staite & Sons, Evesham, Worcs;
Bulb Centre: Iris ‘Natascha’. Martin Hughes-Jones. 447 GAP Photos: Glover: Kalanchoe delagoensis. Stapeley Water Gardens, Nantwich,
Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Muscari Lee Avison (tl); Frederic Didillon (ftr); Cheshire; Strybing Arboreta Society
botryoides ‘Album’ 416 Alamy: Elizabeth John Glover (ftl); Jo Whitworth (tr). All other images © Dorling Kindersley of Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
Whiting & Associates: Allium acuminatum; 448 Alamy Images: Douglas Peebles www.dkimages.com California; David Stuart, Dunbar, East
WoodyStock: Ornithogalum umbellatum. Photography (bl). GAP Photos: Jerry Lothian; Suffolk Herbs, Sudbury, Suffolk;
GAP Photos: John Glover: Scilla siberica Harpur (r); Visions (cl). 450 Garden The publishers would like to thank all those University Botanic Garden, Cambridge;
‘Alba’. Garden World Images: Anemone World Images: Bauhinia variegata, who generously assisted the photographers University of British Columbia Botanical
tschaernjaewii 417 Alamy: idp crocus Chorisia speciosa. Photolibrary: Gerry and provided plants for photography, in Garden, Vancouver; University of
collection: Crocus chrysanthus Whitmont: Brachychiton acerifolius particular the curators, directors and staff California Arboretum, Davis, California;
‘Zwanenberg Bronze’. Garden World 451 GAP Photos: Trevor Nicholson of the following organizations and those University of California Arboretum, Santa
Images: Crocus ‘Blue Bird’, Crocus Christie: Jacaranda mimosifolia private individuals listed below. Special Cruz, California; University of California
‘Cream Beauty’, Crocus ‘Eyecatcher’, 452 Garden World Images: Ficus thanks are due to those at the Royal Botanic Botanical Garden, Berkeley, California;
Crocus speciosus ‘Conqueror’. Pat benghalensis 453 Garden World Gardens, Kew, and the Royal Horticultural University of California Botanical
Brindley: Crocus vernus ‘Remembrance’. Images: Sparrmannia africana, Society’s Garden, Wisley, for their Gardens, Los Angeles, California;
Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Crocus Spathodea campanulata. Photolibrary: invaluable assistance and support. University of Reading Botanic Garden,
goulimyi; Francesca York: Crocus vernus Ed Reschke: Calliandra eriophylla Reading, Berks; Unwins Seeds Ltd,
‘Queen of the Blues’ 418 Alamy: Bob 454 P-Pod: Plectranthus fructicosus African Violet Centre, Terrington St Histon, Cambridge; Jack Vass, Haywards
Gibbons: Babiana rubrocyanea; J ‘James’ 455 Garden World Images: Clement, Norfolk; Ken Akers, Great Heath, Sussex; Rosemary Verey, Barnsley,
Marshall - Tribaleye Images: Sparaxis Epacris impressa, Medinilla magnifica; Saling, Essex; Jacques Amand Ltd, Glos; Vesutor Air Plants, Ashington,
tricolor. GAP Photos: Visions: Iris ‘Pixie’ Sam Tran: Medinilla magnifica Clamphill, Middx; Anmore Exotics, Sussex; Wakehurst Place (Royal Botanic
420 Garden World Images: Tecophilaea 456 Garden World Images: Gilles Havant, Hants; David Austin Roses, Gardens, Kew), Ardingly, Sussex;
cyanocrocus var. leichtlinii 421 Alamy: Delacroix: Ixora coccinea 457 Garden Albrighton, Shrops; Avon Bulbs, Primrose Warburg, Oxford; Waterperry
Holmes Garden Photos: Puschkinia World Images: Polygala x dalmaisiana, Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts; Ayletts Gardens, Wheatley, Oxon; Westonbirt
scilloides var. libanotica. Garden World Tibouchina urvilleana 459 Garden Nurseries, St Albans, Herts; Steven Bailey Arboretum, Westonbirt, Glos; Woolman’s
Images: Crocus ‘Blue Pearl’, Hyacinthella World Images: Senna corymbosa, Senna Ltd, Sway, Hants; Bill Baker, Tidmarsh, Nurseries, Dorridge, West Midlands;
leucophaea 422 Garden World Images: didymobotrya 460 Garden World Berks; Batsford Arboretum, Moreton-in- Wyld Court Orchids, Newbury, Berks;
Allium narcissiflorum, Cyclamen Images: Lophospermum erubescens Marsh, Glos; Booker Seeds, Sleaford, Eric Young Orchid Foundation, Jersey,
purpurascens, Dipcadi serotinum 461 Alamy: The Garden Picture Library: Lincs; Rupert Bowlby, Reigate, Surrey; Channel Islands.
423 Garden World Images: Scilla Mandevilla x amabilis ‘Alice du Pont’. Bressingham Gardens, Diss, Norfolk;
peruviana. Photolibrary: Chris Burrows: GAP Photos: Jerry Harpur: Clytostoma Roy Brooks, Newent, Glos; British Orchid Dorling Kindersley would also like to
Anomatheca laxa 424 Alamy: Neil Overy: callistegioides. Photos Horticultural: Growers’ Association; Broadleigh thank the following for their help with
Acis autumnalis. Garden World Images: Agapetes variegata var. macrantha Gardens, Somerset; Burford House the third North American edition:
Gardens, Tenbury Wells, Shrops; Malavika Talukder, Eman Chowdhary,
Cambridge Bulbs, Newton, Cambs; Pakshalika Jayaprakash, Sreshtha
Bhattacharya, Kanarindhana Kathirvel,
Roma Malik, Antara Moitra, Neha Pande,
Rupa Rao, Neha Ruth Samuel, Himanshi
Sharma, Janashree Singha.
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