RUBIACEAE. Plants of the Nyika Plateau

Transcription

1 RUBIACEAE in open woodland and frequently burnt grassland; 1,500 2,150 m. N. Malawi, Zambia and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 118 (1989). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 3.2 km S.W. of Rest House, 1958, Robson & Angus 221 (BM, K, LISC). Leptactina benguelensis (Benth. & Hook.f.) R.D.Good subsp. pubescens Verdc. Mat- or cushion-forming suffrutex; leaves opposite, elliptic to oblanceolate, x 6 50 mm, glossy dark green above, densely hairy below; flowers white, with 4 5 narrow lobes, sweetly scented, showy; fruit bright red, fleshy, crowned with the long lobes of the persistent calyx; in miombo woodland, sometimes in rocky areas; 870 1,950 m. Zimbabwe to Angola and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without locality, collector unknown (Mill 1979); Nyika National Park, Thazima Gate, 2000, Burrows & Maroyi 6806 (MAL, PRE). Manostachya staelioides (K.Schum.) Bremek. Woody-based Thesium-like herb m tall, with several erect stems; leaves in whorls 3 4 or paired, apparently verticillate, linear to subulate, 2 6 mm long, up to 0.5 mm wide, hairless; flowers minute, in tight axillary clusters; in grassland, chipya woodland, on dambo margins;?1,500 2,250 m. Zambia and Malawi to Angola and S. Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chelinda Bridge, 7,500, Pawek 7889 (K). Multidentia crassa (Hiern) Bridson & Verdc. var. crassa Canthium crassum Hiern; Craterispermum orientale K.Schum.; Craterispermum opimum S.Moore Chichewa: machende a kalulu, mbilima, mviro; Tumbuka: mvilo, mvingomba Shrub or small tree 3 6 m tall, bark very dark, peeling to a reddish undersurface; leaves opposite, entire, oblong-elliptic to roundish, x mm, thickly-textured, glabrous or hairy below, glaucous below; fruit brown with white spots, mm diameter; in miombo or Uapaca woodland, sometimes on rocky outcrops. Zimbabwe to E. Africa. Variety to be determined. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Sawi Valley, 1972, Synge 431 (K); N.E. of Nganda, 1,600 m, Patel et al (K). Mussaenda arcuata Lam. ex Poir. Mussaenda laurifolia A.Chev.; Mussaenda abyssinica Chiov. Tonga: kamtibi, mfukusa Scrambling shrub or climber; flowers yellow with a reddish brown centre; in moist woodland and riverine forest. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chipome Valley, 1972, Synge 22 (K). Oldenlandia angolensis K.Schum. var. angolensis Short-lived perennial erect herb mm tall with long, slender internodes; leaves opposite, narrowly elliptic to linear, x mm, entire, hairless or few hairs on margins; flowers in small, dense heads, white to dull mauve; in Miscanthus swamp edges, riverine marshes, muddy dambos; 1,160 2,250 m. Botswana and Zimbabwe to Cameroon and Uganda. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 125 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chelinda Bridge, 1970, Pawek 3424 (K). Oldenlandia echinulosa K.Schum. var. pellucida (Hiern) Verdc. Oldenlandia pellucida Hiern var. pellucida Weak, erect, mostly unbranched annual herb to 400 mm tall; leaves opposite, elliptic-lanceolate, x 6 28 mm, margins entire, sparsely hairy above at first, hairless throughout later; flowers in axillary clusters, white or greenish, tube mm long; damp rocks by rivers or streams, mossy banks or damp humus on cave floors; 600 1,800 m. Zimbabwe to Sierra Leone and Sudan. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without locality, collector unknown (Mill 1979). Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb.?var. Annual or perennial erect or spreading branched herb mm tall; leaves opposite, linear to linear-lanceolate, 6 55 x 1 4 mm, hairless; flowers 1 2, axillary, on long slender stalks; in a wide variety of habitats, sometimes rocky or in marshy areas; 40 1,850 m. Widespread in Africa, also in Madagascar and Asia. The variety on Nyika yet to be confirmed. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without locality, collector unknown (Mill 1979). Oldenlandia rosulata K.Schum. var. parviflora Bremek. Slender erect annual herb to 350 mm tall; leaves opposite, basal leaves rosulate, spathulate to elliptic, 3 7 x1.3 3 mm, stem leaves filiform to linear-lanceolate, glabrous; flowers axillary, single or to 3, on long stalks; grassland, dambos, woodlands; 1,260 2,300 m. N. Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia to Tanzania and Uganda. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 130 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Businande Road, 1976, Phillips 1630 (K, MO). Otiophora caerulea (Hiern) Bullock Several-stemmed perennial herb, erect mm tall; from a large woody rootstock; leaves opposite, entire, decussate, elliptic-lanceolate to linear, x 2 12 mm, mainly hairless; flowers blue to pinkish in terminal heads; open or wooded grassland, often seasonally wet; 1,220 2,130 m. Zambia and Malawi to Tanzania, D.R.C., and Angola. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 147 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without precise locality, 1,830 2,130 m, 1896, Whyte 193 (K); Nyika National Park, Mwanda Mt., 2000, Willis 193 (MAL, PRE, UZL). Otiophora scabra Zucc. subsp. scabra Usually annual herb or shrublet to 1 m tall, stems with internodes mm long; leaves opposite, entire, decussate, narrowly lanceolate, x 2 20mm, glabrous to densely hairy above; flowers small white to mauve, in a terminal spike to c. 150 mm long; in grassland or miombo woodland; 900 1,900 m. Zimbabwe to Angola, D.R.C., and Tanzania; also in Madagascar. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 143 (1989) Malawi. Nyika National Park, path to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6795 (MAL, PRE, UZL). Otiophora stolzii (Verdc.) Verdc. Perennial tufted or cushion-forming herb to 200 mm high; leaves opposite, entire, decussate, elliptic to linear-lanceolate, x mm, glabrous or slightly hairy; flowers in a several-flowered terminal head, white, pink, lilac or pale blue; in grassland or rocky areas. Only known from Nyika in the Flora zambesiaca area; also in Tanzania and D.R.C. (Shaba). Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 147 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without precise locality, 2,400 m, 1961, Robinson 4502a (SRGH); Nyika National Park, Fingira Rock, 2000, Willis & Luhanga 218 (PRE). Otiophora villicaulis Mildbr. var. villicaulis Otiophora villicaulis var. villosa Verdc.; Otiophora latifolia Verdc. Perennial tufted or cushion- or mat-forming herb with straggling decumbent hairy stems to 150 mm long; leaves opposite, entire, mostly ovate to round, 6 12(15) mm wide, slightly to densely hairy; flowers in a few-flowered terminal head, bluish lilac; in open or wooded grassland, often in disturbed places or firebreaks. Malawi and Zambia to Tanzania and Nigeria. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 148 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, near Nganda Peak, ca 2,240 m, 1974, Pawek 7912 (K, MO). Otiophora villicaulis Mildbr. var. iringensis (Verdc.) Puff Otiophora parviflora var. iringensis Verdc.; Otiophora latifolia Verdc. Perennial tufted or cushion- or mat-forming herb with straggling hairy stems to 150 mm long; leaves opposite, entire, mostly ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, 5 8 mm wide, mostly with a few hairs; flowers in a few-flowered terminal head, bluish lilac; in open or wooded grassland, often in disturbed places or firebreaks. Malawi and Zambia to Tanzania and Nigeria. Plants of the Nyika Plateau 245

2 Multidentia crassa var. crassa Del. Maureen Church Manostachya staelioides Oldenlandia herbacea 2,5 mm 1,5 mm 1,5 mm Mussaenda arcuata 246 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

3 Otiophora scabra subsp. scabra Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. stenocarpus Pachystigma pygmaeum Pauridiantha paucinervis subsp. holstii 4 mm 4 mm Plants of the Nyika Plateau 247

4 RUBIACEAE Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 148 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, near Nganda Peak, ca 2,240 m, 1974, Pawek 7912 (K, MO); Chisanga Falls, 2000, Kasakula 240 (LMA, MAL, SRGH). Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. stenocarpus (K.Schum.) Bridson Yao: mlonga; Sukwa: mpukuso Shrub or small tree to 12 m tall; leaves opposite, entire, shiny, glabrous, sometimes hairy beneath, domatia present; flowers white/cream, corolla lobes 6 18 mm long; in evergreen forest, often along streams; 750 2,300 m. South Africa to Ethiopia. There are no specimens of this genus from Nyika at Kew. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasyaula and Zovochipolo Forests (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 388); forest patch 15 miles up the Nyika road, 1956, Chapman 288 (FHO). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Manyenjere, Kasoma, and Chowo Forests (Dowsett- Lemaire 1985: 388). Pachystigma pygmaeum (Schltr.) Robyns Erect or prostrate perennial dwarf shrub to 250 mm tall, subsuffrescent; leaves opposite, often clustered at branch tips, oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate, x mm, hairless or with short stiff hairs; flowers axillary, in clusters of 3 7, white to creamish green; fruit round, 15 diameter, crowned by a persistent calyx; in short grassland, laterite pans, dambo margins, open woodland, and termite mounds; 1,170 2,280 m. N. South Africa to S. Tanzania. Source. Mill (1979). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chelinda Bridge, 7,600, Pawek (K). Pauridiantha paucinervis (Hiern) Bremek. subsp. holstii (K.Schum.) Verdc. Pauridiantha holstii K.Schum. Shrub or small tree, rarely scandent, m tall, with distinctly hairy young twigs; leaves opposite, x 9 52 mm, oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate, glabrous throughout or with a few hairs on the nerves, margins entire, veins prominent below; flowers in axillary clusters, white, cream or yellow, drying red(-dish); fruit orange or red; in various types of evergreen forest; 500 2,400 m. Malawi and Zambia to Kenya and D.R.C. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 388). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, eastern escarpment forests, Dowsett-Lemaire ecol. 128 (?K). Pavetta crassipes K.Schum. Pavetta barteri Dawe; Pavetta utilis Hua Chichewa: manja ataliu Tree to 5 m; leaves opposite, entire, linear, leathery. Widespread in tropical Africa from Malawi and Zambia northwards. Very closely related to the South African P. edentula. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Sawi Valley, 1972, Synge 418 (K). Pavetta kyimbilensis Bremek. subsp. iringensis (Bremek.) Bridson Pavetta lasiobracteata sensu White et al. (2001: 487), pro parte, quoad Pavetta kyimbilensis in syn. Shrub m tall; leaves opposite, entire, glabrous, shiny above, bacterial nodules linear along midrib with a few dot-shaped and scattered; in montane forest; 1,850 2,400 m. S. Tanzania (Mbeya/Rungwe) and N. Malawi. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 388). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without locality, 2,300 m, 1946, Brass (K); eastern escarpment, Mwenembwe Forest, 2,000 2,350 m, Dowsett-Lemaire 780 (K); Mwenembwe Forest, Chapman 2025 (photocopy K). Pavetta radicans Hiern Pavetta cecilae N.E.Br. Suffrutex or small shrub to 1 m tall; leaves opposite, oblanceolate, x 5 18 mm, entire, tips rounded, sparsely hairy, bacterial nodules dot-shaped, very small, scattered; flowers in few-flowered heads, white to cream, sweetly scented, corolla tube mm long; in miombo woodland, sometimes 248 Plants of the Nyika Plateau on rocky scarps; 1,650 1,830 m. Zimbabwe to Angola and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Thazima Gate, 2000, Burrows & Maroyi 6807 (MAL, PRE, SRGH, UZL); 1.6 km into Plateau from main road, 1,550 m, Pawek 7803 (K). Pavetta schumanniana K.Schum. Small tree to 8 m tall, bark pale, roughish, flaking; leaves opposite, entire, x mm, obovate to oblanceolate, roughish, hairy below, pale green; flowers white, in dense heads, corolla tube 5 11 mm long; in miombo woodland and other mixed woodlands; 360 2,400 m. South Africa to Tanzania and westwards to Cameroon. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 8 miles N. of M1, 1,660 m, 1978, Pawek (K, MAL, MO). Pavetta subumbellata Bremek. var. subumbellata Shrub or small tree, often scandent, to 7 m tall; leaves opposite, entire, obovate, 3 60 x 2, papery, subglabrous or sparsely hairy, bacterial nodules dot-shaped to elliptic, scattered; flowers white, calyx lobes linear, corolla tube mm long: in thicket/scrub or forest edges; 1,500 2,600 m; Malawi, Zambia, and S. Tanzania. Var. subcoriacea Bridson (P. abyssinica sensu White, Dowsett-Lemaire & Chapman (2001: 484)) occurs on the Viphya plateaux, but not on the Nyika. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Juniper Forest Reserve, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6942 (Buffelskloof Herbarium); Zovochipolo forest patches 2,100 2,200 m, Dowsett-Lemaire 89 (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Manyenjere, Kasoma and Chowo Forests, Dowsett- Lemaire, without linked specimen (herbaria not stated); Fanshawe 7387 (K). Pentanisia schweinfurthii Hiern Pentanisia rhodesiana S.Moore; Pentanisia crassifolia K.Krause Perennial pyrophytic herb, m tall; flowers bright blue, white or purple; montane to mid-altitude grassland or miombo woodland; 780 2,270 m. Zimbabwe northwards through most of tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 59 (1989). No country given. 1962, Lees 73 (UZL). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, top of ridge of Chelinda road, 1967, Richards (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 3.2 km S.W. of Rest House, 1958, Robson & Angus 184 (BM, K). Pentas decora S.Moore var. decora Herb m high with 2 3 stems from a woody rootstock; leaves opposite, x 7 30 mm, lanceolate, entire, usually hairless; inflorescence of 1 5 clusters of up to 30 flowers, flowers white, sweet-scented, corolla tube 30 1 long; in Protea grassland, Uapaca woodland, often boggy; 900 2,250 m. Malawi (Nyika) and N. Zambia to Angola and Sudan. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 71 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Makanga Hill E, 1976, Phillips 809A (K, MO); Wovwe Valley, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6913 (MAL, PRE). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, without locality, 1962, Fanshawe 7338 (K, NDO). Pentas lindenioides (S.Moore) Verdc. Pentas geophila Verdc. Pyrophytic herb mm high, stems hairy; leaves opposite, or in whorls of 3, x mm, elliptic, entire, hairy; inflorescence dense heads of 1 8 flowers; flowers white, greenish or blue, corolla tube mm long; in montane grassland; 2,240 2,280 m. Nyika Plateau and S. Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 71 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, between Kasaramba and Chelinda, 1967, Hilliard & Burtt 4407 (E, K, NU); Kasaramba View Road, 7,600, 1969, Pawek 3315 (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, without precise locality, 1974, Fanshawe (K, NDO). Type: Nyika Plateau, 1903, Henderson s.n. (BM, holo.). Pentas purpurea Oliv. subsp. purpurea Herb with 1 4 stems mm tall from a woody rootstock; leaves opposite, lanceolate to ovate or elliptic, x mm, entire, sparsely

5 Pavetta subumbellata Pentanisia schweinfurthii Del. Julia Loken Pentodon pentandrus var. pentandrus Pentas decora var. decora Plants of the Nyika Plateau 249

6 Psydrax whitei Psychotria spithamea Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri var. rogersii Del. Maureen Church Rothmannia fischeri subsp. fischeri 250 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

7 RUBIACEAE hairy on both surfaces; flowers very dark blue, corolla tube mm long; in open grassland, wooded grassland or various types of woodland; 780 2,100 m. Zimbabwe to Tanzania and W. Africa. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without locality, collector unknown (Mill 1979); N. of Lake Kaulime, 2000, Willis & Luhanga 114 (MAL, PRE, UZL). Pentas schimperiana (A.Rich.) Vatke subsp. schimperiana Pentas thomsonii Scott-Elliot Shrub or woody herb m high; leaves opposite, x mm, entire, ovate to lanceolate, rusty-hairy on both surfaces, stipules large, linear; flowers white to pinkish with a musky scent, corolla tube 5 14 mm long; in montane forest margins, scrub or streamside thickets; 1,710 2,350 m. Nyika and Viphya northwards to Ethiopia. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, near Muzengapakweru, 1972, Synge 344 (K, MAL, SRGH); Chisanga Falls, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6764 (MAL, PRE, SRGH, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, below Rest House on path to N. Rukuru waterfalls 1958, Robson & Angus 397 (BM, K, LISC). Pentodon pentandrus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Vatke var. pentandrus Weak-stemmed slender procumbent herb or short-lived perennial; leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate to elliptic, x mm; inflorescence axillary, with 1 4 widely-spaced flowers, flowers minute, white to blue; in rainforest, swamps, wet grassland; m. (McClounie s Nyika record here is dubious). Widespread in tropical Africa; also in Madagascar and the New World. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 116 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Mwanemba (Mwenembwe), 1903, McClounie 74 (K). Psychotria ealaensis De Wild. Climbing shrub with stems 6 15 m long; leaves opposite, x mm, margins entire, apex acuminate, hairless, domatia present; flowers yellowish, greenish or lilac; ripe fruits red; in montane forest, 1,200 2,100 m. N. Mozambique to Uganda and Cameroon. Possibly only a climbing form of P. mahonii. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 17 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Mwenembwe Forest, 1983, Dowsett-Lemaire ecol. 124 (K). Psychotria eminiana (Kuntze) E.M.A.Petit var. eminiana Shrub m tall, shoots from a very woody rootstock, young shoots, petioles, peduncles and leaf undersides often densely hairy; leaves opposite, variable, x mm, margins entire, upper surface quilted, domatia present; fruits red; in miombo woodland, deciduous thicket, and bush, sometimes riverine; 480 1,650 m. Mozambique, Malawi, and Zambia to Tanzania and Nigeria. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, N. of Nganda above Sawi and Bongo Rivers, 1,200 m, Patel, Ludlow, Scott & Creegan 5062 (K); 0.5 miles in Nyika road, 1975, 1,550 m, Pawek 9836 (K). Psychotria linearisepala E.M.A.Petit var. linearisepala Shrub or small tree m tall, branches slender; leaves opposite, x 5 45 mm, entire, variously hairy on both sides, discolorous; flowers cream to yellowish, calyx lobe long, linear; fruit red; in Brachystegia, Uapaca and other woodland, evergreen forest, riverine, often in rocky places; 750 1,650 m. Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., and S. Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without locality, collector unknown (Mill, 1979, but none at Kew). Psychotria mahonii C.H.Wright Psychotria mahonii var. puberula (E.M.A.Petit) Verdc.; Grumilea macrantha K.Schum., non Psychotria macrantha Müll.Arg.; Grumilea punicea S.Moore Small tree to 5 10 m, sometimes with pendulous branches and rough bark; leaves opposite, x mm, obovate to oblong-elliptic, glabrous or hairy below, domatia conspicuous, hairy; flowers white, greenish or yellow; fruit red; in evergreen riverine forest, miombo woodland, and Pericopsis Burkea woodland; 640 1,850 m. Zimbabwe through eastern Africa to Kenya. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chipome Valley, 1972, Synge 270 (K, MAL, SRGH); Sawi Valley, 1,465 m, 1972, Synge 404 (FHO). Psychotria peduncularis (Salisb.) Steyerm. var. rufonyassana Verdc. Cephaelis peduncularis sensu White (1962) Subshrub, shrub or shrubby herb m tall; leaves opposite, elliptic to obovate or lanceolate, x mm, glabrous above, usually hairy below, stipules large, bilobed; inflorescence compact, surrounded by a pale involucre (bracts), borne on a long pale peduncle; fruit in tight clusters, blue, blue-black or white; understorey of evergreen forest or riverine forest; 1,050 1,750 m. Zambia, Malawi, and S. Tanzania. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 361). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, below N. Rukuru waterfalls, 1,700 1,750 m, Dowsett-Lemaire, without linked specimen (none at Kew). Psychotria spithamea S.Moore Multi-stemmed subshrub with several stems m high, arising from a creeping woody rhizome; leaves opposite, x 6 54 mm, entire, often hairy or velvety below, domatia absent; flowers white or cream; fruit red; in miombo woodland, Parinari thicket or grassland; 560 1,860 m. Malawi and Zambia to Angola, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Very similar to P. kirkii. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 30 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without precise locality, 1976, Phillips 853 (K, MO); Nyika National Park, Thazima Gate, 2000, Burrows & Maroyi 6808 (MAL, PRE, SRGH, UZL). Psychotria zombamontana (Kuntze) E.M.A.Petit Grumilea kirkii Hiern; Psychotria meridiano-montana E.M.A.Petit var. glabra E.M.A.Petit Shrub or small tree m; leaves opposite, x mm, entire, glabrous, prominently ribbed with more-or-less parallel veins, domatia absent or inconspicuous; flowers white or pale yellow; ripe fruits orange; in montane forest, forest margins, and scrub; 990 2,500 m. South Africa (Mpumalanga) through eastern tropical Africa to Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 16 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest Reserve, 2000, Chikuni 506 (MAL); Jalawe Viewpoint, 2000, Thera 3075 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, upper slopes of Kangampande Mountain (Chowo Forest), 1952, White 2733 (FHO, K). [Type: Zambia, Nyika Plateau, Robson 347 (K, holo., BM)]. Psydrax livida (Hiern) Bridson Canthium huillense Hiern; Canthium wildii (Suess.) Codd Small tree to 8m, often with more or less horizontal branches, bark pale, smooth; leaves opposite, x mm, narrowly to broadly ovate, entire, usually finely hairy, ciliate domatia present; flowers whitish, in dense axillary heads; in various types of woodland, often in rocky areas; 300 1,600 m. South Africa to Angola and Kenya. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without locality, collector unknown (Mill, 1979, but none at Kew). Psydrax parviflora (Afzel.) Bridson subsp. rubrocosta (Robyns) Bridson Canthium vulgare (K.Schum.) Bullock, sensu Dowsett-Lemaire (1985) Medium-sized tree 6 20 m tall; leaves opposite, x mm, oblong-elliptic to ovate, entire, glabrous with red midrib and hairy domatia below; flowers whitish, in axillary clusters; in evergreen montane forest; 1,800 2,000 m. Nyika Plateau northwards to Sudan; rare on Nyika. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 388). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Manyenjere Forest, Dowsett-Lemaire 322 (herbaria not stated). Psydrax whitei Bridson Canthium whitei (Bridson) F.White Shrub or small tree m; leaves opposite, entire, broadly elliptic to Plants of the Nyika Plateau 251

8 RUBIACEAE roundish, x 9 35 mm, glossy dark green and glabrous above, hairy domatia present below; flowers greenish cream, in dense axillary clusters; in evergreen montane forest, forest margins, and rocky outcrops; 2,100 2,300 m. N. and E. Zambia, N. Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(2): 353 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chelinda, 1959, Adlard 300 (K, SRGH); N. of Lake Kaulime, 2000, Willis & Luhanga 121 (MAL, PRE, UZL). [Type: Malawi, Nyika Plateau, Richards (K, holo.)]. Zambia. Nyika Plateau, without precise locality, 1962, Fanshawe 7299 (K). Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri (Sond.) Robyns var. rogersii Robyns Suffrutex with slender stems to 300 mm high; leaves opposite, entire, moreor-less hairy, in 2s, 3s, or 4s; flowers red or greenish; fruit pear-shaped, without a persistent calyx; high-rainfall miombo woodlands, submontane grassland, and dambo margins; 900 2,200 m. South Africa to D.R.C. and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(2): 309 (1998). Zambia. Nyika National Park, between Zambian Rest House and Manyenjere Forest, 1992, Goyder, Paton & Tawakali 3561 (K, NDO). Rothmannia fischeri (K.Schum.) Bullock subsp. fischeri Randia fischeri K.Schum. Small tree to 8 m tall; flowers large, showy, white with reddish spots in the throat; fruit green, finely speckled cream; on rocky hillsides in woodland, thicket to forest; near sea-level to 2,200 m. South Africa to Tanzania and D.R.C. Source. Brummitt (1973: 74). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, E. summit of Kawozya, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 218 (K, MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, Dowsett-Lemaire, without linked specimen (herbaria not stated). Rubia cordifolia L. subsp. conotricha (Gand.) Verdc. Rubia conotricha Gand.; Rubia longipetiolata Bullock; Rubia discolor Turcz. Climbing herb with straggly stems about 5 m long, distinctly 4-ribbed; leaves entire, stalked, in whorls of 4, x mm, leaves and stems covered in prickles ( Velcro ); forest margins, scrub, and bush-clumps. Widely distributed through E. tropical Africa to Angola and Eastern Cape. Source. Brummitt (1973: 74). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, between Nganda and Muzengapakweru, 1972, Synge 358 (K, MAL, SRGH); Nganda Hill, 2000, Izidine 115 (LMA). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, ca 4 km S.W. of Rest House (stated as Malawi in FZ), 1958, Robson & Angus 306 (BM, K, SRGH). Rutidea fuscescens Hiern subsp. fuscescens Shrub or liane 1 9 m high, branches often horizontal or backward-pointing; leaves opposite, entire, shiny, glabrous above, hairy domatia present; in rainforest or thicket; 1,000 2,200 m. Zimbabwe to Tanzania. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 388). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Zovochipolo Forest (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 388). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 2000, Phiri 4028 (UZL). Rutidea orientalis Bridson Scandent shrub or climber, all parts with russety hairs, similar to Keetia gueinzii, but with stipules 5- fingered ; flowers Pavetta-like; in or at edges of evergreen forest, or in scrub; 800 2,250 m. Zimbabwe to D.R.C. and Kenya. Probably rare on the Nyika. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 388). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, below N. Rukuru (Chisanga) Waterfalls, Dowsett- Lemaire 324 (herbaria not stated but not at K). Rytigynia adenodonta (K.Schum.) Robyns var. adenodonta Bushy shrub or small tree to 3.5 m high, young stems often hairy; leaves opposite, entire, x mm, elliptic to broadly ovate-elliptic, glabrous or with some hairs below, domatia hairy; otherwise very similar to R. uhligii. In montane forest, upper end of forested ravines, and rocky slopes; 2,100 m. Malawi, E. Zambia, and Tanzania. Nyika is probably the 252 Plants of the Nyika Plateau southern limit of this variety. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(2): 290 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Rock, 1977, Pawek (K, MAL, MO, SRGH, UC). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 8.8 km S.W. of Rest House, 1958, Robson & Angus 354 (BM, K, LISC). Rytigynia adenodonta (K.Schum.) Robyns var. reticulata (Robyns) Verdc. Canthium sp. 1 of White et al.: 472 (2001). As for var. adenodonta, but the young stems mostly glabrous; leaves opposite, entire, up to 75 x 45 mm; in montane forest and forest margins, often in rocky places; 1,770 2,200 m. Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, and S. Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(2): 291 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Engineers Forest, Nthalire Forest crossroads, 1975, Phillips 747 (K, MO). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 8.8 km S.W. of Rest House, 1958, Robson & Angus 354 (BM, K, LISC). Rytigynia macrura Verdc. Rytigynia sp. 1 sensu R.B.Drumm. in Kirkia 10: 276 (1975) Shrub m tall with smooth grey bark and long branches with graceful horizontal branchlets; leaves opposite, narrowly obovate to almost round, x 4 30 mm, entire, hairy, with domatia; fruit 14 mm diameter, yellowish; in high-altitude miombo and montane forests; 1,040 2,000 m. Confined to the Flora zambesiaca area; probably also on the Malawian Nyika. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(2): 297 (1998). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Kasoma Forest, 1983, Dowsett-Lemaire 562 (FHO, K). Rytigynia monantha (K.Schum.) Robyns var. monantha Rytigynia castanea Lebrun, Taton & Toussaint; Rytigynia sp. sensu Brenan (1954); Rytigynia sp. 3 sensu White (1962) Much-branched shrub or small tree m, twigs more-or-less glabrous; leaves opposite, ovate, oblong or elliptic, entire, mostly densely hairy, velvety below; fruit round, 3- to 6-lobed, 6 8 mm diameter, hairy; in miombo woodland to evergreen forest, often on rocky places; 585 2,250 m. Malawi and N. Zambia to Rwanda and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(2): 295 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, N. Rukuru (Chisanga) Waterfall, 1959, Robinson 3095 (K, PRE); Zungwara Road, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6882 (MAL, PRE, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, upper slopes of Kangampande (Chowo Forest), 1952, White 2735 (FHO, K, WAG). Rytigynia uhligii (K.Schum. & K.Krause) Verdc. Shrub or tree to 9 m, bark smooth, peeling to pale; leaves opposite, x 5 48 mm, elliptic to ovate, hairless, but with tufted domatia below; inflorescence 1- to 2-flowered, flowers whitish; fruit blue-black, 9 10 mm diameter; in evergreen forest understorey; 900 2,000 m. Zimbabwe to Kenya. Can be difficult to distinguish from R. adenodonta. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(2): 291 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Nyamkhowa Forest, 1982, Dowsett-Lemaire 534 (K). Spermacoce dibrachiata Oliv. Annual or perennial herb to 0.9 m tall, variable, stems branched or unbranched, usually bristly; leaves opposite, entire, lanceolate, x 3.5, glabrous or with long hairs on both surfaces; flowers blue to violet; in grassland, miombo woodland or disturbed areas; 750 2,100 m. Zimbabwe to Angola, Rwanda, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6754 (LMA, MAL, PRE, UZL); Chosi Hill, 2000, Chapama 144 (MAL). Spermacoce filifolia (Schum. & Thonn.) J.-P.Lebrun & Stork Annual erect herb m high; leaves opposite, entire, filiform, subulate, x mm; flowers with a white tube and blue lobes; in wet

9 Rutidea fuscescens subsp. fuscescens Rubia cordifolia subsp. conotricha Rytigynia monantha var. monantha Spermacoce princeae var. princeae Del. Maureen Church Plants of the Nyika Plateau 253

10 Tapiphyllum cinerascens var. laevius Tarenna neurophylla Tricalysia coriacea 7 mm Vangueria infausta subsp. rotundata 254 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

11 RUBIACEAE grassy areas, also drier miombo woodlands; 1,120 1,200 m. Zimbabwe to Senegal and Sudan. This collection is from 8,000 ft (2,580 m), which must be a mistake; see also notes on McClounie. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 174 (1989). Malawi. (Nyika Plateau?), Mwanemba (Mwenembwe), 1903, McClounie 24 (K). Spermococe huillensis (Hiern) R.D.Good Annual herb mm tall, mostly branched near the base, stems purplish-brown, hairy; leaves opposite, entire, lanceolate to elliptic (lower leaves), x mm, glabrous, shiny above, sometimes scabrid, hairy below; flowers white to pale mauve; in miombo woodland, often in disturbed areas; 1,140 1,440 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chipome Valley, 2001, without collecting details (Patel & Overton 2002: 39). Spermacoce princeae (K.Schum.) Verdc. var. princeae Scrambling or decumbent perennial herb, much-branched, stems often dark crimson; leaves opposite, entire, elliptic to ovate, x mm, hairy or not above, sparsely hairy below, margins scabrid; flowers white, sometimes tinged pinkish; in riverine evergreen forest and montane forest margins; 1,350 2,250 m. Zambia and Malawi to Cameroon and Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(1): 179 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Dam, 2000, Chapama 198 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 8.8 km S.W. of Rest House, 1958, Robson 353 (K); Chowo Rock, 1973, Pawek 6681 (K). Spermacoce pusilla Wall. Annual herb, erect or prostrate, stems grooved, subglabrous, reddish; leaves opposite, entire, linear-lanceolate, x mm, minutely scabrid above, glabrous below; flowers white or pinkish; in seasonally damp grassland, miombo woodland, stream banks, roadsides, mostly on sand; 120 2,010 m. Widespread in tropical Africa; also in Madagascar and Asia to Japan and the Philippines. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without locality, collector unknown (Mill 1979). Tapiphyllum cinerascens (Welw. ex Hiern) Robyns var. laevius (K.Schum.) Verdc. Tapiphyllum griseum Robyns [Type: Nyika Plateau, Robinson 3098 (K, holo., PRE, iso.)] Erect shrub or small tree to 3 m tall, or suffrutex, all parts velvety; leaves opposite, occasionally in whorls of 3, x 5 35 mm, hairy above, velvety below, often discolorous; fruit 8 9 mm diameter, velvety yellowish, crowned with the persistent calyx; in miombo woodland, 800 1,800 m. Mozambique, Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 5(2): 261 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, by Chisanga Falls, 1982, Brummitt et al (K, MAL); 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6761 (MAL, PRE, UZL). Tarenna neurophylla (S.Moore) Bremek. Coptosperma neurophylla (S.Moore) Degreef Chichewa: kasonjonola Small tree to 9 m tall; leaves opposite, entire, elliptic, often pendulous, glabrous, without domatia; inflorescence terminal (plus some axillary), flowers whitish to yellowish; in miombo woodland; 760 1,500 m. Zimbabwe to D.R.C. and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without locality, collector unknown (Mill 1979, but none at K from Nyika, only on road to Nyika). Tricalysia acocantheroides K.Schum. Chichewa: chindongolya Shrub, sometimes a small tree, m tall, young twigs finely hairy; leaves opposite, x mm, entire, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous although the midrib is hairy below, hairy domatia present; in montane forest; 1,500 2,400 m. Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. See also the similar T. verdcourtiana below. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 389); White et al. (2001). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Juniper Forest Reserve, 2000, Chikuni 502 (MAL); Mwenembwe Forest, 2,100 m, Dowsett-Lemaire ecol. 120 (K) and Juniper Forest, 2,150 m, Dowsett-Lemaire ecol. 125 (K); Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forests, 2,100 2,200 m, Dowsett-Lemaire 85 (K); 2 miles S.W. of Rest House, 2,150 m, 1958, Robson & Angus 197 (K). Tricalysia coriacea (Benth.) Hiern subsp. nyassae (Hiern) Bridson Tricalysia nyassae Hiern Tonga: komberapila Tree to 6 m tall; leaves opposite, ovate to obovate, x mm, entire, leathery, hairless, with hairy domatia below; flowers axillary, whitish pink, sweetly scented; fruit red when ripe, 6 10 mm diameter; in riverine and swamp forest or in termite hill thicket. Zimbabwe and Mozambique to Tanzania. Source. Brummitt (1973: 74). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Sawi Valley, 1972, Synge 407 (FHO, K, MAL, SRGH). Tricalysia verdcourtiana Robbr. Tricalysia acocantheroides auctt., non K.Schum; Tricalysia myrtifolia auctt., non S.Moore. As for T. acocantheroides, but flowers in September (cf. November); fruits are spherical (cf. elongated), a leaf with lateral nerves in (5)7 8(10) (not 4 6) main pairs and a mucro of < 1 mm (cf. > 1 mm); on Nyika it is more common than T. acocantheroides. Locally common in montane forests. Also in N. Zambia and S. Tanzania. Nyika is the southernmost locality for this species. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1987: 102); White et al. (2001). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Luselo Forest, Salubeni 352 (BR, K, P); Kafwimba Forest, 2,000 m, 1969, Pawek 2782 (K); 1977, Pawek (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Kasoma Forest, Dowsett-Lemaire 86 (K). Vangueria apiculata K.Schum. Vangueria longicalyx Robyns Shrub or small spreading tree 2 15 m tall; leaves opposite, entire, thin, large, x mm, glabrous, slightly grey-green; fruit roundish, mm diameter, hairless, brown when ripe; in montane grassland on rocky outcrops, scrub, forest margins, riverine forest, and termite mounds; 900 2,050 m. Zimbabwe to D.R.C. and Ethiopia. Rare on Nyika; only this specimen so far collected. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 389); White et al. (2001). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, edge of Chowo Forest, Dowsett-Lemaire 73 (herbaria not stated). Vangueria infausta Burch. subsp. rotundata (Robyns) Verdc. var. campanulata (Robyns) Verdc. Chichewa: mbilima, mfulukutu, msilu, mpulukututu; Tumbuka: mvilu, mzilu Small gnarled tree with pale bark; leaves opposite, entire, large, x mm, hairy; flowers in loose axillary heads, green to yellow-green; fruit large, green, shiny, up to 50 mm diameter, edible; in various types of woodland and wooded grassland; sea-level to 2,000 m. South Africa to Tanzania. Rare on Nyika. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 389); Flora zambesiaca 5(2): 251 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasyaula, Dowsett-Lemaire 254 (herbaria not stated). Vangueria volkensii K.Schum. var. kyimbilensis (Robyns) Verdc. Chichewa: msilu Spreading shrub or small tree 2 9 m tall; leaves opposite, x mm, densely hairy to velvety throughout; fruit roundish, mm diameter, brown when ripe; in mid-stratum of evergreen forest, near streams; 2,050 m. S. Tanzania and Nyika Plateau. Possibly just a hairy form of V. apiculata. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 389); Flora zambesiaca 5(2): 255 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasyaula and Zovochipolo Forests, Dowsett-Lemaire, without linked specimen (herbaria not stated). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Manyenjere Forest, 1981, Dowsett-Lemaire 314 (K). Plants of the Nyika Plateau 255

12 Excluded species RUTACEAE Galium ossirwaense Krause?var. Galium ossiriense Krause (sensu Mill (1979)) This taxon, listed in Mill (1979), is also listed in F.T.E.A. Rubiaceae 1: 400 (1976), where its occurrence is noted for Malawi. However, it is not listed in Flora zambesiaca 5(1)(1989), nor mentioned there as a synonym. Bridson (pers. comm.) states that the taxon was erroneously omitted from Flora zambesiaca and that it is recorded from the mountains E. of Lake Nyassa (Lake Malawi) in Mozambique (Niassa Province). Since we have no voucher specimen from Nyika, or indeed Malawi, this is presently an unconfirmed record and is excluded here. This species may be distinguished from G. scabrellum by the lack of prickles along the leaf blade margin and from G. bussei by its much shorter leaves. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Tricalysia niamniamensis Hiern var. nodosa Robbrecht Tricalysia angolensis sensu R.B.Drumm. in Kirkia 10: 275 (1975) This taxon does not occur in Malawi (N.); perhaps confused with Tricalysia acocantherioides or T. verdcourtiana (Bridson, pers. comm.). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without locality or collecting details unknown (Mill 1979). Vangueria sp.1 Tree to 7 m; bark pale; in light shade of montane forest; 2,000 2,350 m. Known only from Nyika. Bridson (pers. comm.) records that this perhaps equals V. volkensii K.Schum. var. kyimbilensis (Robyns) Verdc. (Dowsett- Lemaire 180 (BR), a poor specimen). Source. White et al. (2001: 507). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest, Dowsett-Lemaire 180; Mwenembwe, 1963, Chapman 2023 (FHO). RUTACEAE Clausena anistata (Willd.) Hook.f ex Benth. Chichewa: kalengantunzi, mkangano, msambasenya Shrub or small unarmed tree, bark grey, smoothish; leaves with a pungent smell, imparipinnate with 5 9 pairs of pinnae, densely dotted with pellucid glands, more or less hairless; flowers small, white, in loosely branched axillary clusters; fruit a small black aromatic berry; in afromontane forest; sea-level to 2,150 m. Cape to Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(1): 191 (1963); White et al. (2001: 508). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without precise locality, 1958, Robson 420A (BM, K, LISC, PRE, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 3.2 km S.W. of Rest House, 1958, Robson 216 (BM, K, LISC, PRE, SRGH, UZL). Teclea nobilis Delile Vepris nobilis (Delile) Mziray Chichewa: mkulukuku Evergreen tree to 15 m tall, glabrous throughout; leaves alternate, 3-foliate, leaflets elliptic to narrowly elliptic, apex acuminate or acute, gland dots clearly visible to the naked eye; fruit in loose axillary clusters, ovoid, 5 8 mm long, unlobed, light red; in mid-stratum of drier montane and Juniperus forests; 1,450 2,200 m. Zimbabwe and Mozambique to Sudan and Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(1): 206 (1963); White et al. (2001: 515). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Kasyaula Forest (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 316); Kashaulo, 6.5 miles from N.R. Rest House, 6,500, 1964, Chapman 2205 (FHO). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, without precise locality, 1958, Lawton 547 (FHO, K). Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Robust liane climbing to 20 m, branchlets and petioles with blackish recurved thorns, which, on the stems, are mounted on raised corky bosses; leaves 3-foliate, aromatic with a citrus smell, pellucid gland-dotted; fruit small, 7 8 mm diameter, like miniature oranges; in montane and drier types of montane forest; 1,300 2,450 m. South Africa to Sudan and Ethiopia, Madagascar, and India. Used by some tribes to make walking sticks. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(1): 199 (1963); White et al. (2001: 511). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Kasyaula and Zovochipolo Forests (Dowsett- Lemaire, 1979a: 320). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, without precise locality, 2,150 m, 1958, Robson 487 (BM, K, LISC, PRE, SRGH). Vepris stolzii I.Verd. Evergreen tree m tall, glabrous throughout; leaves alternate, 3-foliate, leaflets elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 8 13 mm long, acuminate, gland dots inconspicuous; fruit a berry, diameter, on a stalk 3 7 mm long, 4-locular, tetragonal, rind hard; locally frequent in evergreen forest; 1,000 2,220 m. Mozambique, Malawi, and Zambia to D.R.C., Uganda, and Kenya. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(1): 201 (1963); White et al. (2001: 516). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Kasyaula and Zovochipolo Forests (Dowsett- Lemaire 1979: 316). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, without precise locality, 2,150 m, 1958, Robson 419 (BM, K, LISC, PRE, SRGH). Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. Fagara chalybea (Engl.) Engl. Deciduous shrub or small tree to 6 m tall, armed with reddish recurved spines 2 10 mm long; leaves pinnate with 2 5 pairs of leaflets, with pellucid gland dots, aromatic; in dry woodland on termite mounds; below 1,400 m. Zimbabwe to Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(1): 180 (1963). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999); Nkhonjera Hill, 1954, Chapman 184 (FHO). SALICACEAE Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. mucronata Salix hutchinsii Skan; Salix subserrata Willd. Small tree to 8 m tall, bark brown, fissured; leaves alternate, narrowly lanceolate, x 4 14 mm, dark green above, silvery white below, margins entire to serrate; flowers in pendulous racemes, yellowish; seeds fluffy; near and on the banks of streams and rivers, sometimes partially submerged, in bush land, and grassland; 600 2,200 m. Widespread, from Arabia, Egypt, and Ethiopia southwards to Namibia and South Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 9(6): 121 (1991). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 8 km E. of Nganda, by tributary of Wovwe River, 1972, Brummitt, Munthali & Synge WC137 (K, MAL, SRGH). SANTALACEAE Osiridicarpus schimperianus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) A.DC. Thesium schimperianum Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Osiridicarpus scandens Engl. Weak-stemmed scrambling shrub with long slender trailing stems; leaves alternate, elliptic, x 3 9 mm, becoming bract-like distally; flowers axillary, white to yellowish green, tubular; fruit round, 6 7 mm diameter, crowned with the persistent perianth; scrambling in bush clumps, montane scrub, and forest margins; 1,600 2,200 m. South Africa through eastern 256 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

13 Vepris stolzii Clausena anistata Teclea nobilis Toddalia asiatica Plants of the Nyika Plateau 257

14 Zanthoxylum chalybeum Salix mucronata subsp. mucronata Del. Maureen Church Thesium fastigiatum Osiridicarpus schimperianus 5 mm 1 mm Osyris quadripartita 258 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

15 SAPINDACEAE Africa to Ethiopia. Source. White et al. (2001: 520). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); Juniper Forest, 2000, Chikuni 515 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo, Dowsett-Lemaire 155 (White et al. 2001: 520). Osyris quadripartita Salzm. ex Decn. Osyris lanceolata Steudel & Hochst. ex A.DC.; Osyris compressa sensu White et al. (2001), non (Berg.) A.DC. (1857). Shrub or small tree 2 7 m tall, branchlets conspicuously ridged; leaves alternate, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, x mm, glabrous, glaucous; flowers small, in long-stalked axillary groups, yellow-green; fruit flaskshaped, ca 7 x 5 mm, red; in rocky areas in Brachystegia woodland, sometimes on forest edges; 1,400 2,350 m. South Africa to Namibia, Zambia, and northwards to Ethiopia. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, E. foot of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 97 (K, MAL, PRE); Juniper Forest, 2000, Chapama 213 (MAL). Thesium fastigiatum A.W.Hill Perennial shrublet with numerous stems from a woody rootstock, stems ca 300 mm tall, grooved, minutely hairy; stem leaves ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, apiculate; branch leaves subulate; flowers terminal or subterminal on the branches; fruit ovoid, with 5 prominent ribs. Mozambique and Malawi, but we have no modern references for this species and its current distribution and taxonomic status are uncertain. Source. F.T.A. 6(1): 427 (1913). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Thesium triflorum Thunb. ex L.f. Osyridocarpus linearifolius Engl.; Osyris angustifolia Baker Scandent shrub to 5 m tall (to 0.5 m in South Africa), with branches hanging down in masses; leaves broadly linear to linear-lanceolate; flowers in branched 3- to 7-flowered racemes, small, dull yellow or white; in woodland, riverine forest or evergreen thicket; 2,200 m. South Africa, S. Mozambique, Malawi (Nyika only) and Tanzania. Source. Brummitt (1972); Retief & Hermann (1997); White et al. (2001). Malawi. Nyika National Park, E. foot of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt, Munthali & Synge 162 (K, MAL, SRGH); E. side of Chelinda Valley, 1958, Robson & Fanshawe 642 (White et al. 2001: 521). Thesium whyteanum Rendle Slender glabrous shrub with branches to 300 mm long; leaves 25 mm or more long, linear-subulate to filiform, more or less terete and channelled in lower leaves, flat higher up; flowers axillary, single; fruit roundish, 10- ribbed. Malawi and Tanzania. We have no modern references of this species and therefore its distribution, as well as its current taxonomic status, is uncertain. Source. F.T.A. 6(1): 415 (1913). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Excluded species Thesium sp. Numerous erect stems to 200 mm from rootstock. No other information available. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, W. foot of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt, Munthali & Synge 38 (K, MAL). SAPINDACEAE Allophylus abyssinicus (Hochst.) Radlk. Tree to 25 m tall, bark smooth, grey-green; leaves 3-foliate, leaflets more or less of equal size or terminal leaflet twice as large as the laterals, minutely hairy when young, hairless with age, usually with hair tufts in the vein axils below; inflorescence to 80 mm long, usually branched; in montane and submontane forest, 1,400 2,200 m. Zimbabwe to Ethiopia and Sudan. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 314). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasyaula and Zovochipolo, Dowsett-Lemaire 357 (OXF). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Manyenjere, Kasoma and Chowo Forests, without collecting details (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985); Chowo Forest, White (White et al. 2001). Allophylus africanus P.Beauv. Chichewa: kandula, msawasawa, sangasi Shrub or small tree to 10 m, usually less; leaves 3-foliate, leaflets more or less equal or the terminal leaflet up to 1.5 times as long as the lateral pair, more or less hairless or with some hairs below, with tufts of hairs in some vein axils below; inflorescence branched, flowers white, cream or yellow; fruit 4 6 mm diameter, red when ripe; in riverine forest, woodland, thickets, and on termitaria. Throughout tropical Africa. A very variable species, sometimes divided into several species. The Nyika material approaches typical A. africanus. The fruit is edible; an infusion of the roots is used as a cure for colds and coughs. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1903, McClounie 29 (K); Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Allophylus chaunostachys Gilg Allophylus didymadenius Radlk.; Allophylus buchananii Gilg ex Radlk.; Allophylus richardsiae Exell Chichewa: mtsaule Shrub or small tree to 7 m tall; leaves 3-foliate, leaflets to 140 x 50 mm, margin shallowly to deeply serrate, both surfaces completely glabrous, rarely with tufts of hairs in the vein axils below; flowers small, in an elongate simple or branched inflorescence; in and on margins of montane and riverine forest; 1,300 2,300 m. South Africa (Mpumalanga), N.E. Zambia, E. D.R.C., and Malawi. Source. Brummitt (1972); White et al. (2001). Malawi. Nyika National Park, E. foot of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt, Munthali & Synge 86 (K, MAL); Mwanembwe, White (White et al. 2001); Juniper Forest, 2000, Chikuni 508 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Kangampande Mt. (Chowo Forest), 1952, White 2730 (BM, FHO, K). Allophylus congolanus Gilg Yao: mchochoko Shrub or small tree to 4 m tall, branchlets hairy; leaves 1-foliate or 3-foliate, lateral leaflets, when present, much smaller than the terminal leaflet, hairy on both surfaces; inflorescence to 110 mm long, unbranched; on forest margins, evergreen thicket, and forest regrowth. N. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., Tanzania, and Kenya. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Dodonaea angustifolia L.f. Chichewa: nandolo; Yao: mlaka, nkangamani Shrub or small tree 4 5 m tall, leaves alternate, hairless, but covered in a shiny sticky secretion; fruit a 2- to 4-winged capsule, reddish when ripe; on forest margins, in scrub, and in woodland; 0 2,000 m. Widespread throughout Africa from the Cape to W. Africa and Ethiopia; also in the Americas and New Zealand. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 5 km N.E. of Nganda, 1972, Synge 289 (K, MAL); Juniper Forest, 2000, Chikuni 505 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Kangampande Mountain (Chowo Forest), 1952, White 2571 (FHO, K). Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) Thwaites Evergreen tree to 10 m tall; leaves paripinnate, with ca 5 pairs of leaflets, Plants of the Nyika Plateau 259

16 SAPOTACEAE petiole and rachis markedly winged, wings tapering basally, fruit roundish, 5 8 mm diameter, green turning red; in riverine forest and mid-altitude evergreen forest; below 1,600 m on Nyika on the eastern escarpment. Zimbabwe to Ethiopia; also in Asia and the Pacific. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 362). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, N. Rukuru Falls (Chisanga Falls), 1,600 m, Dowsett- Lemaire 332 (White et al. 2001). Deinbollia nyikense Baker The type of this species is said to have been collected by Whyte both on the Nyika, and between Karonga and Kondowe (near Lake Malawi) in Baker (1897). It has subsequently been collected along Lake Malawi (600 m) in Excluded species SAPOTACEAE Paullinia pinnata L. Tumbuka: mkandanguku Liane to 12 m high, stems appearing to be 3 or 4 fused cylindric stems, bearing paired coiled tendrils arising from the end of the peduncles; leaves imparipinnate with 2 3 pairs of lateral leaflets, petiole and rachis winged; fruit a pear-shaped 3-lobed red capsule; in lowland and mid-altitude forest; 500 1,200 m. Widespread in tropical Africa, southwards to Zimbabwe; also in tropical America and Madagascar. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Mozambique (Flora zambesiaca 2(2): 522, 1966) and F.T.E.A. (Sapindaceae: 72, 1998) records it only from dry vegetation types from sea-level to 1,050 m. Whyte s record of it from the Nyika is almost certainly a mis-labelled specimen from that expedition and the epithet nyikense is therefore, sadly, misapplied. Chrysophyllum gorungosanum Engl. Chrysophyllum fulvum S.Moore Chichewa and Tumbuka: chifira, chifila; Sukwa: mufu Large evergreen tree, bole fluted in older trees, all parts milky; leaves alternate, more or less clustered at branch tips, oblanceolate to elliptic, entire, dark green above, densely silvery or russety below, pairs of prominent parallel veins; flowers small, axillary; fruit round to ellipsoid, russety red, milky fleshy, with 4 5 glossy blackish seeds; in montane and midaltitude rainforest, often as a common canopy species; 850 2,150 m. Zimbabwe northwards to Cameroon and Kenya. Timber is suitable for building and cabinet-making, but wastage occurs owing to the fluting. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); Kasyaula Forest, without collecting details (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 314). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Manyenjere, Kasoma, and Chowo Forests, without collecting details (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 314). Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn. Bequaertiodendron magalismontanum (Sond.) Heine & J.H.Hemsl. Chichewa: chiyira Small evergreen tree to 10 m tall, stem rather crooked, sap milky; leaves alternate, more or less grouped at branch tips, elliptic to oblanceolate, entire, dark green above, russety felted below, venation inconspicuous; flowers and fruit borne in clusters on the stem and older branches, flowers small, cream, fruit to 18 x 25 mm, red, edible; in riverine forest and on rocky hillsides in woodland; 700 1,800 m. Widespread in southern and tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chisanga Falls, Dowsett-Lemaire 375 (White et al. 2001). Manilkara discolor (Sond.) J.H.Hemsl. Mimusops discolor (Sond.) Baill. Chichewa: mpasa, mtanga; Tumbuka: sundwe; Yao: mkalala Evergreen tree 3 30 m, all parts milky; leaves tending to be clustered at branch tips, alternate, elliptic to obovate, entire, apex notched, upper surface dark green, glabrous, lower surface densely silvery hairy, venation faintly visible; flowers small, yellow, in axillary clusters; fruit to 13 x 8 mm, hairy, hairless and yellow when ripe, edible; in drier types of montane forest on rocky slopes and in riverine forest; 950 1,800 m. South Africa to Tanzania and Kenya. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, below Chisanga Falls, 1,600 1,800 m, without collecting details (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 361). Mimusops zeyheri Sond. SCROPHULARIACEAE Chichewa: mlerekeza, mndyanyande; Yao: mkapa Evergreen tree to 25 m tall, bark roughish, dark brown, all parts milky; leaves alternate, petiole 6 30 mm, lamina mostly elliptic, glossy above, matt, sometimes finely hairy below; flowers in axillary clusters, sweetly-scented; fruit an ellipsoid drupe, with a yellow skin, calyx prominent, edible; in riverine and ravine forest, on rocky hillsides, and on termitaria; 500 1,350 m. Widespread from South Africa to Angola, Zambia, and Tanzania. The unconfirmed Nyika collection below is presumably from one of the lowest altitude points in the northern Park. The fruit is edible and tasty, with a mealy pulp. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1997). Pouteria adolfi-friedericii (Engl.) A.Meeuse subsp. australis J.H.Hemsl. Aningeria adolfi-friedericii (Engl.) Robyns & G.C.C.Gilbert Large evergreen or semi-deciduous tree to 45 m tall, bole strongly buttressed, bark mottled grey, all parts milky; leaves alternate, narrowly elliptic to oblong-obovate, minutely pellucid gland-dotted, margins characteristically rolled under, glossy dark green above, lower surface with venation prominent, the veins with russety hairs; flowers in axillary clusters, yellowish, fruit ellipsoid, to 40 mm long, beaked, 1-seeded; a canopy or emergent species of evergreen montane forest; 1,400 2,200 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia (Nyika only) and Tanzania. The species as a whole extends to D.R.C. and Ethiopia. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasyaula and Zovochipolo Forests, without collecting details (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 314). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Manyenjere, Kasoma, and Chowo Forests, without collecting details (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 314). Synsepalum cerasiferum (Welw.) T.D.Penn. Chrysophyllum cerasiferum (Welw.) Hiern; Afrosersalisia cerasifera (Welw.) Aubrév. ex Heine Evergreen tree to 25 m, bole deeply fluted lower down, bark grey, longitudinally fissured, scaly; leaves alternate, x mm, glabrous, lateral nerves obscure above, prominent below; flowers in dense clusters in leaf axils or below leaves; fruit a roundish berry to 20 x 25 mm diameter, seated on a prominent basal cupule and thick stalk; in low to mid-altitude evergreen forest; 500 1,600 m. Widespread in tropical Africa from Malawi and Mozambique to Guinea and Kenya. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, below Chisanga Falls, without collecting details (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 362). Alectra sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze var. monticola (Benth.) Hepper Alectra communis Hemsl. Erect annual mm tall, stems simple or branched, more or less appressed pubescent to subglabrous; leaves opposite, all petiolate, oblonglanceolate to lanceolate, hairy or not, base rounded to cuneate; flowers pale yellow to dull orange, calyx ciliate on the nerves and margins; in wet and moist grassland and in open woodland; up to 2,130 m. Widespread in tropical Africa; also through southern Asia to China and the Philippines. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 88 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Sangule Kopje, 8 km S.W. of Chelinda, 2,280 m, 1970, Brummitt (K). 260 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

17 Dodonaea viscosa Allophylus africanus 35 mm Filicium decipiens Paullinia pinnata Del. Julia Loken Plants of the Nyika Plateau 261

18 Chrysophyllum gorungosanum Englerophytum magalismontanum 8 mm Manilkara discolor Mimusops zeyheri 262 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

19 Synsepalum cerasiferum Pouteria adolfi-friedericii subsp. australis Alectra sessiliflora var. senegalensis 8 mm 2 mm 10 mm 10 mm Buchnera cryptocephala var. cryptocephala Del. Christine Grey-Wilson Crepidorhopalon goetzei 8 mm Plants of the Nyika Plateau 263

20 SCROPHULARIACEAE Alectra sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze var. senegalensis (Benth.) Hepper Alectra senegalensis Benth. As for var. monticola, but with the stem densely pubescent with coarse white hairs; leaves sessile or petiolate, lower leaves truncate, rounded or cordate, lamina ovate to almost circular; in wet grassland, Brachystegia woodland, streamsides, and lake shores; 0 2,280 m. Botswana and Zimbabwe northwards throughout tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 88 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 8 km E. of Nganda by Wovwe R., 1972, Brummitt, Munthali & Synge WC145 (K). Buchnera capitata Benth. Erect annual herb mm tall, stems simple, rarely branched above, shortly hairy or hairless; leaves opposite, alternate above, oblong-lanceolate to linear-obovate-oblong, x 2 14 mm, subamplexicaul, margins entire to crenate, hispid-scabrid; flowers in terminal, roundish clusters, usually white, occasionally blue, tube hairy without; in swamps, bogs, and marshy grassland; 900 1,800 m. Widespread in tropical Africa; also in Madagascar. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 100 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, nr Mwanembwe Forest, 1981, Salubeni 3067 (SRGH); Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Buchnera crassifolia Engl. Erect annual herb mm, stems mostly branched above, with pale brown hairs; leaves more or less opposite, 8 35 x 1 4 mm, oblong-elliptic to narrowly oblong-ovate, glabrous, shortly ciliate; flowers compact, mm long, mauve to magenta, tube hairy without; a near-endemic, known only from submontane grasslands up to 2,400 m, in northern Malawi and the Mafinga Mountains of Zambia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 104 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 18 km W. of Nchenachena Mt., 2,400 m, 1952, White 2593 (BR, K). Buchnera cryptocephala (Baker) Philcox var. cryptocephala Erect annual herb mm tall, stems branched below, leafy throughout, scabrid; leaves opposite or alternate, x mm, ovateelliptic to oblong, 3- to 5-nerved, margins entire, hispid-scabrid; flowers terminal, in compact roundish heads, blue to purple, tube hairless without; in wet grassland, swamps, and woodland; 600 2,300 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 99 (1990). Malawi. Nyika National Park, between Kasaramba and Chelinda, 1967, Hilliard & Burtt 4413 (E, K); Mbuzinandi, 2000, Mwanyambo 586 (MAL); Dembo Bridge, 2000, Thera 3003 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 2,000 m, 1952, White 2783 (K). Buchnera lastii Engl. subsp. lastii Philcox Buchnera similis Skan; Buchnera tuberosa Skan Erect annual or perennial herbs mm tall, stems simple or with spreading branches, from a woody rootstock, minutely hairy; leaves more or less opposite, 7 35 x mm, lanceolate to linear lanceolate, hairless above, hairy or not below; flowers in long slender spikes mm long, white, cream, yellow, brown or reddish purple, fragrant, tube hairless without; in montane grassland. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, and Zambia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 115 (1990) Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1955, Lees 57 (K). Buchnera lastii Engl. subsp. pubiflora Philcox As for subsp. lastii, but with the flower spikes mm long and the flower (corolla) tube hairy without; on hillsides and in montane grassland on rich or poor, rocky or sandy soils; 1,500 2,300 m. Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. 264 Plants of the Nyika Plateau Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 115 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, ca 29 km S.E. of Kasaramba Road, 2,400 m, 1976, Pawek (K). Buchnera nitida Skan Erect annual herb mm tall, stems woody, much-branched, from a woody base, minutely hairy; leaves opposite, with small leafy branches in the axils, x mm, linear-lanceolate, glabrous to slightly glossy; flowers in few-flowered spikes, pinkish-mauve to white, tube hairless without; habitat not recorded. Near-endemic, known only from the Nyika Plateau and the Mafinga mountains in Zambia, a short distance to the N. of Nyika. McClounie collected the type on his survey of northern Malawi in September 1903 and it is assumed to have been collected on Nyika, which he crossed during this period. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 105 (1990). Malawi. Without locality (see notes above), 1903, McClounie 123 (K, holo.). Buchnera nuttii Skan Erect perennial shrublet to 1.5 m tall, stems branched in upper parts, branches spreading, hispid-scabrid-pilose; leaves more or less opposite, x 2 10 mm, lanceolate, entire to toothed, hairy to hispid-scabrid; flowers in dense axillary heads to 40 x 25 mm, white, occasionally lavender, with a bluish tube, lobes bordered mauve or blue, tube hairless without; in grassland and miombo woodland; 1,300 1,980 m. Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, and Kenya. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 100 (1990). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Buchnera peduncularis Brenan Erect annual herb mm tall, stems slender, usually simple, glabrous; leaves opposite, 6 20 x 05 4 mm, oblong-lanceolate, entire, hairy above, scabrid-hispid below; flowers in more or less cylindric spikes 5 15 mm long, blue to mauve or purple; in Brachystegia woodland, open grasslands, and sandy areas; 1,200 1,350 m. Known also from D.R.C. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 102 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Nchenachena, 1,340 m, 1946, Brass (K, holo., BR, NY, SRGH, iso.). Buchnera quadrifaria Baker Erect annual herb mm, stems simple or not, quadrangular, glabrous or scabrid on angles; leaves opposite or alternate, 5 14 x mm, linear to subulate, glabrous or scabrid; flowers in broad quadrangular spikes mm long, blue to purple or white, tube glabrous or glandular; in bogs, marshes, and damp grassland, also open woodland; 1,250 2,300 m. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., Burundi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 103 (1990) Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality, 6,000 7,000, 1896,Whyte 146 (K); Juniper Forest edge, 7,300, 1969, Pawek 2094 (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1966, Fanshawe 9743 (K, SRGH); S. of Zambian Rest House, 1989, Goyder, Pope & Radcliffe-Smith 3250 (K). Buchnera randii S.Moore Erect annual herb mm tall, stems slender, simple or branched above, hairy-hispid; basal leaves (where present) ovate to obovate-oblong, to 35 x 15 mm, cauline leaves opposite, narrowly linear to linear-obovate, 9 70 x 3 12 mm, entire to toothed, hispid; flowers in terminal or lateral spikes 5 38 mm long, pale blue to purple, or white, tube hairy without; in grassland or open woodland; 600 1,650 m. South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 106 (1990). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Buchnera rungwensis Engl. Erect annual herb mm tall, stems more or less simple, one to several from a rootstock, hairy; leaves opposite, x mm, narrowly elliptic-ovate, hairless above, densely hairy below; flowers in compact spikes mm long, pale lilac to mauve or purple, tube shortly

21 SCROPHULARIACEAE hairy without; in montane grassland; 1,800 2,750 m. Known only from northern Malawi and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 105 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, between Kasaramba and Chelinda, 1967, Hilliard & Burtt 4411 (K). Buchnera speciosa Skan Perennial woody herb or shrub m tall, branches more or less opposite, spreading; leaves more or less opposite, x mm, lanceolate to oblanceolate, narrowed to a petiole-like base, white-hairy on both surfaces; flowers in long spikes to 300 mm long, white, tube hairless without; in grassland (especially in wetter areas), montane and open woodland, and swamp forests; from 975 2,150 m. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 120 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1896, Whyte s.n. (K, lecto.). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, ca 4 km from Rest House, 2,150 m, 1958, Robson 257 (BM, K, LISC, SRGH). Buchnera trilobata Skan Erect annual herb mm tall, stems simple, rarely branched above, hispid; leaves opposite, cauline leaves lanceolate to elliptic, scabrid-hispid, basal leaves (where present) roundish with a pseudopetiole; flowers in spikes 5 25 mm long, pink, pinkish purple to mauve or white, tube hairy without; in montane grassland and miombo woodland; to 2,500 m. Known only from Malawi and Zambia. Source. Brummitt (1973); Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 102 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1903, McClounie 55 (K, lecto.); head of Mondwe Valley, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 240 (K, MAL, PRE); 4 km W.N.W. of Muzengapakweru, 2,285 m, 1972, Synge WC307 (BR, K, SRGH). Crepidorhopalon goetzei (Engl.) Eb.Fisch. Torenia goetzei (Engl.) Hepper; Craterostigma goetzei Engl.; Torenia brevifolia Engl. & Pilger Straggly creeping or ascending perennial herb, stems 4-angled, hairless; leaves opposite, sessile, 5 17 x 3 15 mm, ovate to ovate-oblong, 3- to 5- nerved, margins subentire to shallowly toothed; flowers few in lax spikelike racemes, calyx glabrous, nerves winged, corolla blue to purple; in marshes, bogs, and streamsides; 670 2,255 m. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., Burundi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 59 (1990); Lebrun & Stork 4: 428 (1997). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Lake Kaulime, 1958, Robson & Angus 281 (BM, K, LISC, SRGH); 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6862 (MAL, PRE). Zambia. Nyika National Park, near Govt. Rest House, 1959, Richards (BR, K). Crepidorhopalon insularis (Skan) Eb.Fisch. Lindernia insularis Skan Erect to spreading annual, simple or branched, stems 4-sided; leaves opposite, more or less sessile, 8 18 x mm, broadly ovate to elliptic-oblong, margins more or less entire to shortly dentate; flowers in lax terminal or terminal racemes, stalks mm long, corolla yellow, orange or white; in open grassland and woodlands, on wet sandy or peaty soils; up to 1,700 m. Zimbabwe and Mozambique to Malawi, Zambia, Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 63 (1990); Lebrun & Stork 4: 428 (1997). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Cycnium adonense E.Mey. ex Benth. Prostrate to erect perennial herb with a woody tuber, stems, leaves and calyx hispid-scabrid or hairy; flowers single or in racemes, white, aging to pink and dark purple, showy; in montane grasslands, open woodlands, forest edges, and occasionally streamsides; 610 2,400 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 140 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 7 km N.W. of Lake Kaulime, 2,135 m, 1970, Brummitt (K); Runyina River, 2000, Phiri 3814 (UZL). Zambia. Near Zambian Rest House, 7,500, 1967, Richards (UZL). Diclis ovata Benth. Prostrate annual herb, stems minutely pubescent; leaves petiolate, broadly ovate, shallowly dentate to denticulate, sparsely and minutely pubescent to more or less hairless above, somewhat hairier below; flowers axillary, single, white to cream, spur straight, (1.8) mm long; a weed of cultivation, damp woodland tracks, riversides, and occasionally open savannas; 750 2,400 m. Zimbabwe and Mozambique to Angola, W. Africa, Ethiopia, and Sudan; also in Madagascar and the Mascarenes. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 12 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kafwimba Forest, 1,875 m, 1973, Pawek 6694 (K); Fingira Rock, 2000, Winter 4231 (MAL). Diclis tenella Hemsl. Prostrate or creeping annual herb, stems softly villous; leaves petiolate, very broadly ovate to roundish, margins coarsely serrate-dentate, villous above and below; flowers solitary, axillary, white to pale pinkish, spur distinctly curved, 2 8 mm long; in grassland and forested areas, in shelter of rock overhangs, cave mouths, and rock crevices; 850 1,900 m. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 12 (1990). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). *Digitalis purpurea L. foxglove Tall biennial or perennial herb to 1 m or more, basal leaves long petiolate, lanceolate-ovate, mm long; flowers in a raceme of flowers, corolla mm long, 4-lobed, pale purple (occasionally white), spotted with crimson; a naturalised weed, escaped from cultivation. Native to Europe and the Mediterranean region. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 77 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chelinda area, 2,250 m, 1967, Richards (K). Gerardiina angolensis Engl. Annual or perennial herb mm tall, stems simple, 4-angled; leaves opposite, erect or appressed to stem, x mm, linear-lanceolate, scabrid, margins entire; flowers opposite at apex of stems, bracteate, bell-shaped, mm long, pink to purple or blue, occasionally white; riversides, wet grassland, and open forest; 1,200 2,350 m. South Africa to Angola, D.R.C., Burundi, and Tanzania. Gerardiina is a monotypic genus confined to tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 156 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Lake Kaulime, 2,250 m, 1959, Richards (BR, K). Graderia scabra (L.f.) Benth. Erect to procumbent perennial herb from a woody rootstock, stems branching near base, 4-angled above; leaves more or less opposite or alternate, 1 22 x 4 17 mm, scabrid-hispid; flowers axillary, funnel-shaped, purple, mauve or pink, 5-lobed; in montane grassland; 1,500 2,400 m. From South Africa along the eastern mountain chain to Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 151 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasaramba, 2,250 m, 1967, Richards (K). Halleria lucida L. Small tree or shrub to 10 m tall, bark brown, longitudinally fissured, young stems reddish; leaves x mm, glabrous, dark green above, paler below; flowers in clusters in old leaf axils, on branches or on stems, orange-yellow to brownish red, tube curved, mm long; fruit a round berry mm diameter, reddish to purplish when ripe, flesh with many black seeds; in montane forest, on forest margins, in secondary forest growth, and in riverine forest; 1,400 2,450 m. From South Africa to Angola, Ethiopia, and Yemen. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 16 (1990); White et al. (2001: 549). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 4 km W.N.W. Muzengapakweru, 2,210 m, 1972, Synge WC318 (K, SRGH); Juniper Forest, Lawton 1296 (White et al. 2001). Hedbergia abyssinica (Hochst. ex Benth.) Molau Bartsia abyssinica Hochst. ex Benth.; Alectra abyssinica (Benth.) A.Rich.; Plants of the Nyika Plateau 265

22 Diclis tenella Del. Christine Grey-Wilson Digitalis purpurea Del. Christine Grey-Wilson Limosella australis Del. Christine Grey-Wilson Gerardiina angolensis Del. Christine Grey-Wilson Graderia scabra Del. Christine Grey-Wilson 266 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

23 Hedbergia abyssinica Del. Christine Grey-Wilson Halleria lucida Lindernia nummulariifolia Melasma calycinum Del. Christine Grey-Wilson Cycnium adonense Plants of the Nyika Plateau 267

24 SCROPHULARIACEAE Erect or scrambling perennial herb from a woody rootstock, with several much-branched hairy stems; leaves opposite, more or less sessile, thick, rigid, spreading, 3 12 x 1 2 mm, margins serrate to crenate; flowers single, alternate, axillary, white to pale pink or purplish, bell-shaped, equally 5-lobed; in open grasslands or on forest margins; 2,150 2,440 m. Nyika Plateau northwards to Nigeria, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Kenya. A monotypic genus confined to tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 156 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, below Sangule Kopje, 7 km S.W. of Chelinda Camp, 2,255 m, 1970, Brummitt (K, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near source of Chire River, 2,135 m, 1952, White 2748 (K). No country given. 1955, Lees 72 (UZL). Limosella australis R.Br. Limosella subulata Ives Small creeping or submerged tufted amphibious herb; leaves cylindrical or subulate (awl-shaped), x mm; flowers white, blue beneath, on stalks 5 35 mm long; fruit a round capsule mm diameter; in shallow lakes or on muddy lakesides; up to 2,340 m in the Flora zambesiaca area. Zimbabwe and Malawi; also in N. America, Europe, Australia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 73 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Lake Kaulime, 2,150 m, 1958, Robson & Angus 320 (K, LISC, SRGH). Lindernia nummulariifolia (D.Don) Wettst. Erect annual herb mm tall, stems simple or basally branched; leaves subsessile, ovate, ovate to round, 9 15 x 5 13 mm, margins serrate to crenate, lower surface with a few hairs; flowers single in axils, stalks 3 14 mm long, corolla blue to violet, ca 6 mm long; fruit a round to cylindric, beaked capsule; on wet soils in marshes and riversides, in crevices on granite outcrops; up to 1,600 m. From Zimbabwe through much of tropical Africa; also through southern Asia to China. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 65 (1990). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); Dembo Bridge, 2000, Winter 4032 (MAL, PRE, UZL). Melasma calycinum (Hiern) Hemsl. Velvitsia calycina Hiern Erect perennial herb to 0.75 m tall, stems leafy, simple, rarely branched; leaves opposite, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, x 7 28 mm, margins crenate to toothed or lobed, hispid-scabrid on both surfaces; flowers alternate or clustered terminally, yellow to orange or white with reddish or purplish veining, 5-lobed; in swamps, marshes, and wet grassland along rivers; 1,200 2,250 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, and Angola. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 84 (1990). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (Hochst.) Benth. Macrosiphon fistulosus Hochst. Erect, branched annual herb mm tall; leaves pinnatisect, the segments filiform, less than 1 mm wide; flowers solitary, stalk 9 long, corolla white, cream, pale pink or pale blue, 5-lobed, with a tube mm long; on peaty soils over sheetrock, on or between rocks in shallow, slowrunning rivers or streams, but more frequently near rivers and in grassy swamps; 600 1,750 m. Widespread from W. Africa, Chad, and Sudan, through Central and E. Africa S. to South Africa; also in Madagascar, New Guinea, and Australia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 135 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1903, McClounie 96 (K). Sibthorpia europaea L. Sibthorpia prostrata Salisb.; Sibthorpia europaea var. africana Hook.; Sibthorpia australis Hutch. Prostrate, creeping herb, rooting at nodes, all parts hairy; leaves roundish, deeply cordate, 5 15 mm diameter, petioles 5 30 mm long; flowers single, small, in leaf axils, stalks 2 5 mm long, corolla to 2 mm long, yellow to purple; on streamsides, river-banks, and moist areas, usually in shade; up to 2,150 m. Zimbabwe and Zambia; also in Europe and the Azores, and 268 Plants of the Nyika Plateau from Ethiopia to Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 75 (1990). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, below Rest House on path to N. Rukuru (Chisanga) Waterfall, 2,150 m, 1958, Robson 402 (K). Sopubia eminii Engl. Sopubia trifida sensu Skan in F.T.A. Delicate erect, scabrid, annual herb, stems simple to much-branched basally, obscurely angled; upper leaves undivided with the lower leaves trifid or 5-fid; flowering stalks 5 9 mm long, flowers yellow or white with a purple centre, calyx lobe margins only slightly woolly; in woodland, grassy places, and hillsides; up to 2,300 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 146 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, S. of Chelinda above Mwenyenyesi Dam, 2,200 2,300 m, 1977, Grosvenor & Renz 1126 (K, SRGH). Sopubia karaguensis Oliv. var. karaguensis Sopubia welwitschii Engl. var. micrantha Engl.; Sopubia fastigiata Hiern Erect robust perennial herb to 1 m tall, stems pubescent to long-pilose or more or less hairless; leaves undivided or 3- to 5-fid, often with smaller leaves in axils, hairy and scabrid; flowering stalks mm long, flowers pink, mauve or purple, outer calyx densely woolly, 6 11 mm long; in damp areas; up to 1,450 m. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 149 (1990). Malawi. Nyika National Park, near base of Nganda mountain, 1977, Grosvenor & Renz 1155 (K, SRGH); Mbuzinandi, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6813 (MAL); without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Sopubia mannii Skan var. mannii (Engl. & Gilg) Hepper Erect, rigid, scabrid branched herb m tall, stems very leafy, arising from a woody rootstock; leaves linear to filiform, undivided, closely arranged on stem, midrib often obscure; flowering stalk 2 10 mm long, flowers pink to mauve to purple, calyx hairy; in grassland; 1,500 2,600 m. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Tanzania, Ivory Coast, and Cameroon. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 144 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Nganda Peak, 2,600 m, 1969, Pawek 2074 (K). Sopubia mannii Skan var. tenuifolia (Engl. & Gilg) Hepper Sopubia dregeana var. tenuifolia Engl. & Gilg; Sopubia trifida forma humilis Engl. & Gilg As for var. mannii, but with the leaves undivided or 3- to 5-fid, more openly arranged, and the flowering stalks mm long; in wet and dry grassland, bordering rivers, and among rocks; 1,000 2,500 m. Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Botswana northwards to Angola, Zambia, Uganda, and Kenya; also in Sierra Leone. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 145 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 25.6 km E. of Rest House, 2,438 m, 1957, Boughey 1635 (K). Sopubia ramosa (Hochst.) Hochst. Sopubia similis Skan in F.T.A. Erect, scabrid, much-branched perennial shrublet, stems branching, densely hairy; leaves linear to lanceolate, undivided or trifid, scabrid, midrib prominent below; flowering stalks mm long; flowers pink, lilac or lavender, calyx shortly scabrid-pubescent without; on forest margins, in open woodland or grassy hillsides and plains; from almost sea level in Mozambique to over 2,200 m. Zimbabwe and Mozambique, though Central and W. Africa, to Sudan and Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 145 (1990). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dembo Bridge, 2000, Thera 3002 (MAL); Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Mwanyambo 482 (MAL). Zambia. Lundazi District, Nyika Plateau, Kangampande Mt. (Chowo area), 2,130 m, 1952, White 2743 (BR, K). Sopubia simplex (Hochst.) Hochst. Sopubia dregeana Benth., nom. illeg.

25 Sibthorpia europaea Del. Christine Grey-Wilson Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Del. Christine Grey-Wilson Striga asiatica Sopubia mannii var. mannii 10 mm 7 mm Veronica abyssinica Del. Christine Grey-Wilson Plants of the Nyika Plateau 269

26 SELAGINACEAE Erect perennial herb to 450 mm tall, stems several, from a woody base, angled, many-ribbed; leaves few, narrowly linear, undivided, more or less appressed to the stem; flowers pink, pale mauve or lilac, flowering stalk 6 13 mm long, calyx verrucose to hispid, lobes woolly on margins only; mostly in burnt or moist grassland, river-banks, swamps or marshes; 600 2,280 m. From South Africa northwards throughout most of tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 144 (1990). Malawi. Nyika National Park, 6 miles S.W. of Rest House, 2,150 m, 1958, Robson & Angus 362 (K); Domwe Viewpoint, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6796 (MAL); Juniper Forest area, 2,250 m, 1967, Richards (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, without locality, 2,100 m, 1955, Lees 103 (K). Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze Sparsely branched herb mm tall, branching from above the middle, densely glandular-sticky; leaves ascending, 8 16 mm long, <1 mm wide; flowers a spike, opposite or alternate, corolla scarlet on inside, yellowish Excluded species on outside; fruit a capsule 7 x 2 mm; a parasite on the roots of grasses, including cereals such as maize. Tropical Africa eastwards to China; introduced to N. America. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Thazima Gate, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6822 (PRE). Veronica abyssinica Fresen. Prostrate annual herb with trailing or ascending branches, often rooting at nodes, stems hollow, hairy; leaves opposite, petiolate, x mm, coarsely serrate-crenate; flowers in axillary racemes, blue, 6 7 m long; in damp grassland, forest margins and clearings, and roadsides; up to 2,400 m. Zimbabwe northwards through much of tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 63 (1990) Malawi. Nyika Plateau, ca 29 km S. of Chilindi (Chelinda), 1977, Phillips 2296 (K, SRGH); Dembo Bridge, 2000, Winter 4033 (MAL, PRE); Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Buchnera henriquesii Engl. A western species recorded from Angola, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, not occurring in Malawi. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 123 (1990). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Buchnera ruwenzoriensis Skan This species is only recorded from Zambia (Mufulira and Mbala) from within the Flora zambesiaca region (Philcox in Flora zambesiaca 1990). Because Philcox s review was carried out after Mill s work, it is assumed that this record was found to belong to a different species. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 108 (1990). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Crepidorhopalon bifolius (Skan) Eb.Fisch. Lindernia bifolia Skan This species is differentiated from L. insularis only with difficulty. (Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 64, 1990), and, since Crepidorhopalon (Lindernia) bifolius is only recorded from Zambia and, since we have no way of confirming the identity of this record, it is here excluded as a possible misidentification. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 63 (1990); Lebrun & Stork 4: 428 (1997). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Halleria elliptica Thunb. Both Flora zambesiaca (1990) and White et al. (2001) indicate that this species northernmost occurrence is Mt. Mulanje in southern Malawi and, since we have not been able to confirm the identity of this record, it is excluded here. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Sopubia angolensis Engl. This species is known only from Zimbabwe and Angola (Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 147, 1990) and it seems likely that this record represents a misidentification. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). SELAGINACEAE Hebenstretia angolensis Rolfe Perennial shrublet with erect much-branched stems m tall; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, margins entire or slightly toothed, glabrous; flowers in spikes, white with orange or red-brown in the throat; in montane and submontane grassland; to 3,000 m. Ethiopia and Eritrea southwards through E. Africa to South Africa and Angola. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 163 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1967, Salubeni 720 (K, LISC, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near source of Chire River, 1952, White 2564 (K). Hebenstretia comosa Hochst. Hebenstretia elongata Bolus ex Rolfe; Hebenstretia comosa var. integrifolia Rolfe Perennial shrublet with simple erect stems (or branching from the base) mm tall; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, margins entire or toothed above, glabrous; flowers in spikes, white with an orange throat; in montane grassland; 1,350 2,450 m. South Africa northwards through Zimbabwe and Mozambique to the Nyika Plateau, its northernmost limit. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 163 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Mupopo Area, 2,250 m, 1967, Richards (K, P). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near Chelinda, 2,135 m, 1955, Lees 118 (K, UZL). Selago caerulea Rolfe Selago tenuicaulis Rolfe; Selago thomsonii Rolfe var. caerulea (Rolfe) Brenan Perennial shrublet with several tufted hairy stems mm long, from a woody rootstock; leaves alternate, fascicled, elliptic, margins entire, hairy and gland-dotted; inflorescence a small compact round-topped panicle; flowers lavender blue; probably among rock in montane grassland, but information lacking. A near-endemic, known only from Nyika, between Mpata and the commencement of the Tanganyika Plateau, and possibly the Viphya. Source. Hilliard (1999: 231). Malawi. Summit of Nyika Plateau, 7,000, 1896, Whyte 145 (K, holo., E, SAM, iso.). Selago viscosa Rolfe Selago maclouniei Rolfe [Type: Nyika, Panda Peaks, McClounie 139 (K, lecto.)]; Selago laticorymbosa Gilli; Selago thomsonii sensu Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 170 (1999). Perennial shrublet with stout hairy stems m tall; leaves fascicled, spreading, oblanceolate to elliptic, margins entire or with a few teeth; inflorescence a large loose round-topped panicle to 300 mm diameter, flowers in shades of lavender blue; montane grassland on forest margins, among rocks, marshy hollows, road verges, and firebreaks; 1,065 2,530 m. S.W. Tanzania, Nyika Plateau, and perhaps the Viphya. The commonest Selago on the Nyika. The name S. thomsonii var. thomsonii, which has been widely used on the Nyika, is a species confined to E. Africa. Source. Hilliard (1999: 232). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 2,400 m, 1946, Brass (BM, K, SRGH); western slopes of Nganda, 2,530 m, 1972, Brummitt & Synge WC60 (K, PRE, SRGH); Mpopoti Hill, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6790 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika, 1962, Lawton 918 (K, SRGH). 270 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

27 Hebenstretia angolensis Del. Christine Grey-Wilson Selago thyrsoidea Del. Christine Grey-Wilson Physalis peruviana Brucea antidysenterica Plants of the Nyika Plateau 271

28 Selago thyrsoidea Baker var. thyrsoidea Selago nyikensis Rolfe; Selago thyrsoidea Baker var. nyikensis (Rolfe) Brenan Suffrutex with several tufted stems m tall, from a woody rootstock; leaves sharply ascending, more or less fascicled, linear to oblanceolate, apex acute, margin entire; flowers in few-flowered racemes, pale to deep violetblue, bracts oblong-lanceolate, hairy; in montane grassland, often among rocks; 2,100 2,450 m. A near-endemic, known only from the Nyika Plateau and the Mafinga Hills. Source. Flora zambesiaca 8(2): 171 (1990); Hilliard (1999: 222). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 7,000, 1896, Whyte 144 (K, holo.); road from Chelinda to Kasaramba, just past Chelinda Bridge turning, 2,410 m, 1970, Brummitt (K); Chelinda Falls, 1981, Salubeni 3061 (E, MO, SRGH); Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Mwanyambo 538 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika, without locality, 1966, Fanshawe 9735 (K, SRGH). SIMAROUBACEAE SIMAROUBACEAE Brucea antidysenterica J.F.Mill Trichilia siderotricha Chiov. Small, sparsely-branched tree to 6 m tall, twigs with prominent leaf-scars and golden-brown hairs; leaves alternate, imparipinnate, with 3 5 pairs of leaflets, leaflets hairy above and below, margins wavy; flowers in small clusters widely spaced along an axillary spike; fruit in clusters, red; in SOLANACEAE understorey of montane rainforest; 1,400 2,200 m. Malawi and Zambia northwards to W. Africa and Ethiopia. Rare on Nyika. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(1): 212 (1960); Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 390). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasyaula and Zovochipolo Forests (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Kasoma Forest (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985). *Physalis peruviana L. Cape gooseberry; Chichewa: ntongo, jamu Perennial herb or shrublet to 0.9 m; leaves more or less opposite, ovatetriangular, ca 100 x 60 mm, softly hairy, very shallowly toothed or lobed, petiole to 25 mm; flowers solitary, axillary, conical, mustard yellow; fruit a greenish to yellow berry completely enclosed by a papery calyx to 30 mm long; a weed of disturbed areas, roadsides, and fallow land, sometimes cultivated. A native of S. America, now widespread in much of Africa. The ripe fruit is edible, tasty, and often used to make jam or a stewed dessert. Source. Banda & Morris (1986: 57). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. Shrub to ca 1.5 m tall, stems densely hairy and bearing many straight spines to 12 mm long; leaves ca 180 x 160 mm, deeply lobed, hairy and bearing slender spines to 15 mm long; flowers white, ca 16 x 30 mm, peduncle 0.5 mm long, pedicels ca 11 mm long; fruit round, pale yellow or whitish, streaked green, ca 35 mm diameter; in forest clearings and disturbed areas, often associated with pine plantations. Widespread throughout Africa; also in Brazil. Thought possibly to have been introduced to Africa several hundred years ago. Source. Bukenya & Carasco (1995: 51). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); road to Domwe Viewpoint, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6794 (MAL); road to Juniper Forest, 7,800, 1975, Pawek 9949 (White et al. 2001: 553). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Manyenjere, Kasoma, and Chowo Forests (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 323). Solanum anguivi Lam. Solanum indicum auctt., non L. Perennial shrub 2 5 m tall, stems with stellate hairs and some almost conical prickles; leaves elliptic-ovate, x mm, hairy, with or without a few prickles, sinuate to shallowly lobed, base truncate to cordate; flowers white, ca 10 x 10 mm; fruit small, round, in clusters, shiny, orange or red when ripe; in montane forest, secondary montane scrub, disturbed areas in shade. Widespread in Africa; also in Madagascar and India. Grown in tropical Africa for its fruit. Some authors have recognized a number of subspecies. Source. Brummitt (1973); Bukenya & Carasco (1995: 54). Malawi. Nyika National Park, forest 4 km W. of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 74 (K, MAL, SRGH, FHO, EA); road to Domwe, 2000, Winter 4084 (MAL, PRE); Mpopoti Hill, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6787 (MAL). *Solanum mammosum L. Shrub to 1.5 m tall, stems densely hairy, with slightly recurved prickles 5 mm long; leaves ca 110 x 90 mm, lobed to about half the width of the leaf, hairy on both sides, with prickles on midrib and veins; flowers ca 12 mm long, violet to blue; fruit to 50 mm wide,?yellow, bearing a terminal nipple ; in disturbed habitats or cultivated. Native to the Caribbean region, cultivated as a medicine or as a cockroach poison. Poisonous if eaten. Source. Bukenya & Carasco (1995: 51). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). *Solanum nigrum L. Solanum guineense (L.) Lam.; Solanum suffruticosum Schousb. ex Willd. black nightshade; Chichewa: mnadzi; Yao: mnesi; Tumbuka: msaka, musaka Erect branched annual herb m tall, completely without prickles; leaves alternate, ovate-elliptic, margin entire or lobed, glabrous; flowers stellate, 8 18 mm diameter, white with yellow centre; fruit round, purplish to black when ripe, peduncles erect to spreading, pedicels much shorter than the peduncles, recurved; a weedy plant of disturbed areas. Regarded as indigenous to Eurasia, but possibly also natural in Africa. The leaves are cooked as ndiwo (a vegetable); the ripe berries are eaten, but the green berries are regarded as poisonous. Source. Bukenya & Carasco (1995: 46). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6773 (MAL). Solanum panduriforme E.Mey. apple of Sodom, bitter apple; Chichewa: nthula, mathika, ntunduwele; Yao: ntungwisa Spiny perennial shrubby herb to 1.2 m; leaves simple, alternate, to 125 x 60 mm, oblong-lanceolate, sinuate, undersurface densely hairy, few spines along midrib below; flowers cup-shaped, lilac to purple; fruit a yellow or orange berry to 70 mm diameter, poisonous; a weed, often an indicator of overgrazing, in disturbed areas, roadsides. Eastern and Central Africa; also in Arabia and India. Roots used to treat boils; the fruit is also used medicinally, used to cure mange on dogs. Source. J. Williamson (1975: 216); Banda & Morris (1986: 142). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Solanum schumannianum Dammer Solanum ulugurense Dammer; Solanum subulatum C.H.Wright Shrub or small tree to 4 m tall, stems unarmed, but usually with bristly hairs; leaves to 140 x 50 mm, lanceolate-elliptic, acute to acuminate, entire, undersurface more or less hairless; flowers white, fruit ca 10 mm diameter; in light shade in forest or on forest margins. Malawi, Tanzania, and Kenya. Source. White et al. (2001: 554). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Zovochipolo, without collecting details (Dowsett- Lemaire 1985: 335). 272 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

29 Cola greenwayi var. greenwayi Solanum nigrum Hermannia tigreensis Dombeya burgessiae Plants of the Nyika Plateau 273

30 Strychnos lucens Melochia corchorifolia 3 mm 3,5 mm Ternstroemia polypetala Del. Mary Grierson Ficalhoa laurifolia 274 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

31 STERCULIACEAE STERCULIACEAE Cola greenwayi Brenan var. greenwayi Cola microcarpa Brenan Small understorey tree or canopy tree m tall, bole shallowly fluted; young leaves red, petiole to 55 mm long with a swollen, bent pulvinus just below the lamina, set with brown hairs, leaves elliptic to oblanceolate, to 150 x 70 mm, hairless; in evergreen forest; 1,500 2,200 m. South Africa through Zambia and Malawi to Kenya. Source. White et al. (2001). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 1956, Chapman 294 (White et al. 2001). Dombeya burgessiae Gerrard ex Harv. Dombeya nyasica Exell; Dombeya johnstonii Baker; Dombeya lasiostylis K.Schum. Tumbuka: mnangali Sparsely branched shrub 2 4 m tall, branchlets densely hairy; leaves 3-lobed (rarely 5-lobed), margin coarsely serrate, hairy on both sides; flowers in several-flowered umbels, pink (sometimes white); on margins of montane forest, in forest regrowth, and in riverine vegetation; 800 2,200 m. South Africa to Angola, D.R.C., and Kenya. The bark of young shoots is used to make string. Source. Brummitt (1973); Seyani (1991). Malawi. Nyika National Park, E. foot of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 102 (K, MAL, SRGH, FHO). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, without precise locality, 1952, White 2568 (FHO). Dombeya kirkii Mast. Shrub to 2 m or a tree to 15 m tall; leaves unlobed to very shallowly 3- lobed, x mm, apex acuminate, margin variously toothed, sparsely hairy above, more densely below; flowers white, spreading widely at maturity; in low-altitude woodland, often along rivers. South Africa (Limpopo Province) to Ethiopia. In the Flora zambesiaca region this species is confined to hot, low-altitude bush, a vegetation type not associated with the Plateau. Seyani (1991) does not record D. kirkii from central or northern Malawi and this record should be regarded with some caution. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisimuka, 2001, without collecting details (Patel & Overton 2002: 33). Dombeya rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch. Chichewa: naduwa, nchiu, mchiu; Yao: chiwalika Tree to 9 m tall, usually deciduous, branches hairless; leaves roundish to ovate, more or less unlobed, base cordate, apex round, margin irregularly toothed, upper surface scabrid (sandpapery), lower surface finely hairy; flowers white, aging to brown; in various types of woodland. Widespread in southern and eastern Africa, from South Africa to Ethiopia. Seyani (1991) does not record this species from northern Malawi and this record should perhaps be regarded with some suspicion. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Dombeya torrida (J.F.Gmel.) Bamps subsp. erythroleuca (K.Schum.) Seyani Tree 7 20 m; leaves ovate, not lobed, narrowing gradually to a short point, margin finely serrate, upper surface somewhat scabrid, lower surface sparsely hairy; flowers white or pink, red-veined; in gaps or on margins of evergreen forests; 1,850 2,450 m. Zambia (Nyika Plateau), Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 1(2): 525 (1961); Brummitt (1972); Seyani (1991). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without precise locality, 1953, Chapman 116 (BR, FHO, K); 3 km E. of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 88 (K, MAL, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 3 km N. of Rest House, 1955, Lees 97 (K). Hermannia tigreensis Hochst. ex A.Rich. Branching annual herb to 300 mm tall, hairy throughout; leaves to 40 x 15 mm, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, thinly hairy on both sides; flowers single in leaf axils, petals yellow, 3 5 mm long; capsule 3 4 mm long, ovoidtruncate; in soil pockets in rocky outcrops and in riverine fringes. Zimbabwe to W. Africa and Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 1(2): 546 (1961). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Melochia corchorifolia L. Tonga: chibwathiko, chikondavu Erect annual herb to ca 2 m tall; leaves up to 70 x 45 mm, thinly hairy, at least on the veins below; flowers numerous, in dense terminal clusters, petals ca 8 mm long, white with yellow at the inner base; fruit a 5-valved capsule ca 5 mm diameter; usually a weed of cultivation. Circumtropical. Leaves eaten as a spinach and also used for smoking. Source. Flora zambesiaca 1(2): 535 (1961). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Mwenembwe, 1903, McClounie 135 (K). Excluded species Hermannia glanduligera K.Schum. Perennial herb or shrublet to 1 m tall; flowers pink to red; river-banks and open woodland, in hot, drier parts of the region. Like many of McClounie s collections, this would appear to be mislocated and was probably collected near Lake Malawi. Source. Flora zambesiaca 1(2): 545 (1961). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Mwenembwe, 1903, McClounie 73 (K). STRYCHNACEAE Strychnos lucens Baker Climbing shrub or liane 3 20 m high, branches with paired tendrils; leaves paired, narrowly ovate to elliptic, leathery, shining dark green, 3-veined from the base; flowers in axillary clusters; fruit hard, round, mm diameter, yellow/orange when ripe; in riverine forest or on rocky hills in moist woodlands; 0 1,700 m. Zimbabwe to Angola, D.R.C., and E. Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 7(1): 363 (1983); White et al. (2001: 343). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chisanga Falls, 1959, Robinson 3094 (BR, K, M, PRE, SRGH). THEACEAE Ficalhoa laurifolia Hiern Chichewa: m ndopi, ndopa; Tumbuka: mlunganya Large tree 6 45 m tall, bark reddish brown with deep longitudinal fissures; leaves alternate, lanceolate to ovate, margins finely serrated; flowers in loose clusters on twigs below the leaves; in evergreen rainforest, riverine forest, and streamsides; a dominant emergent in the eastern escarpment forests of Nyika; 1,350 1,800 m. Malawi, Zambia, and Angola to Uganda. Source. White et al. (2001). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chisanga Falls (White et al. 2001); eastern escarpment forests (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985). Ternstroemia polypetala Melchior Tree 8 12 m tall (in E. Africa) with a flattish crown; leaves borne in upright clusters; a canopy tree in mist forest and upland rainforest; in Plants of the Nyika Plateau 275

32 Nyamkhowa Forest of Nyika it is a 30 m tall emergent; 1,800 2,300 m. Northern Malawi (Nyika and Viphya), southern Tanzania (Ulugurus), and Cameroon. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire & White (1990); White et al. (2001). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Nyamkhowa Forest, Dowsett-Lemaire 526 (FHO); Kasaramba, 1953, Chapman 125 (FHO). THYMELAEACEAE THYMELAEACEAE Dais cotinifolia L. pompon tree Small to medium deciduous tree 3 10 m tall, bark grey, smoothish; leaves opposite, simple, elliptic, glabrous; flowers in terminal compact clusters, pink, showy; seeds developing in the bases of the old flowers; in or on margins of montane forest; 1,200 2,400 m. South Africa to Tanzania. A fine ornamental tree. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); near Nganda, 2,400 m, Dowsett-Lemaire 308 (White et al. 2001: 566). Gnidia chrysantha (Solms-Laub.) Gilg Gnidia flavus Rendle Shrubby suffrutex mm tall, with numerous sparsely-branched stems, petiole mm long; leaves alternate, linear to oblanceolate, midrib prominent below, hairless; flowers in a terminal head of flowers, flowering parts in 4s, calyx lobes brilliant yellow to red, petals absent; in seasonally wet grassland, montane grassland or wooded grassland; 400 2,100 m. Zimbabwe and Mozambique to Guinea, Sudan, and Ethiopia. Source. Brummitt (1973); F.T.E.A. Thymelaeaceae: 26 (1978). Malawi. Nyika National Park, half way from Nganda to Kawozya, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 167 (K). Gnidia fastigiata Rendle Shrublet to 400 mm tall; leaves alternate, sessile, linear-lanceolate, hairy; flowers 1 4 in leaf axils, pale blue, whitish or yellow, flowering parts in 4s, petals (6 )8, linear; in montane grassland on rocky hillsides, 1,000 3,000 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda. Source. Brummitt (1973); F.T.E.A. Thymelaeaceae: 21 (1978). Malawi. Nyika National Park, head of Mondwe Valley, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 247 (K). Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg Lasiosiphon glaucus Fresen. Large shrub or small tree to 15 m, with a spreading crown; leaves alternate or subopposite, lanceolate to oblanceolate, x 6, glaucousgreen, finely hairy near base, otherwise hairless; flowers in dense terminal heads, orange to golden yellow; frequent on margins of montane forest and in wooded montane grassland; 1,500 3,300 m. Malawi and Zambia northwards to Nigeria and Ethiopia. The largest member of the genus. Source. Brummitt (1973); F.T.E.A. Thymelaeaceae: 32 (1978). Malawi. Nyika National Park, N.W. foot of Nganda, 2,350 m, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 6 (K, MAL, FHO, BR, UPS, P); Juniper Forest, 1946, Brass (FHO); 1982, Chapman 6314 (FHO); without locality, 7,000, 1953, Chapman 118 (FHO). Gnidia goetzeana Gilg Erect shrublet to 1.5 m tall, normally single-stemmed from a taproot, branches with hairless red or brown bark; leaves subsessile, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate-linear, glaucous-green, hairless; flowers in terminal or axillary heads of flowers, whitish or yellow, flowering parts in 4s, petals filiform; in miombo woodland or wooded grassland; 800 1,800 m. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., Burundi, and Tanzania. Source. F.T.E.A. Thymelaeaceae: 23 (1978). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). TILIACEAE Gnidia involucrata Steud. ex A.Rich. Gnidia buchananii Gilg Shrublet to 1 m tall with numerous stems from a woody rootstock, stems glabrous, green to reddish, leaves subsessile, linear to elliptic, glaucous, sometimes reddish, hairless; flowers terminal or axillary, in heads of flowers, flowering parts in 4s, petals obovate or spathulate; pyrophyte in open or wooded grassland or woodland; 1,000 2,700 m. Zimbabwe to Angola, Nigeria, Sudan, and Ethiopia. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, plateau above upper Mondwe Valley, 1972, Synge 395 (K, MAL, SRGH, PRE). Gnidia kraussiana Meisn. Lasiosiphon kraussianus (Meisn.) Burtt Davy; Lasiosiphon kraussianus (Meisn.) Burtt Davy var. villosus Burtt Davy Perennial herbaceous suffrutex to 0.6 m tall, usually less, branches hairless or densely hairy; leaves petiolate (1 2 mm), narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, glaucous-green, hairy or silky, more or less mucronate; flowers in dense capitate terminal heads of flowers, orange to yellow, flowering parts mostly in 5s, petals oblong to ovate; a pyrophyte in montane grassland, or in Brachystegia or Uapaca woodland; 1,300 2,700 m. South Africa to Kenya, Sudan, Nigeria, and Guinea. Source. F.T.E.A. Thymelaeaceae: 29 (1978). Malawi. Nyika National Park, plateau above upper Mondwe Valley, 1972, Synge 393 (K, MAL, SRGH, UPS, BR). No country given. 1955, Lees 46 (UZL). Peddiea africana Harvey Peddiea fischeri Engl. Chichewa: mkakauku; Yao: nakasabola Small tree to 5 m tall; bark, when stripped, producing a strong string ; leaves alternate, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, hairless, upper surface glossy, margins entire, rather wavy, apex pointed; flowers in loose clusters ca 10 flowers, on stalks 5 long, yellowish green, green or reddish, tubular; fruit a shiny blackish fleshy berry 6 10 mm long; in understorey of evergreen forest and riverine forest; 1,000 2,200 m. South Africa northwards to Ethiopia; also in the W. African highlands from Guinea to Cameroon. Source. F.T.E.A. Thymelaeaceae: 12 (1978). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Synaptolepis alternifolia Oliv. Chichewa: chiwombwi; Yao: luchimbili Shrub or woody climber to 10 m high, bark reddish brown, lenticellate; leaves opposite (sometimes alternate), simple, ovate to elliptic, x mm, glabrous; flowers in few-flowered terminal groups, white, pale yellow or cream, tube mm long; in riverine vegetation, miombo woodland, and wooded grassland; 50 1,100 m. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. F.T.E.A. Thymelaeaceae: 6 (1978). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Grewia mildbraedii Burret Grewia sp. of Chapman & White (1970) Tree to 20 m tall, buttressed low-down, bark reddish, vertically-fissured; leaves alternate, oblong-elliptic, weakly 3-veined from the base; inflorescence axillary, much-branched, flowers small, greenish; fruit simple, unlobed, pear-shaped; in mid-altitude rainforest; 1,650 2,000 m. Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, D.R.C. Known only from Nyika and Viphya in Malawi. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 359); White et al. (2001: 570) Malawi. Nyika Plateau, foot of Mwenembwe (Chapman & White 1970, Dowsett-Lemaire 1985). 276 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

33 Peddiea africana Dais cotinifolia Gnidia kraussiana Synaptolepis alternifolia Del. Maureen Church 300 mm 5 mm Grewia stolzii Plants of the Nyika Plateau 277

34 Sparrmannia ricinocarpa Triumfetta rhomboidea Del. Eleanor Catherine Boehmeria macrophylla Del. Victoria Friis Celtis africana 50 mm 278 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

35 ULMACEAE Grewia stolzii Ulbrich Liane or scrambling shrub with purplish arching branches; leaves elliptic to ovate-elliptic, markedly 3-veined from the base, hairless above, thinly hairy below; inflorescence leaf-opposed, sparsely branched or unbranched; flowers white; fruit round, 2- to 4-lobed; in montane forest or on rocky ground in miombo woodland; 800 1,600 m. Zimbabwe and Mozambique to E. D.R.C. and Kenya. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 359); White et al. (2001: 570) Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasyaula forest, without collecting details (Dowsett- Lemaire 1985); 20 km from Thazima Gate, 2000, Burrows & Maroyi 6798 (PRE). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near Chowo, Dowsett-Lemaire 248 (White et al. 2001). Sparrmannia ricinocarpa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze Slender shrub to 3 m tall; leaves 3- to 7-lobed, sparsely hairy; flowers in leaf-opposed umbels, white with clusters of yellow anthers; fruit a round capsule set with numerous stiff bristles; at high altitudes on forest margins, in montane scrub or along streams. South Africa northwards to Cameroon and Ethiopia. The stems yield a good fibre. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(1): 77 (1963); Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, 4 km W.N.W. of Muzengapakweru, 1972, Synge 304 (K, MAL); Domwe Peak, 2000, Kasakula 255 (LMA, MAL, SRGH); Mpopoti Hill, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6785 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near source of Chire River, 1952, White 2562 (FHO). Triumfetta amuletum Sprague Chichewa: matitidza Prostrate perennial with hairy trailing stems to 1 m long, or ascending to 1.2 m; leaves broadly ovate to circular, mm long, base rounded or broadly tapering, 5-nerved from the base, hairy on both sides; flowers in axillary clusters, yellow; fruit ca diameter, black, round, covered sharp bosses; in open grassland at margins of wetlands, or in open woodland on heavy soils, sometimes a weed. Apparently endemic to the Flora zambesiaca area. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(1): 65 (1963). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Triumfetta annua L. Chichewa: khatambuzi; Tumbuka: sungini Annual mm tall; leaves x mm, ovate, narrower up the stem, base rounded, apex acute-acuminate, serrate, sparsely hairy on both sides; flowers in axillary clusters, petals yellow; fruit depressed-globose, hairy, hairs hooked; on forest margins, in shaded areas in bush, or a weed of cultivation. Widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar, and Asia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(1): 75 (1963). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Triumfetta pentandra A.Rich. Very similar to Triumfetta rhomboidea, but much less hairy, and the fruit is ovoid; a weed or pioneer species in disturbed areas. Widespread in tropical Africa; also in India and Taiwan. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(1): 74 (1963). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999); without locality, 1903, McClounie 161 (K). Triumfetta pilosa Roth var. glabrescens Sprague & Hutch. Small shrub to 1.3 m tall, stems square; leaves x mm, very sparsely hairy; flowers yellow; fruit hairy, but with hooks near the apex; probably on forest margins or in scrub. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(1): 77 (1963). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1896, Whyte s.n. (K, syn.); Mbuzinandi, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6824 (MAL). Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Chichewa: mpala; Tumbuka: msonongwe Annual or perennial to 2 m tall; leaves x mm, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sometimes 3-lobed, base truncate to cordate, 3- to 7-lobed from the base, hairy; flowers in leafy axillary clusters, petals yellow, ca 4 mm long; fruit round, hairy, some hairs hooked; a weed of cultivation, found throughout the tropics. Possibly introduced to Africa, described from the West Indies. A very variable species. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(1): 73 (1963). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999); without locality, 1903, McClounie 126 (K). Triumfetta tomentosa Bojer Chichewa: chikande Small shrub to 3 m, branches with brown woolly hairs; leaves x mm, ovate to lanceolate, sometimes slightly 3-lobed, base cordate, brown-grey woolly on both surfaces; flowers in leafy axillary clusters, petals yellow, 4 7 mm long; fruit fluffy; often as a pioneer in cultivated or disturbed areas. Throughout tropical Africa; also in S. America. Very similar to T. pilosa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(1): 72 (1963). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Triumfetta welwitschii Mast.?var. welwitschii Chichewa: nyame Perennial herb with annual shoots from a woody rootstock, flowers developing before the leaves; leaves linear-lanceolate to obovate-oblong, x 4, hairy or not; flowers in terminal clusters, petals yellow, mm long; fruit round, densely hairy; common in miombo woodland and frequently-burnt grassland, flowering soon after fire. South Africa to Angola and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(1): 77 (1963); UZL. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); road to Chelinda, 7,500, 1967, Richards (UZL). ULMACEAE Celtis africana Burm.f. white stinkwood; Sukwa: chingono Deciduous tree to 25 m tall, bark smoothish, mottled grey; leaves alternate, ovate, coarsely serrate in the upper two-thirds, sometimes slightly scabrid, but always with varying degrees of hairiness; fruit a small yellowish berry; in moist woodlands, termite mounds, riverine forest, rocky hills, and in drier types of montane forest; up to 2,000 m. Widespread in Africa from South Africa to Nigeria, Sudan, and the Arabian Peninsula. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasyaula Forest, without collecting details (Dowsett- Lemaire 1985). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Manyenjere, Kasoma, and Chowo Forests, without collecting details (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985). Excluded species Celtis gomphophylla Baker Celtis durandii Engl. This species record, which first appeared in Chapman & White (1970), is an error (Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 327)). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality of collecting details (Mill 1979). Plants of the Nyika Plateau 279

36 URTICACEAE URTICACEAE Boehmeria macrophylla Hornem. Boehmeria platyphylla Hamilt. ex D.Don Soft perennial shrub to 3 m tall, without stinging hairs, stems and leaves more or less hairy; leaves opposite, x mm, base cordate to tapering, petiole mm long; flowers in axillary clusters; in deep shade of montane forest, usually along streams; 300 2,000 m. Widespread in tropical Africa and throughout the Old World tropics. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 316); White et al. (2001). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chisanga Falls, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6767 (MAL, PRE, UZL). Elatostema monticola Hook.f. Elatostema orientale Engl. Annual or perennial herb with erect stems to 300 mm high, arising from creeping rhizomes, without stinging hairs, stems somewhat zigzagging; leaves alternate, confined to the upper part of the stem, asymmetric and slightly curving towards the tip of the stem, more or less hairless; flowers stalkless, axillary; in evergreen montane forest in moist shade of forest floor, sometimes in shade in moist rocky places; 1,200 2,200 m. Zimbabwe northwards through tropical Africa to Nigeria, Sudan, and Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 9(6): 104 (1991). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasyaula and Zovochipolo Forests, without collecting details (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 2,000 m, 1991, Friis 6324 (C, K, MAL). Girardinia diversifolia (Link.) Friis Girardinia heterophylla Decne.; Girardinia condensata (Hochst. ex Steud.) Wedd. Large erect herb 1 3 m tall, completely covered in long stinging spines and hairs; leaves lobed, margins toothed, upper surface glabrous, with some stinging hairs, lower surface thinly hairy with stinging spines on the nerves; male flowers in a slender axillary spike, female flowers in a dense elongate cluster mm long; in woodland or dry forest in rocky areas, or in riverine forest; 850 2,050 m. Sporadic, but widespread in Africa, also in Asia as far as China. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); Nkhonjera Hill (White et al. 2001: 581). Laportea alatipes Hook.f. Fleurya alatipes (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. Annual or short-lived perennial herb or straggly shrub to 1.5 m high, set with stinging hairs; leaves alternate, triangular to rhomboid or ovate, leaves hairy or not; in understorey of montane forests and forests in ravines; 1,400 2,200 m. Widespread, in the mountains of Cameroon, E. D.R.C., Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and S. to South Africa. A fiercely stinging plant. Source. Flora zambesiaca 9(6): 93 (1991). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Kasyaula Forest, 1981, Salubeni & Tawakali 3001 (SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 2,000 m, 1991, Friis 6322 (C, K, MAL); ibid. Pawek (White et al. 2001). Pilea rivularis Wedd. Pilea ceratomera Wedd. Perennial herb with creeping rhizome and erect, mostly unbranched stems to 1 m tall, without stinging hairs; leaves opposite, but leaf pairs often unequal in size; leaves glabrous; female flowers in tight clusters in leaf axils; in high-rainfall evergreen montane forests, often in moist rocky places, ravines, and along small streams; 1,800 2,100 m. Widely distributed in the moist uplands and mountains of tropical Africa. This is a very variable species, which has been subdivided by several authors. Source. Flora zambesiaca 9(6): 98 (1991). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Zovochipolo Forest, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6898 (MAL, PRE, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 2,000 m, 1991, Friis 6323 (C, K, MAL). Pilea tetraphylla (Steud.) Blume Erect annual herb to 200 mm tall, without stinging hairs; leaves opposite, but apparently whorled at the stem apex, ovate, glabrous; female flowers restricted to the top of the plant; in humid places in montane forest or in moist sites among rocks; 1,650 2,800 m. Widespread in the mountain areas of tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 9(6): 96 (1991). Malawi. Nyika National Park, 2,300 m, 1973, Pawek 6640 (K, MO, SRGH). Urera hypselodendron (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Wedd. Robust climber to 30 m high, stems with copious adventitious roots, stinging hairs absent; leaves ovate, upper surface dark green, more or less hairless, lower surface paler, hairy or at least along the nerves; a common climber in upland and montane forest clearings, along forest edges, in riverine or moist ravine forest; 1,450 2,150 m. From Zimbabwe northwards through eastern Africa to Sudan and Ethiopia. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985: 320); Flora zambesiaca 9(6): 82 (1991). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kafwimba Forest, 1,800 m, 1975, Pawek (K, MO, PRE, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, without locality, 2,150 m, 1958, Robson 351 (K, SRGH); Chowo Forest, 6,100, 1967, Richards (UZL). VALERIANACEAE Valeriana capensis Thunb. Erect perennial unbranched herb to ca 1 m tall, with fleshy rhizome and fibrous roots; leaves mainly basal, but 3 5 reducing upwards, pinnate to pinnatifid, terminal leaflets to 130 mm long, larger than the lateral ones, shallowly dentate; flowers in terminal or axillary long-stalked clusters, white; in marshy areas and streamsides in montane grassland; 1,800 2,700 m. Along the eastern mountain chain from South Africa to Kenya. Source. Flora zambesiaca 7(1): 75 (1983). Malawi. Nyika National Park, valley 2.5 miles S.W. of (Zambian) Rest House, 1958, Robson 250 (BM, K, LISC, PRE, SRGH); without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, without locality, 1962, Fanshawe 7291 (K). VERBENACEAE *Lantana trifolia L. Herbaceous shrub m tall, often with purplish hairy stems; leaves aromatic, opposite or mostly in whorls of 3, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, x mm, apex acute, crenate-serrate, scabrid-hairy above, hairy below; flowers in hemispherical heads, pink or purple, sometimes white to pink; fruit a small, roundish drupe, mm diameter, mauve to purple; in grassland, miombo woodland, bracken scrub, and on forest margins; 0 2,400 m. Widespread in Africa, but probably introduced from the Americas. Source. F.T.E.A. Verbenaceae: 46 (1992). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Lippia baumii Gürke var. nyassensis R.Fern. Perennial many-stemmed herb to 650 mm or more, all parts with dense silvery white hairs; leaves opposite, broadly ovate to rounded, usually longer than the internodes; flowers in spike-like heads in upper axils, yellow, rarely white, mm long; in montane grassland and miombo woodland on rocky hillsides; 1,800 2,100 m. Malawi and Tanzania. Source. F.T.E.A. Verbenaceae: 32 (1992). 280 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

37 Girardinia diversifolia Del. Victoria Friis 3 mm Elatostema monticola Del. Victoria Friis 100 mm 3 mm Pilea tetraphylla Del. Victoria Friis 50 mm Laportea alatipes Urera hypselodendron Del. Victoria Friis Plants of the Nyika Plateau 281

38 Lantana trifolia Valeriana capensis Rinorea convallarioides Del. Christine Grey-Wilson Viola abyssinica Del. Christine Grey-Wilson Lippia plicata Del. Maureen Church 282 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

39 VISCACEAE Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); Mwanda Mt., 2000, Winter 4159 (MAL). Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng. Lippia whytei Mold. Chichewa: chanzi, vumba; Yao: chisunganjeu, mchenjema Shrub to 4 m tall, softly woody; leaves strongly aromatic and slightly unpleasant, opposite or in whorls of 3, x 3 45 mm, scabrid and rugulose (rough) above, serrulate; flowers in a small compact spike, white to yellowish green; in woodland, scrubby grassland, rocky hillsides; 450 2,350 m. Widespread in Africa, from South Africa to Angola and Ethiopia. Not in Asia, despite the species name, which was applied erroneously. Source. F.T.E.A. Verbenaceae: 30 (1992). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Lippia plicata Baker Lippia strobiliformis Mold. Woody herb or shrub m, stems square, brown to reddish purple; leaves aromatic (minty), opposite, rarely in threes, ovate to lanceolate, x 7 55 mm, harshly scabrid above, margins crenate-serrate; flowers in roundish terminal clusters, white/yellow to pink or lilac, scented; in grassland and various types of woodland, often in disturbed areas; 450 1,950 m. Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Brummitt (1973); F.T.E.A. Verbenaceae: 34 (1992). Malawi. Nyika National Park, N.W. foot of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 47 (K, MAL, SRGH, FHO, LISC); W. of Vitinthiza Hill, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6763 & 6806 (MAL). Lippia woodii Mold. Lippia africana Mold. var. villosa Mold.; Lippia wilmsii Pearson var. villosa (Mold.) Mold. Herb or shrublet mm tall, with several unbranched stems; leaves strongly aromatic, opposite, obovate-elliptic to rhomboid, x mm, shallowly crenulate, rugose/bullate, silvery hairy below, sparsely hairy above; flowers in axillary clusters, white, green or yellow, usually with an orange centre; in open woodland or grassland subjected to frequent burning; 1,110 2,280 m. Zimbabwe and Mozambique northwards to Uganda. Source. F.T.E.A. Verbenaceae: 33 (1992). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). VIOLACEAE Rinorea convallarioides (Baker f.) Eyles Understorey shrub or small tree m tall; leaves simple, alternate, oblong-elliptic, x mm, sharply serrate or subentire, hairless except on main veins, petiole 2 4 mm long, channelled above, stipules 3 4 mm long; flowers axillary; fruit a 3-sided capsule to 13 mm long; in evergreen forest; only in submontane forest (below 2,000 m) on the eastern escarpment, but not recorded by Dowsett-Lemaire (1985). Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Malawi. Source. Chapman & White (1970: 126). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, eastern escarpment Forests, no specimen located. Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. Chichewa: katongolola Perennial herb, stems to 600 mm long, trailing or creeping, rooting at nodes, angular or winged; leaves broadly ovate to roundish, base cordate, margins crenate-dentate; flowers single, axillary, on pedicels mm long, white to bluish or violet; in moist grassland, moist areas in forest or forest margins; 1,200 2,520 m. Widespread in the mountains of tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 1(1): 258 (1960). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality, 1946, Brass (BM, K, PRE, SRGH); Mpopoti, 2000, Mwanyambo 542 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near Rest House, 1958, Robson 395 (BM, K, SRGH). VISCACEAE Viscum combreticola Engl. Relatively large dioecious leafless parasitic shrubs, more or less pendulous with age, yellowish green, stems flattened and strongly ribbed, but round with age; berries stalkless, more or less round, 6 7 mm long, warty when young, almost smooth at maturity, orange; a parasite of various hosts, but commonly on Combretum and various legumes, including Brachystegia. Widespread from D.R.C. and Kenya to Angola and South Africa. Source. Mill (1979); Polhill & Wiens (1998: 303). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls, 1,800 m, 1982, Dowsett- Lemaire 307 (K); Chisanga Falls, 1,800 m, 1986, R.M. Polhill & D. Polhill 5254 (K, MAL). Viscum cylindricum Polhill & Wiens. Leafless, dioecious, parasitic shrub with pendulous branches up to 1 2 m long, distal branches flattened, 2 4 mm broad; flowers sessile, single, style indistinct, stigma on elevated mound above tepal scars, berries sessile, oblong, mm; in forest and high-rainfall Brachystegia woodland on various hosts. Only known from Malawi. Source. Polhill & Wiens (1998: 303); Polhill (2001: 593, fig. 211G). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 7 km W. of Chelinda, 1972, Wiens 4614 (K, UT); Nyika National Park, 6.5 km W. of Livingstonia junction, Nya Mkowa, 2,000 m, 1978, Pawek (BR, K, MAL, MO, WAG). Viscum goetzei Engl. Leafless dioecious parasite with flattened stems narrowing to the nodes; berries with a 1 mm long stalk, 3 mm long, smooth, orange; a parasite (epiparasite) of Loranthaceae, in evergreen forests to 2,350 m. Southern Highlands of Tanzania, Nyika Plateau, and Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe. Source. Polhill & Wiens (1998: 302); Polhill (2001: 593, fig. 211J, K). Malawi. Nyika National Park, vicinity of Juniper Forest, 2,190 m, 1972, Wiens 4612 (K, MO, P). Viscum loranthicola Polhill & Wiens Small, leafless, densely branched parasitic shrub, distal internodes rounded to slightly flattened; flowers sessile, male flowers with anthers fused together; berries orange, sessile, round, smooth, 3 mm diameter; epiparasite on several genera of Loranthaceae. Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia, and northern Malawi. Source. Polhill & Wiens (1998: 297); Malawi. Rumphi-Chisenga Road, half a km S. of Nyika Road junction, 1,500 m, 1972, Wiens 4607 (K, MAL, MO, UT); 16 km E. of Barrier, 1,650 m, 1976, Phillips 1338 (K, MO, SRGH, WAG). Viscum shirense Sprague Viscum junodii Engl., nom. nud. Leafless dioecious parasite, pendulous with age, stems flattened; berries with a stalk of mm, round to ellipsoid, 3 5 mm long, smooth, orange; a parasite of various hosts, commonly on Bridelia, in high rainfall woodland, riverine forest, and on margins of montane forest; up to 1,700 m. D.R.C., Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The citations given below might be misidentifications for allied species, but V. shirense is certainly recorded from near Chisenga on the Chambo R. and around Wenya. Furthermore, the closely similar V. congdonii Polhill & Wiens, known from Jembya Forest Reserve, is likely to occur. Differences are given in the sources cited above. Source. Polhill & Wiens (1998: 306); Polhill (2001: 595). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Kasyaula & Zovochipolo Forests (Dowsett- Lemaire 1985). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Manyenjere, Kasoma & Chowo Forests (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985). Plants of the Nyika Plateau 283

40 Viscum combreticola Ampelocissus africana Cayratia gracilis Cissus rubiginosa 284 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

41 VITACEAE Viscum tuberculatum A.Rich. Small, densely branched parasitic shrub; leaves obovate, leathery; flowers in sessile clusters, male and female on same plant; berries orange, sessile, ovoid, 5 6 mm long, densely tuberculate when young; in dry evergreen forest on many hosts, broadly along the Rift Valleys from Ethiopia to South Africa and Angola. Source. Wiens & Polhill (1998: 290); Polhill (2001: 595, fig. 211L, M). Malawi. Nyika National Park, vicinity of Juniper Forest, 2,190 m, 1972, Wiens 4611 (K, UT). VITACEAE Ampelocissus africana (Lour.) Merr. Climber or liane with densely hairy branches when young, hairless with age, striate, with branched tendrils; leaves simple, ovate-cordate, entire, or deeply 3- to 5-lobed with toothed margins, hairy or not; flowers borne in dense clusters off the lower part of the tendrils; fruit roundish, ca 10 mm diameter; in woodland or forest margins. Zimbabwe northwards throughout tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Kasewerera, 2001, without collecting details (Patel & Oveton 2002: 30). Cayratia gracilis (Guill. & Perr.) Suesseng. Cissus gracilis Guill. & Perr. Climbing or trailing herb 1 7 m long, all parts more or less hairless, tendrils present, leaf-opposed; leaves digitate with (3 )5( 9) leaflets, often pedate, leaflets narrowly ovate to ovate or elliptic, coarsely serrate, petiole mm long; inflorescence axillary, in tight clusters, peduncle mm long, flowers whitish, yellow to pale green; fruit roundish, black, mm diameter; in tall wooded grassland, forest margins, swampy areas, and riverine forest; 300 1,770 m. South Africa northwards to Senegal, Mali, and Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(2): 491 (1966); F.T.E.A. Vitaceae: 138 (1993). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Cissus rubiginosa (Welw. ex Baker) Planch. Woody or herbaceous climber, sometimes shrubby, m tall, from a thick woody rootstock, all parts set with thick reddish-brown hairs, tendrils to 300 mm long, bifid, hairy; leaves simple, round to broadly elliptic or ovate, base deeply cordate, apex acute to apiculate, margins dentate, hairy throughout, but less so above, petiole to 80 mm long; inflorescence leaf-opposed, peduncle mm long, fruit glabrous; in rocky places in Brachystegia woodland and riverine forest; 450 1,200 m. N. Mozambique, Malawi, and Zambia northwards to Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Sudan, Uganda, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(2): 455 (1966); F.T.E.A. Vitaceae: 26 (1993). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Cyphostemma princeae (Gilg & Brandt) Descoings ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. Cyphostemma kerkvoordei (Dewit) Descoings ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. Erect herb m tall, arising from a woody rootstock, stems hairy with scattered short red or blackish gland-tipped hairs, tendrils absent; leaves digitate with 3 9 leaflets, petioles 0 70 mm long, leaflets sessile, linear-elliptic to obovate-oblanceolate, irregularly serrate, white-woolly below, sparsely hairy to hairless above; inflorescence terminal or axillary, flowers yellow to green, red-tipped; fruit red, turning black, 8 9 mm long, hairless; in Brachystegia woodland on rocky slopes; 1,500 2,250 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(2): (1966); F.T.E.A. Vitaceae: 79 (1993). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Cyphostemma vandenbrandeanum (Dewit) Descoings Prostrate, but more usually a climbing vine, climbing to the forest canopy, stems hairy, bearing reddish tendrils; leaves 3- to 5-foliate, leaflets elliptic, ovate or obovate, apex acute to rounded, more or less hairless above, whitish to reddish velvety below, margins crenate-dentate; inflorescence compact, much-branched, peduncle mm long, flowers brown or yellow, red-tipped; fruit red, densely pubescent; in woodland, montane scrub, secondary or montane forest, and on rocky slopes; 1,750 2,450 m. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(2): 484 (1966); F.T.E.A. Vitaceae: 102 (1993); White et al. (2001: 599). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6769 (MAL); road from Zovochipolo to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6770 (PRE). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, without locality, 1959, Richards (K, SRGH); Manyenjere, Kasoma & Chowo Forests, without collecting details (Dowsett- Lemaire 1985: 320). Cyphostemma wittei (Staner) Wild & R.B.Drumm. Cyphostemma hermannioides Wild & R.B.Drumm. Prostrate or scrambling herb 1 2 m long from a thick taproot (red inside), stems hairy with gland-tipped bristles, tendrils absent; leaves simple to 3- foliate, side leaflets much smaller than the terminal leaflet, leaflets oblong, ovate to oblong-elliptic, sometimes 3-lobed, base tapering to cordate, more or less hairless above, sparsely hairy below; inflorescence bright red, peduncle mm long, flowers yellow to crimson; fruit red, turning blackish, hairless; in miombo woodland or wooded grassland; 1,050 1,950 m. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 2(2): 464 (1966); F.T.E.A. Vitaceae: 61 (1993); Lebrun & Stork 3: 334 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Rhoicissus tridentata (L. f.) Wild & R.B.Drumm. subsp. cuneifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N.R.Urton Rhoicissus erythrodes (Fresen.) Planch. wild grape; Chichewa: mpeza; Yao: mpelesya; Tumbuka: mpesya Perennial shrub to 2 m or liane in forest, branchlets with reddish hairs, bearing simple tendrils; leaves 3-foliate, leaflets narrowly to broadly obovate, lateral leaflets often asymmetric, apex toothed, sometimes shallowly so, base tapering, more or less hairless above, densely velvety below; inflorescence leaf-opposed, compact, peduncle 2 30 mm long, flowers green, red to purplish; fruit roundish, black when ripe, 7 11 mm diameter, fleshy; in wooded grassland, on termite mounds, rocky hillsides in woodland, and in montane forest; 700 2,250 m. South Africa northwards to Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Saudi Arabia. A very variable species throughout its range, divided into two subspecies in South Africa and probably worthy of division into subspecific taxa within tropical Africa. The fruit is edible, juicy, but somewhat astringent. Source. Brummitt (1973); White et al. (2001: 601). Malawi. Nyika National Park, W. foot of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt, Munthali & Synge 72 (K, MAL, SRGH); Domwe, 2000, Mwanyambo 566 (MAL); between Zambian Rest House and Thazima, 2000, Burrows & Maroyi 6834 (MAL, PRE). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Manyenjere, Kasoma, and Chowo Forests, without collecting details (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 320). Excluded species Cissus grisea (Baker) Planch. C. grisea is a species of low altitudes ( m) in riverine bush and rocky hills. Its maximum altitude is lower than the lowest point on Nyika and it is most likely that this record is a misidentification for the similar C. rubiginosa (see above). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Cissus rupestris An unauthored name listed in Patel & Overton (2002). No such name is recorded in Flora zambesiaca (1966), F.T.E.A. (1993), or in Lebrun & Stork (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chipome Valley, 2001, without collecting details (Patel & Overton 2002: 32). Plants of the Nyika Plateau 285

42 Rhoicissus tridentata subsp. cuneifolia Cyphostemma vandenbrandeanum Cyrtanthus breviflorus Boophane disticha 600 mm 286 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

43 AMARYLLIDACEAE MONOCOTYLEDONS AMARYLLIDACEAE Boophane disticha (L.f.) Herb. Bulbous herb, with a large bulb to 250 mm diameter; leaves deciduous, arranged in a distinctive fan, to 600 mm long, linear-oblong, often twisted, grey-green; flowers in a large round inflorescence of 50 or more flowers, each flowering on a long ( mm) stalk, flowers pink to purplish; fruit a 3-lobed capsule; in grassland or open woodland on well-drained soils; 200 2,500 m. South Africa to Angola, D.R.C., Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. Source. F.T.E.A. Amaryllidaceae: 21 (1982). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Cyrtanthus breviflorus Harv. Anoiganthus breviflorus (Harv.) Baker; Cyrtanthus luteus Baker Small bulbous plant; leaves appearing with or after the flowers, green to greyish, linear, to 380 mm long (usually less), 3 9 mm broad; inflorescence with 1 5 flowers, flowers bright yellow, tubular, often narrowing at the mouth; fruit a capsule; in moist montane grasslands, in upland bogs or dambos, and along streams; 1,650 2,500 m. South Africa to Angola, D.R.C., Kenya, and Tanzania. Source. Brummitt (1973); F.T.E.A. Amaryllidaceae: 26 (1982). Malawi. Nyika National Park, between Nganda and Muzengapakweru, 1972, Synge 360 (K). Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. subsp. multiflorus Haemanthus multiflorus Martyn Bulbous herb 150 mm to 1 m tall, petioles forming a false stem; leaves lanceolate to ovate, appearing after flowering; inflorescence large, roundish, mm diameter, composed of scarlet flowers with spreading lobes, fading to pink with age; fruit a red or pink berry 5 10 mm diameter; in a wide variety of habitats, from woodland, riverine vegetation, montane forest or grassland; to 2,700 m. Throughout tropical Africa, from South Africa to Yemen. Source. F.T.E.A. Amaryllidaceae: 4 (1982). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, locally occasional (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 319). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, locally occasional (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 319). ANTHERICACEAE Chlorophytum blepharophyllum Schweinf. ex Baker Plants single or clumped, mm tall, rhizome small, roots spongy with tubers at tips; leaves rosulate, discolorous, lanceolate, x 15 40(70) mm, channelled, glabrous, margins hyaline and ciliate; inflorescence usually unbranched, mm long, flowers whitish tinged greenish cream to brownish, petals reflexed, 6 8 x mm; in open miombo woodland and grassland, on rocky outcrops, often in light sandy and stony soils; 50 2,450 m. Widespread in Africa, from Mozambique and Zimbabwe to Angola, Senegal, and Ethiopia. Source. F.T.E.A. Anthericaceae: 51 (1997). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Chlorophytum cameronii (Baker) Kativu var. pterocaulon (Baker) Nordal Anthericum pterocaulon Welw. ex Baker; Anthericum buchananii Baker; Chlorophytum pterocaulon (Welw. ex Baker) Kativu Plants tufted, 100 mm to 1 m tall, rhizome short, roots thin, wiry; leaves more or less distichous, broadly linear to lanceolate, x 5 40 mm, glabrous, margins and midrib sometimes ciliate; inflorescence usually unbranched, to 250 mm long, rachis winged in lower part, peduncle hairless, flowers white to pinkish, aging to reddish, petals x 4 7 mm; capsule obovoid, mm long; in open woodland and grassland, in seasonally wet areas, and in swampy places; 0 3,300 m. Widespread in tropical Africa from Mozambique and Zimbabwe to Cameroon, Sudan, and Ethiopia. It is possible that more than one subspecies of C. cameronii occurs on Nyika. Source. Kativu (1994: 72); F.T.E.A. Anthericaceae: 32 (1997). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Bridge, 1975, Phillips 1061 (K, MO); without locality or collecting details, subspecies unknown (Mill 1979). Chlorophytum colubrinum (Welw. ex Baker) Engl. Anthericum colubrinum Welw. ex Baker; Chlorophytum campanulatum (Baker) Engl. Plants often in clumps, m tall, rhizome thick, moniliform, roots spongy, without tubers; leaves more or less distichous, x 5 25(40) mm, margins scabrid to shortly ciliate; inflorescence a narrowly spicate raceme, more or less unbranched, flowers white, petals 6 10 x mm; capsule obovoid, 4 8 x mm; in open woodland or wooded grassland, often on stony soils in rocky areas; 500 3,000 m. Mozambique and Zimbabwe to Angola, D.R.C., Rwanda, and Tanzania. Source. F.T.E.A. Anthericaceae: 19 (1997). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999); Chisanga Falls, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6789 (MAL, PRE). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Rocks, 1968, Simon, Williamson & Ball 1665 (B, SRGH). Chlorophytum floribundum Baker Plants mm tall, rhizome short, vertical, roots narrow, bearing round tubers; leaves 4 13, rosulate, lanceolate to elliptic, x mm, sharply pointed, hairless; inflorescence of branched racemes, flowers greenish to whitish with a green keel, petals 5 8 x 1 2 mm; in open miombo woodland, often on termite mounds; 800 2,150 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Source. Kativu (1994: 60); F.T.E.A. Anthericaceae: 47 (1997). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1.5 km N. of M1 road, 1978, Pawek (K, MA). Chlorophytum leptoneurum (C.H.Wright) Poelln. Plants small, 50 80(120) mm high, growing in clumps, rhizome horizontal, stoloniferous, roots reduced to elongate tubers; leaves rosulate, more or less prostrate, linear to oblanceolate, x 5, hairless above, hairy below, margins ciliate; inflorescence dense, unbranched, flowers white; capsule roundish, mm diameter; in open miombo woodland and grassland, on bare patches, often on sandy soils; 800 2,600 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Kativu (1994: 65); F.T.E.A. Anthericaceae: 22 (1997). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Nacheri, 1903, McClounie 89 (K, holo.; B, iso.). Chlorophytum nyassae (Rendle) Kativu Chlorophytum glabriflorum C.H.Wright Plants 180 mm 1.4 m tall, rhizome vertical, without tubers; leaves linearlanceolate, clasping below, x 4, glabrous, midrib and veins prominent, margin flat; inflorescence a loose panicle, flowers white to yellowish, petals 7 11 mm long; capsule obovoid, ca 8 mm long; in montane grassland and scrubland, often in gullies and around water courses, on stony ground; 800 2,800 m. Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Source. Kativu (1994: 69); F.T.E.A. Anthericaceae: 13 (1997). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Dembo Bridge, 1976, Phillips 906 (MO, K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, close to border with Malawi, 1961, Richards (K). Chlorophytum sphacelatum (Baker) Kativu Anthericum sphacelatum Baker Plants m tall, rhizome horizontal, roots many, thin, bearing tubers; leaves ca 8, distichous, lanceolate, 180 mm to 1 m x 5 40 mm, with Plants of the Nyika Plateau 287

44 Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. multiflorus Culcasia falcifolia Stylochiton cf. puberulus Raphia farinifera 70 mm 10 mm 70 mm 288 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

45 ARACEAE numerous raised ribs and a narrow yellow scabrid or ciliate margin, ribs minutely hairy or not; inflorescence unbranched or with 2 small branches near the base, to 1 long, flowers white, petals 9 11 mm long; capsule 6 8 x 5 6 mm; in open woodland and grassland. Centred on Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania; three subspecies occur in Malawi, but the subspecies on Nyika is not recorded by Patel (1999). Source. Kativu (1994: 76); F.T.E.A. Anthericaceae: 34 (1997). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Chlorophytum stolzii (Krause) Kativu Plants large, m tall, rhizome moniliform, roots with long tubers; leaves more or less distichous, sheathing basally, broadly linear, to 800 x mm, glabrous; inflorescence unbranched or almost so, to 700 mm long, flowers white with a green keel, petals x 3 7 mm, pedicels articulated near middle; capsules obovoid, mm; in open miombo woodland and tall grassland; often in wet places and along stream banks; 800 2,000 m. Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., Burundi, and Tanzania. Source. Kativu (1994: 78); F.T.E.A. Anthericaceae: 15 (1997). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Mbuzinandi Road, 1977, Pawek (K, MAL, MO). Chlorophytum subpetiolatum (Baker) Kativu Anthericum subpetiolatum Baker; Anthericum dimorphum Poelln.; Anthericum stolzii Engl. & Krause Plants variable, clumped or single, mm tall, rhizome erect or horizontal, moniliform, roots fusiform, peduncles papillate to hairy, flowers relatively large, star-shaped, white, sometimes tinged greenish, petals 8 15 x mm; in open woodland, grasslands, shallow soils over sheetrock, and seasonally flooded areas; 50 2,450 m. Widespread in Africa, from Zimbabwe to Nigeria and Ethiopia. Source. Kativu (1994: 79); F.T.E.A. Anthericaceae: 36 (1997). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Nganda Peak, 1974, Pawek 7927 (K, MAL, MO, SRGH, UC). Chlorophytum vestitum Baker Plants mm tall, rhizome horizontal, narrow, roots fibrous, with few tubers; leaves more or less distichous, grass-like ciliate to hairy, x 2 6 mm; inflorescence a lax panicle, flowers yellowish green, petals 3 4 x 1 mm; capsule 3 4 x mm; in open woodland and wooded grassland, often in shade; 950 1,600 m. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Kativu (1994: 81); F.T.E.A. Anthericaceae: 15 (1997). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1973, Phillips 838 (K). Chlorophytum zingiberastrum Nordal & A.D.Poulsen Chlorophytum orchidastrum sensu Kativu (1994), non Lindl. (1824) Plants mm high with a short pseudostem, rhizome short, vertical, roots thin with elongate tubers; leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate, x mm, glabrous, acute to attenuate; inflorescence a lax panicle mm long, flowers greenish, petals 4 6 x mm; in Brachystegia woodland, on sandy to gritty-clayey soils overlying rocks, and on termite mounds; 550 1,950 m. Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Source. Kativu (1994: 700); F.T.E.A. Anthericaceae: 48 (1997). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). ARACEAE Culcasia falcifolia Engl. Culcasia scandens auctt., non P.Beauv. Ground-creeping or climbing vine adhering to tree trunks by means of adventitious roots; petiole mm long, sheath more than half the petiole length, lamina asymmetrically elliptic to ovate, sometimes falcate, x mm; inflorescence 1 4 inserted at nodes, peduncle mm long, spathe mm long, greenish white to yellowish, partly enclosing the narrowly cylindric spadix; fruit a cluster of orange to dark red berries; in mid-altitude rainforest and swamp forest; 750 1,800 m in Malawi, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe, through eastern Africa to Sudan and Ethiopia. Source. F.T.E.A. Araceae: 18 (1985); White et al. (2001: 93). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Mwanembwe (Chapman & White 1970: 126). Stylochiton cf. puberulus N.E.Br. Seasonally dormant herb with distinctive, broadly triangular leaves with cordate-sagittate bases; in woodlands. The identity of this collection as S. puberulus is questionable; according to Mayo in F.T.E.A. Araceae (1985), this species does not occur above 500 m and it is therefore unlikely that it would be found on the Nyika. Although the genus undoubtedly occurs there, the species involved needs to be confirmed. Source. F.T.E.A. Araceae: 49 (1985). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). ARECACEAE Raphia farinifera (Gaertn.) Hylander Raphia vinifera sensu Mill (1979), non P.Beauv. Massive palm m tall, often with a number of stems, stem to 0.6 m diameter: leaves large, to 20 m long, erect and somewhat arching, pinnate, the leaflets linear-elliptic, margins with a few sharp spines; inflorescence borne in the axils of the leaves, massive, to 3 m long, drooping, ultimately bearing numerous hand grenade-like fruit with reddish brown plastic-like scales; in seepage zones in woodland, in riverine forests, and swamp forest; up to 2,500 m in E. Africa, to ca 1,800 m on Nyika. From Zimbabwe northwards to Zambia, D.R.C., Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya. Most easily seen in the Thazima Gate area. The woody midribs of the palm fronds are used for roof rafters and for furniture. The fruits are the staple diet of the Palm-nut Vulture (Gypohierax angolensis) and the distribution of the two organisms is often closely inter-linked. Source. F.T.E.A. Palmae: 38 (1986). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Excluded species Borassus sp. The only species in Africa, Borassus aethiopum is a very distinctive and conspicuous palm of low-altitudes and it is highly unlikely that it would occur as a constituent of the plateau flora. If it did occur within the boundaries of the Park, other collectors certainly would have sighted it. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus angolensis Baker A much-branched more or less scandent shrub, branches hairy; leaves (cladodes) in dense clusters, subulate, mm long; flowers many, in a fascicle, stalks ca 4.5 mm long, articulated near base; flowers ca 3 mm long; habitat unknown. Described from Angola. This name is widely used in Malawi, but its application is uncertain. Since there has been no modern revision of the tropical African Asparagus, this taxon is included here with some reservation. Source. F.T.A. 7: 432 (1898). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999); Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Thera 3033 (MAL). Plants of the Nyika Plateau 289

46 ASPHODELACEAE Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Druce Myrsiphyllum asparagoides (L.) Willd.; Asparagus medeoloides (Thunb.) Baker var. angustifolius (Mill.) Baker Slender twining herb or small perennial climber, sometimes deciduous, spineless; leaves (cladodes) ovate-acuminate, x 8, flattish, with 3 several more or less parallel veins on each side of the midrib, hairless; flowers pendulous on slender stalks ca 10 mm long; fruit a round berry, 10 mm diameter; in montane forest or scrub, forest margins, and along stream banks. Widespread in South Africa, northwards to Tanzania; an invader plant in Australia. Source. Obermeyer & Immelman (1992: 73). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Lake Kaulime, 2000, Phiri 3722 (UZL); ibid., 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6870 (PRE); without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, White 2781 (White et al. 2001: 93). Asparagus laricinus Burch. Erect densely-branched shrub 1 2 m tall, stems and branches pale whitish green, usually finely ribbed, spines short, hard, on stems and branches; leaves (cladodes) up to 60 in a cluster, stiff, filiform, up to 35 mm long; flowers 1 8 on outside of leaf clusters, white; fruit a red berry, 5 mm diameter; in grassland, open woodland, and scrub. South Africa to tropical Africa. Source. Obermeyer & Immelman (1992: 33). Malawi. Nyika National Park, 8 km E. of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 34 (K); Lake Kaulime, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6869 (PRE). No country given. 1967, Richards (UZL). Asparagus plumosus Baker Protasparagus plumosus (Baker) Oberm. Scandent stoloniferous evergreen perennial with branches, branchlets and cladodes (leaves); leaves ca 12 in compressed clusters, terete, glabrous, glossy dark green, very fine; flowers apical, white, stalks 2 3 mm long, articulated near base; fruit a red berry, 4 mm diameter; in understorey of forests. From South Africa (Eastern Cape) northwards to E. Africa. Often cultivated for its delicate foliage. See also notes under A. setaceus. Source. Obermeyer & Immelman (1992: 59). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, occasional in all forests (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 320); without locality, 1896, Whyte s.n. (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, occasional in all forests (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 320). Asparagus racemosus Willd. Protasparagus racemosus (Willd.) Oberm. Tall climber or a tangled shrub with shiny yellowish stems and soft feathery branches, usually leafless when in flower; leaves (cladodes) 4 8 per cluster, unequally long, filiform, mm long; flowers in simple racemes mm long, white with a reddish streak; fruit a red berry, 7 mm diameter; in thickets or scrub in frost-free, high-rainfall savannas. Eastern Cape to Botswana, Namibia, and widespread in tropical Africa and eastwards to India. Source. Obermeyer & Immelman (1992: 45). Malawi. Nyika National Park, S. slopes of Kawozya, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 185 (K, MAL, SRGH). Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop Protasparagus setaceus (Kunth) Oberm.; Asparagus plumosus auctt. non Baker Evergreen perennial, erect or often scandent, to 2 m tall, hairless throughout, stems with a few short spines below, spineless above, branches more or less twining; leaves (cladodes) numerous, spreading, filiform, to 15 mm long, soft, shiny; flowers solitary, white; fruit a black berry, 5 mm diameter; in undergrowth of scrub or forest, less common than A. plumosus. South Africa to tropical Africa. This species is often quoted from Malawi, but its species concept is frequently confused. White et al. (2001) states that A. setaceus is very widespread in Malawi and draws attention to its fine cladodes all in the same plane, which is a defining characteristic of true A. plumosus (Obermeyer & Immelman 1992: 59). Therefore it seems possible that only A. plumosus occurs on the Nyika Plateau. Source. Obermeyer & Immelman (1992: 58); White et al. (2001: 95). No country given. 1967, Richards (UZL). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Chapama 149 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Manyenjere Forest, 2000, Phiri 4033 (UZL); Chowo Forest, 2000, Phiri 4013 (UZL). Asparagus virgatus Baker Protasparagus virgatus (Baker) Oberm. Erect stiff shrubs m tall, with one to a few, green, angled stems and thin, stiff branches; leaves (cladodes) 1 7, filiform, 4 long, unequal; flowers solitary, pendulous along the branches, stalks ca 7 mm long, articulated in lower half; fruit a red berry, 5 mm diameter; in dry forest, riverine forest, scrub or woodland. Eastern Cape to Namibia, Angola, Zimbabwe, Malawi, and E. Africa. Source. Obermeyer & Immelman (1992: 31). Malawi. Nyika National Park, 8 km E. of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt, Munthali & Synge 129 (K, MAL). Excluded species Asparagus africanus Lam. This species is not recorded from tropical Africa (Obermeyer & Immelman 1992) and it would appear that this is a misidentification. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). ASPHODELACEAE The genus Aloe is sometimes treated within a separate family, the Aloaceae (Carter 2001). Aloe christianii Reynolds Succulent, usually solitary, rarely suckering, stemless or with a stem to 1 m tall; leaves erect-spreading, to 0.6 m long, basal width ca 1, light bluish green, tinged pinkish in drought, unspotted, faintly lined, margins with strong brown-tipped teeth; inflorescence erect, 1 2 m tall, with 6 10 erect branches, flowers coral-pink, stamens exserted ca 4 mm; in partial shade in Brachystegia Isoberlinia woodland, or sometimes in medium to tall grasslands, never on rocks; 300 1,675 m. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Reynolds (1966); Carter (2001). Malawi.?Nyika, 62 miles (99 km) N. of Rumphi, 1960, Leach & Brunton (K, LISC, PRE, SRGH). Aloe duckeri Christian Solitary succulent or suckering to form small clusters of plants, stemless or with a short stem; leaves spreading, in a dense rosette, m long, 80 1 at the base, dull green, sparsely spotted or without spots, often faintly streaked on both surfaces, margins with strong red-brown teeth; inflorescence erect, 1 2 m tall, 3- to 9-branched, branches curving upwards, flowers orange-red to coral-pink, stamens slightly exserted; in montane grassland and high-rainfall miombo; 1,000 2,350 m. Malawi, Zambia, and S.W. Tanzania. Locally abundant on the Nyika. Source. Reynolds (1966); Carter (2001). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, near Chelinda Rest House, 1958, Reynolds 8642 (K, PRE, SRGH); western foot of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt & Synge WC3 (EA, K, MAL, PRE, SRGH). Aloe mzimbana I.Verd. & Christian Stemless succulent, suckering to form dense groups of plants; leaves in a dense rosette, spreading-erect, mm long, mm wide at the base, greyish green, with few to many large, elongated white spots on both surfaces, margins with large sharp brown-tipped teeth; inflorescence erect 290 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

47 Asparagus asparagoides Aloe mzimbana Del. Pat Halliday Asparagus laricinus Bulbine abyssinica 800 mm Kniphofia grantii Plants of the Nyika Plateau 291

48 ASPHODELACEAE to 600 mm tall, with 1 6 spreading branches; flowers bright coral-red, stamens slightly exserted; in montane grassland and rocky outcrops; 1,280 2,300 m. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., and Tanzania. An exceedingly variable species. Source. Reynolds (1966); Carter (2001). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, large numbers on rocks 3 km S.W. of Chelinda Rest House, 1958, Reynolds 8643 (K, PRE, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1968, Williamson 966 (SRGH). Aloe nuttii Baker Aloe mketiensis Christian Erect succulent herb, suckering to produce 2 12 stems; leaves erect, grasslike, mm long, linear, tapering to the apex, channelled towards the apex, white-spotted near the base, margin with minute white teeth in lower half; flowers in an erect inflorescence m long, coral-pink to orange-red, green-tipped, stamens scarcely exserted; in montane grassland and high-rainfall miombo woodland; 1,450 2,400 m. Malawi, Zambia, Angola, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Nearest allied to the Malawian species A. buchananii Baker. Source. Reynolds (1966); Carter (2001). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Nchena-Chena Spur, 1946, Brass (K); above Nchena-Chena, 1956, Reynolds 8187 (K, PRE); Domwe Viewpoint, 2000, Thera 3064 (MAL). Kniphofia linearifolia Baker Kniphofia longistyla Baker; Kniphofia rhodesiana Rendle Chichewa: kaluatete Robust, clump-forming plants; leaves m x 8, very strongly keeled, margins smooth or minutely serrulate; inflorescence with a peduncle to 1.5 m long, head a slender raceme 50 1 long, ovoid to lanceolate, the apex often tapering narrowly, flowers mm long, yelloworange to red; in montane grassland or swampy areas; 1,550 2,700 m. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Malawi, reaching its northern limit on the Nyika. It is doubtful if the Nyika material is the same as the South Africa species. Source. Marais (1973: 475); Flora zambesiaca 12(3): 31 (2001). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Game Park, Mapopo area, Richards (herbarium not recorded); Chelinda Stream at Chelinda Camp, 1958, Robson & Angus 382 (K, LISC, PRE); without locality, 2000, Willis 35 (PRE); near Chelinda Camp, 2000, Kasakula 237 (MAL). No country given. 1958, Robson 427 (UZL). Kniphofia princeae (Berger) Marais Chichewa: kaluatete Plants solitary, m tall; leaves m x mm, strongly keeled, margins serrulate; inflorescence with a peduncle to 2.5 m long, heads in dense or lax racemes mm long, flowers mm long, orangered, vermilion or orange with yellow tips, anthers mostly included; in grassland or montane scrub along streams and on forest margins; 1,830 2,286 m. E. D.R.C., S. Tanzania, and N. Malawi. Source. Marais (1973: 470); Flora zambesiaca 12(3): 31 (2001). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Sangule Kopje, Brummitt (K); Businande Road, 1976, Phillips 1626 (M, SRGH). Bulbine abyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich. Bulbine asphodeloides auctt., non (L.) Willd. Tufted, hairless perennial herb mm tall; leaves 5 many, erect to arching, fleshy, grass-like, round to very narrowly linear, 2 6 mm wide; inflorescence mm tall, with numerous yellow flowers clustered towards the top; in montane grassland, near dambos, in miombo woodland, in seepage areas, and on shallow soils over sheetrock; 750 2,400 m. Eastern Africa, from South Africa to Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(3): 42 (2001). Malawi. Nyika National Park, 25 km S.E. of Chelinda Camp on Kasaramba Road, 1977, Grosvenor & Renz 1190 (K, SRGH); Mwanda Ridge, 2000, Winter 4183 (MAL).?Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1955, Lees 64 (UZL). Kniphofia grantii Baker Kniphofia zombensis Baker Chichewa: kaluatete Plants not clump-forming, with 1 3 shoots; leaves variable, linear to lanceolate, x mm, margins and keel smooth to minutely serrate; inflorescence stalks m long, head a dense ovoid raceme mm long, flowers yellow to yellowish green, mm long, stamens shortly exserted; in montane grassland, also in seasonally flooded areas, flowering September May with a peak in October January; 780 2,700 m. Zambia, Malawi, D.R.C., Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, and Tanzania. Source. Marais (1973: 476); Flora zambesiaca 12(3): 29 (2001). Malawi. Nyika National Park, toward Chelinda Bridge, 1969, Pawek 3268 (K); edge of Dam #2, 1975, Phillips 1269 (K, MO). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, without locality, 1955, Lees 123 (herbarium unknown). Excluded species Kniphofia reynoldsii Codd Robust perennial with inflorescences m tall; leaves m long, mm wide at base, linear, keeled, margins entire or minutely serrate; flowers in a slender raceme m long, spiciform, white, cream, greenish, tipped with brown, mm long; in rank grassland or scrub in montane grassland or miombo woodland; 1,250 2,000 m. Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania. The very tall, slender inflorescences of this species are unmistakable. Source. Marais (1974: 480); Flora zambesiaca 12(3): 27 (2001). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls slope, 2000, Mwanyambo 494 (MAL); edge of Kafwimba Forest, 1973, Pawek 6579 (K, MO, UC). Trachyandra malosana (Baker) Oberm. Tufted grass-like herb to 450 mm tall; leaves many, to 300 x 3 mm, linear, triangular in section, with scattered bristles, and glands arranged in 2 4 rows along the margins and midrib; inflorescences 1 5, branched, appearing before the leaves, peduncle and branches pubescent-glandular, flowers with spreading lobes, white or cream with a reddish keel; capsule mm long, 3-lobed, densely tuberculate; a pyrophyte in montane grassland; 1,900 2,500 m. Known only from Malawi and E. Zimbabwe. Source. Brummitt (1973: 67); Flora zambesiaca 12(3): 38 (2001). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Camp near Chelinda Stream, 1958, Robson & Angus 391 (K); Kasaramba View Road, 1969, Pawek 3312 (K); S. slopes of Nganda, 1972, Synge 464 (K, MAL, SRGH, PRE). Trachyandra saltii (Baker) Oberm. Anthericum saltii Baker Perennial grass-like herb mm tall; leaves to 600 mm long, mm wide, flat or 3-angular in section, hairless or with long straight hairs; inflorescences 1 6, unbranched, peduncle hairless or not, flowers white; capsules 2 5 mm long, roundish to 3-lobed, not tuberculate; in rocky montane grassland, forest margins, in open miombo woodland, and on rocky outcrops; 5 2,350 m. South Africa through eastern Africa to Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(3): 34 (2001). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Aloe swynnertonii Rendle Neither this species nor any of the closely allied taxa are recorded from the northern half of Malawi or Tanzania (Carter 2001) and, since we have no confirmation of the identity of this record, it is excluded. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Kniphofia splendida E.A.Bruce This species is recorded only from the S. of Malawi (Mt. Mulanje) and southwards to South Africa and, since we have no confirmation of the identity of this record, it is excluded. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). 292 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

49 Trachyandra saltii Chlorophytum colubrinum Gloriosa superba Littonia lindeni 10 mm 5 mm 5 mm Wurmbea tenuis subsp. goetzei Plants of the Nyika Plateau 293

50 COLCHICACEAE COLCHICACEAE Gloriosa superba L. Gloriosa simplex L. flame lily Scrambling herb to 1.5 m, sometimes self-supporting, arising from a fleshy whitish tuber; leaves ovate to lanceolate, base clasping the stem, apex often elongating into a tendril; flowers unmistakable, the six petals recurved backwards to form a goblet shape, deep red and yellow, sometimes orange or yellow; fruit a fleshy capsule splitting to reveal red seeds; in miombo woodland, riverine forest or in high-rainfall scrub or forest margins; flowering mid-summer. Widespread in southern and eastern Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Littonia lindeni Baker Erect herb or scrambling, arising from a tuber; leaves lanceolate, hairless; flowers pendulous on rather long stalks, bell-shaped with 6 pointed lobes, COMMELINACEAE deep orange; fruit a fleshy capsule; in miombo woodland. Zambia, Malawi, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Bolnick (1995: 63). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Wurmbea tenuis (Hook.f.) Baker subsp. goetzei (Engl.) B.Nord. Small erect plant mm tall; basal leaf erect, narrowly linear-filiform, mm long, cauline leaves not extending beyond the flowers; flowers (perianth) 7 10 mm long, with spreading, star-like segments (petals), white to greenish or cream, tube mm long; in wet short montane grassland on peaty or sandy soils; 1,200 2,300 m. Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, and D.R.C. Source. Nordenstam (1978: 225). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Lake Kaulime, 1959, Robinson 3043 (K, M, PRE). Aneilema hirtum A.Rich. Aneilema ringoeti De Wild.; Aneilema whytei C.B.Clarke Annual; leaf-blade sessile; inflorescence dense; flowers 8 10 mm wide, stamen filaments beaded with maroon hairs. Malawi and Zambia to Tanzania, Ethiopia, and D.R.C. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Aneilema welwitschii C.B.Clarke Aneilema densum Th.Fr.; Aneilema erectum De Wild.; Aneilema florentii De Wild. Roots tuberous; inflorescence dense; flowers yellow to orange, 9 14 mm wide; in savanna. Angola to Tanzania, Malawi, and Mozambique. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Commelina africana L. var. africana Perennial herb, spreading, rooting at nodes; leaves flat, glabrous; spathes solitary; spathe margins free; flower yellow, opens only in mornings. Widespread in Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL). Commelina africana L. var. lancispatha C.B.Clarke Perennial herb, spreading, rooting at nodes; leaves folded, glabrous; spathes solitary; spathe margins free, apex tapered; flowers yellow, opens only in mornings. South Africa to Central Africa, uncommon in W. Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE). Commelina africana L. var. krebsiana (Kunth) C.B.Clarke Perennial herb, spreading, rooting at nodes; leaves folded, hairy; spathes solitary; spathe margins free, apex tapered; flowers yellow, opening only in mornings. South Africa to Central Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Fingira Rock, 2000, Willis 225 (PRE). Commelina aspera Benth. Annual herb, erect; leaves narrow; spathes in clusters; spathe small, sharply pointed, reflexed, margins fused; flower yellow to white, open morning only; grassland and savanna, sometimes in disturbed areas. Angola, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe; E. Africa to Cameroon. Malawi. Nyika National Park, footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE). Commelina benghalensis L. Annual, spreading herb; leaves flat; leaf-sheath with long red or rarely colourless setae at mouth; spathes clustered, spathe margins fused; flower small, blue, rarely white; disturbed areas. Widespread and troublesome weed; southern Africa, tropical Africa, and Asia; naturalised in N. and S. America. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or details (Patel 1999). Commelina bracteosa Hassk. Commelina aspera auctt. Perennial herb; erect to straggling or prostrate; spathes single to laxly clustered, on peduncles; spathe margins fused; flowers blue, rarely white. Malawi and Mozambique, up to E. Africa, Sudan, and Cameroon. No country given. Nyika Plateau, 1967, Richards (UZL). Commelina cecilae C.B.Clarke Plant hairy; leaves broadly triangular, densely fringed with hairs; spathes with margins free, flowers numerous, large, blue. Zimbabwe and Malawi. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Makhanga, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6755 (MAL). Commelina sp. aff. C. grossa C.B.Clarke (description of C. grossa) Plant nearly glabrous; spathe margins free, spathes purple-green; flowers blue, cymes paired in spathe, upper cyme many-flowered. Source. Determined by R.B. Faden (US) Malawi. Nyika National Park, path to Chisanga Falls from road, 2000, Willis 34 (PRE). Commelina neurophylla C.B.Clarke Plant nearly glabrous; leaves often petiolate; spathe solitary, margins fused, longitudinal veins obscure; flowers blue. Malawi and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park; Chelinda Dam, 2000, Chapama 197 (FRIM); path to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook 10766B (PRE); Fingira Rock, 2000, Willis 229 (PRE); Dembo Bridge, 2000, Willis 24 (PRE). Cyanotis barbata D.Don Perennial, variable, hairy herb, easily detached corm, roots fibrous; no rosette of leaves; flower blue, rarely mauve or white; grasslands of high altitudes. Malawi and Zambia to E. Africa, Ethiopia, Sudan, and W. Africa; also along the Himalayas from India to China. Malawi. Nyika National Park; road at start of footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL); Dembo Bridge, 2000, Willis 22 (PRE). Cyanotis lanata Benth. Cyanotis lanata var. rubescens (A.Chev.) Schnell; Cyanotis longifolia sensu Berhaut, Fl. Senegal (1967: 351) Annual or short-lived perennial herb, cotton-hairy, rarely glabrous, roots fibrous; flowers purple, pink or white with pink; in seasonally wet places on or near rocks, sometime in cultivated ground. S. and tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). 294 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

51 Commelina neurophylla Aneilema hirtum Cyanotis longifolia Murdannia simplex Plants of the Nyika Plateau 295

52 Ascolepis capensis Bulbostylis densa subsp. afromontana Carex spicato-paniculata 10 mm 500 mm Coleochloa setifera 296 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

53 CYPERACEAE Cyanotis longifolia Benth. Perennial, variable herb, tuberously thickened roots; leaf rosette usually present; usually hairy; flowers blue, rarely pink or white; in savanna, miombo woodland or grassland. Tropical Africa and northern Namibia. Malawi. Nyika National Park; path to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE); Zungwara Road, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6879 (MAL, PRE, UZL). Cyanotis speciosa (L.f.) Hassk. Perennial herb, rhizome vertical to U-shaped, roots cylindrical; basal cluster of leaves present; flowers pale to deep blue or mauve; in grassland. CYPERACEAE Southern Africa to Tanzania; also in Madagascar. No country given. 1967, Richards (UZL). Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan Commelina simplex Vahl Perennial, robust, erect or sprawling herb; flowers light mauve to bluish, usually opening in the late afternoon; in woodland, wooded grassland, and dambos. South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and widespread in tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park; footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE); Runyina River Bridge, 2000, Willis 201 (PRE). Ascolepis capensis (Kunth) Ridl. Slender perennial; sheaths becoming black and fibrous at base; inflorescence a very rounded somewhat compressed white head; in wet or seasonally wet grassland, in swamp-edges, and on tussocks in swamps; 1,000 1,800 m. Throughout tropical and southern Africa. No country given. Nyika Plateau, 1967, Richards (UZL). Ascolepis protea Welw. var. bellidiflora Welw. Tufted perennial; leaves less than half the length of culm; inflorescence white rarely pale yellow, hemispherical to subglobose; wet grassland and other damp places. Scattered in tropical Africa from Nigeria to Ethiopia and S. to Zimbabwe and Angola. The A. protea collected by the Overton Expedition (Patel 1999) is probably this variety. Malawi. Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6903 (MAL, PRE); 2.5 km from Thazima Gate, 2000, Burrows & Maroyi 6815 (MAL, PRE). Bulbostylis contexta (Nees) Bodard Abildgaardia contexta (Nees) Lye; Bulbostylis collina (Kunth) C.B.Clarke; Bulbostylis zeyheri (Boeck.) C.B.Clarke Robust, tussocky perennial with a short woody rhizome; leaves tufted at base; inflorescence open or compact, especially in southern Africa; spikelet 5 8 mm long, glumes acute. Widespread in southern Africa as far N. as Angola and Kenya. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Bulbostylis densa (Wall.) Hand.-Mazz. subsp. afromontana (Lye) R.W.Haines Abildgaardia densa (Wall.) Lye subsp. afromontana Lye Tufted annual; glabrous or with short spine-like hairs scattered along culms and leaves; culms deeply grooved; inflorescence usually an umbel with 3 8 spikelets; spikelet 2 5 mm long, glumes dark brown with conspicuous pale green or grey midrib; shallow soils in upland areas. Common in South Africa, less frequent in tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, between Dam #2 and Chelinda Hill, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Sangula Kopje area, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Chosi Hill, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6738 (MAL, PRE); Thazima Gate, 2000, Burrows & Maroyi 6825 (MAL, PRE). Bulbostylis filamentosa (Vahl) C.B.Clarke Abildgaardia filamentosa (Vahl) Lye; Fimbristylis filamentosa (Vahl) K.Schum.; Bulbostylis metralis Cherm. Perennial with crowded culms from a short rhizome; leaves strongly scabrid; inflorescence a dense head 5 15 mm in diameter with individual spikelets hardly discernible; inflorescence bract often shorter than inflorescence, glume-like and with an excurrent mucro; spikelet 5 8 mm long; in temporarily wet places in grassland, swamps or rocky slopes. E. and W. Africa, occasional in southern Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Bulbostylis macra (Ridl.) Lye Bulbostylis macra (Ridl.) C.B.Clarke; Bulbostylis zambesica C.B.Clarke; Fimbristylis macra Ridl. Perennial, tufted, base swollen; leaves numerous almost filiform; inflorescence a solitary terminal, brown spikelet 6 13 mm long; in dryish woodlands. Widespread in tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Bulbostylis oligostachys (Hochst.) Lye Annual tufted with numerous flowering culms; culms angular with deep ridges; inflorescence a congested umbel, glumes black, pubescent. In seasonally wet soils in ditches and on shallow soils on rocks. E. and Central Africa and Angola. Malawi. Nyika National Park, between Dam #2 and Chelinda Hill, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Bulbostylis oritrephes (Ridl.) C.B.Clarke Abildgaardia oritrephes (Ridl.) Lye; Bulbostylis trichobasis (Baker) C.B.Clarke; Bulbostylis caespitosa Peter Slender perennial with culms growing in rows from a horizontal rhizome, lowest part of culms thickened and bulb-like; inflorescence usually with 1 3 (10) spikelets; spikelet 4 8 mm long, glumes dark reddish brown; on bare ground, in open seasonally wet grassland or disturbed areas, in heavily trodden or grazed areas; 950 1,700 m. Common in southern Africa; also in tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Nganda, 1972, Synge 369 (K, MAL). No country given. 1959, Robinson 3073 (UZL). Bulbostylis pilosa (Willd.) Cherm. Abildgaardia pilosa (Willd.) Nees; Fimbristylis africana T.Durand. & Schinz; Fimbristylis aphyllanthoides Ridl. A densely tufted perennial, rhizome thick, woody and creeping, culms crowded; inflorescence a solitary terminal head of 3 10 clustered spikelets; spikelet 8 15 mm long, ovate, compressed below, glumes golden or reddish brown; in open grassland or savanna; sea-level to 1,200 m. Tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Bulbostylis pusilla (A.Rich.) C.B.Clarke Annual, slender; capillary leaves; spikelets few, narrow, brown; moist grassy places, often on rock outcrops. Southern Africa, Central Africa, and Ethiopia; also in W. Africa and Chad. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest area, 2000, Smook 10922B (MAL, PRE). Bulbostylis scabricaulis Cherm. Abildgaardia collina (Ridl.) Lye Perennial, tufted with small clusters of bulb-like persistent culms, bases remaining attached to each other, the new ones arising within the broadened and hardened lower leaf-sheaths; inflorescence hemispherical with numerous spikelets; spikelets dark, culms scabrid hairy below inflorescence; in moist places. Southern Africa, eastern and W. Africa; also in Madagascar. Malawi. Nyika National Park, circular drive to Dembo River Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE). Bulbostylis sp. Resembling a capitate form of B. contexta? (= Abildgaardia contexta). Source. Brummitt (1973). Plants of the Nyika Plateau 297

54 CYPERACEAE Malawi. Nyika National Park, Nganda, 1972, Synge 368 (BR, EA, K, LISC, MAL, P, PRE, SRGH, UPS). Carex aethiopica Schkur. Perennial, tufted and leafy; leaves often red at base; inflorescence several erect spikes from upper nodes of culm, glumes reddish brown; along forest margins near watercourses. Occurring mainly in South Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest area, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL). Carex brassii Nelmes Perennial, tufted and leafy; inflorescence a slender panicle, glumes light brown; on stream banks in dense shade. Main known locality is Mt. Mulanje, Malawi. Closely related to C. spicato-paniculata. Malawi. Nyika National Park. without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Carex chlorosaccus C.B.Clarke Carex echinochloe Kunze var. chlorosaccus (C.B.Clarke) Kük. Perennial, tufted and leafy, rhizome woody; culms obtusely triquetrous; inflorescence a slender, much-branched panicle; spikelet 6 long; in moist forests and along paths and roads. Widespread, but mainly E. Africa to Ethiopia. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (MAL, PRE). Carex cognata Kunth var. congolensis (Turrill) Lye Carex congolensis Turrill; Carex pseudo-sphaerogyna Nelmes Perennial, tufted with small groups of culms arising together from short scaly stolons; inflorescence of 4 6 erect crowded spikes; in medium-altitude swamps. Zambia, Uganda, Rwanda, and D.R.C. Very close to var. cognata. No country given. Nyika Plateau, 1967, Richards (UZL). Carex conferta Hochst. ex A.Rich. var. lycurus (K.Schum.) Lye Carex lycurus K.Schum. Perennial, robust, rhizome thick and creeping, roots pale; culm triangular; leaf 5 12 mm wide; inflorescence dense panicle; spikelet 5 10 mm long; upland swamps, along streams, and near lakes. N. Malawi, Tanzania, and Kenya; possibly also in Zimbabwe. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). No country given. 1967, Richards (UZL). Carex echinochloe Kunze Perennial, tufted, leafy, rhizomatous; inflorescence a panicle; in open forest and woodland. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, and D.R.C. Malawi. Nyika National Park. without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Carex petitiana A.Rich. Carex fischeri K.Schum.; Carex cuprea (Kük.) Nelmes; Carex ninagongensis (Kük.) Robyns & Tournay Perennial, tufted or shortly creeping; culms bluntly triangular; inflorescence of 5 8 erect or drooping dense spikes, arising singly from leaf sheaths; in wet habitats along paths and streams. Ethiopia, E. Africa, Rwanda, and D.R.C. down to Zimbabwe; also in Nigeria and Cameroon. No country given. 1959, Robinson 3028 (UZL). Carex spicato-paniculata C.B.Clarke Perennial, tufted, rhizome thick; culms triangular; inflorescence of 1 2 pyramidal panicles from each of the upper leaf sheaths; spikelet 5 10 mm long; open to dense forest. Ethiopia, S.E. tropical Africa, and South Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Thazima Gate, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6759 (MAL); Sangule Kopje area, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Mbuzinandi, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6818 (MAL). Coleochloa setifera (Ridley) Gilly Densely tufted perennial grass-like plant; leaves convolute-cylindrical, mm wide when flattened, upper surface glabrous, lower surface hairy; 298 Plants of the Nyika Plateau inflorescence a lax panicle of 1 3 fascicles of spikes, spikelets 2 3 mm long; forming dense clumps on bare rock surfaces, often very common. Widespread in eastern tropical Africa from South Africa to Kenya; also in Madagascar. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Fingira Rock, 2000, Winter 4211 (PRE). Courtoisina cyperoides (Roxb.) Soják Courtoisina cyperoides (Roxb.) Nees Tufted annual, has a fenugreek odour; inflorescence with many almost spherical spikes; spikelets mm long, glumes yellowish grey with a green, strongly winged midrib; in seasonally wet grassland and temporary pools. Southern Africa, Mozambique, Angola, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, 2.5 km from Thazima Gate, 2000, Burrows & Maroyi 6816 (MAL, PRE). Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb. Juncellus alopecuroides (Rottb.) C.B.Clarke Robust perennial; culms triangular; basal leaves crowded; inflorescence umbel-like with 1 many clusters of spikes; spikelet mm long; in swamps and other wet areas, usually in standing water. Widespread in southern and tropical Africa; also in Madagascar, India, and Australia. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Cyperus amabilis Vahl Annual, slender to robust; culms solitary or crowded; leaf-sheaths short, reddish brown to purple; inflorescence orange-brown; in seasonally wet habitats, often in sandy soils near roads, lakes, and swamps. Widespread in tropical and South Africa; also in Madagascar, India, and S. America. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chosi Hill, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6739 (MAL, PRE). Cyperus angolensis Boeck. Tall perennial, stoloniferous with solitary culms from swollen culm-bases; inflorescence globose, dirty white; dry grassland with scrub and scattered trees, often in places where burning is frequent. Common in tropical Africa, less frequent in southern Africa. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, plateau above upper Mondwe Valley, 1972, Synge 396 (K, MAL). Cyperus denudatus L.f. var. lucenti-nigricans (K.Schum.) Kük. Perennial; culms sharply triangular to almost winged; inflorescence more usually tightly congested; spikelets blackish; in upland swamps and wet grasslands. Widespread in tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Cyperus distans L.f. Tufted perennial, rhizome short, thick; culms in a row or solitary; basal parts covered with leaf-sheaths; inflorescence compound umbel-like, at the base enclosed by a greenish to purplish tubular prophyll ending in two teeth or short blades; spikelet 7 long; wettish grasslands, streamsides, edges of pools and ditches, roadside banks, and in cultivation. Tropical and South Africa, Madagascar; Asia, Philippines, and Australia. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dembo bridge, 2000, Thera 3024 (MAL). Cyperus esculentus L. var. esculentus Perennial, robust, stoloniferous with root tubers; inflorescence of one sessile and 3 10 stalked spikes; spikelets 5 long, obtuse, brown or rust coloured; in seasonally wet grassland and swamps; also a weed of cultivation. Cosmopolitan, but in warmer areas. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Thazima Gate, 2000, Burrows & Maroyi 6819 (MAL, PRE). Cyperus exaltatus Retz.?Cyperus immensus C.B.Clarke var. taylorii C.B.Clarke

55 Courtoisina cyperoides Cyperus pseudoleptocladus Eleocharis brainii Fuirena stricta subsp. chlorocarpa 10 mm 260 mm 10 mm 175 mm Isolepis fluitans Plants of the Nyika Plateau 299

56 CYPERACEAE Robust perennial, rhizome short, thick and woody, breaking up into fibres; leaves crowded, with cutting edges; inflorescence open; spikelet 6 12 mm long, compressed, brown; in swamps and open water. E. Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Cyperus involucratus Rottb. Cyperus flabelliformis Rottb. nom. illeg.; Cyperus alternifolius L. subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.) Kük. Robust perennial, rhizome thick, woody and creeping; several culms placed in a straight row, culms rounded with longitudinal ridges, leaf blade very reduced so appearing leafless; inflorescence with numerous large involucral bracts; spikelet 2 10 mm long, compressed; in swamps, wet grassland, and stream banks. Common in tropical Africa; also in South Africa (KwaZulu- Natal), and in Madagascar. Widely cultivated as an ornamental. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Sawi Valley, 1972, Synge 457 (K, MAL). Cyperus keniensis Kük. Mariscus keniensis (Kük.) S.S.Hooper; Cyperus distans L.f. var. niger C.B.Clarke Tufted, robust perennial, rhizome short, thick; culms in a row or solitary; basal parts covered with leaf-sheaths; inflorescence compound, umbel-like, at the base enclosed by a greenish to purplish tubular prophyll ending in two teeth or short blades; spikelet 7 long, dark chestnut or black; in wettish grasslands, streamsides, edges of pools and ditches, roadside banks, and in cultivation; frequently associated with Pinus plantations. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola, Tanzania, Uganda, Burundi, and southern Africa, where it is possibly introduced. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dam #1, Chelinda Camp, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6860 (MAL, PRE); Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE); pond between Chelinda Camp and Chelinda Hill, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Mpopoti Peak, 2000, Willis & Luhanga 101 (LMA, MAL, PRE, SRGH, UZL). Cyperus margaritaceus Vahl var. margaritaceus Robust perennial, base swollen and bulb-like, covered by hardened reddish brown or blackish leaf sheaths; inflorescence a solitary congested head of 2 8 spikelets; spikelet 8 25 mm long; in open woodland or grassland, often on sandy soils. Widespread in tropical and southern Africa. No country given. Nyika Plateau, 1961, Fitzgerald 2976 (UZL). Cyperus nduru Cherm. Robust perennial, base of culm swollen and flask-shaped; leaves few and short; inflorescence a solitary congested head of 2 4 spikelets; in recently burnt grassland and open woodland. Common in tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Jalawe View Point, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Cyperus niveus Retz var. leucocephalus (Kunth) Fosberg Cyperus obtusiflorus Vahl var. obtusiflorus Perennial, culm bases swollen and fused into a horizontal rhizome; roots slender; culms crowded and often growing in a straight line; inflorescence a solitary usually globose head of 5 50 spikelets, white when young turning pale reddish brown; in dry grassland, savanna, rocky slopes, and on shallow soil over rocks. Rare in tropical Africa, common in southern Africa; also on the Indian Ocean islands. A taxonomically difficult complex. Malawi. Nyika National Park, between Dam #2 and Chelinda Hill, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Cyperus pseudoleptocladus Kük. Perennial, robust, with short woody rhizome; culm scabrid at least below the inflorescence; inflorescence open, involucral bracts leafy; spikelet 4 8 mm long, reddish brown; in open parts of forest and woodland, also on banks of roadsides in forest. South Africa, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda. This is the first record for Nyika. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Mwanda Mountain, 2000, Willis 175 (PRE). Cyperus rupestris Kunth var. rupestris Perennial, mat-forming; inflorescence a solitary head of numerous dark 300 Plants of the Nyika Plateau red to blackish spikelets; in shallow soils. Rare in tropical Africa, common in southern Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Cyperus tenax Boeck. Perennial, densely tufted, rhizome erect; covered by old leaf-bases; lower part of culms with numerous crowded leaves; inflorescence open, rarely with one sessile head only; spikelet 3 15 mm long, dark brown to blackish; in dry sandy grassland and savanna. Widespread and common in tropical and southern Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Cyperus tomaiophyllus K.Schum. Mariscus tomaiophyllus (K.Schum.) C.B.Clark Robust perennial, rhizome branching, woody, up to thick, with scales; inflorescence mm wide with 6 12 spikes on long peduncles; spikelets numerous, 6 10 mm long, glumes pale and margins uncoloured; in wet habitats in mountains. Widespread in tropical Africa, E. Africa, and Cameroon, but not in Zimbabwe, Zambia, or Mozambique. Malawi. Nyika National Park, stream below Lake Kaulime, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6867 (MAL, PRE). Eleocharis brainii Svenson Dwarf annual, tufted; roots and culms short and slender; leaf blades very reduced, appearing leafless; spikelet minute, 1 2 mm long. Also occurring in Zimbabwe. No country given. Nyika Plateau, 1967, Richards (UZL). Fuirena pubescens (Poir.) Kunth Perennial, rhizome long and creeping; culms triangular with obscure longitudinal ridges; inflorescence of several pedunculate clusters of spikelets; inflorescence bracts leafy; mature spikelet 6 8 mm long, in swamps and seasonally wet grassland, on lake edges, and river-banks. Common and widespread in tropical and southern Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Fuirena stricta Steud. Perennial, loosely tufted, rhizome short, creeping; inflorescence of several clusters of spikelets, each cluster of 2 8 spikelets; spikelet 4 8 mm long, angular; in bogs and edges of swamps and lakes. Southern and eastern Africa. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Sawi Valley, 1972, Synge 459 (K, MAL). Fuirena stricta Steud. subsp. chlorocarpa Lye Perennial, rhizome creeping; inflorescence of several clusters of spikelets; spikelet terete; in damp ground. Tropical Africa and South Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dam #2, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH); forest patch near Sangule Kopje, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH); near Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Fuirena welwitschii Ridl. Fuirena pubescens (Poir.) Kunth var. buchananii (Boeck.) C.B.Clarke Slender perennial, rhizome long, creeping, culms usually arising at intervals, occasionally crowded, triangular; leaves usually short and stiff; inflorescence of few or many spikelets in 1 several clusters, supported by narrow green leafy bracts; spikelet up to 25 mm long; in seasonally wet or flooded grassland. Malawi, Zimbabwe, and E. Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL). Isolepis fluitans (L.) R.Br. Low-growing, carpet-forming perennial with creeping much-branched culms, often rooting at nodes, scales becoming fibrous; inflorescence a solitary pedunculated spikelet, terminal on lateral shoots and with additional

57 CYPERACEAE spikelets from leaf axils; in bogs at high altitudes and other wet places, sometimes an emergent aquatic. Widespread, mainly in the tropics of the Old World. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dam #2, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). Kyllinga alba Nees Cyperus cristatus (Kunth) Mattf. & Kük. var. exalatus Merxm. Robust perennial, densely tufted, rhizome short; culm sharply triangular; inflorescence a single globose or shortly ovate white head fading to pale dirty brown; spikelet mm long; on rocky mountain slopes and roadsides. Tanzania southwards to southern Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Kyllinga tenuifolia Steud. Kyllinga triceps Rottb.; Cyperus triceps Endl.; Cyperus tenuifolius (Steud.) Dandy Perennial, rhizome absent; base of culms swollen and bulb-like, bulbs persisting; culms angular; leaves often with dark purple spots or stripes; inflorescence pale green to greyish white head with few distinct spikes; spikelet mm long; along stream-sides. Zambia, Malawi, and E. Africa; also in India and the Americas. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Sangule Kopje, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). No country given. 1959, Robinson 3085 (UZL). Kyllingiella microcephala (Steud.) Haines & Lye Perennial, densely tufted, leafy; culm bases swollen and bulb-like, leafsheaths persistent, often splitting into fibres; inflorescence a dense terminal head, whitish, but drying greyish or very pale reddish brown; on damp soils on open rocks with seepage. Widespread, but scattered; South Africa to Angola and E. Africa to Ethiopia; also in India. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Thazima Gate, 2000, Burrows & Maroyi 6818 (MAL, PRE). Lipocarpha comosa J.Raynal Perennial, with stolons; culms obscurely triangular; inflorescence a single whitish spherical head of numerous crowded spikelets, with very long whitish involucral bracts; in seasonally wet grassland, miombo woodland. Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, and D.R.C. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality, 1978, Pawek (herbarium not recorded); Thazima Gate, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6823 (MAL, PRE). Mariscus cylindristachyus Steud. Mariscus umbellatus auctt., non Vahl; Mariscus alternifolius auctt.; Cyperus subumbellatus Kük. Perennial, with a short horizontal rhizome; culm bases slightly swollen; culms triangular; inflorescence surrounded by numerous leaf-like bracts, a short, dense spike, golden yellow when young, brown when mature; a weed of cultivated land, in seasonally burnt grassland or in open parts of forests. Widespread in tropical Africa, rare in southern Africa. No country given. Nyika Plateau, 1959, Robinson 3100 (UZL). Mariscus deciduus (Boeck.) C.B.Clarke Cyperus deciduus Boeck. Slender perennial, rhizome woody, roots brown or purplish; culms triangular; inflorescence usually open; spikelet 3 10 mm long, green to brown, usually disarticulating entirely when mature; in wet grassland. Tropical and southern Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Mariscus dubius (Rottb.) Kük. ex C.E.C.Fisch. subsp. dubius Cyperus dubius Rottb.; Cyperus kyllingioides Vahl Variable, tussocky perennial with many crowded culms and leaves; culms triangular, bases succulent, lower leaf sheaths occasionally splitting into fibres; inflorescence a solitary, greenish white or dirty white congested head; spikelet 2 5 mm long. Widespread in tropical and southern Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Mariscus foliosus? C.B.Clarke Cyperus luteus Boeck.; Cyperus chermezonianus Robyns & Tournay; Cyperus foliosus K.Schum., non Willd. ex Kunth Robust perennial, rhizome short, creeping; culm bases swollen; leaves at base; inflorescence surrounded by numerous leaf-like bracts, a congested group of spikes with or without additional stalked spikes; spikelet mm long, falling off entirely when mature; in wet grassland and a weed of cultivation. Possibly E. Africa and Madagascar. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Mariscus longibracteatus Cherm. Cyperus distans L.f. subsp. longibracteatus (Cherm.) Lye Tufted perennial; short thick rhizome; basal part covered with leaf-sheaths; inflorescence compound, umbel-like with very long involucral bracts up to 250 mm long; spikelet greenish; in wettish grasslands, on stream-banks, edges of pools, and roadsides. Malawi, E. Africa, and W. Africa; also in Madagascar. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Mpopoti, 2000, Mwanyambo 552 (MAL). Mariscus rubrotinctus Cherm. Cyperus distans L.f. var. rubrotinctus (Cherm.) Lye; Cyperus bojeri C.B.Clarke ex T.Durand & Schinz, nom. nud. Robust perennial, tufted, rhizome short, thick, culms usually set in a row or solitary, triangular; inflorescence compound umbel-like; spikelet 7 long, reddish; in wet grassland, on stream-banks, edges of pools and ditches, roadside banks, and in cultivation. E. Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Mariscus sumatrensis (Retz.) J.Raynal Robust perennial, rhizome very short, woody, green; culm bases swollen; inflorescence umbel-like with short spikes with numerous, crowded, small spikelets; spikelet mm long; a weed of cultivation, along footpaths in forests, rarely in grassland and savanna. Widespread in Old World. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Sangule Kopje area, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL). Pycreus aethiops (Welw. ex Ridl.) C.B.Clarke Cyperus aethiops Welw. ex Ridl.; Cyperus aethiops Welw. ex Ridl. var. tessmannii Kük.; Cyperus aethiops Welw. ex Ridl. var. aberdarensis (Kük.) Kük.; Cyperus aberdarensis Kük. Robust perennial, roots numerous; culm bases slightly swollen, blackish; inflorescence open or contracted with dense globose or elongated spikes; spikelet 6 12 mm long, brown to blackish. Widespread in tropical Africa; also in Botswana. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, W. of Nganda, 1972, Synge 470 (MAL, SRGH, EA, K). Pycreus melas (Ridl.) C.B.Clarke Pycreus ater (C.B.Clarke) Cherm.; Cyperus melas Ridl. Slender annual, root system minute; leaves shorter than culms; inflorescence a cluster of 4 8 sessile spikelets or with additional stalked clusters; spikelet 5 15 mm long, dark brown to blackish; in seepage areas. Tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Sangule Kopje, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL); between Chelinda Hill and Kasaramba Road, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL); Chelinda Dam, 2000, Chapama 196 (MAL). Pycreus niger (Ruiz & Pav.) Cufod. subsp. elegantulus (Steud.) Lye Cyperus niger Ruiz & Pav. subsp. elegantulus Stoloniferous perennial that may appear annual if stolons are not present, tufted, slender stolons sometimes rooting at nodes; culm bases not swollen; Plants of the Nyika Plateau 301

58 Kyllinga alba Del. Sandie Burrows Kyllingiella microcephala Lipocarpha comosa Mariscus sumatrensis Pycreus melas 302 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

59 CYPERACEAE inflorescence a single compact head or with additional stalked lateral clusters; spikelet 2 5 mm long; in wet grassland, in swamps, and along streams. Widespread in tropical and southern Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999); Dembo River Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE); Chelinda Dam #1, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6952 (MAL, PRE). Rhynchospora brownii Roem. & Schult. Rhynchospora rugosa sensu Napper; Rhynchospora glauca Vahl Slender perennial, rhizome short, tufted, leafy; culms triangular with shallow longitudinal grooves and minute spines on some ridges; inflorescence a slender panicle; spikelet 4 5 mm long; in bogs, swamps, and on streamsides. Scattered in tropical Africa, more common in South Africa and Madagascar. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without precise locality, 1959, Robinson 3038 (UZL). No country given. 1959, Robinson 3006 (UZL). Schoenoplectus brachyceras (A.Rich.) Lye Stout, tough perennial, rhizome short, thick and woody, leafless; culms often dense and numerous, rounded with indistinct longitudinal ridges; inflorescence simple or compound with clusters of spikelets on unequal branches; spikelet 3 8 mm long, often dark brown; mainly in upland areas in bogs and along streams, often forming dense green clumps conspicuous at a distance. Infrequent in tropical Africa, common in southern Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dembo River Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE). Schoenoxiphium lehmannii (Nees) Steud. Slender perennial, base slightly swollen and covered by fibrous remains of old leaf bases, roots stiff; inflorescence scanty; in open places in upland forests. Widely distributed in eastern Africa from Ethiopia to South Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL). Scleria bulbifera Hochst. ex A.Rich. var. bulbifera Scleria bulbifera var. schweinfurthiana (Boeck) Piérart; Scleria buchananii Boeck; Scleria atrosanguinea Hochst. ex Steud. Perennial, rhizome creeping, stolons present, culm base woody, thickened into bulb-like swellings; culms crowded or distant, triangular; inflorescence a lax crowded spike ; in seasonally wet grassland and miombo woodland, often in shallow soils over rock. Widely distributed throughout tropical Africa and South Africa; also in Madagascar. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls, 2000, Kasakula 214 (MAL); Chisanga Falls, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6758 (MAL, PRE); Thazima Gate, 2000, Burrows & Maroyi 6817 (MAL, PRE). No country given. 1961, Robinson 4501 (UZL). Scleria delicatula Nelmes Scleria spondylogona Nelmes Slender annual; inflorescence spicate, 1 8 spikelets per glomerule; spikelet mm long; in seasonally damp shallow soils on rock outcrops, often in seepage areas or pools. Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Scleria dieterlenii Turrill Perennial, rhizome brittle with a fleshy tuber; inflorescence spicate or rarely with branches in lower part; spikelet 4 5 mm long; in seasonally wet grassland or any waterlogged ground. South Africa to Angola, W. Africa, and Tanzania; very common in the summer rainfall areas of southern Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, between Dam #2 and Chelinda Hill, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Scleria dregeana Kunth Scleria meyeriana Kunth; Scleria holcoides Kunth; Scleria caespitosa Welw. ex Ridl. Perennial, rhizome short, creeping or absent; inflorescence spicate or sparsely to strongly branched; spikelet 4 6 mm long; in wet grassland, swamps, and damp river-banks. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Scleria erythrorrhiza Ridl. Perennial, rhizome woody; leaves hairy; inflorescence spicate, rarely with single stalked glomurule, spikelet 4 6 mm long; in seasonally wet grassland and more permanent swamps. Zambia, Angola, Tanzania, and D.R.C. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Scleria longispiculata Nelmes Robust perennial, rhizome woody, long and creeping, culms at intervals; leaves hairy; inflorescence spicate; spikelet 8 9 mm long; in well-drained sandy soils near waterlogged grassland in Brachystegia woodland. Zambia, Namibia, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Scleria melanomphala Kunth Scleria macrantha Boeck.; Scleria centralis Cherm.; Scleria longigluma Kük. Robust perennial, rhizome with very short internodes, young shoots often crowded around base; inflorescence of one terminal and 5 9 often pendulous panicles, panicles narrow and dark. Widespread throughout tropical Africa and South Africa; also in Madagascar and S. America. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, near lower Mondwe River, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 232 (K); Vitinthiza Hill slopes, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6810 (MAL). Scleria nyasensis C.B.Clarke Perennial, rhizome short, roots purple; culms densely crowded, with minute retrorse prickles; inflorescence of panicles; in wet part of swamps, often clambering through other vegetation. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, Uganda, Burundi, and D.R.C. No country given. Nyika Plateau, 1959, Robinson 3031 (UZL). Scleria poaeoides Ridl. Scleria multispiculata Boeck; Scleria prophyllata Nelmes Slender perennial, rhizome short, creeping, tufted; inflorescence compound with many slender compound branches; spikelet 3 4 mm long. Widespread in tropical Africa; also in Madagascar. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Scleria pulchella Ridl. Small annual, tufted; inflorescence short and either unbranched or shortly branched; spikelet 2 4 mm long; in river-beds, seepage areas or seasonally swampy places. Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Tanzania, and D.R.C. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Sangule Hill, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH); Zungwara Road, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6878 (PRE); Chelinda Dam #1, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6951 (MAL, PRE). No country given. Nyika Plateau, 1961, Robinson 4527 (UZL). Scleria racemosa Poir. Scleria ciliolata Boeck; Scleria palmifolia Hoffmans Robust perennial, rhizome scaly, branched; leaves plicate; inflorescence confined to upper part of plant of one terminal and 3 9 lateral panicles; in swamp forest near rivulets, in damp ground and usually in partial shade, culms often growing through branches of bushes. Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Angola, Kenya, Tanzania, Sudan, and D.R.C.; also in Madagascar Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest, 2000, Chikuni 521 (MAL); without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Scleria richardsiae E.A.Rob. Perennial, rhizome a knotty mass of culm bases; leaves sparsely hairy; inflorescence simply branched; spikelet mm long; in perennially wet Plants of the Nyika Plateau 303

60 Rhynchospora brownii Schoenoplectus brachyceras Schoenoxiphium lehmannii 150 mm 150 mm Scleria bulbifera Dioscorea quartiniana 304 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

61 DIOSCOREACEAE places in thick grassy vegetation, often along mountain streams. Tanzania, Zambia, and Malawi. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dembo River Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Scleria welwitschii C.B.Clarke Scleria junciformis Welw. ex Ridl. Slender perennial, rhizome woody, long, creeping; culms weakly erect; inflorescence simply branched with slender branches; in swamps or seasonally wet grassland. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola, and Tanzania. No country given. 1959, Robinson 3027 (UZL). Scleria woodii C.B.Clarke Scleria striatonux (striatinux) De Wild.; Scleria rehmannii C.B.Clarke var. ornata Cherm. Slender perennial, rhizome long, slender, fleshy, and brittle, horizontally spreading; inflorescence a lax panicle; spikelet 4 5 mm long; in marshy ground or seasonally wet grassland. Widely distributed throughout tropical Africa and South Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Sangule Kopje, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL). No country given. 1959, Robinson 3088 (UZL). Excluded species Cyperus aureolatus Lye A reference to this name could not be traced. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth, non A.Rich. bitter yam, three-leaved yam Tuber solitary and deeply lobed, or main tuber plus several smaller ones, stems left-twining, set with sharp prickles; leaves alternate, 3-foliate, terminal leaflet broadly elliptic, rounded, apiculate to acuminate; capsule 3-lobed, x mm; in riverine forest, forest margins, termite mounds, and rocky areas; 500 1,400 m. Zimbabwe northwards throughout tropical Africa to Senegal and Ethiopia. Tubers occasionally used as a famine-food after washing and drying to remove the toxins. Source. Wilkin (2001: 385). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Dioscorea quartiniana A.Rich. Tubers several in a cluster near the soil surface, stems left-twining, without prickles, small bulbils sometimes present in the leaf axils; leaves alternate, digitate with 3 7(9) lobes; capsule 3-lobed x 9 18 mm; in forest, forest margins, and grasslands; 0 2,000 m. Throughout tropical Africa; also in Madagascar. This species is not recorded from Malawi (N.) in Wilkin (2001). Source. Wilkin (2001: 394). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999); Manchewe Falls (White et al. 2001: 97). Dracaena afromontana Mildbr. Dracaena reflexa Lam. var. nitens Sparsely-branched shrub or tree 2 7 m tall, or scandent to 8 m; leaves narrowly lanceolate, x mm, base gradually narrowing, but abruptly amplexicaul, apex acute; flowers mm long, white or cream, in panicles mm long; fruit round, orange, mm diameter; in montane rainforest; 1,900 2,400 m. Malawi northwards through eastern Africa to Sudan and Ethiopia. Source. Beentje (1993: 639); White et al. (2001: 98). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1946, Brass (White et al. 2001); eastern escarpment forests (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 354). Dracaena laxissima Engl. Dracaena elegans Hua Sparsely-branched scandent shrub to 8 m high; leaves evenly distributed, elliptic, x mm, base tapering to rounded, apex acuminate, petiole forming a stem-clasping sheath; flowers white, in panicles mm long, flowers 4 10 mm long; fruit round or lobed, red-orange, 6 9 mm diameter; in montane and mid-altitude rainforest; 1,600 2,450 m. DRACAENACEAE ERIOCAULACEAE Mozambique, Malawi northwards to Kenya and Nigeria. A decoction of the roots is used in Kenya to treat venereal diseases. Source. Beentje (1993: 640); White et al. (2001: 99). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Kasyaula and Zovochipolo Forests (Dowsett- Lemaire 1985: 317); Zovochipolo Forest, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6897 (PRE). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Manyenjere, Kasoma, and Chowo Forests (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 317). Dracaena steudneri Engl. Dracaena papau Engl. Tree 8 18 m tall, sparsely branched, branches ascending ending in a large cluster of leaves; inner leaves stiffly erect, outer ones drooping, up to 1 m long, narrowly lanceolate, characteristically longitudinally-pleated, dark green; flowers cream to yellow-green, in panicles m long, flowers mm long; fruit red, orange or yellow, round, mm diameter; a pioneer species in evergreen forest; 1,000 2,100 m. Zimbabwe and Mozambique northwards to Ethiopia and Sudan. Source. Beentje (1993: 639); White et al. (2001: 101). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Manyenjere Forest (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 316). Eriocaulon buchananii Ruhland Slender tufted annual herb; leaves in a small basal rosette, broadly linear, x 1 3 mm, flowering stalks up to 50, 4- to 5-ribbed, mm long, flowering head roundish to ovoid, 4 5 mm wide, anthers black; seeds reddish brown, transversely white papillose-striate; in shallow water of pans, boggy grassland or seasonally-flooded grassland, ca 1,000 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Burundi, and Tanzania. This collection is dubious; it is generally a species of lower altitudes and Phillips (1998) quotes nothing from the Nyika nor any modern (20 th century) collections from Malawi. Source. Phillips (1998: 46). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Eriocaulon mesanthemoides Ruhland Robust tufted perennial herb; leaves narrowly lanceolate, x 6 10 mm, tip obtuse; flowering stalks 1 5, stout, 8- to 9-ribbed, mm high; flowering heads roundish, mm diameter, white speckled black, anthers black; seeds mid-brown; in montane grassland, on swampy ground, and wet streamsides. Malawi (Nyika only), Tanzania, and Kenya. E. mesanthemoides appears to be almost restricted to the Ulugurus in Tanzania and the Aberdares in Kenya, with an outlying population on the Nyika Plateau. Very similar to E. schimperi. Source. Phillips (1998: 32). Malawi. N. end of Nyika Plateau, W. foot of Nganda, 2,350 m, 1972, Brummitt, Munthali & Synge WC54 (K, SRGH). Plants of the Nyika Plateau 305

62 Dracaena laxissima Dipcadi viride Del. Margaret Tebbs Albuca abyssinica Eriocaulon buchananii Del. Margaret Tebbs 150 mm Eucomis autumnalis subsp. autumnalis 306 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

63 HYACINTHACEAE Eriocaulon mutatum N.E.Br. var. mutatum Small rosulate annual herb; leaves awl-shaped to filiform, x 2 10 mm; flowering stalks 10 50, 2- to 4-ribbed, mm long, flowering head roundish to dome-shaped, 1.5 3(4) mm wide, anthers black; seeds uniformly brown; on shallow margins and muddy edges of drying pools, and in seepage areas over rocks, at 1,300 2,000 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, S. Tanzania, D.R.C., and Angola. Source. Phillips (1998: 23). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, ca 14 km down Nthalire Road, 1973, Pawek 6998 (K). Eriocaulon pictum Fritsch Eriocaulon amphibium Rendle Perennial herb forming clusters of leaf rosettes; leaves lanceolate, x 3 5 mm, thick and spongy, woolly in the axils with long matted hairs, tip hard, acute; flowering stalks single or a few, 6- to 8-ribbed, mm high, flowering heads roundish, 8 12 mm wide, grey, turning white, anthers black; seeds brown with short projections; in seasonal pools and on swampy ground, often in peat bogs in association with E. teusczii; 1,500 2,200 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Angola, and southern Tanzania Source. Phillips (1998: 23). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Lake Kaulime, 1958, Robson 293 (K, SRGH). Eriocaulon schimperi Koern ex Ruhland Robust tufted perennial from a short rootstock; leaves broadly linear, thick, slightly glossy, x 4 14 mm, tip broadly rounded; flowering stalks 2 5, stout, 8- to 10-ribbed, mm long, flowering head rounded to slightly flattened, mm wide, anthers black, seeds brown; in wet montane grassland and marshy streamsides, at 2,200 2,500 m. Malawi (Nyika only), D.R.C., Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Sudan. This species is primarily E. African, reaching its southernmost point on the Nyika Plateau where it may be abundant, especially around Lake Kaulime. The population on the Nyika Plateau has pure white flower heads with pale involucral bracts and densely white-hairy floral bracts. Source. Phillips (1998: 23). No country given. 1967, Richards (UZL). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Lake Kaulime, 1958, Robson 273 (K); Chelinda River bridge, 1976, Pawek (K, SRGH). Excluded species Eriocaulon teusczii Engl. & Ruhland ex Ruhland Almost certainly confused for E. pictum, which it closely resembles (see also Phillips 1998: 28). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). HYACINTHACEAE Albuca abyssinica Murray Albuca melleri (Baker) Baker; Albuca angolensis Welw. ex Baker Bulbous plants m tall, bulb to 80 mm diameter; leaves lanceolate, to 1 m x 50 mm, ciliate or hairy; flowers in a lax raceme of flowers, pedicels 2 long, flowers nodding, cream to yellow with a green midrib; in grassland or open woodland; 0 2,000 m. Malawi to Angola and northwards to Ethiopia and Arabia. Source. F.T.E.A. Hyacinthaceae: 22 (1996). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); Chosi Hill, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6746 (MAL, PRE). Albuca kirkii (Baker) Brenan Albuca pachychlamys auctt., sensu Agnew, Cribb & Leedal, non Baker.; Albuca nyikensis Baker Bulbous plants to 1.5 m tall, usually much smaller; leaves appearing with or after the flowers, up to 550 x 6 15 mm, narrowly lanceolate, glabrous; flowers in a raceme of 4 40 flowers, pedicels mm long, flowers held erect, white to cream with a green midline; in grassland, scrub or wooded grassland; 1,000 2,700 m. Mozambique and Zimbabwe to Zambia, Angola, D.R.C., Tanzania, and Kenya. Source. Brummitt (1972); F.T.E.A. Hyacinthaceae: 21 (1996). Malawi. Nyika National Park, N.E. foot of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 120 (K); Vitinthiza Hill slope, 2000, Mwanyambo 574 (MAL). Dipcadi viride (L.) Moench Plants mm tall (sometimes more), bulb mm diameter; leaves 1 15, filiform to linear, 1 10 mm wide; flowers in a raceme of 4 20 flowers, flowers yellow-green to brownish, lobes slender, markedly reflexed; fruit a capsule 5 11 mm long; in montane grassland, or wooded grassland, often in shallow soils over rocks; 100 2,380 m. Widespread in southern and tropical Africa. Source. F.T.E.A. Hyacinthaceae: 3 (1996). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Drimia elata Jacq. ex Willd. Drimia zombensis Baker Bulbous plant m tall, flowering before the leaves appear; leaves linear, ca 300 x 7 mm; inflorescence a raceme of flowers per 100 mm length, whitish, tinged brownish purple; fruit an ovoid-ellipsoid capsule ca 10 mm long; in grassland; 1,250 2,500 m. South Africa to Angola, Zambia, Tanzania, and Kenya. Source. F.T.E.A. Hyacinthaceae: 17 (1996). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Eucomis autumnalis (Miller) Chitt. subsp. autumnalis Eucomis undulata Aiton pineapple lily Bulbous plant to 500 mm tall; leaves in a rosette, linear to ovate, x mm, more or less hairless, margins undulate; inflorescence robust with a thick stalk, densely set with greenish white flowers up to long; in montane grassland, often among rocks, and on forest margins. South Africa to Malawi. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Ledebouria revoluta (L.f.) Jessop Scilla indica (Wight) Bak. non Roxb.; Scilla hyacinthina (Roth.) J.F.Macbr. Bulbous plant to 200 mm tall, bulbs mm long; leaves 4 8, appressed to the ground, ovate to lanceolate, often with purple spots or irregular blotches; inflorescence suberect, flowers mauve-purple, sometimes greenish; fruit a roundish capsule; in rocky grassland or woodland; 125 2,700 m. South Africa northwards through much of tropical Africa. Source. F.T.E.A. Hyacinthaceae: 15 (1996). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Scilla nervosa (Burch.) Jessop Scilla rigidifolia Baker Plants robust, up to 500 mm tall, bulb 80 mm diameter; leaves lanceolate, up to 380 x 35 mm, glabrous; inflorescence a raceme of many small white to pinkish flowers; fruit a capsule 4 x 6 mm; in montane grassland, often among rocks; 900 2,570 m. South Africa to Angola, Zambia, and Tanzania. Source. F.T.E.A. Hyacinthaceae: 10 (1996). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Plants of the Nyika Plateau 307

64 Drimia elata Scilla nervosa Del. Margaret Tebbs 250 mm Ledebouria revoluta Hypoxis polystachya Aristea woodii 130 mm 10 mm 10 mm 308 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

65 IRIDACEAE Excluded species Urginea nyasae Rendle We have no reference to a current use of this name. Described from Mt. Mulanje in southern Malawi (Rendle 1894), it would seem to be endemic to that mountain or nearly so (Binns 1968). We have therefore excluded it pending the appearance of the Hyacinthaceae treatment for Flora zambesiaca. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). HYPOXIDACEAE Hypoxis filiformis Baker Hypoxis dregei (Baker) Nel; Hypoxis malosana Baker Slender erect perennial herb; leaves linear to terete, x mm, hairy or not; flowers appearing before the leaves, yellow; capsule 2 3 mm long; in swampy grassland, dambos, and montane grassland; 0 2,440 m. South Africa to Angola, D.R.C., Tanzania, and Uganda. Source. Brummitt (1972); Zimudzi (1996: 16); Flora zambesiaca 12(3): 10 (2001). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); plateau above Mondwe Valley, 1972, Synge 392 (K, MAL, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, close to Rest House, 1956, Benson 144 (K); 1972, Fanshawe 7248 (UZL); ca 3 km S.W. of Rest House, 1958, Robson & Angus 210 (K, LISC). Hypoxis goetzei Harms Robust perennial herb to ca 350 mm tall; leaves arching when mature, x mm when mature, hairless except for golden brown hairs along the margins and on the midrib below; flowers produced before the leaves, mm diameter, yellow; capsule x 3 5 mm, crowned with the persistent perianth; montane grassland, dambos, high-rainfall miombo woodland, usually in stony, sandy soils; 850 2,185 m. Zimbabwe to D.R.C. and Kenya. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(3): 8 (2001); Zimudzi (1996: 14). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 4 km S.W. of Rest House, 1958, Robson & Angus 235 (K, LISC, UZL). Hypoxis nyasica Baker Hypoxis villosa sensu Zimudzi (1997), pro parte Slender perennial herb mm tall; leaves erect to straggling or prostrate, linear, grass-like, overlapping and sheathing at the base, to 670 mm long, 3 10 mm wide, thinly hairy, becoming more or less glabrous; inflorescence shorter than the leaves, flowers yellow; in montane grassland, often near streams, in miombo woodland, dambo margins, and on rocky hillsides; 100 2,350 m. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Source. Zimudzi (1996: 14); Flora zambesiaca 12(3): 16 (2001). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Kasaramba Viewpoint, 1982, Brummitt, Polhill & Banda (K, MAL); without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Hypoxis polystachya Welw. ex Baker Hypoxis villosa complex sensu Zimudzi (1997), pro parte Robust perennial herb to 0.75 m tall, with a developed pseudostem to 200 mm long; leaves linear, stiffly erect, becoming lax, to 750 mm long, 5 wide, variously hairy, sparser above; inflorescence appearing with, and shorter than, the leaves, yellow; capsule 4 8 mm long; in montane grassland and high-rainfall miombo woodland; 900 2,150 m. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Tanzania, and Kenya. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(3): 14 (2001). Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Chelinda Bridge turn-off on Chelinda- Kasaramba Road, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6948 (MAL, PRE). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, ca 9 km S.W. of Government Rest House, 1958, Robson & Angus 341 (K, LISC). IRIDACEAE Aristea angolensis (N.E.Br.) Weim. Aristea zombensis Baker Plants mm high; leaves several, mostly basal, about half as long as the stem, mm wide, linear to narrowly lanceolate, stem 2- to 6- branched, more or less elliptic in section, not winged, branches short, slender, erect; flowering clusters 4 14, with 4 6 flowers per cluster, flowers sessile, blue, petals 12 x 4 5 mm; in wet sites, in seepage areas, dambos, or shallow marshes, flowering November February. South Africa to Angola, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Ethiopia. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Aristea nyikensis Baker Plants mm high; leaves 5 8, lower 3 5 basal, linear, 4 6 mm wide, rigid, two thirds as long as the stem, stem simple or 1- to 2-branched, slightly compressed, flowers in clusters of 2 4, sessile, deep blue, petals obovate, 10 x 6 mm; usually in seasonally moist localities, rock pools, and streamsides; flowering November February. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., and S. Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 5 (1993). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1896, Whyte 230 (K, holo.). Aristea woodii N.E.Br. Aristea gracilis N.E.Br.; Aristea affinis N.E.Br.; Aristea torulosa var. monostachya Baker Plants mm tall; leaves 6 10, mostly basal, ca half as long as the stem, linear to falcate, stem slightly compressed, simple or with 1 2 short branches, with 3 8 flowering clusters, with 2 4 flowers per cluster, flowers sessile deep blue, petals obovate, x 5 7 mm; in wet habitats, either in dambos or along streams in submontane grassland. The Eastern Cape of South Africa northwards through Zimbabwe to Zambia and Malawi. Nyika represents the northernmost occurrence of this species. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 5 (1993). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Dam #2, 1975, Phillips 342 (MO). Crocosmia aurea (Pappe ex Hook.) Planch. subsp. aurea Plants m tall; leaves several, flat, thinly textured, stem strongly arched above, 3- to 4-branched, inflorescence a 7- to 12-flowered spike, flowers bright orange, actinomorphic, the petals curved backwards, the style and stamens prominently exserted; capsule mm diameter, orange-red on inside, seeds black; in moist situations in montane scrub, on forest margins, flowering January May. South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, and D.R.C. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 50 (1993). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Mbuzinandi, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6823 (MAL); without locality, 2000, Willis 36 (MAL, PRE); edge of Juniper Forest, 1981, Salubeni & Tawakali 3053 (MAL, MO, P, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika National Park, W. of Chowo Forest, 2000, Phiri 3959 (UZL). Dierama longistylum Marais Plant of 1 3 stems; leaves several, x 2,5 6 mm, flowering stems m long, peduncles (flowering stalks) slender, hair-like, arching, mm long, each 2- to 5-flowered, flowers pale to deep mauve-pink, mm long, pendulous; in montane grassland, flowering mainly in September January, but flowers seen in April; 1,600 2,400 m. Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania. The specimen Willis et al. 205 was identified at PRE as D. densiflorum Marais, but Hilliard & Burtt (1991) state that they have seen no records of D. densiflorum from Nyika (although a number from Plants of the Nyika Plateau 309

66 IRIDACEAE the Viphya) and we have therefore included the Willis et al. record here. Source. Hilliard & Burtt (1991: 66); Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 44 (1993). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, near Chelinda CDC Camp, 2,200 m, 1958, Robson & Angus 371 (K, PRE, SRGH); Mbuzinande area, 2000, Willis, Winter & Patel 205 (MAL, PRE); Nyika Plateau, ca 6 km S. of Nganda Hill, 1955, Lees 86 (BR, K). Gladiolus dalenii van Geel subsp. dalenii Gladiolus psittacinus Hook.f. Large plant m tall; leaves on the flowering stem, large, 10 wide, hairless; inflorescence with 3 10 flowers, bracts mm long, flowers large, mm long, red to orange, usually with red to brown streaks on the upper petals, upper petal strongly hooded; in montane grassland, moist woodlands or wooded grassland. Widespread in Africa, from the Eastern Cape to Senegal to Ethiopia and Arabia. Very variable if Goldblatt s concept of the species is accepted. Source. Goldblatt (1996: 212). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Nthakati Peak, 2000, Willis, Patel & Luhanga 150 (MAL, PRE); road to Kasaramba View, 1969, Pawek 2123 (K). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Rest House area, 2000, Phiri 3730 (UZL). Gladiolus dalenii van Geel subsp. andongensis (Baker) Goldblatt Gladiolus goetzei Harms As for subsp. dalenii, but with the flowering stem lacking foliage leaves, which appear separately. Fairly widespread in tropical Africa, from Zimbabwe and Mozambique to Angola, Senegal, and Ethiopia. Source. Goldblatt (1996: 140). Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Lake Kaulime, 1974, Pawek 7901 (MO, P); without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Gladiolus erectiflorus Baker Gladiolus nyikensis Baker; Gladiolus venulosus Baker Plants mm high; leaves 5 6, 2 5 mm wide, the lowest leaf reaching the spike, the upper 3 sheathing the stem and overlapping; inflorescence of 4 8 flowers, bracts mm long, flowers cream to pale pink or purple, conspicuously streaked red or purple, lower 3 petals with a yellowish mark; in miombo woodland on rocky sites in hilly country. Malawi, N. Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, and D.R.C. Source. Goldblatt (1996: 194). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality, 1896, Whyte s.n. (K); without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999); Chisanga Falls, 2000, Chapama 153 (MAL). Gladiolus gregarius Welw. ex Baker Gladiolus hanningtonii Baker Clump-forming plant m high; leaves 4 7, 9 16 mm wide, hairless, margins and midrib hardly thickened, basal leaves fan-shaped; inflorescence with 8 20 flowers, bracts long, overlapping, x 8 10 mm, flowers light to dark purple, rarely dark red-brown fading to cream in the throat, lower petals with a dark purple diamond-shaped mark; in open woodland, in rocky areas, sometimes on dambo margins. Widespread throughout tropical Africa north of the Zambezi River. Source. Goldblatt (1996: 140). Malawi. Nyika National Park, path to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Willis 4 (MAL, PRE, UZL); 2000, Izidine 22 (LMA); without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Gladiolus intonsus Goldblatt Plants m tall; leaves 6 8, the upper ones cauline and progressively smaller, 7 12 mm wide, usually densely pubescent along the veins and margins; inflorescence 9- to 14-flowered, flowers white to cream or pink to light purple, the lower 3 petals with a broad yellow streak; in escarpment and high-rainfall miombo woodlands, flowering mainly March April. Malawi, N. Zambia, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Goldblatt (1996: 104). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 15 km N. of M1, 1,830 m, 1978, Pawek (MAL, holo., BR, K, MO, PRE, SRGH, iso.); 40 km S. of Thazima Gate, 1,600 m, 1987, la Croix 995 (MO). 310 Plants of the Nyika Plateau Gladiolus laxiflorus Baker Gladiolus tritonioides Baker Plants m tall; leaves 3 6, linear, 4 6 mm wide, thinly hairy; inflorescence 6- to 9-flowered, bracts small, mm long, flowers large, pink to purple, without markings or lower petals with a yellow mark; in wet sites such as marshes, dambos, and stream banks; flowering in October and November. Angola, Zambia, D.R.C., Tanzania, and N. Malawi. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 75 (1993); Goldblatt (1996: 115). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, boggy grassland at Chelinda Bridge, 2,300 m, 1986, la Croix 855 (K, MAL, MO). Gladiolus melleri Baker Gladiolus natalensis (Eckl.) Reinw. ex Hook. var. melleri (Baker) Geerinck; Gladiolus dalenii van Geel var. melleri (Baker) Cordova; Gladiolus brachyandrus Baker; Gladiolus johnstonii Baker Plants mm high; leaves sheathing the flowering stem, with a single leaf produced on a separate stem after flowering; inflorescence of 5 10 flowers, bracts mm long, flushed reddish, flowers orange-red to salmon, without markings; common on margins of dambos and in poorly drained savannas, flowering at the end of the dry season, from August to November. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola, D.R.C. (Shaba), Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Flowering is stimulated by fire. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 97 (1993); Goldblatt (1996: 242). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, ca 20 km S. of Chelinda, 1975, Pawek (K, MO, PRE, SRGH). Gladiolus muenzneri Vaupel Plants m tall, leaves 2 3, lanceolate, 10 1 long, ± entirely sheathing or short and overlapping; inflorescence unbranched, 2- to 8-flowered, bracts green, mm long, bifid at the apex, flowers white to cream or yellow, sometimes flushed pinkish, without markings; in dry woodland and occasionally grassland, flowering December to mid-january. S. Tanzania, D.R.C. (Shaba Prov.), N.E. Zambia and northern Malawi to the Vipya Plateau. Source. Photograph; Goldblatt We have not seen a specimen of this species collected from the Nyika but include it on the basis of the colour photograph reproduced here (Plate 7) which is said to have been taken on the Nyika; and because it occurs both north and south of the Nyika. Gladiolus unguiculatus Baker Gladiolus oatesii Rolfe Plants m tall; leaves 2 3, mm long, entirely sheathing the stems and not overlapping; inflorescence with flowers, flowers cream to light purple, lower 3 petals with a purple spear-shaped mark, flowering in profile with a window between the upper petal and the lower petals; in woodland, dambos, wet areas over sheetrock, and in seasonally wet areas on shallow soils. Widespread throughout tropical Africa from northern South Africa to Senegal, Sudan, and Tanzania. Source. Goldblatt (1996: 119). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls, 2000, Kasakula 204 (LMA, MAL, SRGH); without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Gladiolus velutinus De Wild. Gladiolus katubensis De Wild.; Gladiolus vallidissimus Vaupel; Gladiolus xanthus L.Bolus A large plant very similar to G. dalenii, but with broader leaves mm wide, the flowers large, pale yellow with greenish highlights, the upper 3 petals conspicuously hooded; in marshes, dambos, and stream banks; Zambia, D.R.C., Tanzania, Uganda, and Malawi. This species is strikingly evident at Chelinda Bridge in March April. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 93 (1993); Goldblatt (1996: 221). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Lake Kaulime, 1969, Richards (K). Hesperantha longicollis Baker Hesperantha matopensis Gibbs Plants mm high; leaves 5 6, ca 2 mm wide, erect or trailing, stem erect, rarely 1-branched, spike directed to one side (secund), with 3 6(9)

67 Dierama longistylum Del. Auriol Batten Crocosmia aurea subsp. aurea Del. John Manning Gladiolus melleri Del. John Manning Moraea tanzanica Lapeirousia schimperi Del. John Manning Hesperantha petitiana Del. John Manning Plants of the Nyika Plateau 311

68 Romulea camerooniana Del. John Manning Radinosiphon leptostachya Del. John Manning Juncus dregeanus 112,5 mm Ensete ventricosum 2 m 150 mm Aerangis montana Del. Graham Williamson 312 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

69 IRIDACEAE flowers, flowers down-curved, whitish to ivory, tube mm long; along streams, in marshes and seepage areas; flowering mostly August September, before the onset of the rains; flowers opening at ca 5 pm and probably moth-pollinated. South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi. Source. Goldblatt (1986: 135); Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 60 (1993). Malawi. Nyika National Park, 8 km N.W. of Lake Kaulime, 1970, Brummitt (K); Fingira Rock, 2000, Willis 207 (PRE). Hesperantha petitiana (A.Rich.) Baker Plants mm tall; leaves 3 4, 2 6 mm wide, erect, margins and midrib more or less thickened, stem erect, unbranched (rarely branched); spike with 2 19 flowers, flowers pink, lilac or white, actinomorphic, petals x 5 7 mm; in mountainous areas, often in rocky sites, on cliffs or in low grassland above 1,800 m; flowering mostly February April. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Cameroon. A variable species. Source. Goldblatt (1986: 135); Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 59 (1993). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1946, Brass (K, MO, SRGH, US); Mwanda Mountain, 2000, Willis 199 (MAL, PRE); Mpopoti Peak, 2000, Izidine 63 (LMA). Lapeirousia schimperi (Aschers. & Klatt) Milne-Redhead Plants mm tall; leaves 3 or more, slightly longer than the inflorescence, linear, 5 15 mm wide, midrib slightly raised, stem 4-angled or 4- winged above, laxly branched, each branch with 1 3 flowers, flowers large, white to cream, scented, opening in the evening, tube mm long; in moist sites in arid country, often in washes, dambos, streamsides, and seasonal marshes, as well as in damp grassland; flowering December March. The corms are edible and are eaten raw or roasted in northern Namibia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 37 (1993). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, cultivated in Missouri Botanical Garden, la Croix in Goldblatt s.n. (MO). Lapeirousia setifolia Harms Lapeirousia erythrantha var. setifolia (Harms) Geerinck et al.; Lapeirousia welwitschii Baker Plants small, mm tall; foliage leaves 3 7, 2 4 basally-clustered, the rest becoming smaller upwards, stems 3- to 4-angled, branching several times, each branch with 2 4 flowers, flowers unequal, blue to violet, lower petals with a white or dark blue mark, tube 8 10 mm long; in shallow, seasonally waterlogged soils on rock outcrops, flowering from December March. Zimbabwe, Malawi, and S.W. Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 34 (1993). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chelinda Bridge, 2,300 m, 1970, Pawek 3421 (B, K, MAL, MO); 2000, Izidine 56 (LMA); Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Mwanyambo 477 (MAL). Moraea macrantha Baker Plants m tall; foliage leaf much exceeding the stem, linear, channelled, 5 7 mm wide, sheathing leaves 4 5, stem unbranched; flowers blue to violet with white to yellow nectar guides, main petals lanceolate, long; in high-altitude woodlands and montane grassland, above 1,800 m; flowering late in the season, usually in March June. N. Malawi, E. Zambia, S.W. Tanzania, and D.R.C. (eastern Shaba). Source. Goldblatt (1977: 279); Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 21 (1993). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality, 1973, Pawek 6696 (MO, PRE); between Dembo River Bridge and Chelinda Camp, 2000, Willis 30 (MAL, PRE, UZL); Mbuzinandi, 2000, Mwanyambo 579 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 2,190 m, 1961, Richards (K, UZL). Moraea schimperi (Hochst.) Pic.Serm. Moraea zambesiaca Baker Moraea textilis (Welw.) Baker A western species only recorded from N.W. Zambia (Mwinilunga) and Angola (Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 21, 1993) and it is therefore presumed Excluded species Plants mm tall; foliage leaf solitary, usually emerging with the flowering stem, leaf shorter than the spike at flowering, but much longer after flowering, 9 15 mm wide, channelled to flat, sheathing leaves 2(4), stem unbranched; flowers pale to deep blue or violet with white or yellow nectar guides, main petals mm long; in permanently moist sites; generally flowering at the end of the dry season or early in the wet season, mostly in October December in Central Africa. This is one of the most widespread species in the genus. Source. Goldblatt (1977: 268); Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 24 (1993). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1958, Robson & Angus 326 (BM, BR, K, LISC, SRGH); Chelinda Bridge, 1967, Pawek 1407 (SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1959, Robinson 3012 (K, M, PRE, SRGH). No country given. 1967, Richards (UZL). Moraea stricta Baker Plants usually mm tall; foliage leaves solitary, usually appearing after the flowers, up to 600 mm long, round in section, stem erect, 3- to 6- branched; flowers sessile, pale lilac to blue-violet with yellow-orange nectar guides, main petals obovate, x 5 8 mm; in open, often in stony submontane grassland and flowering among dry grasses at the end of the dry season (September November). South Africa (Eastern Cape) northwards through eastern Africa to Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 17 (1993). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chelinda Bridge area, 1975, Pawek (MO). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 2,200 m, 1969, Pawek 2854 (K, MAL). Moraea tanzanica Goldblatt Plants mm tall; foliage leaf solitary, shorter, or only slightly longer, than the spike, 3 6 mm wide, linear, channelled, sheathing leaves 2(3), stem unbranched; flowers pale yellow with deeper yellow nectar guides; in open montane grassland above 2,200 m; flowering in January March. Confined to N. Malawi and S.W. Tanzania. Source. Goldblatt (1977: 283); Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 23 (1993). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Katumbi, Juniper Forest turnoff, 1976, Phillips 1071A (K, MO, SRGH); 1973, Pawek 6660 (MO). Radinosiphon leptostachya (Baker) N.E.Br. Plants mm tall; leaves several, basal, reaching the base of the spike, 8 15 mm wide, flat, midrib and margins more or less raised, stem simple or 1- to 3-branched, spike with 2 12 flowers, flowers unequal, pink or purple, tube mm long; in mountainous areas above 1,800 m, in rocky grassland, among boulders or on cliffs; flowering December March. South Africa to Zambia and S. Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 65 (1993). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Romulea camerooniana Baker Romulea campanuloides Harms; Romulea thodei Schltr.; Romulea fischeri Pax Plants 70 1 tall; leaves 1 4, straight or curved, filiform, mm diameter, stems 1 4, more or less erect, with one flowering per stem; flowers actinomorphic, lilac to violet, white to yellow in the centre, petals darkveined, 12 long; in montane grassland, amongst rocks, and on rock outcrops and cliffs; flowering mostly in December April. Lesotho and the Eastern Cape of South Africa, extending northwards to Ethiopia and the Jebel Marra in the Sudan. Source. Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 63 (1993). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Nganda Hill, 2000, Burrows & Burrows 6847 (MAL, PRE). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Rock, 2,200 m, 1978, Pawek (K, MAL, MO). No country given. Without locality, 7,300, 1972, Richards (UZL). that these records are mistaken identifications for the similar M. macrantha. This confusion is supported by the fact that the Richards collection (below) is listed as M. macrantha in Flora zambesiaca. Plants of the Nyika Plateau 313

70 Source. Goldblatt (1977: 281). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Manyenjere Forest, 2000, Phiri 4030 (UZL); without locality, 7,300, 1961, Richards (UZL). Moraea thomsonii Baker Goldblatt (1977: 265) lists three collections of M. thomsonii from Nyika [Robson 231 (K, LISC, SRGH); Pawek 1390 (SRGH); Pawek 2854 (K, MAL)], but in the same treatment, lists M. stricta as a synonym of M. thomsonii. In his treatment of Moraea in Flora zambesiaca 12(4): 17 (1993), Goldblatt quotes only a single collection from Malawi (Chinthembwe, Nkotakota District), but resurrects M. stricta, quoting Pawek 2854 under that species. We therefore presume that his revised concept of M. thomsonii excludes any plants from Nyika and that they all belong to M. stricta. Source. Goldblatt (1977: 262) Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). JUNCACEAE JUNCACEAE Juncus dregeanus Kunth Perennial, densely tufted, up to 450 mm high, often turning brown when dry; leaves many, grass-like; inflorescence taller than leaves, consisting of up to 8 sub-spherical heads so contracted as to appear as 1 3 heads only; in swamps and in still waters along streams in upland rainforest, evergreen bush land, and grassland. Southern Africa and tropical Africa except in the West. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dam #2, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); near Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). MUSACEAE Juncus oxycarpus Kunth Juncus quartinianus A.Rich.; Juncus fontanesii sensu Engl., non Laharpe; Juncus suboxycarpus Adamson Perennial, erect, sometimes trailing and rooting at nodes; leaves few, cylindrical and septated; inflorescence taller than leaves, branched, heads globose to subglobose; wet places on stream banks and swampy places. Widespread in Africa. Source. Patel (1997). Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman Ensete edule (Gmel.) Horan.; Ensete buchananii (Baker) Cheesman Banana-like plant to 6 m tall, with a thick fleshy stem composed of the clasping leaf bases, purplish; leaves large, simple, clustered at stem apex, up to 3 m x 0.8 m, hairless; inflorescence large, pendulous, to 1 m long, flowers off-white; fruit a small woody capsule splitting to reveal black shiny seeds; in moist ravines in rainforest, usually along streams and on seepage areas in forest; 1,200 2,000 m. South Africa northwards through central tropical Africa. The plants are monocarpic, that is, the entire plant dies once it has finished fruiting, an event that takes place every 6 9 years. The seeds are used as counters in the traditional board game of bao. Source. White et al. (2001: 103). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); Nkhonjera Hill (White et al. 2001). ORCHIDACEAE Aerangis carnea J.L.Stewart Epiphyte; leaves 3 4 in one plane; flowers 2- to 7-flowered, white, tipped with pink, spur 5 6 mm long; in deep shade on trunks and branches in submontane or riverine forest; 1,600 1,900 m. N. Malawi and S. Tanzania. Source. Dowsett-Lemaire (1985); la Croix et al. (1991). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls (la Croix et al. 1991: 247). Aerangis montana J.L.Stewart Epiphyte; flowers white, tinged pink, spur 5 6 mm long; rarely lithophytic; in montane evergreen rainforest and gully forest, often on trunks at low levels, where the plants sometimes form large tangled masses, or on lower branches or lianes, usually in very deep shade; (1,370) 2,200 2,400 m. Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 387 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest, 2,200 m, 1982, la Croix 343 (K); in most forest patches on the high plateau (la Croix et al. 1991: 250). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, on rocky outcrop, 1968, Williamson 1055 (K). Aerangis somalensis (Schltr.) Schltr. Epiphyte; flowers white, sometimes tinged pink, spur mm long; Brachystegia woodland and riverine forest, often forming colonies on lower branches of trees; 1,360 1,800 m. Widespread in eastern, central, and southern Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 390 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, by Mbuzinandi Road, 1,800 m, 1983, la Croix 432 (K). Aerangis verdickii (De Wild.) Schltr. Epiphytic orchid; leaves 3 5, grey-green, inflorescence with up to 16 flowers; flowers white, sweetly scented, spur mm long; in open woodland, in dry areas or at higher altitudes; 100 1,800 m. South Africa to Angola, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality; Nyika approach (la Croix et al. 1991: 254). Angraecopsis malawiensis P.J.Cribb Very small epiphytic orchid, almost stemless; flowers green or yellow-green, spur 3 4 mm long; on twigs and small branches in riverine and montane evergreen rainforest, usually in deep shade; 1,700 2,300 m. Malawi and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 400 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Kasaramba Forest, 2,300 m, 1986, I.F. & E.A.S. la Croix 860 (K). Angraecopsis parva (P.J.Cribb) P.J.Cribb Holmesia parva P.J.Cribb; Microholmesia parva P.J.Cribb Dwarf epiphytic plant; flowers greenish white, spur 1 2 mm long; in montane forest in deep shade, on tree trunks and branches with moss and lichen; ca 2,285 m. Malawi and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 400 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, 2,285 m, 1960, Holmes 230 (K, holo., SRGH); without locality, Williamson, Ball & Simon 383 (as Angraecum sp. in Williamson 1977: 177). Angraecum chamaeanthus Schltr. Epiphyte; flowers white, spur mm long; montane and submontane forest; 1,400 2,300 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. This is one of the smallest of all African orchids. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 370 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, forest patch on road to Kasaramba, 2,250 m, 1983, la Croix & Elias 516 (K). Angraecum sacciferum Lindl. Angraecum parcum Schltr.; Angraecum crassifolia G.Will. Dwarf epiphytic orchid; flowers green, yellow-green or cream; in montane and submontane evergreen forest, occasionally in riverine forest and highrainfall Brachystegia woodland; 1,100 2,300 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Plants from the Nyika Plateau often have large flowers, 8 mm in diameter as opposed to the usual 4 mm. 314 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

71 Angraecum stolzii Del. Graham Williamson Angraecum sacciferum Del. Graham Williamson Angraecopsis parva Del. Graham Williamson Brachycorythis friesii Del. Graham Williamson Brachycorythis inhambanensis Del. Graham Williamson Bolusiella iridifolia subsp. picea Del. Graham Williamson Plants of the Nyika Plateau 315

72 Brownleea parviflora Del. Graham Williamson Bulbophyllum elliotii Del. Graham Williamson Bulbophyllum rugosibulbum Del. Graham Williamson Bulbophyllum maximum Del. Graham Williamson 316 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

73 ORCHIDACEAE Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 371 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, montane forest patch on road to Kasaramba, 2,250 m, 1983, la Croix 409 (K); Kasaramba, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Manyenjere Forest, 2,050 m, 1982, Dowsett-Lemaire 364 (K). Angraecum stolzii Schltr. Flowers orange to straw-coloured; epiphytic at high and low levels in evergreen forest; 1,500 2,050 m. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 374 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality, in evergreen forest patch, Salubeni 353 (K). Bolusiella iridifolia (Rolfe) Schltr. subsp. picea P.J.Cribb Very small epiphytic orchid; leaves fan-shaped; flowers white, spur 0.5 mm long; in montane and submontane evergreen rainforest and gully forest, also in high-altitude woodland; 1,400 2,438 m. Malawi, Zambia, Kenya, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 401 (1998); G. Williamson, pers. comm. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Lake Kaulime, 2000, Burrows sub Kurzweil 2040 (MAL); ibid., 1968, Williamson 1056 (K).; in various forest patches (la Croix et al. 1991: 259). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near Rest House, 1970, Williamson 1940 (K, holo.). Brachycorythis friesii (Schltr.) Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white to purple, spur mm long; seepage areas on granite outcrops, woodland; 1,200 1,650 m. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., Burundi, Angola, and Tanzania. Source. UZL. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1967, Williamson 650 (UZL). Brachycorythis inhambanensis (Schltr.) Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers whitish or yellow-green with purple markings, lip spurless; in wet grassland at about 2,400 m. South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, and D.R.C. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 20 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Lake Kaulime, 1969, Ball 1193 (SRGH); ibid., Williamson, Ball & Simon 342 (SRGH). Brachycorythis ovata Lindl. subsp. welwitschii (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers mauve and white, lip boat-shaped; montane grassland and dry dambos; 1,650 2,200 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola, Malawi, D.R.C., Burundi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 22 (1995); la Croix et al. (1991: 31). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, track to Rukuru (Chisanga) Falls, 1,800 m, 1959, Richards (K, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 2,200 m, 1964, Benson NR 427 (K). Brachycorythis pleistophylla Rchb.f. subsp. pleistophylla Terrestrial orchid; flowers mauve-purple, petals and lip longer than broad, lip boat-shaped; in grassland, open woodland, and dambo margins; 1,100 2,200 m forest. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 21 (1995); la Croix et al. (1991: 31). Zambia. Nyika National Park, 1966, Williamson 128 (K, SRGH). Brachycorythis pleistophylla Rchb.f. subsp. leipoldii (Kraenzl.) Summerh. As for subsp. pleistophylla, but the petals and lip about as broad as long; in grassland and edge of woodland. N. Malawi, D.R.C., Tanzania, and Gabon. Malawi. Nyika National Park, on plateau area (la Croix et al. 1991: 32). Brachycorythis pubescens Harv. Brachycorythis stolzii Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers pink and yellow, lip saccate; grassland, edges of dambos, and open woodland; 500 2,250 m. Throughout tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 23 (1995). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1959, Robinson 3065 (?K). Brachycorythis rhodostachys (Schltr.) Summerh. Terrestrial orchid, ca 350 mm tall; flowers lilac with darker blotches, spur green, 3 mm long; in bogs and dambos, 600 2,300 m. N. Malawi, Zambia, Angola, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, in several montane bogs (la Croix et al. 1991: 33). Brachycorythis tenuior Rchb.f. Terrestrial orchid; flowers pale to deep purple with darker spots, spur 5 9 mm long; open grassy areas, dambo margins, and in long grass in woodland; 1,050 1,800 m. Widely distributed in tropical Africa and South Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 17 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Mbuzinandi Road, 1,800 m, 1983, la Croix 416 (K). Brownleea parviflora Harv. ex Lindl. Brownleea apetala Kraenzl.; Brownleea gracilis Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white, tinged pink or green, spur 3 5 mm long; montane grassland. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 191 (1995) Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1961, Robinson 4477 (K); Chosi Hill, 2000, Kurzweil 1972 (MAL, SRGH, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1967, Williamson & Odgers 294 (K, SRGH). Bulbophyllum bavonis J.J.Verm. Epiphyte, pseudobulbs 2-leaved, inflorescence arching, to 350 mm long; flowers white with yellow lip, lemon-scented; in evergreen forest; 1,600 2,350 m. Malawi and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 295 (1995). Malawi. Nyika, E. escarpment, Mwenembwe Forest, 2,350 m, 1983, Dowsett-Lemaire 776 (K). Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. Epiphytic or epilithic orchid, pseudobulb 2-leaved, inflorescence shortish, erect, to 90 mm tall; flowers green, tinged with purple; high-level epiphyte in forest, or on rocks; 1,800 1,900 m. Malawi and Zambia northwards to W. Africa and Sudan. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Chisanga Falls (la Croix et al. 1991: 94). Bulbophyllum elliotii Rolfe Bulbophyllum malawiense Morris Small epiphytic orchid, pseudobulbs squat, 2-leaved, inflorescence mm long; flowers red-purple; in high-rainfall Brachystegia woodland; 600 1,600 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. UZL (la Croix et al. 1991: 197). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1967, Williamson 1397A (UZL). Bulbophyllum expallidum J.J.Verm. Epiphytic orchid, pseudo-bulbs 1-leaved, inflorescence to 350 mm long, more or less erect; flowers creamy white; in mixed high-rainfall woodland; 1,300 1,900 m. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., and Rwanda. Malawi. Nyika National Park, in woodland, without locality (la Croix et al. 1991: 188). Bulbophyllum josephi (Kuntze) Summerh. Bulbophyllum amanicum Kraenzl.; Bulbophyllum mahonii Rolfe Epiphytic orchid, pseudo-bulbs 1-leaved, inflorescence many flowered, pendulous; flowers white; woodland and submontane evergreen forest; 1,050 1,900 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 297 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, top of path to Chisanga Falls, 1,900 m, 1982, la Croix 337 (K). Bulbophyllum maximum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Large epiphytic orchid, pseudobulbs 2-leaved, inflorescence erect, rachis flattened, leaf-like, mm long and to 40 mm wide; flowers numerous, green, marked with purple; in woodland; 600 1,600 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Wovwe Valley (la Croix et al. 1991: 202). Plants of the Nyika Plateau 317

74 ORCHIDACEAE Bulbophyllum rugosibulbum Summerh. Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm. Epiphytic orchid, pseudobulb ovoid, 2-leaved, inflorescence erect, to 50 mm long, to 20-flowered; flowers maroon-purple; in Brachystegia woodland, 1,250 1,800 m. Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 295 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Thazima, 1987, la Croix 929 (K). Bulbophyllum sandersonii (Hook.f.) Rchb.f. Epilithic orchid, pseudobulb 2-leaved, inflorescence erect, mm long, many-flowered; flowers green, heavily mottled with purple; on rocks in montane grassland (Nyika) or in Brachystegia woodland; 1,000 2,200 m. South Africa northwards throughout tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality (la Croix et al. 1991: 205). Bulbophyllum stolzii Schltr. Epiphytic orchid, pseudobulbs 2-leaved, inflorescence to 65 mm long, to 10-flowered, white, lip yellow, sepals purple-edged; in montane forest; 1,700 2,300 m. Malawi and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Kasaramba Forest (la Croix et al. 1991: 192). Calanthe sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl. Calanthe volkensii Rolfe; Calanthe neglecta Schltr.; Calanthe stolzii Schltr.; Calanthe schliebenii Mansf. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white or pink, spur mm long; in evergreen and riverine forest, often near streams and in swampy areas; 900 1,700 m. Widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, and possibly Asia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 273 (1995) Malawi. Nyika National Park, upper Wovwe Valley, 2000, Kurzweil 2049 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 2,000 m, Laing s.n. (SRGH). Cardiochilos williamsonii P.J.Cribb Low-level epiphyte; flowers cream, green, yellowish or orange, spur mm long; in montane and submontane forest, usually growing in moss and lichen; 2,200 2,350 m. Malawi and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 407 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasaramba, 2,200 m, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 388 (K, holo.). Cynorkis anacamptoides Kraenzl. var. anacamptoides Terrestrial orchid; flowers mauve or purple, occasionally white, spur mm long; wet and marshy areas; 600 2,300 m. Widespread in Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Lake Kaulime, 2000, Kurzweil 2007 (MAL, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near Rest House, 1959, Richards (K). Cynorkis anacamptoides Kraenzl. var. ecalcarata P.J.Cribb Terrestrial orchid; flowers pink, spur absent; wet and marshy areas; 600 2,300 m. Endemic to Nyika Plateau; known from only two collections. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 52 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, perennial dambo close to the Zambian border, Williamson 233 (K, holo., SRGH); 3 km N. of Lake Kaulime, 1969, Ball 1213 (K, SRGH). Cynorkis hanningtonii Rolfe Terrestrial orchid; flowers white to pink, spur 2 11 mm long; in woodland, grass near streams; 900 1,900 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, D.R.C., Uganda, and Tanzania. Source. University of Zambia Orchidarium (UZL); Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 53 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1968, Williamson 830 (UZL, SRGH). Cynorkis kassneriana Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers purple, spur 8 10 mm long; in leaf litter or on rotting logs in forest, including pine forest; occasionally a low-level epiphyte on tree trunks, also on rocky seepage slopes; 1,300 2,300 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 55 (1995). 318 Plants of the Nyika Plateau Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Rest Camp, 2000, Kurzweil 1982 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1967, Williamson & Odgers 286 (K); 1968, Williamson 831 (UZL, SRGH). Cyrtorchis arcuata Lindl. subsp. whytei (Rolfe) Summerh. Robust epiphytic orchid; leaves dull green, mm wide; flowers waxy, creamy white, sweetly scented, spur mm long; in riverine and submontane forest, also high-rainfall Brachystegia woodland; 900 1,800 m; flowering April May. Malawi and Zambia to Tanzania and W. Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality (la Croix et al. 1991: 265). Cyrtorchis crassifolia Schltr. Epiphytic orchid; leaves thickly fleshy, glaucous grey-green; flowers creamy white, spur mm long; in Brachystegia Uapaca woodland in areas of high rainfall and winter mists; 1,200 2,050 m. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, in woodland, without locality (la Croix et al. 1991: 266). Diaphananthe oxycentron P.J.Cribb Epiphyte; flowers translucent yellow or yellow-green, spur 4 5 mm long; low-level epiphytic on tree branches and lianes in montane mist forest; (1,300)1,700 2,300 m. Endemic to Malawi and the Zambian Nyika; a Nyika near-endemic. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 425 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, montane mist forest, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 381 (K, holo.). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, forest patches near Rest House, 2,150 m, 1982, Dowsett-Lemaire 368 (K). Diaphananthe pulchella Summerh. Diaphananthe pachyrhiza P.J.Cribb Epiphytic orchid on a mound of roots; leaves ligulate, unequally bilobed; flowers translucent yellow, spur 10 mm long; in Brachystegia woodland on rocky hillsides, or in riverine forest; 1,000 1,800 m. Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, and Kenya. Malawi. Nyika National Park, occasional in woodland (la Croix et al. 1991: 271). Diaphananthe xanthopollinia (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Epiphyte; flowers creamy yellow, spur 5 7 mm long; in high-rainfall Brachystegia woodland, also in submontane and riverine forest; 600 1,800 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 423 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, in Brachystegia woodland, ca 1,800 m, 1982, la Croix 323 (K); Nyika approach (la Croix et al. 1991: 276). Disa aconitoides Sond. subsp. concinna (N.E.Br.) H.P.Linder Disa bisetosa Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers pale mauve with darker spots, spur 4 6 mm long; Brachystegia woodland, montane grassland, and dambos; 1,000 2,000 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, and D.R.C. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 175 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1976, Phillips 823 (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1966, Williamson 221 (K, SRGH). Disa baurii Bolus Herschelia baurii (Bolus) Kraenzl.; Herschelianthe baurii (Bolus) Rauschert; Disa hamatopetala Rendle Terrestrial orchid; flowers pale to deep blue, spur 4 6 mm long; in short montane grassland; above 1,000 m. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 195 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, towards Nganda, 1958, Robson & Angus 297 (K, LISC). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, by road 4 miles S.W. of Rest House, 1958, Robson & Angus 358 (BM, K, LISC, SRGH). No country given. 1967, Richards (UZL).

75 Bulbophyllum sandersonii Del. Graham Williamson Calanthe sylvatica Del. Graham Williamson Cardiochilos williamsonii Del. Graham Williamson Cyrtorchis crassifolia Del. Graham Williamson Cynorkis anacamptoides Del. Graham Williamson Plants of the Nyika Plateau 319

76 Diaphananthe oxycentron Del. Graham Williamson Disa erubescens Del. Graham Williamson Disperis aphylla subsp. bifolia Del. Graham Williamson Disperis anthoceros Del. Graham Williamson Disperis dicerochila Del. Graham Williamson Disperis nemorosa Del. Graham Williamson Disperis kilimanjarica Del. Graham Williamson 320 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

77 ORCHIDACEAE Disa caffra Bolus Disa compta Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers pink, spur 8 15 mm long; in wet grassland, usually dambos; 1,400 1,700 m. South Africa, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, S. Tanzania; also in Madagascar. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 181 (1995) Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1966, Williamson 167 (K, SRGH). Disa celata Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers orange to yellow, spur mm long; in wet marshy grassland in dambos; 1,400 2,200 m. Malawi, Zambia, Angola, and S. Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 165 (1995) Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 3 km N. of Lake Kaulime, 1969, Ball 1214 (SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Zambian Border, 1968, Williamson 404 (K, SRGH). Disa engleriana Kraenzl. Disa subscutellifera Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers pink, spur 13 long; usually in Brachystegia and Uapaca woodlands and associated dambos and grassland, on lateritic and sandy soil, not montane; 1,000 2,000 m. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 167 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1960, Holmes 211 (K, SRGH); 1968, Williamson 846 (UZL). Disa equestris Rchb.f. Terrestrial orchid; flowers violet to purple, spur 6 8 mm long; usually in wet dambo grassland, but also in montane grassland. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 178 (1995). Malawi. Nyika, 1966, Williamson 151 (K, SRGH). Disa erubescens Rendle var. erubescens Terrestrial orchid, inflorescence of 3 6 flowers; flowers red, dorsal sepal < 30 mm long, spur 8 16 mm long; wet montane grassland and bogs; 1,280 2,400 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Lake Kaulime, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 820 (K); in moist bogs and areas of wet montane grassland (la Croix et al. 1991: 117). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Rocks, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 793 (K). Disa erubescens Rendle subsp. carsonii (N.E.Br.) H.P.Linder Disa stolzii Schltr. Terrestrial orchid, inflorescence of 1 4 flowers; flowers red, dorsal sepal > 30 mm long, spur 8 16 mm long; in damp or wet montane grassland, Brachystegia woodland. Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Burundi, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 172 (1995); la Croix et al. (1991: 118). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979); Nyika Plateau, Lake Kaulime, 1968, Ball 1067 (K, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1966, Williamson 222 (K). Disa hircicornis Rchb.f. Disa amblyopetala Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers purple, spur 8 13 mm long; swampy and wet grassland; 1,500 1,800(2,700) m. Widespread in tropical Africa. The flower colour of this species is extremely variable. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 180 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Wovwe River valley, 2000, Kurzweil 2042 (MAL, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1966, Williamson 184 (K). Disa longilabris Schltr. Herschelia longilabris (Schltr.) Rolfe Terrestrial orchid; flowers blue, spur 3 4 mm long; in short montane grassland; 2,400 2,500 m. Malawi and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 197 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 4 km from Dembo Bridge to Nganda, 1986, Linder 3907 (BOL, SRGH); central grasslands, 1968, Williamson 1023 (SRGH). Disa miniata Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers orange, spur mm long; in wet grassland, dambos or river valleys, usually submontane; above 1,000 m. Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 167 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1960, Holmes 225 (K, SRGH). Disa nyikensis H.P.Linder Terrestrial orchid; flowers pale mauve with darker spots, spur 4 6 mm long; montane grassland; 2,500 m. Endemic to the high mountains about the northern end of Lake Malawi (Malawi and Tanzania). Probably the high-altitude form of Disa equestris Rchb.f. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 176 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasaramba View, 1969, Pawek 3307 (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1962, Fanshawe 7221 (K); N. of Rest House, 1966, Williamson 223 (K, holo.). Disa ochrostachya Rchb.f. Terrestrial orchid; flowers yellow, spur 7 12 mm long; widespread in the montane grasslands of sub-saharan Africa; mostly 1,500 2,600 m. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 162 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1968, Williamson 1040 (K, SRGH, UZL); (cf. D. ochrostachya), Chosi Hill, 2000, Burrows sub Kurzweil 1977 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1964, Benson 396 (BR, K, LISC). Disa ornithantha Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers red and white, spur 9 11 mm long; in Brachystegia woodland and montane grassland, usually in wet grassland and dambos; 1,000 2,000 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 171 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, near Lake Kaulime, 1961, Robinson 4487 (K, M, SRGH); Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Kurzweil 2017 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1969, Williamson 1397 (UZL). Disa perplexa H.P.Linder Robust terrestrial orchid m tall, inflorescence densely many-flowered; flowers white, faintly spotted, spur 16 mm long; in montane bogs; 1,900 2,300 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, and Nigeria. Malawi. Nyika National Park, in two bogs (la Croix et al. 1991: 123). Disa praecox (H.P.Linder) H.P.Linder Herschelia praecox H.P.Linder Terrestrial orchid; flowers white to blue, spur 3 5 mm long; short montane grassland; above 2,000 m. Endemic to the Nyika Plateau. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 194 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau 1962, Tyrer 966 (BM, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1964, Robinson 6259 (K, SRGH); N. of Rest House, 1967, Williamson 312 (K, holo.). Disa robusta N.E.Br. Disa praestans Kraenzl.; Disa coccinea Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers orange-red, spur mm long; locally common in montane grassland; (1,000)2,000 3,200 m. Zambia (Nyika only), Malawi, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 184 (1995). Malawi. Juniper Forest Reserve, 2000, Chikuni 518 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, road to Rest House, 1959, Richards (K, SRGH). No country given. Nyika Plateau, 1967, Richards (UZL). Disa rungweensis Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers greenish white, pink-mauve or brown, spur mm long; in rocky outcrops, often in wet grassland in rock crevices. Malawi and Tanzania. Restricted to the high mountains at the northern end of Lake Malawi. Plants of the Nyika Plateau 321

78 ORCHIDACEAE Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 186 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chelinda Rock, 1968, Williamson 363 (K, SRGH); Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Maroyi sub Kurzweil 2016 (MAL, UZL). Disa satyriopsis Kraenzl. Disa ochrostachya Kraenzl. var. latisepala G.Will. Terrestrial orchid; flowers orange-red, spur mm long; in montane grassland; 1,800 2,500 m, sometimes very common locally. Malawi, Burundi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 163 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1960, Holmes 201 (K, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, road to Zambian Rest House, 1968, Ball 1071 (SRGH); ibid., 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 357 (SRGH). Disa saxicola Schltr. Disa uliginosa Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white with purple markings, spur 4 10 mm long; usually associated with rock outcrops and cliffs, often on moss-covered rock and on tree trunks in scrub forests; 1,000 2,800 m. Widespread in the southern half of Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 185 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Vipiri Rocks, 1976, Phillips 1253 (K); Chosi Hill, 2000, Burrows sub Kurzweil 1978 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1961, Richards 14393A (K); Chowo Rocks, 1967, Williamson 803 (UZL). Disa ukingensis Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers magenta, spur 4 6 mm long; montane short, dry, grassland; 2,100 2,800 m. Nyika Plateau (Zambia and Malawi) and S. Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 169 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1977, Grosvenor & Renz 1116 (BOL, K, SRGH); Nyika National Park, Zungwara, 2000, Kurzweil 2009a (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 281 (K, PRE, SRGH). Disa welwitschii Rchb.f. subsp. welwitschii Disa calophylla Kraenzl.; Disa ignea Kraenzl.; Disa hyacinthina Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers red, spur mm long; mostly recorded from damp grasslands, usually dambos, between 900 and 2,400 m, common. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 164 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1966, Williamson 226 (K, SRGH). Disa welwitschii Rchb.f. subsp. occultans (Schltr.) H.P.Linder Disa tanganyikensis Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers pink, spur 5 9 mm long; wet dambo grassland. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 164 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979); Nyika Plateau, Chelinda Bridge, 1983, la Croix 407 (K). Disa zombica N.E.Br. Disa nyassana Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green with pink tinge and magenta, spur 4 7 mm long; montane grassland; 1,200 2,200 m. A very distinctive species. Zimbabwe, Zambia (Nyika), Malawi, Mozambique, Burundi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 169 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1977, Pawek (K); Dembo Bridge, 2000, Johnson sub Kurzweil 2001 (MAL, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 295 (K, SRGH). Disperis anthoceros Rchb.f. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white with green or purplish markings, spur 12 long; in leaf litter in shade of evergreen forest, sometimes under Pinus or Cupressus in plantations; 1,100 2,300 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 234 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Manyenjere Forest, 2,050 m, 1982, Dowsett- 322 Plants of the Nyika Plateau Lemaire 343a (K); Chowo Forest, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 285 (K, SRGH). Disperis aphylla Kraenzl. subsp. bifolia Verdc. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white or pink, spur 3 4 mm long; shade of evergreen forests; 2,000 m. Malawi and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 234 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 1968, Williamson 888 (K). Disperis bifida P.J.Cribb Terrestrial orchid; flowers pink, spur 7 9 mm long; in leaf litter in deep shade of evergreen forest; 2,180 m. Endemic to the Nyika. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 236 (1995). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, between Rest House and Main Road junction, 2,180 m, 1982, Dowsett-Lemaire 347 (K). Disperis bifida x D. dicerochila Terrestrial orchid; flowers pink, spur 2 mm long; evergreen forest; 2,180 m. Endemic. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 236 (1995). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, in forest patch, 2,180 m, 1987, la Croix 973 (K, MAL). Disperis breviloba Verdc. Terrestrial orchid; flowers pink with green-brown, spur about 7 mm long; Brachystegia woodland, open dambos, and montane grassland, usually in shallow soil over rocks; 1,200 2,340 m. Endemic to the Nyika Plateau. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 236 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 10 km from Chelinda, 2,340 m, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 362 (K, SRGH). Disperis dicerochila Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers pink; in leaf litter or on mossy logs in evergreen forest, sometimes in pine and cypress plantations; 1,700 2,300 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 239 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Rest Camp, 2000, Kurzweil 1983 (MAL, UZL); without locality or collector (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, forest patch near Zambian Rest House, 2,200 m, 1987, la Croix 974 (K, MAL); Chowo, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 277 (SRGH). Disperis kilimanjarica Rendle Epiphyte; flowers white, tinged with green and sometimes with mauve; occurring in montane or submontane forest on mossy branches and trunks of trees; 1,750 2,250 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 229 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Zovochipolo, 2,210 m, 1984, la Croix 601 (K); N. of Lake Kaulime, 2000, Willis & Luhanga 105 (PRE). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 1968, Williamson 887 (K, UZL); without locality, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 270 (K, SRGH). Disperis mac-owanii Bolus Terrestrial orchid; flowers white or cream with green and purple spotting; montane grassland, amongst rocks, and under shrubs; ca 2,000 m. In the Flora zambesiaca area, known only from this Nyika collection. Also in Tanzania, South Africa, and Swaziland. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 243 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, road to Chikomanankazi, 2,225 m, 1982, Dowsett-Lemaire 350 (K). Disperis nemorosa Rendle Terrestrial orchid; flowers white or pink, spur about 10 mm long; deep shade in forest, often near streams; ca 2,000 m. Nyika (Zambia and Malawi), Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 231 (1995) Malawi. Nyika National Park, Kasyaula Forest, 2,000 m, 1982, Dowsett- Lemaire 351 (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 2,000 m, 1984, la Croix 600 (K); ibid., 1966, Williamson & Odgers s.n. (K).

79 ORCHIDACEAE Disperis parvifolia Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers magenta-purple and green, spur mm long; in sub-montane grassland; ca 1,675 m. Malawi (Nyika only), Cameroon, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 244 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Mbuzinandi road, ca 1,675 m, 1983, la Croix 413 (K). Disperis reichenbachiana Rchb.f. Terrestrial orchid mm tall; leaves 2 or 3, inflorescence with 1 3 flowers; flowers mauve-pink, spurs small, less than 1 mm; in leaf litter in shade of evergreen forest or riverine forest; 1,100 1,800 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls (la Croix et al. 1991: 160). Disperis thomensis Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white marked with green and purple; in evergreen and riverine forests, in leaf litter in deep shade and rock faces; 1,300 2,150 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 246 (1995). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 2,150 m, 1982, Dowsett-Lemaire 353 (K). Epipactis africana Rendle Terrestrial orchid; flowers yellow-green with purple veining on sepals, lip brown to red, spurless; in riverine forest, in deep shade in wet soil by streams; 1,300 1,980 m. Malawi, D.R.C., and E. Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11 (1): 14 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 8 km E. of Nganda, by tributary of Wovwe River, 1,980 m, 1972, Brummitt, Munthali & Synge WC 126 (K, MAL, SRGH, EA, PRE, UPS); Wovwe Valley, 2000, Kurzweil 2048 (MAL). Eulophia acutilabra Summerh. Slender terrestrial orchid to 300 mm tall, inflorescence lax, of 3 8 flowers, sepals purple-brown with green margins, petals white, lip white with redpurple papillae and veins, spur 4 mm long; in Brachystegia woodland; 500 1,650 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, and D.R.C. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls (la Croix et al. 1991: 321). Eulophia arenicola Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers with green sepals with purple flush and yellowgreen petals and lip, spur mm long; plateau grasslands, dambos, floodplain grassland, and montane dry grasslands, often after fire, often in sandy soil, also in rocky places under trees and in Cryptosepalum woodland on Kalahari sands; 1,500 2,300 m. Malawi, Botswana, Zambia, D.R.C., and Angola. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 482 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Bridge, 2,300 m, 1987, Scholfield sub la Croix 1051 (K). Eulophia coeloglossa Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers purple and pink, spur 4 8 mm long; dambos and marshes; 1,100 1,300 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., Angola, and Tanzania. Source. UZL; Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 492 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979); without locality, 1968, Williamson 1044 (UZL). Eulophia cucullata (Afzel. ex Sw.) Steud. Terrestrial orchid, variable in size, m; leaves 2 3, erect; flowers few, whitish, greenish to (on Nyika) a dark purple; in open miombo woodland, grassland, and dryish dambos; 480 2,000 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Williamson (1977: 172); la Croix et al. (1991: 335). Malawi. Nyika, without locality (la Croix et al. 1991). Eulophia euantha Schltr. Terrestrial orchid mm tall, inflorescence of 5 12 flowers; flowers pink-mauve with dark purple blotch on lip. Spur horizontal, 3 4 mm long; in Brachystegia woodland; 1,220 1,600 m. Malawi, Zambia, Angola, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Thazima (la Croix et al. 1991: 305). Eulophia fridericii (Rchb.f.) A.V.Hall Eulophia roseolabia (Schltr.) Butzin Terrestrial orchid; flowers with greenish or purple-brown sepals and yellow petals and lip, spur saccate; in Brachystegia and mixed deciduous woodlands at medium altitudes, often in rocky areas on hillsides; 700 1,500 m. South Africa to Angola, Zambia, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 481 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, eastern foothills of Nkhonjera Hill, 1,200 m, 1986, Dowsett-Lemaire 1199 (K). Eulophia hians Spreng. var. nutans (Sond.) S.A.Thomas Eulophia nutans Sond.; Eulophia crinita Rolfe; Eulophia ukingensis Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers with green sepals and white to yellow-green petals and lip, spur 2 4 mm long; short dry grassland on sandy soils at lower altitudes, montane grassland on rocky outcrops, dambo grassland, and highrainfall woodland on sandy soil, also on bare ground on chrome hills ; 900 2,200 m. Widespread in Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 476 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chelinda, above dambo by Dam #2, 2,100 m, 1986, Cribb 6001 (K); dambo on road to Chelinda, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 366 (K, SRGH). Eulophia horsfallii (Bateman) Summerh. Lissochilus sceptrum Schltr.; Lissochilus eleogenus Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers with olive-green to purple-brown sepals and pink petals and lip, spur 4 10 mm long; swampy areas in riverine and evergreen forest, streamside vegetation, dambos; to 1,900 m. Widespread in Africa. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Juniper Forest Reserve, 2000, Chikuni 523 (MAL). Eulophia milnei Rchb.f. Very slender terrestrial orchid mm tall; leaves grass-like, inflorescence lax, of 5 15 flowers; flowers pendulous, bright yellow, spur mm long; in wet bogs and dambos; 1,100 2,300 m. South Africa northwards, widespread in tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, in various montane bogs (la Croix et al. 1991: 309). Eulophia odontoglossa Rchb.f. Eulophia gracilliscapa Schltr.; Eulophia missionis Rendle; Eulophia johnstonii Rolfe; Eulophia panganiana Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers bright yellow, spur 1 3 mm long; montane or submontane grassland, dambos, and seasonally wet areas on plateau and coastal grasslands, in sandy soils and rocky areas; up to 2,100 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 511 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, road to Rest House, 2,100 m, 1959, Richards (K); grassland, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 805 (SRGH). Eulophia orthoplectra (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Robust terrestrial orchid m tall, inflorescence lax, to 20-flowered, stalk purplish, sepals purple-brown, petals and lip bright yellow with red veins, spur purplish, 7 mm long; usually in Brachystegia woodland, or in grassland; 1,050 1,920 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, local in northern part (la Croix et al. 1991: 339). Eulophia ovalis Lindl. var. bainesii (Rolfe) P.J.Cribb & la Croix Eulophia monticola Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green and yellow, lip straw-yellow, spur mm long; in montane grassland and woodland on rocky hillsides; 1,000 2,135 m. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Kenya, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 472 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Mbuzinandi road, ca 1,970 m, 1983, la Croix 414 (K). Plants of the Nyika Plateau 323

80 Epipactis africana Del. Graham Williamson Eulophia ovalis var. bainesii Del. Graham Williamson Eulophia seleensis Del. Graham Williamson Habenaria arianae Del. Graham Williamson Habenaria goetzeana Del. Graham Williamson 324 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

81 ORCHIDACEAE Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 2,100 m, 1959, Richards (K); grassland, 1966, Williamson 236 (K, SRGH). Eulophia rara Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers very variable in colour, spur 1 2 mm long; woodlands, including high-rainfall miombo, drier plateau miombo, and mountain slope miombo, also in mixed Brachystegia Mopane woodland; 550 1,700 m. Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 507 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, ca 24 km N. of M1, 1,700 m, 1977, Pawek (K, MAL, MO). Eulophia schweinfurthii Kraenzl. Eulophia involuta Summerh.; Eulophia compta Summerh.; Lissochilus smithii Rolfe; Lissochilus elegantulus Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers purple-red with yellow petals and lip; in hot low to medium altitude river valleys, in open woodland, on pan margins in Mopane woodland, on Kalahari Sand, clay, and sandy soils; 300 1,950 m. Widespread in tropical Africa Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 477 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Sawi Valley, 1,950 m, 1972, Synge WC456 (K). Eulophia seleensis (De Wild.) Butzin Eulophia tenuiscapa Schltr.; Eulophia recurvata G.Will. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green-brown or yellow-green with white petals and lip, spur 3 4 mm long; woodland and miombo; 800 1,650 m. Widespread in central and eastern Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 531 (1998). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, foothill forest, 1966, Williamson 224 (K). Eulophia streptopetala Lindl. Eulophia manganjensis Rolfe; Lissochilus shirensis Rendle; Lissochilus carsonii Rolfe Terrestrial orchid; flowers green and yellow, spur 2 4 mm long; submontane and dambo grasslands, mixed deciduous woodlands, and forest margins, often on rocky outcrops, sometimes on termite mounds; 800 2,300 m. Widespread in Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 465 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, ridge above Mondwe Valley, 1972, Synge 259 (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near Zambian Rest House, 2,250 m, 1967, Richards (K). Eulophia subsaprophytica Schltr. Terrestrial orchid to 700 mm tall; leaves reduced to 3-bract like at the base, scale-like at the nodes, inflorescence lax, to 20-flowered, sepals brown/ purple, petals yellow/purple, lip yellow at the base, spur 5 mm long; in Brachystegia woodland, often on stony sloping ground; 800 1,600 m. Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Possibly a saprophyte. Malawi. Nyika National Park, N. side of Wovwe Valley (la Croix et al. 1991: 324). Eulophia thomsonii Rolfe Terrestrial orchid; flowers creamy-white, spur 1 3 mm long; in montane grassland; 1,550 2,380 m. Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 505 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Chelinda Camp, 2,200 m, 1958, Robson & Angus 372 (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near Zambian Rest House, 1955, Lees 60 (K); grassland N. of Rest House, 1965, Williamson & Kirby 148 (SRGH). Habenaria anaphysema Rchb.f. Slender terrestrial orchid mm tall, inflorescence of up to 20 flowers; flowers green with an unpleasant smell in the evening, spur mm long; 600 2,250 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality (la Croix et al. 1991: 68). Habenaria arianae Geerinck Habenaria williamsonii Cribb Terrestrial orchid; flowers light green, spur 5 7 mm long; in wet grassland and seepage areas with shallow soil overlying rock; 600 2,300 m. Malawi (Nyika only), Burundi, D.R.C., Angola, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 88 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, ca 2,300 m, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 283 (K, SRGH); Chelinda Bridge, 1977, Grosvenor & Renz 1213 (K, SRGH); 2000, Kurzweil 2019 (MAL). Habenaria clavata (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Terrestrial orchid; flowers pale green or yellow-green, spur mm long; in montane grassland, woodland; 1,000 1,700 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. UZL. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979). Zambia. Above Chire River, 1967, Williamson s.n. (UZL). Habenaria cornuta Lindl. Habenaria subcornuta Schltr.; Habenaria orthocaulis Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green or yellow-green, lip sometimes white, spur mm long; in woodland and montane grassland, marshy ground, and dambos; 1,000 2,300 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 117 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, edge of Juniper Forest, ca 2,100 m, 1977, Grosvenor & Renz 1205 (K, SRGH); Chosi, 2000, Kurzweil 1970 (MAL); grassland, 1967, Williamson 368 (UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, N. bank of Chire River, 1966, Williamson 292 (K, SRGH). Habenaria debeerstiana Kraenzl. Slender terrestrial orchid to ca 600 mm high, with 2 round basal leaves and ca 7 sheathing leaves, inflorescence of up to 20 scented flowers, green and white, spur 7 10 mm long; in Brachystegia woodland, often plentiful; 1,300 1,700 m. Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and D.R.C. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Thazima; Nyika approach (la Croix et al. 1991: 59). Habenaria diselloides Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers yellow-green, spur 4 7 mm long; in seepage areas over rocks, in old gravel workings; 1,700 2,250 m. Malawi and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 90 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Bridge, 2,250 m, 1987, la Croix 986 (K, MAL); Chisanga Falls, 2000, Johnson sub Kurzweil 1987 (MAL, UZL); central grassland, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 387 (K). Habenaria filicornis Lindl. Habenaria chlorotica Rchb.f. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur mm long; in grassland and marshes, 1,150 2,300 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. UZL. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979). Zambia. 1968, Williamson 996 (UZL). Habenaria goetzeana Kraenzl. Kryptostoma goetzeana (Kraenzl.) Geerinck Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur mm long; in rough grassland and woodland, often in clearings, on shallow soil over rocks, and edges of woodland; 1,500 1,650 m. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 124 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, ca 3 km past Thazima, 1,650 m, 1987, la Croix 961 (K). Zambia. Nyika foothills woodland, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 378 (SRGH). Habenaria gonatosiphon Summerh. Terrestrial orchid , inflorescence of 3 4 flowers, greenish white, spur ca 60 mm long; in bogs or occasionally in Brachystegia woodland; 1,300 2,285 m. Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dembo Bridge bog (le Croix et al. 1991: 83). Plants of the Nyika Plateau 325

82 ORCHIDACEAE Habenaria hirsutitrunci G.Will. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur mm long; in montane grassland; 1,500 2,200 m. Malawi and Zambia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 94 (1995); Plant Systematics and Evolution 134: 55 (1980). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Jalawe Hill, ca 2,100 m, 1984, la Croix 606 (K); Zungwara, 2000, Kurzweil 2011 (MAL). Habenaria hologlossa Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur (3) 9 12 mm long; wet montane grassland; 1,900 2,200 m. Malawi (Nyika only), Kenya, and Angola. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 68 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Katizi Valley, ca 1,900 m, 1982, Elias 10 (K). Habenaria insolita Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers yellow-green, spur ca 14 mm long; in long grass at edge of woodland; 1,800 1,900 m. Malawi and Tanzania. Apparently a rare species. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 71 (1995); Kew Bulletin 16: 260 (1962). Malawi. Nyika National Park, ca 8 km N. of Thazima, ca 1,800 m, 1987, la Croix 1029 (K). Habenaria kilimanjari Rchb.f. Habenaria martialis Rchb.f.; Habenaria uhligii Kraenzl.; Habenaria lutaria Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white, spur mm long; in damp grassland, sandy soil in marsh; 900 2,400 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 98 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Mwenembwe (Mwanemba), 2,400 m, 1903, McClounie 57 (K). Habenaria kyimbilae Schltr. Habenaria furcipetala Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur mm long; in montane grassland and Brachystegia woodland; 1,300 2,300 m. Malawi, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 98 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dembo Bridge, 2000, Johnson sub Kurzweil 1998 (NBG [fragment]); Juniper Forest Reserve, 2000, Chikuni 517 (MAL). Habeneria laurentii De Wild. Terrestrial orchid mm tall, inflorescence of 5 15 flowers, green and white, spur 60 mm long, sometimes tucked into the bract; in Brachystegia woodland, often in rocky places, and in montane grassland; 1,100 2,150 m. Zimbabwe northwards to W. Africa and Kenya. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dembo Bridge; Katizi Valley; near Thazima (la Croix et al. 1991: 85). Habenaria leucoceras Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers greenish white, spur mm long; in montane grassland; 1,500 2,400 m. Zambia (Nyika only), Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 99 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, grassland near Dam 3, ca 2,100 m, 1984, la Croix 594 (K); Wovwe Valley, 2000, Kurzweil 2052 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika National Park, ca 0.5 km S.W. of Zambian Rest House, 1986, Philcox, Pope & Chisumpa 9976 (K). Habenaria leucotricha Schltr. var. leucotricha Terrestrial orchid; flowers white, spur mm long; in woodland, often on rocky soil; 900 1,200 m. Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania. This record is perhaps not strictly on the Nyika Plateau. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 140 (1995). Malawi. Rumphi District, Livingstonia Escarpment, 900 m, 1986, la Croix 1015 (K). Habenaria lithophila Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green or yellow-green, spur 8 17 mm long; in stony montane grassland; ca 2,400 m. Malawi, D.R.C., South Africa, and Tanzania. 326 Plants of the Nyika Plateau Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 137 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, ca 2,400 m, 1960, Holmes 234 (K, SRGH); without locality, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 375 (UZL). Habenaria livingstoniana la Croix & P.J.Cribb Terrestrial orchid; flowers white, spur 15 mm long; in stony soil on slope in Brachystegia woodland; 950 1,000 m. Apparently endemic, known only from the eastern escarpment of the Nyika Plateau. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 137 (1995); Kew Bulletin 48: 359 (1993). Malawi. Rumphi District, Livingstonia Escarpment, 950 m, 1967, I. & E. la Croix 1015 (K, MAL). Habenaria macrura Kraenzl. Habenaria pentaglossa Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white, spur 9 long; in montane grassland and Brachystegia woodland on stony soil; 1,200 2,400 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 135 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 2,100 m, 1959, Richards (K); grassland, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 814 (SRGH). Habenaria mechowii Rchb.f. Robust terrestrial orchid with 2 fleshy basal leaves, inflorescence of 4 9 green flowers, spur mm long; in damp grassland and dambo margins; 1,330 2,100 m. Malawi, Zambia, Angola, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Katizi Valley (la Croix et al. 1991: 94). Habenaria njamnjamica Kraenzl. Habenaria parvifolia Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green or yellow-green, spur 10 long; in Brachystegia woodland and montane grassland; 1,180 2,250 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 82 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Thazima, 1983, Elias 3 (K). Habenaria nyikensis G.Will. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur 9 10 mm long; in short open montane grassland and Brachystegia woodland, usually on stony soil; 1,660 2,250 m. Apparently endemic to the plateaux of northern Malawi (also found on the S. Viphya mountains). Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 144 (1995); Plant Systematics and Evolution 134: 59 (1980). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, close to main road ca 8 km S. of Lake Kaulime, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 375 (K, holo., SRGH, iso.). Habenaria odorata Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green and white, spur (6.5) mm long; in grassland and montane grassland; up to 2,200 m. Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 129 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Zovochipolo, among rocks, 2,200 m, 1983, la Croix 411 (K). Habenaria papyracea Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur 7 long; in Brachystegia woodland, mixed woodland, on rocky hillsides, and among rocks; 1,250 1,800 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 83 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Vitumbi, ca 1,800 m, 1976, Phillips 1498 (K, MO). Habenaria petitiana (A.Rich.) T.Durand & Schinz Platanthera volkensiana Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur mm long; in evergreen forest, in dense shade; 1,250 2,300 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 69 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, forest patch on road to Kasaramba, ca 2,300 m, 1987, la Croix & Meredith 1028 (K, MAL); without locality, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 253 (K).

83 Habenaria nyikensis Del. Graham Williamson Habenaria pubidens Del. Graham Williamson Holothrix papillosa Del. Graham Williamson Disa longilabris Del. Graham Williamson Habenaria trachypetala Del. Graham Williamson Plants of the Nyika Plateau 327

84 ORCHIDACEAE Habenaria petraea Renz & Grosvenor Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur 12.5 long; in damp areas in montane grassland, edge of forest or woodland; 1,300 2,380 m. Northern Malawi; a Nyika near-endemic. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 102 (1995); Candollea 34: 359, 360 (1979). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, S.W. of Chelinda Camp near top of Mt. Chosi, 2,380 m, 1977, Renz & Grosvenor 1104 (K, SRGH); Chelinda Rest Camp, 2000, Kurzweil 1981 (LMA, MAL, PRE, SRGH, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Rocks, 1967, Williamson & Odgers 273 (K). Habenaria praestans Rendle var. praestans Habenaria ctenophora Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green and white, spur mm long; in montane grassland, woodland, forest margins, stream banks; 1,000 2,400 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, D.R.C., Rwanda, and E. Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 75 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest Reserve, 2000, Kurzweil 2056 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near Rest House, 1964, Benson NR 476 (K). Habenaria pubidens P.J.Cribb Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur 15 long; in deep shade in evergreen forest, forming colonies; 1,700 2,450 m. Near-endemic; also in Misuku Hills. Type specimen from Nyika. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 84 (1995); Kew Bulletin 32: 146 (1977). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Zovochipolo forest patches, 2,225 m, 1982, Dowsett-Lemaire 339 (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 1967, Williamson & Odgers 280 (K, holo., SRGH). Habenaria retinervis Summerh. Robust terrestrial orchid mm tall, inflorescence of up to 20 flowers, green, spur mm long; in Brachystegia woodland; 1,300 2,000 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Thazima; between Olera and Nkhonjera (le Croix et al. 1991: 77). Habenaria riparia Renz & Grosvenor Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur mm long; in wet grass near stream; 2,150 m. Endemic to the Nyika Plateau. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 103 (1995); Candollea 34: 363, 365 (1979). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Dembo Bridge, 6 km E. of Chelinda Camp, 2,150 m, 1977, Renz & Grosvenor 1180 (K, SRGH, holo.); grassland N. of Lake Kaulime, 2000, Willis & Luhanga 124 (MAL, PRE, UZL). Habenaria schimperiana A.Rich. Robust terrestrial orchid mm tall, inflorescence of flowers, green with some white, spur mm long; in dambos and bogs, often forming extensive colonies; 1,000 2,300 m. Eastern Africa, from South Africa to Ethiopia and Sudan. Malawi. Nyika National Park, widespread (le Croix et al. 1991: 78). Habenaria splendens Rendle Robust terrestrial orchid to 700 mm tall, inflorescence of flowers, sepals green, petals and lip white, spur pendent, 50 mm long; amongst grass at edge of riverine forest; 1,270 2,200 m. Zambia and Malawi northwards to Ethiopia. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Zungwara and Thazima (la Croix et al. 1991: 59). Habenaria stenorhynchos Schltr. Habenaria dactylostigma Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white with green sepals, spur 8 10 mm long; in dambos and boggy grassland; 1,280 2,300 m. Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, South Africa, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 123 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Rock dambo, ca 2,250 m, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 813 (K, SRGH, UZL). 328 Plants of the Nyika Plateau Habenaria tentaculigera Rchb.f. Kryptostoma tentaculigera (Rchb.f.) Geerinck; Habenaria ludens Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green or yellow-green, spur mm long; in marshy grassland, seepage areas among rocks, and in Brachystegia woodland; 1,000 2,250 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., Angola, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 124 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Bridge, 2,250 m, 1974, Pawek 7892B (K, UC). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 2,200 m, 1966, Williamson 241 (K, SRGH). No country given. 1968, Williamson 819 (UZL). Habenaria tenuispica Rendle Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur 4 6 mm long; in montane bog; 2,200 2,300 m. Malawi, D.R.C., Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 68 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, 1966, Williamson 235 (K). Habenaria trachypetala Kraenzl. Habenaria rhombocorys Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur mm long; in evergreen forest margins, montane grassland, Brachystegia woodland, and tall grass at edge of dambos; 1,330 2,100 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 78 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest Reserve, 2000, Kurzweil 2068 (MAL, PRE, SRGH, UZL); Mpopoti Peak, 2000, Mwanyambo 549 (MAL). Zambia. Below Nyika, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 300 (SRGH). Habenaria uhehensis Schltr. Habenaria lurida Schltr.; Habenaria tenuifolia Summerh.; Habenaria modica Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur 8 long; in woodland and grassland; 600 2,285 m. Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, D.R.C., Angola, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 87 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Jalawe Hill, 2,250 m, 1984, la Croix 607 (K). Habenaria unicicalcar Summerh. Slender terrestrial orchid mm tall, inflorescence of 15 many flowers, pale green, spur 9 12 mm long; in Brachystegia or mixed woodland, usually on sandy soil; 1,000 1,680 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Thazima (la Croix et al. 1991: 67). Habenaria verdickii (De Wild.) Schltr. Habenaria cordifolia Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white or yellow-green, spur mm long; in grassland, dry dambo edges, and woodland, sometimes on rocky outcrops; 1,100 2,200 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., and Angola. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 145 (1995); Kew Bull. 17: 526 (1964). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Zovochipolo grassland, 2,210 m, 1985, Dowsett-Lemaire 273 (K). Habenaria welwitschii Rchb.f. Terrestrial orchid mm tall, inflorescence of flowers, green with whitish petals, spur mm long; in upland grassland; 1,300 2,225 m. Malawi, Mozambique, Angola, Rwanda, Uganda, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Zovochipolo (la Croix et al. 1991: 80). Habenaria xanthochlora Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green outside, yellow inside, spur 5 6 mm long; montane grassland; 2,130 2,350 m. Nyika Plateau (Zambia and Malawi) and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 68 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, S. of Chelinda Camp on road to Chosi, ca 2,250 m, 1977, Grosvenor & Renz 1115 (K, SRGH); Nganda Hill, 2000, Burrows sub Kurzweil 2032 (MAL).

85 ORCHIDACEAE Zambia. Nyika Plateau near Rest House, 1967, Williamson & Odgers 266 (K, SRGH). Habenaria zambesina Rchb.f. Robust terrestrial orchid m tall, inflorescence densely many-flowered; flowers white, soon aging brownish, spur slender, pendent, mm long; in dambos and damp grassland; 575 1,650 m. Throughout tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Thazima (la Croix et al. 1991: 57). Holothrix buchananii Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white with purple lines on the lip, sepals green, spur 2 3 mm long; in montane grassland; 1,900 2,300 m. Malawi and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 36 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, on road to Kasaramba, 1970, Brummitt (K, MAL); Chosi Hill, 2000, Kurzweil 1973 (MAL). Holothrix longiflora Rolfe Terrestrial orchid; flowers white, spur 3 4 mm long; woodland, rock crevices, montane grassland; 1,650 1,900 m. Malawi, Zambia, Angola, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without locality, 2000, Thera 3107 (MAL); near Fingira Rock (la Croix et al. 1991: 39); Fingira Rock, 2000, Willis & Luhanga 231 (MAL, PRE). Holothrix nyasae Rolfe Terrestrial orchid; flowers white or yellow, spur mm long; short upland grassland; 200 2,700 m. Tanzania. Not recorded in Flora zambesiaca; possibly incorrectly identified. Source. UZL. Zambia. Nyika Plateau, grassland, 1968, Williamson 1391 (UZL). Holothrix papillosa Summerh. Holothrix brachycheira Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white, sepals green, spur mm long; in montane grassland, Brachystegia woodland; 1,650 2,300 m. Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 38 (1995); la Croix et al. (1991: 40). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, near Nganda Peak, 1975, Pawek 9277 (K, MO, UC); Chosi Hill, 2000, Kurzweil 1974 (MAL, PRE, SRGH, UZL). Zambia. Nyika National Park, ca 0.5 km S.W. of Zambian Rest House, 1986, Philcox, Pope & Chisumpa 9975 (K); grassland near Rest House, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 265 (K, SRGH). Holothrix pleistodactyla Kraenzl. Holothrix rorida G.Will. Terrestrial orchid; flowers cream to pale yellow, spur mm long; in dry montane grassland, after burning; 2,130 2,300 m. Malawi and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 35 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Bridge, 1969, Pawek 2827 (K, MO); ibid., 1968, Williamson 395 (K, SRGH). Holothrix puberula Rendle Terrestrial orchid, mm tall; flowers lilac-purple and green, spur 4 mm long; in Brachystegia woodland, in sparse grass on shallow soil overlying rock, open rocky slopes; ca 1,660 m. Malawi, Zambia, E. Africa, and Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 35 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, ca 4 km N. of Thazima, 1987, la Croix 962 (K). Holothrix tridactylites Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white, sometimes tinged lilac, spur 3 4 mm long; in dry montane grassland, usually recently burnt; 2,050 2,300 m. Nyika Plateau (Zambia and Malawi) and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 40 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Hill, 1987, la Croix 1049 (K, MAL). Zambia. Nyika National Park, near Kasoma Forest, 1981, Dowsett-Lemaire 346 (K); S. of Rest House, 1968, Williamson 394 (UZL). Liparis bowkeri Harv. Liparis neglecta Schltr. Terrestrial, epilithic or epiphytic orchid; flowers green or yellow-green; in riverine forest, high-rainfall Brachystegia woodland, under rocks, and on mossy rocks and fallen trunks in shade; 1,100 2,200 m. Very variable in size. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 277 (1995); Fl. Afr. Centrale 1: 277 (1984). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Wovwe Valley, 2000, Kurzweil 2044 (MAL); without locality or collector (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, in forest on rocks, 1966, Williamson 240 (K). Liparis mulindana Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers dull reddish and green; in Brachystegia woodland, often on stony hillsides; 1,100 1,650 m. Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, D.R.C., Burundi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 279 (1995); F.T. E.A. Orchidaceae 2: 294 (1984). Malawi. Nyika National Park, ca 5 km N. of Thazima, 1,650 m, 1987, la Croix 963 (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, S. of Rest House, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 377 (SRGH). Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. Terrestrial orchid mm tall; leaves 2 3, inflorescence many-flowered; flowers small, green with deep maroon lip; in woodland or in wet grassy places; 500 1,700 m. Throughout the tropics of the world. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Katizi Valley; Nchenachena (la Croix et al. 1991: 177). Liparis nyikana G.Will. Epiphyte; flowers greenish yellow; evergreen forest, on mossy trunks and branches of forest trees, usually near streams; 2,000 2,350 m. Malawi (Nyika Plateau) and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 281 (1995); Plant Systematics and Evolution 142: 152 (1983). Malawi. Nyika National Park, on tree fern trunks in gully forest, 1960, Holmes 233 (K, holo., SRGH, iso.). Liparis rungweensis Schltr. Liparis rupicola Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green; in submontane grassland, in tall grass, and scrub; ca 2,100 m. Zambia (Nyika only) and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 281 (1995). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near Zambian Rest House, 2,100 m, 1982, Dowsett- Lemaire 360 (K). Malaxis katangensis Summerh. Very small terrestrial orchid mm high; leaves 2 3, pleated, inflorescence slender, many-flowered; flowers very small, yellow-green; in Brachystegia and transitional woodland; 1,300 1,600 m. Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, D.R.C., and W. Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls (la Croix et al. 1991: 180). Microcoelia globulosa (Hochst.) L.Jonss. Epiphytic orchid, lacking leaves, inflorescence lax, 8- to 15-flowered, floral bracts sheathing; flowers white, scented, spur ca 3 mm long; in open woodland, occasionally in riverine forest; 1,050 1,600 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Thazima (la Croix et al. 1991: 279). Microcoelia stolzii (Schltr.) Summerh. Microcoelia eriocosma Summerh. Epiphytic orchid, lacking leaves, inflorescence dense, many-flowered, floral bracts not sheathing; flowers white, spur mm long; in montane and lakeshore evergreen forest; 1,150 2,300 m. Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Kenya, and Tanzania. Plants of the Nyika Plateau 329

86 Holothrix pleistodactyla Del. Graham Williamson Liparis bowkeri Del. Graham Williamson Liparis mulindana Del. Graham Williamson Liparis nyikana Del. Graham Williamson Malaxis katangensis Del. Graham Williamson Microcoelia stolzii Del. Graham Williamson 330 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

87 ORCHIDACEAE Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 429 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 1971, Williamson 2103 (SRGH). Mystacidium tanganyikense Summerh. Dwarf, short-stemmed epiphytic orchid; flowers white or pale green, spur 10 long; in dense shade in montane evergreen rainforest, on trunks, branches, and lianas, usually in moss; 1,700 2,400 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia (Nyika only), Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 437 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Lake Kaulime, 2,300 m, 1968, Williamson 822 (K, SRGH); Juniper Forest Reserve, 2000, Kurzweil 2059 (MAL, SRGH, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1965, Williamson & Kirby 129 (K (spirit)). Neobolusia stolzii Schltr. var. stolzii Terrestrial orchid; flowers yellow-green with maroon lip; damp montane grassland, seepage slopes amongst rocks; 1,800 2,300 m. Zambia (Nyika only), Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 28 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dembo Bridge, 2000, Johnson sub Kurzweil 2002 (MAL, PRE, SRGH, UZL); Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Kurzweil 2023 (MAL); central grasslands, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 278 (K, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near Rest House, 2,150 m, 1982, Dowsett-Lemaire 198 (K). Nervilia ballii G.Will. Terrestrial orchid; flowers reddish with yellow lip; woodland, grassland, grassland scrub, Syzygium thicket, and pine or Gmelina plantations; 600 1,500 m. Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 266 (1995); Plant Systematics and Evolution 134: tab. 7 (1980). Malawi. Rumphi District, Nyika approach, ca 5 km after turn-off to Thazima, 1,500 m, 1987, I. & E. la Croix 938 (K). Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. & Moritzi) Seidenf. Nervilia humilis Schltr.; Nervilia reniformis Schltr.; Nervilia erosa P.J.Cribb Terrestrial orchid; flowers brownish green; Brachystegia woodland, evergreen forest, grassland, riverine forest, and pine plantations; 650 2,000 m. Widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar, and Australasia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 252 (1995); Kew Bulletin 32: 152 (1977). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near Chowo and around Kasoma, 2,000 2,200 m 1982, Dowsett-Lemaire 280 (K). Nervilia pectinata P.J.Cribb Terrestrial orchid; flowers pale green lined with purple; in montane forest and cypress plantations; 990 2,220 m. Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia (Nyika only), Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 253 (1995); Kew Bulletin 32: 151 (1977). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, from Kasyaula to Zovochipolo and Juniper Forest Reserve, 2,000 2,200 m, 1982, Dowsett-Lemaire 342 (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 1971, Williamson 2102 (K). Nervillia shirensis (Rolfe) Schltr. Terrestrial orchid, leaf erect, ovate, inflorescence usually 2-flowered; flowers greenish yellow with purple veining; in Brachystegia woodland or montane grasslands; 650 2,200 m. Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Jalawe Hill; S. of Thazima (la Croix et al. 1991: 94). Nervilia stolziana Schltr. Nervilia fuerstenbergiana sensu Williamson Terrestrial orchid; leaves reniform to round; flowers reddish green; in Brachystegia woodland, submontane and riverine vegetation, and in pine and Eucalyptus plantations; 900 1,800m. Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 253 (1995); Norweg. J. Bot. 9: 496 (1990). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chisanga Falls, 1969, Ball 1199 (SRGH). Platycoryne crocea (Schweinf. ex Rchb.f.) Rolfe Terrestrial orchid mm tall; flowers 1 6 in a dense head, yelloworange to deep orange, spur mm long; in drier situations in Brachystegia woodland; 800 1,600 m. Malawi and Zambia northwards throughout tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Thazima (la Croix et al. 1991: 102). Platycoryne protearum (Rchb.f.) Rolfe var. protearum Terrestrial orchid; flowers greenish orange, spur mm long; in wet grassland and marsh; 1,050 2,200 m. Zambia, Malawi, D.R.C., Zimbabwe, Angola, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1); 149 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979); rocks E. of Chowo, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 801 (SRGH, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, ca 2,200 m, 1960, Holmes 212 (K). Polystachya brassii Summerh. Epiphytic, occasionally epilithic, orchid with small ovoid pseudobulbs with ca 3 grass-like leaves; flowers 5 6, comparatively large, yellow/white, primrose-scented; in high-rainfall Brachystegia woodland, or on rocks; 1,100 1,800 m. Malawi and Zambia. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Thazima (la Croix et al. 1991: 219). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Rocks (la Croix et al. 1991: 219). Polystachya dendrobiiflora Rchb.f. Polystachya tayloriana Rendle; Polystachya flexuosa (Rolfe) Schltr.; Polystachya miranda Kraenzl.; Polystachya busseana Kraenzl. Epiphytic, epilithic or terrestrial; flowers pink; in rocky outcrops, hillsides, montane scrub, woodland; 550 2,165 m. Widespread in central and eastern Africa. Source. Brummitt (1973). Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 362 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, near lower Mondwe River, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 225 (K); Zungwara; Mpanda Hill; scattered in the Nyika woodland (la Croix et al. 1991: 224). Polystachya fusiformis (Thours) Lindl. Epiphytic orchid with fusiform pseudobulbs bearing 2 4 leaves on terminal pseudobulb; flowers very small, deep maroon-purple; in high-rainfall Brachystegia woodland, or in montane and riverine forest; 1,000 2,135 m. Widespread in tropical Africa; also in Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands. Malawi. Nyika National Park, widespread in forest and woodland (la Croix et al. 1991: 215). Polystachya goetzeana Kraenzl. Epiphyte; flowers greenish yellow and white; montane and submontane evergreen forest, embedded in moss on branches of trees; 2,300 2,350 m. Malawi (Nyika Plateau) and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 344 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, forest patch by road to Kasaramba, 2,300 m, 1987, I.F. & E.A.S. la Croix 1036 (K). Polystachya heckmanniana Kraenzl. Epiphytic or epilithic orchid with clusters or chains of pseudobulbs; flowers greenish yellow with whitish lip and purple-veined side lobes; in submontane forest or on rocks outside forest; 1,750 2,200 m. Malawi, Tanzania, and Kenya. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Mwenembwe Forest (la Croix et al. 1991: 224). Polystachya holmesiana P.J.Cribb Epiphyte; flowers orange; in high-rainfall Brachystegia woodland and riverine forest, usually on trees, sometimes on rocks in shade; 1,600 1,920 m. Malawi (Nyika only) and Zambia; known only from the Flora zambesiaca area. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 351 (1998). Plants of the Nyika Plateau 331

88 Mystacidium tanganyikense Del. Graham Williamson Neobolusia stolzii var. stolzii Del. Graham Williamson Nervilia pectinata Del. Graham Williamson Nervilia ballii Del. Graham Williamson Polystachya holmesiana Del. Graham Williamson Platycoryne protearum var. protearum Del. Graham Williamson Polystachya transvaalensis Del. Graham Williamson 332 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

89 ORCHIDACEAE Malawi. Rumphi District, approach to Nyika National Park, ca 1,650 m, 1980, la Croix 206 (K); and inside park, N. of Thazima (la Croix et al. 1991: 227). Polystachya malilaensis Schltr. Epiphytic orchid, inflorescence up to 20-flowered; flowers with yellowish sepals and petals, lip white with purple markings; epiphyte in submontane and riverine forest, also in high-rainfall Brachystegia woodland; 1,600 2,285 m. Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, and D.R.C. Malawi. Nyika National Park, widespread between 2,135 m and 2,285 m (la Croix et al. 1991: 230). Polystachya modesta Rchb.f. Polystachya shirensis Rchb.f. Epiphytic or epilithic; flowers yellow, green, or dull red; riverine forest, high-rainfall woodland, and mist zone woodland, epiphytic on trees and occasionally on Xerophyta spp., also on rocks; sea level to 1,800 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 339 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Thazima-Chelinda Road, in woodland, 1,800 m, 1984, la Croix 619 (K). Polystachya transvaalensis Schltr. Polystachya rendlei Rolfe Epiphytic or epilithic; flowers green, yellow-green or yellow; submontane, montane, and gully forest; 1,400 2,440 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 330 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Lake Kaulime, 2,440 m, 1959, Richards (K); ibid., 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 823 (UZL); Mpopoti, 2000, Maroyi sub Kurzweil 2033 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Manyenjere Forest, 2,070 m, 1982, Dowsett-Lemaire 282 (K). Rangaeris muscicola (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Aerangis falcifolia Schltr.; Mystacidium muscicolum (Rchb.f.) Th.Dur. & Schinz Epiphytic or lithophytic orchid; flowers waxy white, spur mm long; in Brachystegia woodland and evergreen forest, often on rocks; 800 1,800 m. Widespread in tropical and southern Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 440 (1998). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chisanga Falls, on rocks, 1968, Williamson 841 (K). Roeperocharis bennettiana Rchb.f. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur 5 15 mm long; in montane grassland, usually in drier areas; 2,200 2,440 m. Nyika Plateau (Zambia and Malawi), Tanzania, Kenya, and Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 157 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, edge of thicket on road to Chowo Forest, 2,200 m, 1982, la Croix 322 (K); Chisanga Falls, 2000, Johnson sub Kurzweil 1984 (MAL, UZL); without locality, 1968, Williamson 897 (UZL). Zambia. Nyika National Park, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 304 (K). No country given. Nyika Plateau Roeperocharis wentzeliana Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green, spur 4 7 mm long; in montane grassland, usually in damper areas, montane bog; 1,700 2,440 m. Zambia (Nyika only), Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 159 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, ca 2 km N. of Chosi Peak, 1986, Philcox, Pope & Chisumpa (K); Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Kurzweil 2026 (MAL, SRGH); without locality, 1968, Williamson 902 (UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1967, Williamson 296 (K, SRGH). Satyrium amblyosaccos Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white, spurs 2 3 mm long; in montane, wet or dry grassland, marsh, and Brachystegia woodland; 1,200 2,300 m. Zambia, Malawi, D.R.C., Burundi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 220 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, road to Nganda, ca 3 km N. of turn-off to Dembo Bridge, 1977, Grosvenor & Renz 1178 (K, SRGH); Dembo Bridge, 2000, Johnson sub Kurzweil 2004 (MAL, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1968, Williamson 358 (K, UZL). Satyrium breve Rolfe Terrestrial orchid; flowers pink to purple, spurs mm long; in marshy grassland; 1,200 2,300 m. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi, D.R.C., Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania. This species is very variable, and has an unusually long flowering season. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 222 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, by Dam 3, 2,250 m, 1986, la Croix 863 (K); without locality, 1968, Williamson 1033 (UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1966, Williamson 234 (K). Satyrium buchananii Schltr. Satyrium longissimum Rolfe; Satyrium nyassense Kraenzl.; Satyrium stolzianum Kraenzl.; Satyrium kassnerianum Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white, spurs mm long; in dambos and wet montane grassland; 1,300 2,300 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., Angola, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 210 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, road from Chelinda to Juniper Forest, 2000, Kurzweil 2053 (MAL); without locality or collector (Mill 1979). Satyrium carsonii Rolfe Terrestrial orchid; flowers white, spurs 8 10 mm long; in mixed woodland, dambo edges, roadside grass; 1,200 1,500 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 201 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979). Zambia. Lundazi District, foothills of Nyika, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 828 (K). Satyrium chlorocorys Rolfe Satyrium kraenzlinii Rolfe; Satyrium fallax Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green or yellow-green, spurs 8 long; in montane grassland; 1,450 2,345 m. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia (Nyika only), Uganda, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 216 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasaramba Viewpoint, 2,345 m, 1970, Brummitt (K); Chosi Hill, 2000, Kurzweil 1969 (MAL, PRE, SRGH, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1968, Williamson 938 (K, SRGH). Satyrium coriophoroides A.Rich. Satyrium sacculatum (Rendle) Rolfe; Satyrium stolzii Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers red, pink or white, spurs mm; in grassland, and at edge of woodland or in dambos; 1,400 2,300 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 215 (1995). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 359 (K, SRGH). Satyrium crassicaule Rendle Satyrium fischeranum Kraenzl.; Satyrium kirkii Rolfe; Satyrium usambarae Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers pale pink, spurs 8 12 mm long; in wet dambos, swamps, and lake margins; 1,300 2,300 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 206 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, 12.5 km N. of Chelinda Camp on way to Nganda, ca 2,200 m, 1977, Grosvenor & Renz 1144 (K, SRGH); Nganda Hill, 2000, Burrows sub Kurzweil 2030 (MAL); without locality, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 816 (UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 2,100 m, 1959, Richards (K). Satyrium kitimboense Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid mm tall, with roundish basal leaves flat on the ground, inflorescence ca 8-flowered; flowers white, spurs 24 mm long; grassy banks at edge of, and in, Brachystegia woodland, occasionally in dambos; 875 1,675 m. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, D.R.C., Plants of the Nyika Plateau 333

90 Roeperocharis bennettiana Del. Graham Williamson Rangaeris muscicola Del. Graham Williamson Satyrium breve Del. Graham Williamson Satyrium coriophoroides Del. Graham Williamson Satyrium orbiculare Del. Graham Williamson Satyrium rhynchantoides Del. Graham Williamson 334 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

91 ORCHIDACEAE Burundi, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Katizi Valley; Thazima (la Croix et al. 1991: 131). Satyrium microcorys Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers cream-yellow or yellow-green, spurs 3 4 mm long; in montane grassland, usually amongst rocks in seepage areas; 1,900 2,300 m. Zambia (Nyika only), N. Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 217 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Chelinda Bridge, 2,300 m, 1987, la Croix 1002 (K, MAL); Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Kurzweil 2015 (LMA, MAL, PRE, SRGH, UZL); without locality, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 290 (K, SRGH). Satyrium monadenum Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers carmine-red, spurs mm; in seasonally wet montane grassland; usually over 2,100 m. Nyika Plateau (Zambia and Malawi) and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 209 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, wet montane grassland near Dam #3, 2,300 m, 1983, la Croix 403 (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1967, Williamson 229 (K, SRGH). Satyrium neglectum Schltr. subsp. neglectum Satyrium densum Rolfe; Satyrium colliferum Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers pink, spurs 6 17 mm long; in montane grassland, dambos; 1,750 1,900 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Mpopoti Peak, 2000, Willis & Luhanga 86 (PRE); without locality or collector (Mill 1979); without locality, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 817 (UZL). Satyrium neglectum Schltr. subsp. woodii (Schltr.) A.V. Hall Terrestrial orchid; flowers pink, sometimes yellowish, spurs 6 17 mm long; in montane grassland and dambos; 1,750 1,900 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. UZL. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979); road to Kasaramba, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 373 (SRGH). Satyrium orbiculare Rolfe Terrestrial orchid; flowers bright orange-red, spurs 9 10 mm long; in montane grassland, woodland; 1,650 2,200 m. Zambia, Malawi, D.R.C., Rwanda, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 203 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Mbuzinandi-Olera Road, ca 1,700 m, 1977, Pawek (K, MAL, MO, SRGH, UC); Wovwe Valley, 2000, Kurzweil 2043 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 795 (K). Satyrium princeae Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers rose-pink, spurs mm; in montane grassland, usually in wetter areas; 1,900 2,400 m. Nyika Plateau (Zambia and Malawi) and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 203 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Kasaramba Road near Juniper Forest junction, ca 2,300 m, 1970, Pawek 3391 (K); Dembo Bridge, 2000, Johnson sub Kurzweil 2005 (MAL, SRGH, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, ca 1,900 m, 1977, Grosvenor & Renz 1101 (K, SRGH); E. of Chowo, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 279 (SRGH). Satyrium rhynchantoides Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers pale pink to lilac, spurs 6 8 mm; in submontane grassland and high-rainfall woodland, usually on rocky outcrops; 1,700 2,200 m. Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 208 (1995). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Chowo Rocks, 2,200 m, 1974, Pawek 7946 (K, UC); ibid., ca 2,100 m, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 243 (K); ibid., 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 804 (UZL). Satyrium riparium Rchb.f. Terrestrial orchid; flowers greenish yellow, spurs mm; in montane grassland, swampy grassland, and in dambos; 1,100 2,100 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, D.R.C., Angola, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 215 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Rocks, 2,100 m, 1982, Dowsett-Lemaire 200 (K). Satyrium sceptrum Schltr. Satyrium acutirostrum Summerh. Terrestrial orchid; flowers orange, yellow or red, spurs mm; montane grassland; 1,950 2,300 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 209 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls, 2000, Johnson sub Kurzweil 1985 (MAL, UZL); Zungwara, 2000, Kurzweil 2013 (MAL, SRGH, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, at Rest House, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 267 (K, SRGH). Satyrium shirense Rolfe Terrestrial orchid; flowers creamy white, spurs 8 12 mm long; montane grassland, rocky hillsides, and seepage slopes; 1,750 2,500 m. Malawi and Zambia (Nyika only); not known elsewhere. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 217 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, junction of Chelinda Bridge and Kasaramba roads, ca 2,300 m, 1977, Pawek (K, MAL, MO); Chosi Hill, 2000, Kurzweil 1968 (LMA, MAL, PRE, SRGH, UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1968, Williamson 937 (K, SRGH). Satyrium sphaeranthum Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers white or bright yellow, spurs mm long; usually occurs in the transition zone between two vegetation types, for example, between evergreen forest and montane grassland, and between thicket and Brachystegia woodland; 1,280 2,200 m. Zimbabwe, Zambia (Nyika only), Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 218 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Katizi Valley, ca 1,900 m, 1982, la Croix & Johnston-Stewart 332 (K); Chisanga Falls, 2000, Johnson sub Kurzweil 1990 (MAL, UZL); without locality, 1968, Williamson 898 (UZL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, behind Rest House, verge of evergreen forest, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 297 (K, SRGH). Satyrium trinerve Lindl. Satyrium zombense Rolfe; Satyrium atherstonei Rchb.f.; Satyrium occultum Rolfe; Satyrium nuttii Rolfe Terrestrial orchid; flowers white, spurs 4 7 mm long; in grassland, usually in moist localities, dambos, and Brachystegia woodland; 550 2,300 m. Widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, and Madagascar. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 220 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, by main road opposite old salt lick, 2,300 m, 1976, Phillips 1229 (K). Satyrium volkensii Schltr. Satyrium trachypetalum Kraenzl.; Satyrium leptopetalum Kraenzl. Terrestrial orchid; flowers green or yellow-green, spurs mm; in woodland, grassland, and dambo margins; 1,200 2,400 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 216 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika foothills, 1966, Williamson 242 (K). Schizochilus sulphureus Schltr. Terrestrial orchid; flowers yellow, spur mm long; this is a montane species, occurring above 1,800 m; often found in moss in seepages over rock, and in damp grassland, often after fire. Malawi, Mozambique, and S. Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 31 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1960, Holmes 203 (K, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Rock, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 802 (UZL). Schwartzkopffia lastii (Rolfe) Schltr. Terrestrial (saprophytic?) orchid to 50 mm tall; leaves reduced to ca 5 bracts Plants of the Nyika Plateau 335

92 ORCHIDACEAE on the stem; flowers 1 3, comparatively large, white, lemon-scented; in grass under Brachystegia woodland; 650 1,800 m. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, D.R.C., and Angola. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality (la Croix et al. 1991: 34). Stenoglottis zambesiaca Rolfe Stenoglottis fimbriata sensu Moriarty (1975), la Croix et al. (1991), non Lindley (1837). Epiphytic or epilithic orchid with a basal rosette of brown- or black-spotted leaves, inflorescence more or less secund, many-flowered; flowers pale to deep pink, lip spotted, spur absent; in deep shade of evergreen forest or moist woodland, on mossy rocks or rotting logs; 1,300 2,150 m. South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 41 (11995); la Croix et al. 1991: 107). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Kasyaula Forest (la Croix et al.: 107, 1991, as S. fimbriata). Stolzia repens (Rolfe) Summerh. var. repens Epiphyte; flowers yellow with red markings; in high-rainfall woodland and evergreen forest; 1,050 2,200 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 290 (1995). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collector (Mill 1979). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Manyenjere Forest, 2,070 m, 1982, Dowsett-Lemaire 365 (K). Stolzia williamsonii P.J.Cribb Epiphyte; flowers red-brown; in high-rainfall woodland and evergreen forest; 1,050 2,200 m. Malawi (Nyika Plateau) and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(1): 291 (1995). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasaramba Forest, 1968, Williamson, Ball & Simon 370 (K, holo.). Tridactyle anthomaniaca (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Tridactyle trachyrhiza (Schltr.) Schltr. Epiphytic orchid; flowers straw-orange to brownish orange, spur 7 16 mm long; in high-rainfall woodland and edge of evergreen forest; 60 1,500 m. Widespread in tropical Africa. Not recorded from Nyika in la Croix et al. (1991). Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 447 (1998). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chisai Hill, 1966, Williamson & Odgers 123 (K). Excluded species Tridactyle citrina P.J.Cribb Epiphytic orchid; flowers yellow, cream-yellow or greenish cream, spur mm long; in woodland and on scattered trees in montane grassland, also in high-rainfall Brachystegia woodland, usually on larger branches; 1,360 1,700 m. Zambia, N. Malawi, and S. Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 454 (1998). Malawi. Rumphi District, approach to Nyika National Park, in mixed woodland, ca 1,600 m, 1986, I. & E. la Croix 903 (K, MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, near Chire River, on Protea trees and rocks, 1966, Williamson 230 (K, holo.). Tridactyle inaequilonga (De Wild.) Schltr. Angraecum inaequilongum De Wild. Epiphytic orchid; flowers yellowish green to straw-orange, spur 7 12 mm long; usually a high level epiphyte, forming large hanging colonies, in submontane and riverine forest, occasionally in high-rainfall Brachystegia woodland; 1,250 1,800 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Perhaps conspecific with T. stipulata (De Wild.) Schltr. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 448 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls, 1,600 1,800 m, 1981, Dowsett-Lemaire 281 (K); Chisanga Falls, 2000, Winter sub Kurzweil 1991 (MAL). Tridactyle tricuspis (Bolus) Schltr. Tridactyle nyassana Schltr.; Tridactyle frommiana (Kraenzl.) Schltr.; Tridactyle fragrans G.Will. Epiphytic orchid; flowers greenish white or yellow-green, spur 9 14 mm long; in miombo or Brachystegia woodland, montane evergreen forest, also on granite outcrops and on Xerophyta spp. on mountains; 1,130 2,285 m. Widespread in tropical and southern Africa. A very variable species. Source. Flora zambesiaca 11(2): 452 (1998). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chowo Rocks, 2,150 m, 1970, Pawek 3428 (K); Montane mist forest, central Nyika, 1966, Williamson 227 (K, SRGH) [type of T. fragrans]. Tridactyle tridentata (Harv.) Schltr. Epiphytic orchid; leaves terete (round in section); flowers straw-coloured, spur 6 9 mm long; epiphyte in Brachystegia woodland, sometimes on rocks; 900 1,900 m. South Africa to Tanzania and Uganda. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Chisanga Falls; Nyika approach (la Croix et al. 1991: 293). In addition, a number of species have also been reported to occur on the Nyika Plateau, but their identity is questionable and cannot be verified since no voucher specimens have been deposited in herbaria. It is assumed that a number of these are incorrectly identified. Bulbophylllum intertextum Lindl. Dowsett-Lemaire No country given. Bulbophylllum ivorense Cribb & Perez-Vera Currently only known from D.R.C. and W. Africa. Malawi. Mill Bulbophylllum oxychilum Schltr. Currently only known from D.R.C., Uganda, and W. Africa. Malawi. Mill Centrostigma occultans (Rchb.f.) Schltr. Malawi. Mill Cyrtorchis arcuata (Lindl.) Schltr. Malawi. Mill Cyrtorchis praetermissa Summerh. Malawi. Mill Disa dichroa Summerh. Malawi. Mill Disa versicolor Rchb.f. Malawi. Mill Eulophia aurantiaca Rolfe Malawi. Mill Eulophia speciosa (R.Br. ex Lindl.) Bolus Malawi. Mill Habenaria altior Rendle Currently only known from E. Africa. Malawi. Mill Habenaria malacophylla Rchb.f. Malawi. Mill Habenaria thomsonii Rchb.f. Currently only known from E. Africa. Malawi. Mill Habenaria weberiana Schltr. Malawi. Mill Plants of the Nyika Plateau

93 Stenoglottis zambesiaca Del. Graham Williamson Schizochilus sulphureus Del. Graham Williamson Schwartzkopffia lastii Del. Graham Williamson Stolzia williamsonii Del. Graham Williamson Tridactyle tridentata Del. Graham Williamson Tridactyle citrina Del. Graham Williamson Plants of the Nyika Plateau 337

94 Liparis deistelii Schltr. Currently only known from W. and E. Africa. Dowsett-Lemaire Malaxis schliebenii (Mansf.) Summerh. Malawi. Mill Polystachya vaginata Summerh. Dowsett-Lemaire Satyrium paludosum Rchb.f. Malawi. Mill Tridactyle furcistipes Summerh. Currently only known from E. Africa. Malawi. Mill POACEAE POACEAE Agrostis lachnantha Nees Agrostis huttoniae (Hack.) C.E.Hubb. South African bent Annual or short-lived perennial, m high; grows in patches in water or wet soils along or in streams, on river-banks, near waterfalls, in irrigation canals, on wet rock, in kloof forests, and along roads; also in tufts in montane grassland. Southern African region to Uganda, Ethiopia, and Sudan. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 88 (1971). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, near Nganda Hill, 2,320 m, 1962, Tyrer 881 (COI, SRGH); Mpopoti, 2000, Mwanyambo 543 (MAL); Dembo River Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL). Agrostis producta Pilg. Agrostis greenwayi C.E.Hubb Compactly tufted, erect perennial, mm high, base with fibrous remains of old leaf-sheaths; in montane grassland with Exotheca abyssinica grassland, on hillsides, and rocky slopes, often found in shade under bracken, also along roadsides. Malawi and Zimbabwe into E. Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 89 (1971). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Lake Kaulime, 1959, Robinson 3040 (SRGH); en route to Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE) and (PRE); past Dam 2 on way to Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH); between Chelinda Hill and Kasaramba turnoff, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Agrostis schimperiana Steud. Loosely tufted, erect to sometimes geniculate, stoloniferous perennial, 300 1,200 mm high; in moist places in mountain grassland, along streams and on river-banks, on wet rocks near waterfalls, and in gorges. Zambia and Zimbabwe; also Ethiopia and E. Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 88 (1971). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 2,130 m, 1959, Robinson 2998 (BM, K, SRGH). Aira caryophyllea L. silvery hair grass Annual mm high; invades disturbed soil of montane grasslands (Lemon 1964); A. caryophyllea intergrades with A. cupaniana Guss., both European species, which are often difficult to separate, with the African plants often appearing to fall somewhere between the two species and further investigation is necessary. Europe, northern Africa, W. tropical Africa, extending throughout eastern tropical Africa to southern Africa; also in western Asia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 81 (1971). Malawi. Nyika, 1952, Jackson 880 (K, SRGH). Alloteropsis semialata (R.Br.) Hitchc. Tufted perennial, ca m high; basal sheaths silky pubescent to tomentose; a polymorphic species, unique in possessing both kranz and non-kranz anatomy; can be distinguished morphologically into two subspecies. Old World tropics and South Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Alloteropsis semialata (R.Br.) Hitchc. subsp. eckloniana (Nees) Gibbs Russ. black-seed grass Basal leaf sheaths veins 0.3 mm wide; leaf blades broad, flat, narrowing abruptly to tip; inflorescence usually shorter than 80 mm, spikelets darkcoloured, tightly packed; upland grassland; 1,300 2,000 m. South Africa to Tanzania. The specimen quoted below has an inflorescence atypical for this subspecies, but other characters fit. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 61 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE). Andropogon amethystinus Steud. Perennial, very variable both in habit and spikelet details; straggling with wiry rhizomes, but at higher altitudes forming dense tufts; up to 600 mm high; racemes vary from glabrous to densely hairy, internodes and pedicels linear or pedicels slightly clavate; sessile spikelet mm long, lower glume 2-nerved; pedicelled spikelet awned; upland and montane grassland, often in moist situations. Malawi and Zambia; Lesotho, South Africa, northwards to E. Africa, Ethiopia, and Nigeria; also in Yemen and India. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Lake Kaulime, 2,340 m, 1970, Brummitt (PRE, K); between Chelinda Hill and Kasaramba road, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Andropogon eucomus Nees snowflake grass, old man s beard; kasorosoro Perennial, tufted; up to 1 m high; racemes 3 6; pedicels and internodes villous to plumose with hairs 7 10 mm long; sessile spikelet 2 3 mm long; allied to A. laxatus, which usually has 2 racemes; sessile spikelet 4 5 mm long; pedicelled spikelet much reduced and A. huillensis with more than 2 racemes, sessile spikelet 4 7 mm; pedicelled spikelet present; marshy places, generally in wet, acid soil such as Lake Kaulime (Lemon 1964). Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe; Angola and South Africa; northwards to E. Africa; also Madagascar. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Andropogon gayanus Kunth blue grass Perennial, tufted, tall up to 2.5 m high; raceme internodes and pedicels swollen upwards, cuneate; lower glume of sessile spikelet more or less flattened, with shallow median groove, keels lateral; in xerophytic grasslands on dolerite, sandy, or clayey soils, deciduous bush land and wooded grassland, and in fallow lands and along roadsides. Throughout tropical and southern Africa. Zambia. Nyika National Park, Kaperekezi Gate, 2000, Phiri 3838 (UZL). Andropogon laxatus Stapf Perennial, tufted, up to 0.9 m high; racemes usually paired, plumose, internodes and pedicels filiform; pedicelled spikelet reduced to suppressed; sessile spikelet 4 5 mm long; see note under A. eucomus for affiliations; in marshy places. South Africa northwards to E. Africa and Ethiopia, and westwards to Cameroon and W. Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Andropogon schirensis A.Rich. Andropogon schirensis A.Rich. var. angustifolius Stapf Shire bluestem, stab grass Perennial, tufted, erect, up to 2.5 m, older leaves often reddish, raceme internodes and pedicels clavate, not swollen, back of lower glume of sessile spikelet deeply depressed, keels dorsal and almost meeting; widespread African grass often showing much variation especially in plant and spikelet 338 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

95 Aira caryophyllea Del. Derek Erasmus Agrostis producta Del. Derek Erasmus Aristida junciformis subsp. welwitschii Del. Wilma Roux 6 mm Andropogon schirensis Alloteropsis semialata subsp. eckloniana Del. Wilma Roux Plants of the Nyika Plateau 339

96 Arthraxon micans Bewsia biflora Del. Wilma Roux Brachiaria brizantha 2,5 mm 2 mm 2 mm Brachypodium flexum Del. Charmaine Bartman Brachyachne fulva 340 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

97 POACEAE size, leaf width, and hairiness of racemes; grassland and open woodland, sometimes invading wet dambo verges, often dominant grass in association with Loudetia simplex and Exotheca abyssinica in montane or short grassland, also often a dominant perennial grass in miombo woodland; grazed by hartebeest, reedbuck, and zebra. Southern Africa and tropical Africa to Ethiopia. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Phiri 3532 (UZL), 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Thazima Gate, 2000, Phiri 3635 (UZL); Chisanga Falls slope, 2000, Mwanyambo 488 (MAL); near Chisanga Falls, 2000 Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); near Dembo Bridge, 2000, Kasakula 218 (MAL?). Zambia. Nyika, 1961, Vesey-Fitzgerald 2979 (PRE); Rest House area, 2000, Phiri 3768 (UZL); western part of Nyika Park, 2000, Phiri 3952 (UZL). Andropogon textilis Welw. ex Rendle Andropogon roseus Napper Perennial, erect, up to 1.65 m high, branched above, tinged dark red; ligule acute; racemes solitary; silvery hairy; internodes and pedicels clavate; sessile and pedicelled spikelets more or less same size; grassland and Brachystegia woodland. Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika, 1952, Jackson 858 (K). Aristida junciformis Trin. & Rupr. subsp. welwitschii (Rendle) Melderis Gongoni three-awn Perennial, up to 1.4 m high; internode of culm more or less equal, lemma articulation absent, twisted column mm long, awns 15 long, subequal; on sandy, black clayey, and serpentine soils, usually in wet areas in grassland, around marshes, on edges of dambos, and termite mounds. Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Angola. A very variable species consisting of several subspecies; both subsp. macilenta and subsp. welwitschii are recorded for the Flora zambesiaca region, but only subsp. macilenta is recorded for Malawi in Flora zambesiaca (1971). Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Runyina River, 2000, Phiri 3816 (UZL); [subspecies unknown] W. foot of Nganda, 1972, Synge 364 (K, MAL, SRGH). Aristida recta Franch. Perennial, tufted, dense fibrous base, spikelets small, purple or brown, lemma mm long, with a short beak, no articulation, awns 5 8 mm long; usually on damp ground in dambos, sometimes on exposed ridges, also in seepage areas in acid mountain grassland. South Africa, Swaziland, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, Uganda, and D.R.C., to W. Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Aristida textilis Mez Perennial, densely tufted; culms much-branched in their lower part; numerous long leaves; panicle somewhat contracted; spikelets purple or greenish tinged purple, lemma 5 mm long, articulation absent, column 1 5 mm long; on red sandy loam, mainly in Brachystegia woodland, also in shady crevices of rocky hills and in grassland. Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst. Slender annual, usually with trailing culms; raceme internodes hairs long 1 2(3) mm at summit; pedicelled spikelet usually developed, at least in upper parts of raceme; rock exposures and steep banks. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe to Tanzania, Mali, and Ethiopia; also in Saudi Arabia, India, China, and Indonesia. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Arthraxon micans (Nees) Hochst. Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb) Makino in Blumea 27 (1) 1981 by P.C. Welzen; Arthraxon quartinianus (A.Rich.) Nash Slender annual, trailing; raceme internode hairs sparse and seldom over 0.5 mm long; pedicelled spikelet absent, pedicel reduced to subulate point; in open Brachystegia woodland, in shady glades and path sides in wooded grassland and upland evergreen forests, along river banks, in shady rock crevices. Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia; tropical Africa, extending through India and Sri Lanka; introduced to central America and the Caribbean. Malawi. Nyika National Park, 1970, Brummitt (PRE); Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo, 1972, Williamson 2173a (K). Bewsia biflora (Hack.) Gooss. Diplachne biflora Hack. false love grass; matimbenizge Perennial, tufted; spikelet 3 4 florets, mm long, oblong, reddish brown, lemma with straight, dorsal awn 1 8 mm long; short grassland, usually in open woodland, on sandy soils and Kalahari sand; also on hillsides and in submontane grassland; 300 1,830 m. Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe; South Africa northwards to Tanzania; also Ivory Coast. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 36 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau foothills, 1,830 m, 1968, Simon & Williamson 1773 (BM, K, SRGH); Jalawe Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Brachiaria bovonei (Chiov.) Robyns Brachiaria viridula Stapf Perennial, densely tufted, m high; raceme rachis triquetrous, margins ciliate, spikelets borne singly, 3 4 ( 4.5) mm long; damp soils in dambos and by water; 1,000 1,800. Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, and South Africa; also D.R.C. and Kenya. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 66 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Salubeni 374 (K); between Dam #2 and Chelinda River Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE). Brachiaria brizantha (A.Rich.) Stapf Brachiaria brizantha (A.Rich.) Stapf var. angustifolia Stent & Rattray palisade grass, common signal grass Perennial, tufted, m high; usually erect; raceme rachis crescentic in section; spikelets 4 6 mm; closely related to and intergrades with another pasture grass, the E. African B. decumbens; in savanna woodland and grassland, also commonly grown as a pasture grass. Southern Africa and tropical Africa; introduced elsewhere. Malawi. Nyika National Park, E. of Thazima Gate, 2000, Phiri 3624 (UZL); Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL); Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL). Brachiaria scalaris Pilg. Annual, mm high, decumbent or ascending; raceme rachis triquetrous; spikelets mm long; along roadsides and in weedy places; 500 1,500 m. Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi to D.R.C. and Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 75 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Jalawe Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Brachyachne fulva Stapf Brachyachne fibrosa C.E.Hubb Perennial, tufted, erect or geniculate; basal sheaths persistent, splitting into a cushion of densely pilose fibres; racemes (2)3 5(7); spikelet 1-flowered, mm long; in montane grassland, usually amongst rocks or on rocky slopes, in thin soil on flat bare rock, or shallow soil overlying laterite, also in sandy dambos; 1,000 2,130 m. Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 242 (1999). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 2,130 m, 1959, Robinson 3081 (BM, K). Brachypodium flexum Nees Variable perennial, straggling, often rooting from the nodes, up to 1 m high; racemes usually pendulous with 3 9 spikelets; spikelet 7 to manyflowered, mm long, lemma awned, awn mm long; in open forests, along forest margins, and in moist shady localities such as streamsides Plants of the Nyika Plateau 341

98 POACEAE and river-banks, often rambling over bushes. South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, and the Sudan. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 63 (1971). Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 2,130 m, 1959, Robinson 3003 (K, SRGH). Coelachne africana Pilg. Perennial, mat-forming, creeping base and rooting at nodes; spikelet 2- flowered, both fertile, florets separated by slender internode; lower lemma glabrous except at base, upper lemma pubescent; upland bogs, stream banks, and bordering waterfalls, often in association with Sphagnum; 1,300 1,800 m. Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, and northwards to Uganda and Ethiopia; also in Madagascar. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 195 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Nchena Chena stream, 1949, Wiehe N/198 (K). Ctenium somalense (Chiov.) Chiov. Perennial, tufted, up to 1 m high; basal sheaths splitting up into a dense mat of fibres, solitary secund raceme; spikelets several-flowered, lower 2 barren, 3 rd fertile, rest reduced; fertile lemma awned, awn mm long; rocky hillsides and in sandy plateau grasslands. Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, D.R.C. to Sudan; also in Madagascar. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 228 (1999). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Manyenjere Forest, 2000, Phiri 4030 (UZL). Digitaria diagonalis (Nees) Stapf Digitaria uniglumis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Stapf brown seed finger grass; katsici Perennial, densely tufted, up 1.2 m high; base surrounded by densely hairy cataphylls and fibrous leaf sheaths; racemes 10 30; spikelets dark brown; miombo woodland, (degraded) savanna, mountain grassland where often much taller than surrounding grasses, marshes, and wet rocky outcrops. Southern Africa and tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 141 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 2,250 m, 1961, Robinson 4475 (BM, K, PRE, SRGH); Chelinda Dam, 2000, Chapama 194 (FRIM); Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Phiri 3529 (UZL); 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); 2000, Mwanyambo 480 (MAL); 2000, Kasakula 201 (MAL); Dembo River Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL); road above Chelinda Hill, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1968, Williamson 928 (SRGH); Rest House area, 2000, Phiri 3751 (UZL). Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Pers. Digitaria friesii Pilg. false couch finger grass Annual or short-lived perennial, sometimes with a short rhizome, or matforming with creeping runners, rooting at nodes; racemes (1)2(4); spikelets (1.2) (2.2) mm long; disturbed or open sites in miombo woodland, fallow land, and roadsides. Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, and South Africa. Widespread in the Old World tropics. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 166 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Parks, road near Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook 10741B (PRE, MAL). Digitaria maitlandii Stapf Digitaria apiculata Stent var. hirta P.Goetghebeur Perennial, base with cataphylls and leaf sheath remnants; racemes 3 8, paired or solitary along short axis; spikelets mm; upper lemma dark red brown; in montane grassland. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Burundi, D.R.C., Tanzania, and Kenya. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 146 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Lake Kaulime, 1959, Robinson 3049 (BM, PRE, SRGH); between Chelinda Hill and Kasaramba Road; 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). Digitaria nitens Rendle Digitaria meliniodes Mez; Digitaria stolzii Mez 342 Plants of the Nyika Plateau Perennial, mm; base bulbously thickened with woolly cataphylls and remnant leaf sheaths; spikelets (2.5) (4.1); upper lemma pale yellowish green; close to D. flaccida of South Africa; miombo woodland, often degraded, rocky outcrops, and dambos. Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, D.R.C., Tanzania, and Angola. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 150 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, without locality, 1,600 m, 1977, Pawek (SRGH). Digitaria pearsonii Stapf Digitaria lancifolia Henrard Perennial, loosely tufted, some cataphylls present; racemes 7 20, along welldeveloped axis; spikelets mm long; upper lemma pale yellow to brown sometimes dark brown or tinged purple; easily confused with annual D. velutina; in woodland clearings and forest edges. Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Angola, D.R.C., Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Digitaria ternata (A.Rich.) Stapf black-seed finger grass Annual; racemes 2 5 on short axis; spikelets mm long; upper lemma pale to dark brown; weed of arable land, disturbed sites. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, also S. and tropical Africa, extending eastwards to China and Indonesia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 142 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1,800 m, 1978, Pawek 14056a (SRGH); on road to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook 10741A (PRE, MAL); roadside at start of footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH); Juniper Forest hut, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1972, Williamson 2170 (SRGH). Diheteropogon amplectens (Nees) Clayton var. catangensis (Chiov.) Clayton Perennial, rhizomatous, tufted, up to 3 m high, erect, often flushed purple; basal leaves narrowly cordate, upper leaves broadly cordate, both tapering into a filiform tip; inflorescence paired racemes gathered into a scanty spathate false panicle; racemes not deflexed; sessile spikelet smaller than pedicelled, callus pungent, deeply inserted into hollow top of internode; secondary forests, grassland, and savanna; sandy and clay soils. Southern Africa, D.R.C., Angola, and Senegal. Source. F.T.E.A. Gramineae (3): 784 (1982) Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); near Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL). Echinochloa jubata Stapf Annual; racemes with spikelets densely packed, usually congested into a head; spikelets narrowly elliptic, mm long; on lake and river margins; 0 1,500 m. Southern Africa region to D.R.C. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 57 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Mwenembwe, 1903, McClounie 20 (K). Ehrharta erecta Lam. var. abyssinica (Hochst.) Pilg. Perennial, straggling, up to 1 m high; panicle narrow; spikelet 5 7 mm long, pilose to almost glabrous, tuft of hairs at base of sterile lemma; in forest openings and forest margins. Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, through E. Africa to Ethiopia, with isolated records from Yemen and India. Malawi. Nyika National Park, forest patch near Chelinda River Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL); Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. subsp. africana (Kennedy-O Bryne) Hilu & De Wet goose grass, finger millet; kangodza Annual, robust, often branching at nodes; inflorescence digitate to subdigitate; spikelets several flowered, mm long; disturbed areas

99 Coelachne africana Del. Eleanor Catherine Ctenium somalense Del. Derek Erasmus Digitaria diagonalis Del. Wilma Roux 4 mm Diheteropogon amplectens var. catangensis Del. Wilma Roux Echinochloa jubata Plants of the Nyika Plateau 343

100 Elionurus muticus Del. Clare Smith Eleusine coracana subsp. africana Del. Cythna Letty Eragrostis capensis Del. Clare Smith Eriochrysis pallida Del. Cythna Letty Ehrharta erecta var. abyssinica Del. Eleanor Catherine Eragrostis exelliana Del. Victoria Goaman 344 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

101 POACEAE such as roadsides, and often a weed in crops. Mainly in the uplands of eastern and southern Africa and in Arabia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 158 (1999). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Thazima Gate, 2000, Phiri 3642 (UZL). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Gamba School, 2000, Phiri 3835 (UZL); western part of Nyika National Park, 2000, Phiri 3979 (UZL). Elionurus muticus (Spreng.) Kuntze Elyonurus argenteus Nees wire grass, sour grass Perennial, densely tufted; raceme silvery to grey or purple; sessile spikelet lower glume entire or divided into 2 teeth up to 7 mm long; in open bush land on dry stony soils, and in montane grasslands, conspicuous 6 8 weeks after burning. Southern and tropical Africa, as well as Yemen; also in tropical and subtropical America. A variable species. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, path from Rest House to waterfall on N. Rukuru River, 2,000 m, 1958, Robson & Angus 456 (PRE). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1962, Verboom 751 (PRE). Eragrostis botryodes Clayton Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Steud. var. congesta Robyns & Tournay Perennial, tufted, up to 0.9 m; panicle with spikelets densely clustered along distal half of branches, primary branches not whorled; spikelets 3 7(12) x mm, very dark green, glabrous; florets disarticulating from below upwards, rhachilla persistent; dambos, swampy river-banks, and watershed grassland. Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and through eastern tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 111 (1999). Malawi. Nyika National Park, N. Rukuru River Bridge near turnoff to Domwe Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL). Eragrostis canescens C.E.Hubb Perennial, densely tufted; panicle branches and branchlets stiff and straight, pedicels flexuous, primary branches not whorled, ending in slender bristle; spikelet leaden grey, not compressed, 2 9 x mm, lemmas usually densely hairy; montane grassland; 1,400 2,440 m. Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Source. Patel, 1999; Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 64 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, plateau rim, 2,340 m, 1946, Brass (K, holo.); Kasaramba road, 1975, Pawek 9980 (K, SRGH). Eragrostis caniflora Rendle Perennial, densely tufted; panicle open, branches not whorled, terminating in fertile spikelet, pedicels filiform, glandular ring below spikelet; spikelet dark brownish red, 2 5 x mm, rhachilla fragile, lemma pilose with tubercle-based hairs; dambo grasslands, seasonally flooded stream banks and lake margins, and in montane grassland; 1,610 2,430 m. Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 86 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chelinda Bridge road, 2,290 m, 1968, Simon, Williamson & Ball 1681 (BM, K, SRGH). Eragrostis capensis (Thunb.) Trin Eragrostis brizoides (L.f.) Nees; Eragrostis pseudopoa sensu Simon heart-seed love grass Perennial, tufted; panicle open and spreading or contracted, primary branches not whorled; spikelets plump, brownish green suffused with purple, x 3 7 mm; florets disarticulating from base upwards, rhachilla persistent; dambos, swampy grassland, and wooded grassland, in montane and coastal localities, in sandy or peaty soils; 0 2,290 m. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Angola, Kenya, Tanzania, D.R.C.; also in Madagascar and Thailand. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 121 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1,830 m, 1959, Robinson 3101 (BM, K); Dembo River bridge, 2000, Kasakula 232 (MAL); 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL). Eragrostis castellanea Buscal. & Muschl. Perennial, up to 1.5 m high, panicle loose or dense, spikelet mm, 4 9-flowered, florets disarticulating from the apex downwards, rhachilla fragile; palea ciliate with tubercle-based hairs mm long; in dambo and riverine grassland, in long grass beside pans, in sandy and alluvial soils, and in disturbed ground at roadsides and in old cultivated lands. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest, 2000, Chikuni 500 (MAL); Chisanga Falls slope, 2000, Mwanyambo 492 (MAL). Eragrostis congesta Oliv. Perennial, tufted; panicle linear with spikelets in globular or ovoid clusters, these distant along the central axis, often uppermost confluent and lowermost branched; spikelets grey-green sometimes flushed with purple, 3 10 x mm, glabrous, disarticulating from below upwards, rhachilla fragile; in dambos, wooded grasslands, and miombo woodland, in sandy soils, often in disturbed ground at roadsides and in old cultivations; 765 1,550 m. Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; also in E. Africa and D.R.C. Source. Mill (1979); Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 121 (1999). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Dam, 2000, Chapama 191 (FRIM); near Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH); between Dam #2 and Chelinda River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 2000, Phiri 3515 (UZL); W. of Chowo Forest, 2000, Phiri 3917 (UZL). Eragrostis exasperata Peter Annual, loosely tufted, up to 0.9 m high; panicle much-branched, primary branches not whorled, pedicels long, fine; spikelet yellowish green tinged with purple or leaden grey, glabrous, 3 9 x mm, florets disarticulating from below upwards, rhachilla persistent; in dambo grassland, often in standing water, moist or swampy ground beside streams; 1,300 1,750 m. Malawi, Zambia, Uganda, Kenya, D.R.C., Rwanda, and Burundi. Often mistaken for the perennial E. paniciformis. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 100 (1999). Malawi. Nyika National Park, road near Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL). Eragrostis exelliana Launert Annual, weak, straggling, usually decumbent; often mat-forming, up to 200(350) mm high spikelets clustered about short, stiff primary branches on stout pedicels, branches not whorled; spikelet x mm, dark olive-green sometimes flushed purple, compressed, florets disarticulating from below upwards, rhachilla persistent; montane areas, in peaty grassland and forest clearings, and forming mats over exposed rocks; 1,800 2,600 m. Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 113 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Lake Kaulime, 2000, Phiri 3725 (UZL); Mpopoti, 2000, Mwanyambo 554 (MAL); Dembo Bridge, 2000, Kasakula 230 (MAL); near Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Chelinda River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 2,290 m, 1972, Williamson 2171 (K, SRGH); Rest House area, 2000, Phiri 3744 (UZL); without locality, 1961, Robinson 4525 (K holo., BM, SRGH). Eragrostis hispida K.Schum. Eragrostis blepharolepis Hack. Perennial, densely tufted; panicle branches stiff and straight, spikelets clustered at tips of branches, but usually terminating in a naked bristle, primary branches not whorled, spikelet dark green, pubescent to pilose, rarely glabrous, hairs grey, x 3.5 4; florets disarticulating from apex downwards, rhachilla fragile; usually on granitic outcrops, in spongy or damp shallow soils over rocks, and in wet sandy soils at the base of rocky outcrops; also in waterlogged soils in dambos, marshes, or on river-banks. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Angola; also in Sudan. Source. Mill (1979); Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 63 (1999). Malawi. Nyika National Park, 25 km from Thazima Gate, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Chelinda River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Eragrostis mollior Pilg. ex R.E.Fr. Eragrostis longipaniculata De Wild. Perennial, densely tufted, up to 1.2 m high; basal sheaths densely woolly- Plants of the Nyika Plateau 345

102 POACEAE tomentose, disintegrating into persistent fibres; panicle linear to lanceolate, diffuse or contracted, primary branches not or scarcely whorled, usually ending in a bristle; spikelet olive-green, 2 4 x 2 2.5; florets disarticulating from apex downwards, rhachilla fragile; montane grassland, grassland of high-rainfall areas, in open woodland, and disturbed places; 220 2,140 m. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Tanzania, and D.R.C. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 62 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chisanga Falls, 1,980 m, 1968, Simon, Williamson & Ball 1799 (BM, K, SRGH); on road at start of footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Juniper Forest hut, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, LMA). Eragrostis olivacea K.Schum. Perennial, densely tufted, up to 0.9 m high; panicle branches stiff and straight, pedicels filiform, spikelets evenly distributed, primary branches not whorled, ending in a slender bristle or abortive spikelet; spikelet x ca 1.5 mm; dark green to leaden grey, pilose, florets disarticulating from apex downwards, rhachilla fragile, palea hairs mm long; in dambos and submontane grasslands; 1,450 1,800 m. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia; E. Africa, and D.R.C. Similar to E. canescens, but E. olivacea has scaberulous palea. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 63 (1999). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Rest House area, 2000, Phiri 3771 (UZL). Eragrostis paradoxa Launert Perennial, tufted, up to 400 mm high; basal leaf sheaths decaying into a cushion of persistent fibres; panicle and pedicels very slender, straight and widely divaricate; spikelet x 3 5 mm, greyish green, glabrous; florets disarticulating from below upwards, rhachilla persistent; rocky outcrops, riverine fringes, and montane grassland, in water slicks and wet hollows amongst rocks, and in wet dambos; 1,220 2,480 m. Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe; known only from the Flora zambesiaca region. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 61 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 2,180 m, 1978, Pawek (K, SRGH); Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Chelinda River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 2,290 m, 1961, Vesey-Fitzgerald 2992 (BM, SRGH). Eragrostis racemosa (Thunb.) Steud. Eragrostis chalantha Trin; Eragrostis lasiophylla K.Schum narrow heart love grass Perennial, tufted, up to 0.9 m high; panicle open or more or less contracted, branches stiff; spikelet olive- to dark green, glabrous, 3 10 x mm, lemmas disarticulating from below upwards, rhachilla and palea persistent; widespread, in sandveld and in dambos, in plateau and montane grassland and woodlands, in sandy and red doleritic soils, on rocky outcrops and hillsides, and in shallow soils over rocks; also in disturbed ground at roadsides and in old cultivation; 60 2,380 m. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; also in D.R.C., Sudan, Madagascar, and Arabia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 124 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1,730 m, 1978, Pawek (K, SRGH); Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Phiri 3534 (UZL); 2000, Smook 10723, (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Thazima Gate, 2000, Izidine 35 (LMA); Chisanga Falls slope, 2000, Mwanyambo 489 (MAL); start of footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL); Sangule Rock area, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1962, Verboom 719 (K); Rest House area, 2000, Phiri 3743 (UZL). Eragrostis schweinfurthii Chiov. Annual or short-lived perennial, up to 500 mm, erect or geniculate, wiry and rooting at nodes; panicle branches stiffly spreading; spikelet 4 10 x mm, olive to dark green, lemmas breaking up from below upwards, rhachilla and paleas persistent; similar and can be confused with the more widespread perennial E. racemosa; shallow soils, rock outcrops, roadsides, and weedy places, commonly in upland evergreen forests; 1,300 3,000 m. Recorded so far in E. Africa, Ethiopia, and D.R.C.; also in Sri Lanka. This is the first record for Flora zambesiaca area and, therefore, Malawi. 346 Plants of the Nyika Plateau Source. F.T.E.A. Gramineae (2): 231 (1974); specimens determined at Kew by T. Cope. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Chelinda Camp, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, K); at Kasaramba turnoff, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA, K). Eragrostis tenuifolia (A.Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. Perennial, tufted, up to 700 mm high, basal sheaths strongly compressed; panicle loose and open, primary branches not whorled, spikelets evenly distributed; spikelet dark green, 4 6 x mm, glabrous, lemmas disarticulating from below upwards, rhachilla and paleas persistent; in dambo grassland, riverine vegetation, and in Acacia veld on black clay soil; also in disturbed and cultivated ground; 850 2,300 m. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, eastern South Africa, and throughout tropical Africa; also in tropical Arabia, Madagascar, India, New Guinea, Australia, and S. America. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 82 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 15 km S.E. of Chisanga Falls, 1,980 m, 1968, Simon, Williamson & Ball 1791 (BM, K, MAL, SRGH); on road at start of footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE); Juniper Forest area, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Eragrostis volkensii Pilg. Perennial straggling, slender, wiry culms, up to 1.2 m, erect, procumbent or scandent; leaves all cauline, reflexed, panicle open, primary branches not in whorls; spikelets x mm, dark olive-green, glabrous; florets disarticulating from below upwards, rhachilla persistent; in montane and dambo grasslands, also swampy grassland next to rivers; 920 2,135 m, common on roadsides or occasionally on rocky areas. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe to South Africa; also in tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 115 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1949, Wiehe 207 (K, MAL); Chelinda Camp, 2000, Mwanyambo 562 (MAL); Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL); Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Thera 3029 (MAL); Chelinda River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1962, Verboom 709 (K). Eriochrysis pallida Munro Perennial, up 0.9 m high; sessile spikelet mm long; callus hairs tawny and longer than spikelet; swampy places; 1,200 1,800 m. South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, and Tanzania. Source. F.T.E.A. Gramineae (3): 706 (1982). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dam #2 near Chelinda Camp, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Eriochrysis purpurata (Rendle) Stapf Perennial, forming dense tussocks, up to 600 mm; sessile spikelet 5 7 mm long, callus hairs tawny and shorter than spikelet; wet hollows and swampy places; 1,500 2,340 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999); Lake Kaulime, 1970, Brummitt (K). Eulalia villosa (Thunb.) Nees Perennial, tufted, racemes, terminal, 1 20 subdigitate, conspicuously hairy, hairs white or purple, internodes and pedicels linear; paired spikelets alike; wet grassland, montane grasslands or, if below 1,600 m, in deciduous woodlands or swamp edges. Southern and E. Africa; also in Madagascar and India. Source. F.T.E.A. Gramineae (3): 711 (1982) Malawi. Nyika Plateau, circular route near Nganda, 1968, Simon, Williamson & Ball 1759 (PRE); Runyina River Road, 2000, Phiri 3783 (UZL). Exotheca abyssinica (A.Rich.) Andersson unicorn grass Perennial, densely tufted, up to 2 m high; sessile spikelet terete, mm long (including callus) callus pungent, upper lemma awn stout, 6 10 mm long; upland grassland and moorland; dominant in the montane grasslands of the Nyika (Lemon 1964), often co-dominant with Andropogon schirensis

103 Eulalia villosa Del. Wilma Roux Exotheca abyssinica 10 mm Helictotrichon elongatum Del. Derek Erasmus Festuca engleri Plants of the Nyika Plateau 347

104 POACEAE and Monocymbium ceresiiforme. Malawi and Zambia to E. Africa, Ethiopia, and Sudan; also in Vietnam. Source. Mill (1979); F.T.E.A. Gramineae (3): 711 (1982). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Phiri 3528 (UZL); 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Rest House area, 2000, Phiri 3731 (UZL). Festuca abyssinica A.Rich. Festuca schimperana A.Rich. Variable perennial, up to 0.8 m high; geniculate, straggling rarely erect; panicle dense often spike-like; spikelet (12) mm long; 2- to 6-flowered, lemma awned, awn up to 5 mm long; in mountain grassland, in moist and often peaty soils; commonly growing with Exotheca (Lemon 1964). Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe to Cameroon, Ethiopia, and E. Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 55 (1971). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda, 1967, Salubeni 733 (BM, SRGH); near Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). Festuca africana (Hack) Clayton Pseudobromus silvaticus K.Schum. Perennial, short knotty rhizome, up to 1.25 m high; panicle lax, open; spikelet 7 10 mm, 1-flowered with rhachilla extension; awned, awn (8) 14 long; in evergreen forest in light shade, on stream banks in forest, and on forest floors. South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, E. Africa, and Sudan. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 52 (1971). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 3.2 km S.W. of Rest House, 1958, Robson 199 (BM, K, LISC). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Forest, 1968, Williamson 1011 (BM, K, LISC); Manyenjere Forest, 2000, Phiri 3909 and 4049 (UZL). Festuca caprina Nees Perennial, densely tufted, up to 1 m high; lower leaf sheaths persistent, splitting into brown fibres; panicle open, spikelet mm long, lemma awned, awn 1 3 mm long; in montane grassland above 1,800 m, often in valley bottoms near streams. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 57 (1971). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1949, Hawksworth GHS (K, SRGH). Festuca costata Nees Festuca milanjiana Rendle tussock fescue Perennial, densely tufted, up to 1.5 m high, basal leaf sheaths splitting into coarse fibres; panicle open; spikelet 10 long, lemma acute or minutely awned; montane grassland sometimes in forest clearings. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, northwards to eastern Africa. Not recorded from Malawi (N) in Flora zambesiaca (1971) and this record should therefore be regarded with some caution. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 55 (1971). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Festuca engleri Pilg. Pseudobromus engleri (Pilg.) Clayton; Pseudobromus brassii C.E.Hubb. [Type: Nyika Plateau, Brass (K, holo.; SRGH, iso.)]. false brome grass Perennial, tufted, up to 1.8 m high; spikelet 8 12 mm long, lemma awn mm; in openings of montane forests, often along forest streams. Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 52 (1971). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); at river at Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE). Helictotrichon elongatum (A.Rich.) C.E.Hubb chamasala Perennial, tufted, up to 1.5 m high, erect or geniculate; lower leaf sheaths 348 Plants of the Nyika Plateau persistent often tinged with brown; panicle usually loose and open; spikelets 8 14 mm long, green to purplish, lemma central awn up to long, geniculate, twisted beneath bend; in damp places in open woodland and mountain grassland, often along streams or in drainage channels, or on river-banks. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, to E. Africa, Ethiopia, Sudan, Cameroons, and D.R.C.; also Madagascar. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 79 (1971). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Lake Kaulime, 2,150 m, 1958, Robson 334 (BM, K, LISC, PRE, SRGH); Thazima Road, 2000, Phiri 3610 (UZL); circular road Chelinda Camp to Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL); Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH); between Chelinda Hill and Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE). Helictotrichon milanjianum (Rendle) C.E.Hubb Perennial, rhizomatous, up to 1.25 m high; lower leaf sheath persistent, golden brown; spikelet mm long, green, lemma awn up to 22 mm long, geniculate, but not twisted much; in moist places in mountain forests, damp kloofs, and in bamboo thickets. Throughout E. tropical Africa from Ethiopia to Uganda and extending into D.R.C. and Malawi. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Heteropholis sulcata (Stapf) C.E.Hubb Perennial, short scaly rhizome, up to 1.2 m high; inflorescence single axillary raceme, internodes thickened, clavate; sessile spikelet more or less embedded in internode; sessile spikelet strongly areolate on back; in wooded grassland and miombo woodland. Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, and D.R.C. Zambia. Nyika National Park, near Kaperekezi Gate, 2000, Phiri 3837 (UZL). Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem. & Schult. spear grass, tanglehead; nsanu, sucho, nyuni Perennial, tufted, up to 1 m high, erect, basal sheaths laterally compressed; racemes solitary or aggregated into a false panicle, homogamous spikelets in lower quarter to two-thirds; awns forming a twisted spire; callus pungent; a very variable species; deciduous bush land and wooded grassland; often the dominant species in open grassy places on dry soils. Widespread in the tropical and warm temperate regions of Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Homozeugos eylesii C.E.Hubb Perennial, tufted, up to 2 m high; 1 4 racemes, digitate, white villous; internodes and pedicels linear; paired, alike spikelets on fragile rachis; in Brachystegia wooded grassland. Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Hyparrhenia anamesa Clayton Perennial, densely tufted, up to 1.2 m high, inflorescence of paired, short racemes subtended by spatheole, crowded together in leafy false panicle, racemes white villous, not deflexed, raceme-bases unequal; 4 6(7) awns per raceme pair, awn pubescent with hairs mm long; in dry soils and open places. South Africa to Ethiopia and Sudan. Source. Clayton (1969). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Jackson 525 (K). Hyparrhenia cymbaria (L.) Stapf boat thatching grass Perennial, initially slender and rambling becoming erect and robust, with stilt roots; inflorescence of paired, short racemes subtended by spatheole, crowded together in leafy false panicle; spatheole boat-shaped, bright russet red at maturity, racemes deflexed, bases subequal, 3 5(6) awns per raceme pair; wooded grassland and on open hillsides bordering upland evergreen forests. South Africa to Eritrea and Cameroon; also in Madagascar and the Comores. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); Runyina River, 2000, Phiri 3793 (UZL); Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL).

105 Homozeugos eylesii Heteropholis sulcata 8 mm 4 mm Hyparrhenia mobukensis Del. Mary Grierson Heteropogon contortus Del. Derek Erasmus Plants of the Nyika Plateau 349

106 POACEAE Hyparrhenia dregeana (Nees) Stent Perennial, robust, up to 2 m high; basal leaf sheaths silky pubescent below; inflorescence of paired, short racemes subtended by narrowly lanceolate spatheole, crowded together in leafy false panicle; raceme-bases subequal; awns per raceme pair; awns short; in upland grassland. Southern Africa to E. Africa, Ethiopia, and Sudan. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting (Mill 1979); Nganda Base Camp, 1997, Patel & Ludlow 5003 (K); near Domwe, 2000, Kasakula 250 (MAL); Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE); Chelinda River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE). Hyparrhenia filipendula (Hochst.) Stapf var. filipendula fine thatching grass Perennial, up to 2 m high; inflorescence of paired, short racemes subtended by linear spatheoles; racemes not deflexed, bases unequal; 2 4 awns per racemes pair; sessile spikelet glabrous. Tropical and South Africa, but mainly on the eastern side, Madagascar, eastwards through Sri Lanka to Australia. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Hyparrhenia formosa Stapf Perennial, robust, up to 2 m high, sometimes stilt roots present; inflorescence of paired, short racemes subtended by spatheole crowded together in leafy false panicle; russet or tinged with purple and red lanceolate spatheoles; racemes deflexed, bases subequal; 6 8 awns per raceme pair; similar to H. cymbaria and H. pilgeriana; in upland grassland and deciduous bush land, on streamsides. Malawi to Ethiopia and D.R.C.; also in Yemen. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Hyparrhenia mobukensis (Chiov.) Chiov. Perennial, slender, wiry, trailing; inflorescence of paired, short racemes subtended by linear spatheoles in a leafy scanty false panicle; rarely racemes single; racemes not deflexed, bases unequal; 7 15 awns per raceme pair, only species in the genus with glabrous awns; in short grassland. The mountains and highland plateaux of tropical Africa, including Nyika, Ruwenzoris, Mt. Elgon, Aberdares, and Mt. Kilimanjaro. Source. Clayton (1969). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, eastern side, 1959, Robinson 3080 (K); Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE); Chelinda River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chire River, 1968, Williamson 1028 (K). Hyparrhenia newtonii (Hack.) Stapf var. macra Stapf Perennial, densely tufted, up to 2.1 m high, erect; inflorescence of paired, short racemes subtended by narrowly lanceolate spatheoles crowded together in leafy false panicle; racemes deflexed, bases unequal; 2 4 awns per raceme pair; sessile spikelet pubescent to villous, pedicelled spikelet sometimes villous; in northern part of its range it occurs mainly on lithosols and stony hillsides; to the S. it is found mainly in dappled shade beneath Brachystegia woodland. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Angola, D.R.C., Rwanda, Uganda, and Tanzania. Source. Clayton (1969). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Jackson 531 (K); Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL); forest near Sangula Kopje, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Hyparrhenia newtonii (Hack.) Stapf var. newtonii Perennial, densely tufted, up to 2.1 m high, erect; inflorescence of paired, short racemes subtended by narrowly lanceolate spatheoles crowded together in leafy false panicle; racemes deflexed, bases unequal; 2 4 awns per raceme pair; sessile spikelet glabrous sometimes thinly pilose near apex, pedicelled spikelet glabrous; in northern part of its range it occurs mainly on lithosols and stony hillsides; to the S. it is found mainly in dappled shade beneath Brachystegia woodland. Widespread in tropical Africa; also in Madagascar, Thailand, and Indonesia. Source. Clayton (1969). Malawi. Nyika National Park, footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). 350 Plants of the Nyika Plateau Zambia. Western part of Nyika National Park, 2000, Phiri 3942 (UZL); Rest House area, 2000, Phiri 3769 (UZL). Hyparrhenia nyassae (Rendle) Stapf Nyassa hood grass Perennial, up to 2 m high; basal leaf sheaths usually woolly tomentose with white hairs; inflorescence of paired, short racemes subtended by linear, russet spatheoles crowded together in leafy false panicle; tardily and imperfectly deflexed, bases unequal; 8 13 awns per raceme pair; sessile spikelet densely yellow hairy; savanna woodland, particularly moist places and swamp edges; resembles H. rufa; may accompany Loudetia simplex in swamps. Southern Africa, tropical Africa from Cameroon to Sudan; also in Thailand and Vietnam Malawi. Nyika National Park, Rumphi Bridge, 1975, Pawek 9257 (K); Runyina River, 2000, Phiri 3806 (UZL); Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Hyparrhenia pilgeriana C.E.Hubb Perennial, laxly tufted, slender and rambling, inflorescence of paired, short racemes subtended by lanceolate spatheoles crowded together in leafy false panicle, panicle usually scanty; not or tardily deflexed, bases subequal to unequal; (4)6 7 awns per raceme pair; a species of seasonal swamps and forest margins; also of grassy hillsides and cultivated land, these perhaps being secondary habitats to which it extends when opportunity offers. South Africa to Ethiopia and Sudan. Source. Clayton (1969). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Jackson 529 (K); near Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH); 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf nyumbi, cipepati Perennial, sometimes annual; up to 2.5 m high; inflorescence of paired, short racemes subtended by linear-lanceolate spatheoles crowded together in leafy false panicle; not or rarely deflexed, bases unequal, sometimes more or less connate; (7)9 14 awns per raceme pair; sessile spikelet glabrous to pubescent, but usually scantily covered with rufous hairs; in deciduous bush land and wooded grassland, often preferring moist sites. Tropical and southern Africa and Madagascar; introduced into tropical America and Australia. A variable species with specimens verging towards H. poecilotricha and H. dichroa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Hyparrhenia schimperi (A.Rich.) Stapf Perennial, robust, up to 4 m high; inflorescence of paired short racemes subtended by lanceolate, russet-brown spatheoles crowded together in leafy false panicle; at length deflexed, bases subequal; 6 8 awns per raceme pair; in open, often moist places in savanna grasslands. Southern Africa to Ethiopia; also in Madagascar. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); Dembo Bridge, 1975, Pawek 9302 (K). Hyparrhenia variabilis Stapf Perennial, with hard cataphylls, up to 3 m high, inflorescence of paired short racemes, subtended by boat-shaped, russet red tinged yellow and green spatheole crowded together in leafy false panicle; racemes deflexed, bases subequal; 5 awns per raceme pair; deciduous bush land and wooded grassland, margins of upland evergreen forests. Southern Africa to E. Africa; also in Madagascar, Comoros, and Java. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Hyparrhenia welwitschii (Rendle) Stapf Annual, up to 3 m high, often stilt roots present; inflorescence of paired, short racemes subtended by narrowly lanceolate spatheole crowed together in leafy false panicle; racemes deflexed, bases subequal; sessile spikelet with white hairs; 3 awns per raceme pair; light to deep shade in wooded grassland such as Brachystegia wooded grassland in soils with adequate mois-

107 Isachne mauritiana Hyparrhenia dregeana Del. Eleanore Catherine 2 mm Imperata cylindrica Del. Clare Smith Leersia hexandra Del. Clare Smith Koeleria capensis Del. Derek Erasmus Plants of the Nyika Plateau 351

108 Leptocarydion vulpiastrum Del. Wilma Roux Loudetia simplex Del. Wilma Roux Melinis ambigua subsp. ambigua Del. Margaret Tebbs Melinis nerviglumis Merxmuellera davyi Del. Derek Erasmus 2 mm 352 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

109 POACEAE ture, occasionally in light sandy soils. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe; W. tropical Africa from Guinea to Angola and northwards to Sudan; also on the Comores. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1997). Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. cotton grass, cottonwool grass, silver spike; namsongole Perennial, rhizomatous, erect, up to1.2 m high; stiff leaf blades, erect with purple margins and sharp points; inflorescence a silky, white spiciform panicle; spikelet alike, paired; an aggressive weed of disturbed and cultivated places, flowering soon after burning, common at various altitudes. Throughout the Old World tropics, extending to the Mediterranean and Middle East; also in Chile. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 6 miles S.W. of Rest House, 1958, Robson 364 (PRE). Isachne angolensis Rendle Chirinda grass Perennial, rambling, base prostrate; inflorescence a panicle; spikelet mm long, elliptic, usually 2-flowered, florets bisexual; marshy places in forests; 600 2,300 m. Malawi and Zambia; also western Africa from Angola to Nigeria. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Sawi Valley, 1972, Synge 461 (K, MAL). Isachne mauritiana Kunth Isachne aethiopica Stapf & C.E.Hubb. Perennial, rambling, base prostrate; inflorescence a panicle; spikelet mm long, obovoid; usually 2-flowered, florets bisexual; forest shade; 1,000 2,000 m. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, northwards to Kenya and Ghana; also in Mauritius and Madagascar. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 193 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, submontane forest, without locality or collecting details (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1962, Verboom 713 (K); Manyenjere Forest, 2000, Phiri 3905 (UZL); Chowo Forest, 2000, Phiri 4003 (UZL). Koeleria capensis (Steud.) Nees Koeleria cristata sensu A.Rich. June grass Perennial, very variable, up to 0.9 m high; panicle more or less condensed, spike-like; spikelets 4 7 mm long, 2- to 5-flowered; in open high-altitude grassland, on acid humic soil, often on rocks and steep slopes, or depressions of moist ground, often dominant. Southern Africa to E. Africa, Ethiopia, and Cameroon. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 71 (1971). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1949, Hawksworth in GHS (K, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1968, Williamson 1015 (BM, K). Leersia hexandra Sw. rice grass; likakadzi, nakache Perennial, rhizomatous, erect, but often decumbent; up to 1 m high; panicle open; spikelet mm long; strongly laterally compressed; falling entire from pedicel, 1-flowered, conspicuous cilia, mm on keels; grows in a large variety of moist habitats, in shallow water, often forming extensive mats on floodplains and in swamps. A pantropical grass. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Leptocarydion vulpiastrum (De Not) Stapf spade grass; kalingamunyu Annual, up to 1.2 mm tall; panicle feathery, pallid or tinged with red or purple; spikelet 5 9 mm long, 5 14-flowered; usually a weed of disturbed and cultivated ground; also in open and wooded grassland, on lake shores, in dambos, and riverine vegetation, growing in sandy soils and red dolerite loams; 45 1,280 m. South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique. Known from Malawi, but may be first record for Nyika. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls, 2000, Mwanyambo 486 (MAL). Loudetia arundinaceae (A.Rich.) Steud. Perennial, tufted, up to 3 m high; basal leaf sheaths more or less silky pubescent; panicle branches spreading and whorled; spikelet 6 13 mm long, glabrous or tuberculate setose, awned, callus truncate; Brachystegia woodland, sometimes on the margins of drainage tracts. Mozambique, Zambia, Angola, northwards to Senegal and Ethiopia. Not recorded for Malawi in Flora zambesiaca (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Loudetia simplex (Nees) C.E.Hubb. common russet grass Perennial, tufted, up to 1.5 m; basal leaf-sheaths usually becoming fibrous, typically woolly-tomentose sometimes silky pubescent to glabrescent; panicle branches seldom whorled; spikelet 8 14 mm long, glabrous or tuberculate setose; callus 2-toothed; in wooded grassland, on both stony and seasonally waterlogged soils; dominant of montane grasslands; 1,000 2,500 m; grazed by hartebeest, reedbuck, eland, roan antelope, and zebra (Lemon 1964). Southern Africa, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe; also Madagascar. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 220 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls, 2000, Chapama 163 (FRIM); Thazima, 2000, Izidine 33 (LMA); Thazima Gate towards Chelinda, 2000, Mwanyambo 515 (MAL); Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Dembo Bridge, 2000, Thera 3020 (MAL); near Domwe, 2000, Kasakula 249 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Chowo Forest, 2000, Phiri 3516 (UZL). Melinis ambigua Hack. subsp. ambigua Perennial, up to 1.5 m high; panicle narrowly ovate; spikelet mm long, laterally compressed, 2-flowered, lower floret male or barren, upper glume awn (0.1) mm long; in open Brachystegia woodland or grassland at higher elevations; often at anthropogenic sites and streamsides; sandy or stony soils; 1,000 2,500 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Namibia, Angola, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Burundi, and D.R.C. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 121 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Smook 10727a (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH); N. Rukuru River Bridge near turnoff to Domwe River, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Melinis ambigua Hack. subsp. longicauda (Mez) Zizka Rhychelytrum longicaudum (Mez) Chiov.; Melinis longicauda (Mez) Stapf & C.E.Hubb Perennial, up to 1.5 m high; panicle narrowly ovate; spikelet (2.7) (5.2) mm long; laterally compressed, 2-flowered, lower floret male or barren, upper glume awn (1.8) mm long; secondary grassland at higher elevations, rarely Brachystegia woodland or anthropogenic sites; 1,000 2,500 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Angola, D.R.C., Rwanda, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1969, Pawek 2098 (K); Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Smook 10727b (PRE, MAL, UZL); path to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL). Zambia. Nyika National Park, western part of Park, 2000, Phiri 3948 (UZL). Melinis macrochaeta Stapf & C.E.Hubb Annual or short-lived perennial, tufted, often rooting at nodes, up to 1.5 m; panicle narrowly ovate, pedicels glabrous; spikelet mm long, 2- flowered, lower floret barren; lower lemma awn 8 mm long; in grassland or Brachystegia woodland, often in disturbed places or near streams; 800 1,800 m. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and throughout tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 124 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Melinis minutiflora P.Beauv. Melinis tenuinervis Stapf Perennial, tufted, up to 1.5 m high; hairy, strong smell of linseed oil; inflorescence a panicle; pedicels scarious; spikelet (1.5) (2.4) mm long; Plants of the Nyika Plateau 353

110 POACEAE upper glume deeply grooved between prominent nerves; lower lemma awnless or awn up to 14 mm long; grassland or Brachystegia woodland at higher elevations, and in montane forest, often at anthropogenic sites; (300) 1,000 2,300 m. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 123 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls, 2000, Kasakula 206 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1968, Williamson 930 (SRGH). Melinis nerviglumis (Franch.) Zizka Rhynchelytrum nerviglume (Franch.) Chiov.; Rhynchelytrum setifolium (Stapf) Hack. bristle-leaved red top Perennial, up to 1.5 m high; leaves usually setaceous; panicle narrowly ovate; spikelet 3.2 5(5.7) mm long; usually hairy; in grassland and Brachystegia woodland; 1,000 3, 000m. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, northwards to Kenya and Gabon; also in Madagascar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 126 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, path to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook 10758b (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka var. nigricans (Mez) Zizka Annual, tufted, up to1.6 m high; spikelet 3 4.5(5) mm long, dark olivegreen, rarely green to straw-coloured, hairy to rarely glabrous; lower glumes separated from upper by internode, upper glume and lower lemma not beaked; on anthropogenic sites and embankments. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe; Angola, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Very variable, with four weakly separated subspecies. Typical specimens can easily be identified, but frequent intergradation occurs between the intraspecific groups. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 126 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Merxmuellera davyi (C.E.Hubb) Conert Danthonia davyi C.E.Hubb as Rytidosperma davyi (C.E.Hubb) Cope in Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 7 (1999). Davy oargrass Perennial, up to 1.2 m high; panicle loose to somewhat contracted; spikelet mm long, 3- to 10-flowered, lemma with 2 3 tufts of hairs near margins and middle of back, central awn geniculate, up to 12.5 mm long; in xeric, rocky, montane grassland. South Africa through Malawi northwards to central Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 7 (1999). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Microchloa altera (Rendle) Stapf Rendlia altera (Rendle) Chiov. Mahem s crest, streamside timothy Perennial, up 700 mm; forms compact mats; basal leaf sheaths splitting into fibres; inflorescence single secund raceme, spikelet mm long, 2(3)-flowered; in montane grassland and seasonally wet dambos, sometimes on termitaria in floodplain grassland; 980 2,260 m. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, and D.R.C. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 231 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1949, Hawksworth in GHS (K). Microchloa caffra Nees pincushion grass Perennial, dense tufts, up to 700 mm high; inflorescence a single secund raceme, spikelet mm long; 1-flowered; in montane grassland, often in bare areas, in shallow soils over rock or laterite pans, in bare or sparsely covered areas in miombo or mixed deciduous woodlands, and on dambo and pan margins; 580 1,950 m. Southern Africa to Ethiopia and D.R.C. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1,690 m, 1977, Pawek (K, SRGH); grassland opposite Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH); without locality, 7,000, 1959, Robinson 2997 (UZL). 354 Plants of the Nyika Plateau Microchloa indica (L.f.) P.Beauv. Annual, grows in isolated tufts, rarely forming mats, up to 500 mm high; inflorescence a single secund raceme, spikelet (3) mm long; 1-flowered; often in bare or sparsely covered ground in montane grassland and miombo woodlands, on pan edges in mopane woodland, sometimes on termitaria; also roadsides and paths; 610 2,350m. Throughout the tropics and subtropics. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau: 2,300 m, 1975, Pawek 9267; Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Phiri 3537 (UZL); 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Dembo Bridge, 2000, Kasakula 231 (MAL). Microchloa kunthii Desv. Perennial, dense tufts, up to 700 mm high; growing in compact mats; inflorescence a single secund raceme, spikelet mm long; 1-flowered; frequent on shallow soils over rock in montane grassland and rocky outcrops, on stony hillsides, in bare patches in miombo woodland, and on dambo margins; 650 2,300 m. Southern Africa and tropical Africa into Arabia, India, China, and tropical S. America. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 230 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chelinda Valley, 2,300 m, 1976, Phillips 1354 (K, SRGH); Nganda Hill, 2000, Phiri 3689 (UZL); Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Mwanyambo 531 (MAL); Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Monocymbium ceresiiforme (Nees) Stapf boat grass Perennial, of variable habit from straggling to densely tufted; inflorescence of solitary racemes, enclosed in reddish brown, cymbiform spatheole, loosely gathered into false panicle; grassy hillsides; dominant in poorer montane grasslands of the Nyika, along with Loudetia simplex (Lemon 1964). Southern Africa northwards to Ethiopia and westwards to W. Africa. Source. F.T.E.A. Gramineae (3): (1982) Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Rumphi Bridge, 1975, Pawek 9261 (PRE); Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Phiri 3531 (UZL); Mwanyambo 481 (MAL); 2000, Kasakula 198 (MAL); 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Runyina River, 2000, Phiri 3782 (UZL). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Chowo Forest, 2000, Phiri 3514 (UZL); Rest House Area, 2000, Phiri 3582 (UZL); western part of Nyika National Park, 2000, Phiri 3953 (UZL). Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P.Beauv. basket grass Perennial, rambling; inflorescence of elongated racemes along central axis or upper reduced to fascicles, if all fascicled, awns less than 7 mm long; spikelet 2 4 mm long, awn smooth and sticky; in shade of montane forests and evergreen riverine forests; 1,000 1,800 m. Throughout the tropics, except in Asia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 8 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1951, Jackson 496 (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1958, Robson 415 (K). Oplismenus undulatiformis (Ard.) Roem. & Schult. Perennial, trailing; racemes reduced to cuneate fascicles; spikelet mm long; awns smooth and sticky; forest shade; 800 2,400 m. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe; warm temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, extending southwards to the uplands of Africa and India. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 8 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1970, Brummitt (K); Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Oreobambos buchwaldii K.Schum. tolanje Robust tree-like bamboo, growing in small dense patches or solitary clumps, up to 20 m high; leaf laminae obscurely tessellate; culm sheath covered with appressed bristle-like hairs when young, fimbriate at mouth, with short subulate lamina, inflorescence large and loose; in clearings of evergreen rainforests, in swampy forests, and along mountain streams. Zambia and Malawi; also Uganda and Tanzania. Rare on Nyika.

111 Microchloa caffra Monocymbium ceresiiforme 4 mm 1,5 mm Oplismenus hirtellus Del. Charmaine Bartman Oreobambos buchwaldii Del. Derek Erasmus Plants of the Nyika Plateau 355

112 Panicum maximum Del. Clare Smith Panicum lukwangulense Del. Sandie Burrows Pennisetum thunbergii Del. Eleanor Catherine 5 mm 3 mm Paspalum scrobiculatum Del. Eleanor Catherine Oryza barthii 356 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

113 POACEAE Malawi. Nyika National Park, lower N. Rukuru River, 1,600 m (Dowsett- Lemaire 1985). Oryza barthii A.Chev. wild rice; mpungaziwe, songasekwe Annual aquatic grass growing in tufts, up to 1.2 m high, erect or geniculate, produces aerial roots from lower nodes; panicle obdeltoid, dense, manyflowered; spikelet mm long (excluding awn), keels usually stiffly ciliate, awn (6.5)8 16(19) mm long; in shallow water of ponds, dambos, and marshes; as a weed in rice fields. Not recorded for Malawi in Flora zambesiaca (1971). Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia to Tanzania; W. Africa from Mauritania to Sudan. Malawi. Nyika, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Panicum adenophorum K.Schum. Annual or short-lived perennial; up to 2.4 m high; leaf cordate or amplexicaul; panicle moderately to much branched, clavate hairy; spikelets 2.5 3(5) mm long; forest margins, grassland or scrub. Malawi, Zambia; Uganda, Tanzania, D.R.C., and Burundi. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 15 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chowo Rocks, 2,300 m, 1968, Simon, Williamson & Ball 1659 (K, SRGH); Sangule Kopje area, 2000, Smook (PRE). Panicum aequinerve Nees Annual or short-lived perennial with trailing culms; panicle sparsely branched, spreading, pilose or glabrous; spikelet 3 4 mm long; forest margins and mountain grasslands; 1,000 2,700 m. A South African species extending northwards through Malawi to Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 37 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, circular drive from Chelinda Camp to Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Sanguli Hill, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Panicum chionachne Mez stream-side panic grass Annual or short-lived perennial with decumbent or trailing culms; panicle sparsely to moderately branched, spreading; spikelets 2 3 mm long, acute or acuminate; in forest shade or mountain grassland, in damp places; in stands of Khaya anthotheca and Syzygium along streams (Lemon 1964); 1,000 2,750 m. Malawi and Zambia, extending northwards to D.R.C. and Sudan. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Panicum claytonii Renvoize Perennial, up to 750 mm high, erect, pubescent rhizome or knotty base; panicle sparsely branched, densely clavate hairy; spikelet mm long, oblong, pale green often tinged with purple; specimens from Nyika appear not to have any clavate hairs; in woodland or grassland, on red soils. Malawi, Zambia, S. Tanzania, and D.R.C. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 13 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1958, Robson 332 (K, holo.); road to Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). Panicum delicatulum Fig. & De Not. Panicum caudiglume Stapf; Panicum nyassense Napper Annual, erect, weak, up to 500 mm high; panicle moderately to muchbranched; spikelet mm long, ovate, pilose, acuminate; in submontane forest; 1,500 2,400 m. Malawi and Zambia northwards to Sudan and Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 39 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1969, Pawek 2110 (K); Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Phiri 3527b (UZL); near Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE); Jalawe Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Panicum ecklonii Nees Panicum pectinatum Rendle small panicum Perennial, up to 800 mm high, base usually densely pubescent; panicle moderately to much-branched, flexuous, glabrous to clavate-hairy; spikelet mm long; apex puberulous, glumes pectinate; in grassland, in rocky places; 1,200 2,700 m. Southern Africa northwards to S. Tanzania and westwards to W. Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 13 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1977, Pawek (K, SRGH). Panicum grandiflorum Stapf Perennial, tufted or shortly rhizomatous, up to 1.5 mm high; panicle moderately branched; spikelet mm long; in grassland on sandy, often damp, soil; 400 1,600 m. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana. Known only from the Flora zambesiaca area. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Domwe, 2000, Kasakula 254 (MAL). Panicum hymeniochilum Nees Aquatic annual, up to 1.2 mm high; panicle sparsely branched, with tapering and clavate hairs, rarely clavate hairs absent; spikelet mm long; river margins and swampy places. Southern Africa to Ethiopia, also in Guinea and Madagascar. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dam #1 at Chelinda Camp, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL); Sangule Kopje, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). Panicum inaequilatum Stapf & C.E.Hubb Perennial, delicate, erect or decumbent from slender rhizome; panicle sparsely branched; spikelet 2 3 mm long, elliptic, sparsely to densely pilose; in submontane grassland, in wet places; 1,600 2,400 m. Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and S. Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 38 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chelinda Camp, 1970, Brummitt (K, MAL, SRGH); near Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). Panicum lukwangulense Pilg. Perennial, up to 1.5 m high, often densely mixed hispid and glandular hairy; panicle much-branched; spikelet mm long, pilose at apex only; lower glume pectinate or not, upper glume pectinate; in submontane grassland, in damp situations; 2,300 3,000 m. Malawi and S. Tanzania. This species is very closely related to P. ecklonii (above). Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 12 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Lake Kaulime, 1968, Simon, Williamson & Ball 1647 (K, SRGH); Mpopoti, 2000, Mwanyambo 544 (MAL); en route to Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL). Panicum maximum Jacq. Guinea grass; msonthe, pokopoko Perennial, sometimes annual, up to 450 mm high; panicle oblong to pyramidal, spikelet mm long, oblong, glabrous to pubescent, obtuse or acute; upper lemma conspicuously rugose; in shady or open habitats, on stable or unstable soils in natural or disturbed situations. Throughout southern and tropical Africa; also in Madagascar and introduced widely throughout the tropics. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); Chelinda Dam, 2000, Chapama 195 (FRIM). Panicum monticola Hook.f. montane panic grass Perennial, slender, decumbent up to 1 m long; panicle sparsely to moderately branched; spikelet mm long; in submontane and evergreen montane forests (Lemon 1964); 600 2,600 m. South Africa and throughout tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Panicum pectinellum Stapf Perennial, slender, erect, up to 0.9 m high; base pubescent, knotty; leaves mostly cauline; panicle much-branched, flexuous, glandular hairy; spikelet mm long, ovate-elliptic; in damp places in rocky grassland or wood- Plants of the Nyika Plateau 357

114 POACEAE land; 1,300 2,200 m. Malawi, Zambia, Angola, and D.R.C. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 12 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls, 1968, Simon, Williamson & Ball 1798 (K, SRGH); path to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Panicum pusillum Hook.f. Annual, delicate, erect or often decumbent, up to 600 mm high; panicle sparsely to moderately branched, spreading to deflexed; spikelet mm long, narrowly ovate, pilose; in mountain grassland and bush land; 1,350 3,300 m. Malawi northwards to Ethiopia and Sierra Leone. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 37 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Rumphi Bridge, 1975, Pawek 9263 (K, MO, SRGH, MAL); Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); on main road to Chisanga Falls from Chelinda Camp, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Chelinda River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Panicum trichocladum Hack ex K.Schum. Perennial, scrambling; panicle densely hairy below lowest branches, pedicels with long cilia at apex covering spikelets; spikelet mm long, oblong; in shade of bush or forest, on stony or sandy soils. Zimbabwe northwards to D.R.C. and Ethiopia. Malawi. Nyika, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Panicum wiehe Renvoize Annual, scrambling; panicle moderately to much-branched; spikelet mm long, glabrous to sparsely pilose; in evergreen forests; 900 2,200 m. Zimbabwe and Malawi, extending northwards to Sudan. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 39 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Paspalum scrobiculatum L. veld paspalum Perennial, erect or decumbent at base and rooting at nodes, up to 1.5 m high; racemes 1 20, digitate; spikelet mm long, broadly elliptic to subrotund, becoming brown; on damp soils and by water; 0 1,900 m. Southern Africa and throughout the Old World tropics. A variable species. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); between Dam #2 and Chelinda Hill, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL); Juniper Forest parking area, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). Zambia. Western part of Nyika National Park, 2000, Phiri 3943 (UZL). Pennisetum clandestinum Chiov. Kikuyu grass Perennial, mat-forming, rhizomatous; inflorescence reduced and concealed in uppermost sheath; in upland grassland on fertile soils subject to grazing; 1,300 2,500 m. E. African highlands. Probably introduced; widely cultivated for pasture and soil stabilization. Introduced to most tropical and subtropical regions. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 179 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chelinda, Old Salt Lick, 1976, Phillips 1223 (K, MO). Pennisetum thunbergii Kunth Thunberg s grass, Thunberg s pennisetum Perennial, rhizomatous, erect to geniculate, up to 1.5 mm high; inflorescence spike-like, bristles fine, glabrous; spikelets mm long; in upland grassland, particularly on damp soils; may grow with Hyparrhenia in lower grassland (Lemon 1964); 1,500 2,500 m. South Africa northwards to Yemen and eastwards to Sri Lanka. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 185 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1952, Jackson 889 (K, SRGH); Dam #2, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); between Dam #2 and Chelinda Hill, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Juniper Forest, at bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). 358 Plants of the Nyika Plateau Pennisetum unisetum (Nees) Benth. Beckeropsis uniseta (Nees) K.Schum. Perennial, robust, up to 4 m high; panicles axillary and gathered into a copious false inflorescence; involucre reduced to a single bristle; spikelets 2 3 mm long; in wooded grassland and riverine forests, favouring partial shade; on better soils or fringes of forests (Lemon 1964). South Africa and throughout tropical Africa to Yemen. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Zambia. Western part of Nyika National Park, 2000, Phiri 3932 (UZL). Phacelurus huillensis (Rendle) Clayton Thyrsia huillensis (Rendle) Stapf; Thyrsia undulatifolia (Chiov.) Robyns Perennial, up to 1.8 m high, erect; racemes 3 4, internodes and pedicels clavate; sessile spikelet usually pallid, awnless; in Brachystegia wooded grassland. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Tanzania, and D.R.C. Malawi. Nyika Plateau foothills, 1968, Simon, Williamson & Ball 1644 (K, PRE); Thazima road, 2000, Phiri 3609 (UZL); Thazima Gate towards Chelinda, 2000, Mwanyambo 511 (MAL); Jalawe Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Phacelurus schliebenii (Pilg.) Clayton Thyrsia schliebenii Pilg. Perennial, up to 0.9 m high; basal sheaths flabellate; racemes 2 8, internodes and pedicels clavate; sessile spikelet dark purple, awnless; in marshy places. Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, and D.R.C. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Lake Kaulime, 1951, Jackson 533 (PRE); 1968, Simon, Williamson & Ball 1644 (PRE); 1970, Brummitt (K, PRE); Dembo Bridge, 2000, Smook (LMA, MAL, PRE, SRGH, UZL). Phragmites mauritianus Kunth common reed; bango, matete Perennial, up to 5 m high, leaf tips sharp, leaves deciduous at base of sheath; similar in habitats to P. australis, though more often recorded growing on sandy banks and not submerged in water; in dense stands along rivers, in swamps, flood plains, marshes, and edges of pools or dams. Southern African region and throughout tropical Africa. In some areas plants may be referred to as P. karka. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chipome Valley, 1972, Synge 275 (K, MAL, SRGH); Sangule Kopje, 2000, Smook sight record (material sterile). Poa annua L. annual blue grass Annual, rarely perennial, erect, spreading or decumbent, sometimes rooting at nodes, up to 300 mm high; panicle usually open, stiff; spikelet 3 8 mm long, green, often tinged red; in disturbed areas, in forest clearings, as a weed of cultivation, rarely in montane grassland or open woodlands. A cosmopolitan weed. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Thazima Gate, 2000, Phiri 3641 (UZL); Chelinda Camp, 2000, Smook (MAL, PRE). Poa leptoclada Hochst. ex A.Rich Perennial, variable, erect or geniculate, wiry, up to 750 mm high; lower sheaths often splitting into coarse fibres; panicle almost spike-like, branches erect; spikelets 3 6 mm long pale green, often tinged purple; in montane forests and moorland, in semi-montane open grassland, in kloofs, or along montane watercourses, always in semi-shade and in moist ground. Lesotho and Zimbabwe northwards to Ethiopia, Somalia, and W. tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 48 (1971). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, near Lake Kaulime, 2,190 m, 1962, Tyrer 958 (BM, COI, SRGH). Poa schimperiana Hochst. ex A.Rich Perennial, slender, weak, erect or geniculate, sometimes straggling; panicle very lax, erect or nodding; spikelets 3 6 mm long; in montane grassland, open woodland, and in forest scrub, usually in moist places. Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, and D.R.C. Very closely allied to P. leptoclada (above).

115 Phragmites mauritianus Del. Derek Erasmus Phacelurus huillensis Del. Maureen Church Poecilostachys oplismenoides 2,5 mm 3 mm Poa schimperiana Plants of the Nyika Plateau 359

116 Rhytachne rottboellioides Sacciolepis typhura Del. Wilma Roux 3 mm Sporobolus subtilis Del. Charmaine Bartman Streblochaete longiarista Del. Derek Erasmus Stipa keniensis Del. Wilma Roux 360 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

117 POACEAE Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 50 (1971). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasaramba, 1951, Jackson 504 (SRGH); between Chelinda Hill and Kasaramba Road, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Poecilostachys oplismenoides (Hack.) Clayton Choachne oplismenoides (Hack.) Robyns Perennial, trailing, often with aerial roots at nodes; lax racemes along main axis, spikelets in clumps; spikelets 6 8 mm long, with stiff bristles in yellowish tubercles; in shady places in evergreen forests. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, northwards to Nigeria and Ethiopia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 3 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1952, Jackson 887 (K). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1958, Robson 217 (K). Rhytachne rottboellioides Desv. Perennial, slender to robust, up to 1 m high; leaves setaceous; single terminal cylindrical raceme, internodes clavate; sessile spikelet 2 6 mm long, rugose or muricate, glumes awned or awnless; pedicelled spikelet suppressed or nearly so; in swamps and seasonally wet grasslands; 50 2,130m. Southern and tropical Africa; also in Madagascar, the West Indies, and S. America. A variable species. Malawi. Nyika National Park, main road at start of footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Sacciolepis chevalieri Stapf Sacciolepis brevifolia Stapf Perennial, rhizomatous, up to 1 m high, culms hard; leaves tightly rolled; panicle cylindrical, often interrupted; spikelets mm long, mostly pubescent; in swamps and near water; 500 2,000 m. Southern and tropical Africa; also in Madagascar. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999); Dam #2, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA, K). Sacciolepis spiciformis (A.Rich.) Stapf Sacciolepis huillensis (Rendle) Stapf; Sacciolepis geniculata Simon Annual, growing in clumps, up to 800 mm high; panicle cylindrical, spikelike, usually above leaves; spikelets mm long glabrous or hispidulous; in damp or swampy soils, in pools on rock and ironstone outcrops; 0 2,300 m. South Africa northwards to Cameroon and Ethiopia; also in Madagascar. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 44 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1968, Simon, Williamson & Ball 1650 (K, SRGH). No country given. Nyika National Park, 1967, Vesey-Fitzgerald 2977 (UZL). Sacciolepis transbarbata Stapf Perennial, with short knotty rhizome, up to 1 m high; panicle cylindrical, spikelets 3 4 mm long, elliptic, silky pilose with a transverse fringe of long hairs on back of lower lemma; in Brachystegia woodland; 1,200 1,900. Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Tanzania. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chisanga Falls area, 2000, Phiri 3576 (UZL); roadside at start of footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). Sacciolepis typhura (Stapf) Stapf Sacciolepis velutina Napper; Sacciolepis cinereo-vestita (Pilg.) C.E.Hubb. Perennial, shortly rhizomatous, up to 1.5 m high; usually spongy at base with cross-nerves on sheaths; leaves flat or folded; panicle cylindrical, dense; spikelet mm long, ovate, mostly glabrous; in swampy and marshy places; 500 2,500 m. South Africa and Namibia, northwards throughout tropical Africa. It is possible that S. typhura and S. chevalieri are just habitat forms of a single species. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999); Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA, K). Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Nees ex Büse Annual, erect or scrambling and decumbent, delicate, tinged with bright purplish red, up to 400 mm high; racemes filiform, shortly exerted from the spatheole; sessile spikelet mm long, awn 6 13 mm long; damp waterlogged areas, open sandy ground, river-banks, and road sides, in cultivated ground; 610 1,550 m. Pantropical. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Dembo Bridge, 2000, Smook (MAL, PRE). Setaria grandis Stapf Willis s timothy Perennial, robust, up to 3 m high; strongly flabellate basal sheaths; panicle branched, branches stiffly spreading, bristles rigid and pungent; spikelet mm long; in marshy places bordering lakes and streams; 2,300 2,500 m. Confined to the Nyika Plateau. This species is common and widespread in the Nyika National Park, growing on forest margins, along streams in forest clearings, and in forest margins where the streams leave the forest patches. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 103 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Henderson (BM, holo.); Lake Kaulime, 1970, Brummitt (K, SRGH); Mpopoti Hill, 2000, Salubeni & Mwanyambo 6789 (MAL); Dembo Bridge, 2000, Thera 3025 (MAL); 2000, Kasakula 233 (MAL); between Chelinda Camp and Dembo Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov. Annual, up to 1 m; leaves plicate, light green; panicle branched; spikelet mm long; in shady places in forests, woodland, and thickets, often as a weed of cultivation; 600 1,500 m. Southern African region, Cameroon, and Ethiopia; also India. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Thazima Gate, 2000, Phiri 3636 (UZL); without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Setaria incrassata (Hochst.) Hackel Setaria phragmitoides Stapf; Setaria palustris Stapf vlei bristle grass Perennial, with short rhizome, up to 2 m high, nodes pubescent, rarely glabrous; basal sheaths pallid; panicle spike-like; spikelets 2 3 mm long; on black clay plains and marshy stream margins into drier soils; 0 2,000 m. Southern Africa to Ethiopia and Nigeria. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (MAL, PRE). Setaria lindenbergiana (Nees) Stapf mountain bristle grass Perennial, up to 1.2 m high; leaves plicate when young, then flattening out; panicle branched, usually contracted, bristles often inconspicuous; spikelets 2 3 mm long; in open woodland, often on rocky slopes or termite mounds. South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and D.R.C., but not recorded for Malawi in Flora zambesiaca (1989). A variable species. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Setaria longiseta P.Beauv. Setaria paniciformis Rendle Perennial, geniculate, up to 1.5 m high; panicle branched; spikelets mm long, often tinged purple; in woodland, thicket, and streamsides, often in shady places or on termite mounds; 0 2,000 m. Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, northwards to Sudan and Sierra Leone. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 103 (1989). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1970, Hall-Martin 1689 (K, PRE); Sangule Kopje area, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL); on road to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Manyenjere Forest, 2000, Phiri 4053 (UZL); Chowo Forest, 2000, Phiri 3512 (UZL); western part of Park, 2000, Phiri 3947 (UZL). Setaria megaphylla (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz Setaria plicatilis (Hochst.) Engl.; Setaria chevalieri Stapf broad-leaved bristle grass Perennial, forming large tufts, up to 3 m high, but showing a considerable Plants of the Nyika Plateau 361

118 POACEAE variation in size; leaves plicate; panicle branched; spikelets mm long; in woodland shade, forest glades, and streamsides; 0 1,800 m. Southern and tropical Africa; also in tropical America and a few records in India. Intergrades with a number of related species. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda Dam, 2000, Chapama 190 (FRIM); without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Setaria petiolata Stapf & C.E.Hubb Setaria interpilosa Stapf & C.E.Hubb. Annual, weak, up to 1 m, nodes glabrous; panicle spike-like, loose; spikelet mm long, bristles 5 10 mm long; in wooded grassland and among rocks, in shade; 700 1,500 m. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe; also Kenya and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 101 (1989). Malawi. Rumphi (Nyika Plateau?), 1954, Jackson 1243 (K); without locality or collecting details (Patel 1999). Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. Setaria pallida-fusca (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb.; Setaria ustilata de Wit golden bristle grass; katiti Annual, up to1.3 m high, nodes glabrous; panicle spike-like; spikelets mm long; bristles green to yellow; a weedy species in disturbed places; 0 1,500 m. Southern Africa region, tropical and warm temperate regions of the Old World; introduced to America. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 100 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Thazima Camp, 2000, Chapama 179 (FRIM); Chelinda Dam, 2000, Chapama 187 (FRIM); Dembo River bridge, 2000, Kasakula 229 (MAL); 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1968, Williamson 951 (SRGH). Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Moss Setaria anceps Stapf; Setaria trinervia Stapf ncirawagaru Perennial, up to 3 m high, nodes glabrous; panicle spike-like; spikelet mm long, pallid to purple; bristles mm long, yellow; in dambos and other damp habitats, but extends into drier savanna woodland soils; 0 2,000 m. Southern Africa region and tropical Africa. A variable, polymorphic species to which a large number of specific or varietal names have been applied; although morphological variation is customarily partitioned into several varieties; it should be noted that the variation forms a continuum and these varieties are only weakly defined. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Mwanyambo 484 (MAL); Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH); Dembo Bridge, 2000, Kasakula 223 (MAL); Jalawe Viewpoint, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Chowo Forest, 2000, Phiri 3513 (UZL); Rest House area, 2000, Phiri 3732 (UZL). Sporobolus africanus (Poir.) Robyns & Tournay Sporobolus capensis (P.Beauv.) Kunth ratstail dropseed Perennial, erect, up to 1.3 m high; panicle dense, linear to spike-like; spikelet mm long, grey-green to dark green; in floodplain and swampy grassland, in montane grassland, and margins of evergreen forest; 100 2,300 m. South Africa to Cameroon and Ethiopia; also in the Arabian peninsula, Sri Lanka, and Hawaii. This is one of a complex of species, which are often difficult to separate from one other. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 186 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Dembo Bridge, 2,300 m, 1975, Pawek 9304 (K); en route to Dembo River Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Chire River, 1968, Williamson 1027 (K). Sporobolus centrifugus (Trin.) Nees olive dropseed Perennial, with short oblique rhizome, up to 800 mm high; basal sheaths usually indurated and horny, persistent; leaves usually tightly rolled; panicle branches whorled; spikelet mm long, very dark green; in montane short grassland, sometimes with scattered trees, and in watershed grassland, on sandy or peaty soils in rocky areas and along roadsides, often following fire; 1,210 2,300 m. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, and Kenya, with one record from Sudan. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 178 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 8 km N.W. of Lake Kaulime, 2,040 m, 1970, Brummitt (K, LISC, MAL, PRE, SRGH). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1962, Verboom 752 (K). Sporobolus mauritianus (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz Perennial, erect, up to 1 m tall; basal sheaths not indurated or only lightly so; leaves folded; panicle branches whorled, spikelets along the end half of branches; spikelet mm long, brownish to dark olive-green; usually in dambo and swampy grassland; also in montane short grassland and wetter miombo, often after fire; 40 2,290 m. South Africa and throughout tropical Africa; also in Madagascar and Mauritius. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 179 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, turnoff to Kasaramba, ca 10 km from Chelinda, 2,290 m, 1968, Simon, Williamson & Ball 1709 (SRGH); between Chelinda Hill and Kasaramba road, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL). Sporobolus micranthus (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz Sporobolus psammophilus Stent & J.M.Rattray Annual, delicate, erect, up to 600 mm high; leaf margins usually with raised glands; panicle branches whorled, with sticky gland patches; spikelet mm long, reddish; in miombo and Uapaca woodlands on sandy soils, Kalahari sand woodland, in sandveld, and on rocky outcrops, less often in dry dambos, on margins of laterite pans, and in submontane grassland, often at roadsides; 600 1,700. Throughout tropical Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 170 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 10 km N. of M1, 1,650 m, 1978, Pawek 14055b (K, SRGH); main road at start of footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); between river and fire-break at Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Sporobolus mollier Hack. Annual, erect, up to 600 mm high; panicle linear, spikelets along whole length of branches; spikelet mm long, yellowish or brownish green, upper glume with subulate awn-like apex; miombo woodland shade and montane grassland, usually on evergreen forest margins; also on escarpments and rocky outcrops, often as a weed of cultivated and waste ground, roadsides, paths, and lawns; 760 1,980 m. Throughout tropical Africa, with a single record from South Africa. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 180 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chisanga Falls, 1,980 m, 1968, Simon, Williamson & Ball 1801 (K); Thazima Gate, 2000, Phiri 3634 (UZL). Sporobolus myrianthus Benth. Sporobolus angustifolius De Wild. Perennial, up to 1.2 m high; older basal leaf sheaths indurated, sometimes disintegrating into loose glabrous cushion of fibres; panicle diffuse; spikelets evenly distributed; spikelet mm long, dark greyish green to olivegreen; often in miombo woodland, but also in mixed deciduous woodland and open grassland, on sandy soils, rocky slopes, and termitaria, and in dambo margins and shallow soil over laterite; 80 1,720 m. Zimbabwe to Angola, Nigeria, and Kenya. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 13 km N. of M1, 1977, Pawek (K, SRGH). Sporobolus olivaceus Napper Perennial, erect, up to 0.9 m high; basal sheaths hard, usually disintegrating into a cushion of persistent fibres; leaves usually folded; panicle spikelike, spikelets densely arranged along whole length; spikelet mm long, dark olive-green to almost black; usually in shallow sandy soils over rock; 1,650 1,700 m. From Malawi and Zambia through E. Africa to Ethiopia. In the same complex as S. africanus. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 187 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 13 km N. of M1, 1977, Pawek (K, SRGH). 362 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

119 Themeda triandra Del. Charmaine Bartman Setaria grandis 4 mm Schizachyrium brevifolium Del. Eleanor Catherine Thelopogon elegans Del. William Trevithick Plants of the Nyika Plateau 363

120 Trichopteryx stolziana 2 mm 10 mm Tristachya leucothrix 5 mm Trachypogon spicatus Del. Rosemary Holcroft Zonotriche inamoena 364 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

121 POACEAE Sporobolus piliferus (Trin.) Kunth Annual, erect, up to 450 mm high; panicle spike-like, branches sometimes whorled, glandular, spikelets along whole length; spikelet mm long, reddish brown; often amongst rocks in montane grassland, on rocky hillsides and granite outcrops in high-rainfall woodland, beside paths, in firebreaks, and margins of laterite pans; 1,100 2,000m. Throughout the tropics. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Chelinda Camp, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL); near Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE); Chelinda Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Sporobolus pyramidalis P.Beauv. catstail dropseed; mtsinde Perennial, erect, up to 2.1 m high; panicle narrowly pyramidal; spikelet mm long, green to greyish or purplish; upper glume obtuse; in dambo and floodplain grassland, on stream banks, less often in open woodland and montane grassland, common where soil fertility is high, a weed of permanent and planted pasture, sometimes invasive in overgrazed marshes; 0 2,290 m. Widely distributed in the southern African region and throughout tropical Africa; also in Madagascar, Mauritius, tropical Arabia, and introduced elsewhere. Belongs in same species complex as S. africanus. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 184 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Chelinda Valley, 2,290 m, 1976, Phillips 1350 (SRGH). Sporobolus sanguineus Rendle Perennial, erect, up to 1.2 m high; panicle branches whorled, spire-shaped; spikelet mm long, reddish; in miombo woodland on sandy soils, often on mountain slopes and rocky outcrops, and on evergreen forest margins; 600 1,830 m. Southern Africa and throughout tropical Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Sporobolus stapfianus Gand. fibrous dropseed Perennial, erect, up to 550 mm high; basal sheaths with curly yellow or brown hairs, disintegrating into persistent fibres; panicle usually diffuse, spikelet mm long, grey-green to dark greenish purple; often in shallow soils over rock; also in miombo or mixed deciduous woodland in bare ground or amongst short grasses, and on margins of sandveld marshes; 100 1,700 m. Southern Africa region and tropical Africa; also in Madagascar and tropical Arabia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(2): 191 (1999). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 13 km N. of M1, 1977, Pawek (K, SRGH). Sporobolus subtilis Kunth Perennial, short scaly rhizome, erect, up to 600 mm high; basal leaf sheaths persistent or disintegrating into fibres; panicle very diffuse, branches and pedicels capillary, widely diverging, long white hairs in axils; spikelet mm long, dark green; in dambo grasslands, sometimes in montane and sandveld grasslands, and on coastal dunes away from the littoral zone; 0 1,800m. Southern Africa northwards to Tanzania, D.R.C., and W. Africa; also in Madagascar. A variable species. The collections listed below were the first records for Malawi. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Chelinda River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH); between Dam #2 and Chelinda River Bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Stipa keniensis (Pilg.) Freitag Stipa dregeana Steud var. elongata (Nees) Stapf Perennial, short knotty rhizome, up to 1.5 m high; leaf flat; panicle effuse, branches flexuous, spikelets at end of branches; spikelet 6 7 mm long, awn mm long; in shade of montane forests. E. Africa and South Africa. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Streblochaete longiarista (A.Rich.) Pilg. Perennial, straggling, up to 0.9 m high; panicle contracted; spikelet mm long, pale green to silvery green, awns mm long; all the awns on the inflorescence intertwine and the florets become detached from the panicle and thus the seeds are dispersed en masse; in montane or submontane evergreen forests or scrub. South Africa (rare), Zimbabwe, Malawi, Nigeria, Cameroon, Ethiopia, and E. Africa; also in Indonesia and Philippines. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, 4 km W. of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 73 (EA, K, LISC, MAL, SRGH). Thelopogon elegans Roem. & Schult. Annual, coarse, erect, stilt roots present, up to 1.5 m high; leaves cordate to amplexicaul at base 2 17 racemes borne terminally; sessile spikelet 5 13 mm long, coarsely rugose, awn mm long; very local in weedy patches on black clay soils; 150 1,800 m. Throughout tropical Africa; also extending through India to Indonesia. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 67 (1971). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Mwanembwe, 1903, McClounie 18 (K); Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Themeda triandra Forssk. red grass, red oat grass; chitungwa Perennial, erect up to 2 m high; false panicle of wedge-shaped clusters of 2 8 racemes enclosed in russet-coloured spatheoles and spathes; sessile spikelet 6 11 mm long, awn mm long; in grassland and grassy areas in bush land or disturbed open woodland, a common dominant of rolling montane grasslands or woodlands; found on lower hills or sometimes in marshes on the Nyika Plateau (Lemon 1964). Probably favoured by fire, but not by close grazing (Lemon 1964). Tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. This is a widespread polymorphic species and a number of varieties have been described, based on differences in habit and in the hairiness of the spatheoles and spikelets. However, these characters are poorly correlated with chromosome numbers or geographical distribution and are of little significance. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Mbuzinande, 1975, Phillips 770 (K); Nyika Plateau, 6 miles S. of Chelinda Road on Mbuzinandi-Olera Road, 1978, Pawek (PRE); Chosi Viewpoint, 2000, Chapama 142 (FRIM?); Thazima Gate, 2000, Phiri 3511 (UZL); Thazima-Chelinda Road, 2000, Mwanyambo 527 (MAL); road above Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA); Jalawe Viewpoint, 2000, Thera 3114 (MAL). Zambia. Western part of Nyika National Park, 2000, Phiri 3941 (UZL); Rest House area, 2000, Phiri 3765 (UZL). Trachypogon spicatus (L.f.) Kuntze giant spear grass Perennial, erect, up to 2 m high; racemes 1(3); subsessile spikelet barren, awnless; pedicelled spikelet 8 13 mm long, awn mm long; in upland grassland, open deciduous bush land, or wooded grassland. Tropical and Southern Africa; also in tropical America. There is considerable variation in vegetative characters, but the spikelets are tolerably constant. Grazed by eland, hartebeest, reedbuck, roan antelope, and zebra, especially after burning (Lemon 1964). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1952, Jackson 882 (K); Nyika Plateau western valleys, 1959, Robinson 3082 (PRE); circular drive above Dembo River bridge, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, 1959, Robinson 3010 (K, PRE); western part of Nyika National Park, 2000, Phiri 3974 (UZL); Rest House area, 2000, Phiri 3772 (UZL). Trichopteryx dregeana Nees Perennial, wiry, trailing, up to 1 m long, nodes exposed; leaves reflexed, panicle narrowly ovate; spikelet 4 5 mm long, upper lemma with lateral tufts 2 3 mm long; central awn 4 6 mm long, lateral awns mm long; in wet areas and marshy places; 1,100 2,100 m. Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, South Africa, and D.R.C.; also in Madagascar. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Sangule Kopje, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, K). Trichopteryx elegantula (Hook.f.) Stapf Trichopteryx delicatissima Phipps Annual, up to 300 mm high, usually slender and wiry, panicle open or Plants of the Nyika Plateau 365

122 PONTEDERIACEAE compact, spikelet mm long, glabrous or tuberculate setose, central awn 7 15 mm long; on damp slopes; 1,200 2,300 m. Malawi, Zambia, D.R.C., and Tanzania, westwards through Uganda to Sierra Leone. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Jalawe Viewpoint, 2000, Thera 3100 (MAL). Trichopteryx fruticulosa Chiov. Trichopteryx fruticulosa Chiov. var. whytei C.E.Hubb. Perennial, slender, somewhat woody, erect and stiff, up to 800 mm high, nodes usually hidden; leaves more or less reflexed; panicle lanceolate; spikelet 3 6 mm long, usually glabrous, upper lemma with lateral tufts of hair 1 2 mm long; central awn 8 11 mm long, lateral awns mm long; rocky slopes in Brachystegia woodland. Malawi, Zambia, Angola, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Sawi Valley, 1972, Synge 453 (MAL); Chisanga Falls area, 2000, Phiri 3563 (UZL); Vitinthiza Hill slope, 2000, Mwanyambo 571 (MAL). Zambia. Nyika National Park, Kaperekezi Road, 2000, Phiri 3847 (UZL). Trichopteryx stolziana Henr. Trichopteryx elegantula (Hook.f.) Stapf subsp. stolziana Phipps Annual, erect, slender and wiry, up to 300 mm high; panicle compact; spikelet mm long; callus truncate or emarginate; on wet flushes on banks and among rocks, forms patches in overgrazed areas and along paths or roads (Lemon 1964); 1,300 2,500 m. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, and D.R.C. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Nganda Hill, 2000, Phiri 3692 (UZL); footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH, LMA). Tristachya bequaertii De Wild Dolichochaete bequaertii (De Wild.) Phipps Perennial, robust, up to 2 m high, basal sheaths woolly tomentose; panicle open or contracted; spikelet mm long; common in poor or steep Brachystegia woodlands; 1,300 2,000 m. Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, and D.R.C. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without and collecting details (Mill 1979). Tristachya leucothrix Nees Tristachya hispida K.Schum. hairy trident grass Perennial, up to 1.2 m high; panicle with 1 7 triads of spikelets with connate pedicels; spikelet mm long, yellow to yellowish brown, villous with rows of black tubercules; in damp grassland. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, and D.R.C. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Jalawe Viewpoint, 2000, Thera 3113 (MAL). Zonotriche inamoena (K.Schum.) Clayton Tristachya inamoena K.Schum; Piptostachya inamoena (K.Schum.) Phipps Perennial, erect, up to 1.5 m high; panicle with triads covered in golden brown hairs; spikelet mm long, upper lemma without tufts; in Brachystegia woodland; 1,400 1,600 m. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi, Angola, D.R.C., and Tanzania. Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(3): 212 (1989). Malawi. Rumphi District, foothills to Nyika Plateau, 1968, Simon & Williamson 1770 (SRGH, K). Acritochaete volkensii Pilg.? Oplismenus volkensii (Pilg.) Peter This genus is not recorded for Flora zambesiaca region in Flora zambesiaca (1989) or in Flora of Tropical East Africa (1982) and, since we have no specimen to confirm its inclusion, it is excluded here. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Aristida hordeacea Kunth Aristida pseudohordeacea Stent & Rattray Annual, on sandy, clayey, and black basaltic soils, in open grasslands and woodlands mainly in shallow depressions, on edges of small pans, banks of streams, and mopane veld. It does not seem likely that this is the correct locality for this specimen (see also under McClounie s biographical notes). Source. Flora zambesiaca 10(1): 116 (1971). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, 1903, McClounie s.n. (K). Eragrostis pseudopoa near paniciformis True identity unknown. Source. Patel (1999). Eriochloa macclounii Stapf Mopane woodland, drainage courses, and flood plains. Lemon (1964) states: possibly limited to Nyika Plateau, infrequent or rare. Said to be a possible endemic to Nyika, but given habitat of mopane woodland it is not likely that the correct locality is given for this specimen. Not recorded for Malawi in Flora zambesiaca (1989). Source. Mill (1979). Excluded species PONTEDERIACEAE Festuca scabra Vahl Not recorded elsewhere for Malawi; regarded as a South African endemic. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Hyparrhenia simplex (Hochst.) A.Rich. Cannot find any reference to this name, although the name is old according to authors. Source. Patel (1999). Panicum mobukensi No reference to this species name can be traced. Source. Patel (1999). Pennisetum sp. Source. Brummitt (1972). Malawi. Nyika National Park, Sawi Valley, 1972, Synge 460 (K). Schizachyrium delicatulum? Stapf Tanzania, Guinea to Nigeria. Not recorded from Malawi and, since there are no details of a confirmed specimen, it is excluded here. Source. Patel (1999). Trichopteryx sp. Too young to identify and does not match any material at K or PRE. Malawi. Nyika National Park, footpath to Chisanga Falls, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, K). Heteranthera callifolia Kunth Heteranthera kotschyana Fenzl. ex Solms-Laub.; Heteranthera potamogeton Solms-Laub. Creeping aquatic herb, rooting at the nodes; leaves sheathing at base, petioles ascending, mm long, lamina floating or submerged, x mm, ovate, base cordate; inflorescence a spike with up to 15 flowers 5 12 mm long, white, blue or purple; capsule trigonous-oblong, manyseeded; in shallow waters of swamps, marshes, pans or rock pools, 540 2,400 m. Widespread in subtropical and tropical Africa. As with many of McClounie s records, this collection should perhaps be regarded with some suspicion since this species most commonly occurs in warmer, lower-altitude habitats. Source. Kirkia 16(1): 24 (1996). Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Mwenembwe, 2,400 m, 1903, McClounie 97 (K). 366 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

123 Heteranthera callifolia Smilax anceps Xerophyta equisetoides Siphonochilus aethiopicus Xyris capensis Plants of the Nyika Plateau 367

124 SMILACACEAE SMILACACEAE Smilax anceps Willd. Smilax mossambicensis Garcke; Smilax kraussiana Meissner Yao: mkwandula; Sukwa: mungapa Climbing shrub, stem woody, ribbed, armed with small sharp prickles; leaves alternate, circular to oblong, rounded or subcordate at the base; flowers stalked, in solitary umbels (clusters), greenish-white to yellowish; in montane scrub or rank grasses in river valleys, in woodland, and lakesides; 0 2,400 m. Throughout the wetter parts of Africa; also in Madagascar and Réunion. Source. F.T.E.A. Smilacaceae: 2 (1989). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979); Kasyaula Forest, without collecting details (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 320). Zambia. Nyika Plateau, Manyenjere and Chowo Forests, without collect- VELLOZIACEAE ing details (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985: 320). Smilax aspera L. Smilax goetzeana Engl. Climbing or creeping shrub, stems 4- to 6-angled, with or without prickles; leaves, alternate, lanceolate to triangular, cordate, hastate or sagittate to the base; flowers sessile, set in umbels (clusters) along an extended rachis; on forest margins, montane scrub, rocky areas, and along streams; 1,450 2,745 m. From Malawi and Zambia northwards through eastern Africa to N. Africa and western Europe; also in the Himalayas and India. Malawi. Nyika Plateau, Kasyaula Forest, without collecting details (Dowsett- Lemaire 1985: 320). Xerophyta equisetoides Baker var. pubescens L.B.Smith & Ayensu Chichewa: chejo, chewo, misuwachi Sparsely branched deciduous shrublet with thick fibrous stems and branches, branches long and slender; leaf sheaths 30 mm long, well-exserted, not splitting, leaves softly hairy; flowers showy, bell-shaped with 6 petals, white or almost so; in miombo woodland, rocky hillsides, and on granite rocks. Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Tanzania. It is quite possible that one or more of the other varieties of X. equisetoides occur along the margins of the Nyika Plateau. Source. Smith & Ayensu (1974: 195). Malawi. Rumphi District, near Nyika Plateau Conjunction, Salubeni 385 (K,?MAL). XYRIDACEAE Xyris aristata N.E.Br. Xyris laciniata Hutch.; Xyris leonensis Hepper; Xyris subaristata Malme Perennial (rarely annual), in dense clumps, base fibrous; spike sub-globose; bracts with pale scarious margins and markedly papillose, acumen long and rigid; in grass swamps, streamsides, and ditches. Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Source. Mill (1979); Brummitt (1973). Malawi. Nyika National Park, W. slopes of Nganda, 1972, Brummitt & Synge 64 (K, MAL, SRGH, LISC, PRE). Xyris capensis Thunb. Annual, sometimes a perennial, forming loose clumps, rhizome inconspicuous; leaves flabellate; inflorescence subspherical, peduncles terete below inflorescence; in marshes, on river-banks, and grassy seepage areas; common and very variable species. Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and widespread through the rest of Africa; also in Madagascar, S. America, India, Sri Lanka, China, and Malaysia. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Dam #2, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL, UZL, SRGH). Xyris congensis Büttner Xyris hildebrandtii Nilsson; Xyris umbilonis Nilsson. Perennial, rhizome hard, covered by persistent shiny reddish brown contorted leaf bases, roots thin; leaves clustered, stiff; flowers yellow fading to white; in damp areas, streamsides, often in montane areas, sometimes dominant in swampy places, usually grassy. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe southwards to South Africa; widespread in tropical Africa from E. Africa to Nigeria; also in Madagascar. Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). Xyris obscura N.E.Br. Xyris brunnea L.A.Nilsson Perennial, forming dense tufts, up to 0.5 m tall; leaf-bases persistent; spike 3- to 5-flowered, almost black; in montane grassland, often in rocky places. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe; South Africa, Angola Tanzania, Burundi, and Cameroon. Malawi. Nyika National Park, Jalawe Viewpoint, 2000, Thera 3101 (MAL). Xyris cf. straminea L.A.Nilsson Annual, small tufts, leaves linear; inflorescence ellipsoid, bracts yellowish brown; shallow soils over rocks, seasonal swamps, among grass tussocks. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, to E. Africa and W. to Sierra Leone. Malawi. Nyika National Park, near Juniper Forest, 2000, Smook (PRE, MAL). ZINGIBERACEAE Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L.Burtt Kaempferia aethiopica (Schweinf.) Ridley Perennial herb from a short ovoid rhizome, roots with tubers; leaves appearing at or after flowering, leaves narrowly elliptic, x mm, completely hairless; inflorescence arising from the base of the leafy shoot, more or less at ground level, with 4 12 flowers, flowers mauve to purple with a yellow mark in the throat; fruit almost underground, roundish, ca 15 mm diameter; in deciduous woodland, scrub or wooded grassland; 350 1,830 m. South Africa northwards to Ethiopia and W. Africa. This is a highly prized medicinal plant in South Africa. Source. F.T.E.A. Zingiberaceae: 20 (1985). Malawi. Nyika National Park, without locality or collecting details (Mill 1979). 368 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

125 GLOSSARY Glossary Adapted from Retief & Herman (1997) and Leistner (2000). ABBREVIATIONS: adj., adjective; adv., adverb; e.g., for example; esp., especially; i.e., that is; pl., plural; sing., singular; syn., synonym; vb., verb. A a- (prefix): without, lacking. abaxial: applied to the side or surface, facing away from the axis or stem (compare adaxial). achene: a small, dry fruit, not splitting when ripe, formed from a superior ovary of one carpel and containing a single seed, with the seed coat free from the fruit wall, as in Clematis (Ranunculaceae) (compare cypsela). actinomorphic: applied to flowers that are radially symmetrical, i.e. capable of being bisected into similar halves in more than one vertical plane, forming mirror images (= regular) (compare irregular, zygomorphic). acroscopic: facing apically, towards the tip. acumen: a long, tapering point. acuminate: narrowing gradually to a point. acute: having a sharp and rather abrupt point, usually applied to a leaf apex. adaxial: applied to the side, facing the stem or axis (compare abaxial). adnate: fused to an organ of a different kind, e.g. an ovary to the calyx tube. adventitious: applied to plant organs produced in an unusual or irregular position, or at an unusual time of development, as in adventitious buds, roots, or shoots. alien: a plant introduced to a region by man; often having become naturalised in the wild. alternate: of leaves that are arranged in a zig-zag pattern (alternate) along the axis or rachis (compare to opposite). amphibious: living both on land and in water. amplexicaul: stem-clasping, as when the base of the leaf is dilated and embraces the stem. androecium: the stamens and accessories of one flower. androgynophore: an elongated stalk bearing both the male (andro-) and female (gyno-) parts of the flower. androphore: a stalk bearing the androecium. angiosperm: a seed-bearing plant whose ovules, and hence seeds, develop within an ovary (compare gymnosperm). anterior (applied to floral organs): in a position most remote from the axis (compare posterior/posticous). anthelmintic: (a medicine) acting against parasitic (esp. intestinal) worms. anther: the male, pollen-bearing organ in a flower, borne on a stalk-like filament. anthesis: period during which the flower is open. anticous/antical: applied to that which is most remote or turned away from the axis; occasionally employed for introrse, as applied to anthers. antrorse: bent or directed towards the apex or forward (compare retrorse). apex or apical: the tip, or distal end of an organ, usually of a leaf or fruit. apicule/apiculum/apiculus (adj. apiculate): a short point. apud: in the publication of. areolate: divided into distinct spaces. aril: a fleshy, coloured covering on a seed, evolved mainly to attract birds and insects, which then distribute the seed. aristate: a sharp, slender bristle or awn, sometimes borne on a leaf tip or teeth of a leaf margin. armed: bearing spines, prickles or thorns. asymmetric: unequal. attenuate: drawn out into a long, narrow point. auricle (adj. auricled/auriculate): an ear-like lobe or appendage at the base of a leaf or other organ. awn: a long, sharp bristle, usually borne at the tip of a leaf or on the edge of a calyx: see also aristate and bristle-tip. axil: the angle between a leaf surface and the stem that bears it; also the angle between a leaf midrib and the side or lateral veins. axis (of an inflorescence): that part of the stem or branch on which the individual flowers are borne. B bacterial nodule: a dark, often raised spot in a leaf, which houses symbiotic bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen to the benefit of the plant. barbed: with rigid points or lateral bristles pointing backwards. barbellate: shortly barbed. basal: at the base. berry: a many-seeded, fleshy fruit. bi-coloured: of two colours, usually applied to a leaf that is dark green above and much paler below. bifid: cleft into two parts for about half the length. bilabiate: 2-lipped, as when two or three lobes of a calyx or corolla stand separate as an upper lip from the others forming a lower lip. bilobed: with two lobes. bipinnate (= 2-pinnate): of a compound leaf that is twice-divided, i.e. each segment or pinna is again divided. bipinnatifid: said of a pinnate leaf in which the leaflets are pinnatifid or incised (cut) about half-way to the midrib of the leaflet; also termed bipinnatifidly compound: bipinnatifidly compound: see bipinnatifid. biseriate: arranged in two rows or whorls. blade: the flattened part of a leaf. brachyblast: a very short branch of limited growth, bearing leaves and sometimes flowers and fruit; also termed a spur. bract: a small, atypical or modified leaf situated at the base of a flower, or on a flower stalk or pedicel. bracteole: a small bract. bristle-tip: see awn. bud: an undeveloped shoot that can give rise to a branch or flower. bulbous-based: with an inflated base. bullate: having a blistered or puckered surface; (of a leaf surface): prominently raised, like a bubble, between the veins. bundle sheath cells: cells forming a sheath around the vascular bundles of many plant species. bushveld: a colloquial term of South African origin to denote any vegetation type composed of both trees and grasses, often with shrubby thicket. C C-4 plants: species that produce 4-carbon acids as the primary initial CO 2 fixation products. Most C-4 species are monocots, especially grasses and sedges, while more than 300 are dicots. caducous: falling off early. callus (pl. calli): a thickened part, such as the thickened extension at the base of the lemma at the point of its attachment to the rachilla. calyx: the outer whorl of a flower, made up of a number of sepals (calyx lobes) that protect the flower in bud. calyx tube: when the sepals are partly united, the lower portion is referred to as the tube and the upper free part as the limb, usually divided into calyx teeth, lobes, or segments (see also hypanthium). campanulate: bell-shaped. cane: the stems of large grasses and small palms. canescent: grey-pubescent or hoary. canopy: the branches and leaves of a tree, also known as the crown; a term usually applied to the top or upper layer of a forest. capitate: (1) like the head of a pin, as the stigma of some flowers; (2) collected into compact, head-like clusters, as the inflorescences of Asteraceae. capitulum (pl. capitula): a dense, head-like inflorescence usually of sessile flowers (see also head). capsule: a dry fruit comprised of more than one carpel; may be indehiscent (not splitting open) or dehiscent (splitting open). carina ( adj. carinal): a keel; the two partially united anterior (lowest) petals of a papilionaceous flower, or the single, similar-shaped, anterior petal in many Polygalaceae. Plants of the Nyika Plateau 369

126 GLOSSARY carinate: keeled. carpel: the single unit of a compound pistil (a flower bearing more than one style); also the units of a compound fruit. cataphyll: small scale leaf, e.g. on rhizomes of flowering plants. catkin: a dense, often pendulous spike of small, unisexual flowers with no conspicuous perianth. caudate: abruptly ending in a long, tail-like tip or appendage. cauline: arising from, or inserted onto the stem. choripetalous: having separate and distinct petals (= polypetalous)(compare gamopetalous, sympetalous). ciliate: of a leaf margin, fringed with hairs. circumscissile: dehiscing as if cut circularly around an organ, often of a fruit capsule. cladode: a flattened photosynthetic stem. clavate: club-shaped or thickened towards the end. clustered: arranged in a tight group, often apparently arising from one point. commissural: of a joint or seam, such as that between two adhering sepals. commissure: the faces of cohering carpels (e.g. in Apiaceae); the place of joining or meeting. compound: made up of several similar parts, commonly applied to a leaf that is divided into leaflets; double compound: in a leaf, twice-divided or bi-pinnate. See also simple. compound umbel: see umbel. concolor/concolorous: of uniform colour (e.g. upper and lower leaf surface with the same colour) (compare discolorous). connate: applied to parts of the same series, which are united so closely that they cannot be separated without tearing. coppice: the young, vigorous shoots produced from the base of a tree trunk in response to it being damaged or felled, or from damaged roots; see also sucker. cordate: of a leaf with a lobed or heart-shaped base. coriaceous: firm, tough, of the consistence of leather. corm: a tuberous bulb-like rootstock. corolla: a collective term for the petals of a flower. corona: a crown; (in the flower of some Apocynaceae and Passifloraceae and others): a circle of appendages between the corolla and stamens, often united in a ring or crown; in some members of the Asclepiadoideae Apocynaceae, the corona consists of one or two (sometimes three) alternating rows, different in size and shape, the outer row nearest to the corolla lobes, the inner row nearest to the staminal column. corymb (adj. corymbose): a flat-topped racemose inflorescence in which the branches or pedicels start from different points, but all reach to about the same level. crenate (noun crenation) (of a margin): notched with regular blunt or rounded teeth; scalloped. crenulate: crenate with very small teeth; minutely scalloped. crescentic/crescentiform: biconcave, resembling the shape of the moon in its first or last quarters. crown: see canopy. cuneate: of a leaf base, which is wedge-shaped or like an inverted triangle. cupule/cupulum (pl. cupula): a cup-shaped structure at the base of some fruits, formed by the fusion of involucral bracts at their bases, e.g. the acorn of oaks, a structure at the base of the fruits of some palms, the cupshaped involucre of some Asteraceae; a series of free trichomes apically on achenes of Asteraceae, which become fused with age. cupuliform: cup-shaped. cuspidate: abruptly tipped with a sharp, rigid point. cuticle: the thin outer skin of a leaf. cylindrical: shaped like a cylinder, the sides parallel to one another and circular in section. cymbiform: boat-shaped. cyme (adj. cymose): a determinate inflorescence in which each flower, in turn, is formed at the tip of a growing axis, and further flowers are formed on branches arising below it (compare indeterminate inflorescence). cypsela (pl. cypselae): an achene derived from a 1-loculed, inferior ovary; as in the indehiscent fruits of Asteraceae (compare achene). D decoction: a liquid preparation of a medicinal plant, produced by boiling the selected parts that extract the water-soluble substances. decumbent: spreading horizontally at first, but then growing upwards. decurrent: of a leaf blade, which has its base running, or continuing, along down the stem. decussate: of leaves arranged in pairs along a stem, where each pair is set at right-angles to the pair above and below it. dehiscent: splitting open to release seeds, pollen, or spores. (opposite: indehiscent) deltoid: shaped like an equal-sided triangle. demataceous hyphomycetes: fungi resembling the genus Dematium, having a felted layer of hypaebearing perithecia. dendritic/dendroid: tree-like; resembling the shape of a tree; having a branched appearance. dentate (of a margin): prominently toothed, the teeth directed outwards. denticulate: finely toothed. determinate (of an inflorescence): with a bud or flower terminating the growth of the main axis (compare indeterminate). di- (prefix): two-. dichotomous: forking regularly into two equal branches. digitate: with 3 to 9 leaflets radiating from a central point, or the end of the leaf stalk (petiole); also termed digitately compound. dioecious: with unisexual flowers, the male and the female flowers on separate plants (compare monoecious). disc: (1) an enlargement of the receptacle within the calyx or within the corolla or stamens, usually in the form of a ring, cup or cushion, often lobed or even cut up into so-called (nectary) glands; (2) disc floret: the central florets as compared with the ray florets in a head of the Asteraceae. discolorous: of a leaf in which the two surfaces are unlike in colour (compare concolorous). distichous: regularly arranged one above the other in two opposite rows, one on each side of the stem or rachis. divaricate: widely divergent or spreading in different directions, and often horizontal. domatia: a cavity formed by a plant (usually on the underside of a leaf), in which live minute insects or mites, apparently living in symbiosis with the plant. double compound: see compound. drip-tip: an elongation of the tip of a leaf, which helps shed water from the leaf surface, particularly in high-rainfall, tropical areas where continually wet leaves may lead to the development of leaf diseases. drupe: a fleshy fruit with a single hard seed or stone. E e- (prefix): often implying absence of something, e.g. in ebracteate, eglandular. ebracteate: without bracts. eglandular: having no glands. elliptic: usually said of a leaf, which tapers to both ends and is widest about the middle. emarginate: of a leaf with a notch in the tip or apex. endemic: having a natural distribution confined to a particular geographical region. entire: said of a leaf, which has a continuous margin, not broken by teeth or lobes. epi- (prefix): on, upon, above, over. epicalyx: a series of small bracts growing out from below the sepals or calyx, sometimes more prominent than the sepals. epigynous: applied to the flower when the sepals, petals, and stamens are apparently borne above the ovary, the latter being enclosed in an adnate receptacle or calyx tube (compare hypogynous, perigynous). epilithic: growing on rocks (= lithophytic). epiphyte (adj. epiphytic): a plant that grows on another plant, but without deriving nourishment from it, i.e. not parasitic, as some ferns and orchids growing on trees. ex- (prefix): often implying absence of something, e.g. exstipulate. excurrent: extending beyond the apex or margin of a leaf into a mucro or awn. exindusiate: lacking an indusium (compare indusiate). exotic: not indigenous or native; an introduced plant. 370 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

127 GLOSSARY exstipulate: without stipules. extra-floral nectary: a nectary that is found in some place other than the flower; (in this book): at the base of leaflets in the legumes, and of leaves in some other families. F falcate: curved like a scythe. family: a group of one to many genera, believed to be related phylogenetically, usually clearly separable from other such groups; the major taxonomic group between genus and order. fascicled: of leaves or flowers that arise in numbers from a single point on the stem. filament: see anther. filiform: slender, thread-like. fistular: hollow throughout its length, like a pipe, but closed at the ends. flabellate: fan-like. flexuose/flexuous: zigzag or bent alternately in opposite directions. floral: belonging to, or associated with a flower. floret: small, individual flowers that make up a (dense) inflorescence, as those in the heads of Asteraceae or the spikelets of Poaceae. flower: the sexual, reproductive structure of angiosperms, typically consisting of gynoecium, androecium, and perianth, and the axis/receptacle bearing these parts. fluted: of a tree trunk, which develops vertical grooves that run the length of the trunk; an adaptation to increase trunk strength in tall, slender trees. foliolate: having leaflets, usually preceded by the number of leaflets, e.g. 3- foliolate (= trifoliate). The term foliate is of more colloquial usage than foliolate, and is used in this work. follicle: a many-seeded, dry fruit, derived from a single carpel and splitting down one side, e.g. one lobe of a pod of Sterculia. forb: a non-woody plant other than a grass, sedge, rush, etc. (compare herb). forest: a vegetation type composed primarily of large trees with overlapping canopies, under which a small tree layer, a shrub stratum, and a herb layer characteristically occur. free: neither adhering, nor united; free-basal placenta: one in which the ovules are attached to a central column arising from the base of the ovary cavity and not reaching the top, e.g. in Primulaceae; free-central placenta: the same, but reaching to the top of the cavity, e.g. in most Caryophyllaceae. frond: the leaf of a fern. fruit: a dry or fleshy structure, developed from the ovary and containing one or many seeds. fusiform: spindle-shaped, thick, but tapering towards each end. G gall: an abnormal growth caused by infestation of a plant part by an insect or disease organism. gamopetalous: with the petals united, either entirely or at the base into a tube, cup, or ring (see also choripetalous, sympetalous; compare polypetalous). gamosepalous: with united sepals. gemma (pl. gemmae): a small, usually cellular, asexual reproductive body which becomes detached from the parent organism and develops into a new individual, especially in ferns, mosses, liverworts, and some fungi. gemmiferous: bearing gemmae. geniculate: bent like a knee. genus (pl. genera): a group of species believed to be related phylogenetically and usually clearly separable from other such groups, or a single species without close relatives; the major taxonomic rank between species and family. glabrescent: becoming glabrous or nearly so. glabrous: without hairs. gland: an organ or cell secreting a substance such as sugary sap, salt, or water. glaucous: bluish-green, or covered with a waxy bloom. globose: of a 3-dimensional object (such as a fruit), which is almost spherical. glochidium (pl. glochidia; adj. glochidiate): barbed bristle or hooked hair. glomerule (adj. glomerulate): a small, compact cluster. glume: a bract, usually chaffy, in the spikelets of Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and similar plants. geoxylic: of a woody plant with numerous stems arising from a subterranean rhizome. grassland: a vegetation type dominated by grasses. When a certain quantity of trees is present, it is termed a wooded grassland. gregarious: growing in groups or colonies. gymnosperm: a seed plant with the ovules borne on the surface of a sporophyll (compare angiosperm). gynoecium: the female part of the flower, consisting, when complete, of ovary, style, and stigma; also called pistil. H habitat: the environment in which a plant or animal lives. hastate: applied to the base of a leaf when it has two more or less triangular lobes diverging laterally. head: a dense inflorescence of sessile, or nearly sessile flowers on a compound receptacle (see also capitulum). helicoid: coiled; (of a cymose inflorescence): branching repeatedly on the same side. herb: a non-woody plant. Large as well as small plants may be herbaceous. herbaceous: with non-woody stems as opposed to woody stems. heterogamous: of different sexes; (of a flowerhead, as in some Asteraceae): having two kinds of florets, including ray florets, which are neuter or unisexual, and disc florets, which are bisexual; of spikelet pairs in Poaceae: consisting of a sterile and a female-fertile spikelet (compare homogamous). heteromorphic: of different forms. hirsute: with rather coarse, stiff hairs (compare villous). hirsutulous: minutely hirsute. hispid: bristly pubescent. hispidulous: minutely hispid. hoary: covered with white or greyish white, very short, closely interwoven hairs. holotype: a single specimen designated by the author as the type specimen. homogamous: applied to a flowerhead/capitulum with all the flowers of the same kind; or to spikelet pairs in Poaceae that are of the same sexuality (compare heterogamous). host: an organism on which a parasite lives and by which it is nourished (also applied, loosely, to a plant supporting an epiphyte). hyaline: almost transparent. hypanthium (pl. hypanthia): a cup or tube bearing floral parts above the base, and often above the top of the ovary of a flower, e.g. in many Myrtales or Onagraceae (see also calyx tube). hypogynous: having the flower parts attached below the base of the ovary and free from it; flowers with this arrangement have a superior ovary (compare epigynous, perigynous). I imbricate: overlapping. imparipinnate: of a pinnate leaf bearing a single terminal leaflet at the end of the central axis or rachis. indehiscent: see dehiscent. indeterminate: (1) (of an inflorescence): the lateral or lower flowers mature first, while the primary axis continues to grow, hence the terminal flower is the last to open, and it is therefore a racemose inflorescence (compare cymose) (2) (of growth): (= monopodial) the condition in which the terminal bud persists and produces successive lateral branches. indigenous: naturally-occurring in a particular, defined area; synonymous with native, which sadly is a fine term that is politically-sensitive in South Africa. indurated: hardened. indusiate: having an indusium (compare exindusiate). indusium: a flap of tissue covering a sorus on a fern leaf. inferior: beneath or below, as in a calyx, which is below the ovary, the latter then being superior; as in an ovary, which appears to be below the calyx, the latter being adherent to the ovary. inflorescence: a flowering shoot bearing more than one flower, arranged in various patterns (see also spike, raceme, panicle, umbel). insectivorous: catching, and presumably feeding on, insects. Plants of the Nyika Plateau 371

128 GLOSSARY interpetiolar: literally between petioles, referring to an organ borne on the node between the petiole bases of opposite leaves; especially of the interpetiolar stipules characteristic of all members of the family Rubiaceae. introrse: applied to an anther opening towards the centre of the flower. involucel: a small involucre; the involucre of a secondary umbel. involucre/involucrum (adj. involucral): a number of bracts, e.g. those surrounding the base of a flowerhead/capitulum or of an umbel. involute: having the edges of the leaves rolled towards the adaxial surface (compare revolute). irregular (of a flower, calyx or corolla): bilaterally symmetrical, symmetrical about one plane only, usually the plane that bisects the flower vertically along the longitudinal axis; (= zygomorphic) (compare actinomorphic, regular). isotype: duplicate of the holotype. J jugate: coupled or yoked together, applied especially to the leaflets of a pinnate leaf. K keel: (syn. carina): a ridge like the keel of a boat; in Fabaceae a boat-shaped structure formed by the fusion of the two anterior petals. keeled: ridged along the middle of a flat or convex surface. kloof: a deep valley, ravine, or gorge. kranz anatomy: the concentric arrangement of bundle sheath cells typical of C-4 plants. L labellum: a lip. lacinia (pl. laciniae): a slender lobe. laciniate: cut into slender, pointed lobes. lacinulate: finely laciniate. lamina: the flattened part of a leaf. lanceolate: of a leaf, which is narrowly lance-shaped and widest at about one-third from the base. lateral veins: the main veins arising from, or branching off, the midrib. (= side veins or secondary veins) latex: a copious exudate or sap from a damaged plant, particularly a milky sap, e.g. Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae. lax: loose or floppy, sometimes drooping. leaf apex: the tip or point of a leaf, the opposite end from the petiole or stalk. leaf axis: the central line of the leaf, usually the rachis or midrib of a leaf. leaflet: a separate unit of a compound leaf. leaf-opposed: said of an organ (flower, spine or tendril) that is situated at the node opposite a leaf. lectotype: specimen chosen to act as a type from the syntypes. legume: any plant belonging to the large family Leguminosae (in recent times usually broken down into the families Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Fabaceae); also a colloquial term applied to plants with a bean-like pod. lemma: the lower of two bracts enclosing the florets of Poaceae. lenticel: very small, corky dots in the young bark (periderm) of a stem or twig through which gases and moisture are expelled. liana/liane: a woody climber with rope-like stems. ligule: (1) a thin, membranous and/or hairy appendage at the top of the leaf sheath as in Poaceae; (2) the limb of ray florets in Asteraceae. limb: the upper, usually expanded part of the calyx or corolla above the tube, throat, or claw. linear: usually of a very narrow leaf with parallel sides and at least 4 5 times as long as broad. lip: (1) one of two divisions of a gamosepalous calyx or a gamopetalous corolla when it is cleft into an upper (posterior) and a lower (anterior) portion (see bilabiate); (2) of an orchid: the lowest petal (the inner median perianth lobe), usually enlarged and different in form from the two lateral ones (= labellum). lithophyte (adj. lithophytic): a plant that grows on rocks (= epilithic). lobe: one of the parts into which a flattened plant member (usually a leaf) is cut, when the parts are too large and distinct to be called teeth, but not completely separated from one another. locule: a chamber of an ovary or an anther. M mericarp: a segment of a fruit that splits away as a perfect fruit itself. midrib: the main vein that runs down the centre of a leaf. miombo: a native term widely used in south tropical Africa to describe a deciduous woodland type dominated by members of the genus Brachystegia (Caesalpiniaceae) and other closely related genera, such as Julbernardia, Isoberlinia and Berlinia. moniliform: like a string of beads. mono- (prefix): one; single. monocarpic: applied to a plant that flowers and fruits only once and then dies (compare polycarpic). monoecious: with male and female flowers, separate but borne on the same individual plant. monopodial (of growth): with a persistent terminal growing point producing many lateral organs successively (compare sympodial). montane: of the mountains. mucilage (adj. mucilaginous): a gelatinous substance that absorbs water and increases in bulk. mucro: a short, sharp, and very fine point borne on the tip of the leaf. mucronate: ending abruptly in a short, stiff point, which is a continuation of the midrib. mucronulate: finely mucronate. muricate: rough, with short, hard tubercles or pointed protuberances. muriculate: finely muricate. N -nate (suffix): indicating the number of parts in a group, e.g. leaves 3-nate = three leaves in a group or cluster. naturalised: introduced from another region, reproducing freely from seed, and competing successfully with indigenous plants. neotype: specimen chosen to act as a type when the original material has been lost. nerves: the principal or more conspicuous ribs of a leaf, which start from the midrib and diverge or branch throughout the blade; the smaller branches are veins. net venation: the very fine veins of the leaf, usually all joining one another and forming a network. node: the point on a stem where the leaf or leaves emerge. nut: a dry, hard, usually one-seed indehiscent (non-splitting) fruit. nutlet: a little nut. O ob- (prefix): inverse or inversely, e.g. obovate = inversely ovate. obcordate: more or less heart-shaped, but with the narrow end below, and the broad end deeply notched. oblanceolate: of a narrow leaf resembling an inverted lance, widest twothirds up from the base (above the middle). obovate: of a leaf shape, roughly shaped like an inverted egg, widest in the upper half. obtuse: blunt or rounded at the end. -oid (suffix): indicates likeness, resemblance or similarity; or something having the form or nature of something else; e.g. racemoid: resembling a raceme; petaloid: resembling a petal. opposite: said of leaves inserted in pairs at each node, with a leaf on each side of the stem. orbicular: flat with a circular outline. ovary: the hollow basal portion of a flower bearing the seed or seeds, sometimes divided into two or more chambers or locules. ovate: of a leaf shape, roughly egg-shaped in outline, widest in the lower half. ovule: the young developing seed in an ovary. P palea (pl. paleae; adj. paleate): (1) one of the chaffy scales or thin colourless bracts amongst the flowers on the receptacle, in Asteraceae; (2) the inner of two bracts enclosing the floret, in Poaceae. 372 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

129 GLOSSARY pallid: pale in colour. palmate: of a leaf shape resembling the palm of a hand, with 3 or more lobes radiating from a central portion of the lamina. palmatisect (of a leaf): palmately divided down to the midrib. pandurate/panduriform: fiddle-shaped. panicle: an inflorescence, which is a branched raceme, each branch bearing a raceme of flowers. papilionaceous/papilionoid: applied to flowers with a butterfly-like appearance, as in many Papilionoideae Fabaceae and Polygalaceae. papilla (pl. papillae): a soft, nipple-shaped protuberance; a type of trichome. papillate: having papillae. pappus: the ring of hairs or scales around the top of the fruit (as in Asteraceae) and perhaps representing the calyx limb. parasite: an organism living on, or in a different organism and deriving nourishment from it (compare epiphyte, saprophyte). paripinnate: said of a compound leaf, which bears no terminal leaflet, i.e. has an even number of leaflets. pectinate: like a comb. pedicel (adj. pedicellate/pedicelled): the stalk of an individual flower. peduncle (adj. pedunculate/ peduncled/peduncular): the stalk of an inflorescence; the common stalk (rachis or axis) of several pedicellate or sessile flowers. pellucid: translucent. peltate: usually of a round leaf, where the petiole arises from the centre of the leaf, rather than from the edge of the leaf. pendent/pendulous (of ovules): arising on, and hanging down from an apical placenta. perianth: the floral envelope that includes the calyx and the corolla; a term mainly applied to these organs in the Monocotyledonae (bulbs, grasses, orchids, etc.). perennial: lasting all year, not dying back in winter. perigynous: applied to the flower when the sepals, petals, and stamens arise on an open receptacle surrounding the ovary, but are not adnate to it (compare epigynous, hypogynous). persistent: remaining attached, not falling off. petal: one lobe of the corolla, the showy and often colourful part of a flower. petaloid/petaline: resembling petals. petiole (adv. petiolate): the stalk of a leaf. petiolule: the stalk of a leaflet. photosynthetic: of a green plant part in which the process of photosynthesis takes place, whereby plants generate carbohydrates from water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight with the aid of the green pigment chlorophyll. phyllary: an individual bract of the involucre, e.g. in the inflorescence of Asteraceae. phyllode: a flattened, leaf-like petiole, which takes on the functions of a leaf. pilose: with long, shaggy hairs. pinna (pl. pinnae): a single unit of a leaf that is once-divided, or a pinnate leaf; see also leaflet. pinnate: said of a leaf that is once-divided and having leaflets arranged in two ranks on opposite sides of the rachis; also termed pinnately compound. pinnately compound: see pinnate. pinnatifid: said of a leaf blade that is cut about half-way to the midrib. pinnatipartite: pinnately divided almost to the midrib. pinnatisect: pinnately divided down to the midrib. pinnule: a single unit of a twice-divided (2-pinnate) leaf. pistil: see gynoecium. placenta: the part of the ovary that is sometimes, but not always, thickened or raised, and to which the ovules are attached (see also free). plicate: folded back and forth longitudinally like a fan. pod: a dry fruit formed from a single carpel; often a term applied to the hard fruit of the legumes, usually containing several seeds. polycarpic: applied to a plant that flowers and fruits often (compare monocarpic). polypetalous: of flowers with petals that are free from each other (compare gamopetalous). posterior: in position nearest to the axis (compare anterior/anticous). posticous: on the posterior side, next to the axis (compare anticous). prickle: a sharp outgrowth from the bark or surface layer, containing no conducting tissue. procumbent: trailing or lying on the ground without rooting at the nodes. prophyll: a leaf formed at the base of a shoot, usually smaller than those formed subsequently. prostrate (syn. procumbent): trailing to lying on the ground without rooting at the nodes. protuberance: a bulge or swelling. pseudobulb: a solid, above-ground, thickened or bulbiform stem, characteristic of some orchids. pseudopetiole: the narrowed portion of the leaf located between the ligule(s) and the blade in Poaceae and in some Cyperaceae. pseudostem: an apparent stem, which is actually a cylinder formed by overlapping leaf bases. puberulous: slightly pubescent. pubescent: covered with soft, short, erect hairs. pulvinus: the swollen base of a petiole, or a swollen area on the petiole below the point of attachment of the leaf blade. pustule (adj. pustulate): a slight elevation like a pimple or blister. pyrophyte: a plant adapted to survive severe fires. Q quoad: as to, with respect to. R raceme (adj. racemose): an indeterminate inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels along an unbranched axis or peduncle, the terminal flowers being the youngest and last to open (centripetal development). rachilla (pl. rachillae): (1) the rachis (axis) of the spikelet in Cyperaceae and Poaceae; (2) a secondary axis, as in a compound leaf. rachis (pl. rachises or rachides) (= rhachis): (1) the axis of an inflorescence in which flower stalks occur at short intervals from each other, as in Poaceae; (2) the axis of a pinnately compound leaf, corresponding to the midrib of a simple leaf. ray: (1) the florets of the margin of a flowerhead of the Asteraceae when different from those of the centre or disc; (2) one of the radiating branches of an umbel. receptacle: the enlarged end of the flower stalk (pedicel) on which the flower parts are borne. recurved: bent or curved backwards. regular (= actinomorphic) (of a flower, calyx or corolla): radially symmetrical, i.e. capable of being dissected into similar halves in more than one vertical plane forming mirror images (compare irregular, zygomorphic). reniform: kidney-shaped. reticulate: having a network-like pattern; net-veined, with the smallest veins of a leaf connected together like the meshes of a net. retrorse: bent abruptly backwards, away from the apex (compare antrorse). revolute: rolled back from the margin (compare involute). rhachilla: see rachilla. rhizome (adj. rhizomatous): a rootstock or root-like stem prostrate on or under the ground, sending rootlets downwards, and branches, leaves, or flowering shoots upwards, always distinguished from a true root by the presence of buds, leaves, or scales. rhombic: a shape of four equal sides, but with unequal angles, i.e. a squashed square. riparian: growing by rivers or streams. rootstock: a short, swollen structure at the junction of the root and the shoot system of a plant. rosette: a crowded, circular cluster of leaves or other organs. rosulate: with the leaves in a circle or rosette. rotund: with a shape between orbicular and broadly elliptic. rugose: wrinkled; covered with coarse reticulate lines. rugula (pl. rugulae): a fine wrinkle or fold, e.g. in the upper lip of some Acanthaceae. rugulose: finely wrinkled. runner: a slender, prostrate or trailing stem, which produces roots and sometimes erect shoots at its nodes (compare stolon). Plants of the Nyika Plateau 373

130 GLOSSARY S saccate: pouched. sagittate: applied to the base of a leaf or an anther with two acute, straight lobes directed downwards like in an arrow-head. samara: an indehiscent winged fruit, e.g. Combretum or Terminalia. saprophyte: an organism deriving its nourishment from dead organic matter and usually lacking chlorophyll (compare epiphyte, parasite). saxicolous: living or growing among, or on rocks. scaberulous/scabrellous: minutely scabrous, slightly rough to the touch. scabrid/scabrous: rough to the touch, usually from the presence of very short, harsh hairs. scalloped: said of a leaf margin having rounded teeth. scandent: climbing. scapose: with a solitary flower on a leafless peduncle or scape, usually arising from a basal rosette. scarious: thin and dry, not green. scorpioid (of a cymose inflorescence): with the main axis coiled in bud, the flowers being usually 2-ranked, i.e. with single flowers alternately right and left (compare helicoid). scutate: like a small shield. secondary veins: see lateral veins. secund: with parts or organs (branches, leaves or flowers) all directed to one side. sepal: a segment of the calyx; a calyx-lobe. serrate: set with fine teeth, usually applied to a leaf margin. serrulate: serrate with minute teeth. sessile: without a stalk. seta (pl. setae): a bristle or stiff hair. setaceous: having bristle-like hairs; bristly. setiferous: bearing setae. setiform: looking like a seta. setose: beset with bristles. shrub: a woody, perennial plant with two to several stems arising from near the ground; compare to a tree. shrub stratum: the layer in a forest or woodland below the tree canopy that is dominated by shrubs; see also shrub and canopy. side veins: see lateral veins. simple: of a leaf, which is undivided or, if lobed, then less than half way to the midrib. sori: the clusters of spore-bearing bodies on the underside of a fern frond, normally appearing as small brown lines or dots. spadix (pl. spadices): a flower spike with a fleshy or thickened axis, e.g. in Araceae and some palms (Arecaceae). spathe (adj. spathaceous/spatheate): a large bract enclosing a spadix, or one or more bracts enclosing a flower or inflorescence. spatheole: a secondary spathe within a compound inflorescence in the Andropogoneae Poaceae. spathulate: of a leaf shape, which is bulbous towards the end, like the shape of a spatula. spicate: arranged in a spike. spike: an inflorescence with a single, unbranched axis bearing stalkless (sessile) flowers. spikelet: a small spike, composed of one or more flowers enclosed by glumes, in Cyperaceae and Poaceae. spine: a hard, straight, slender and sharply-pointed structure, usually a modified leaf or stipule. sporangium (pl. sporangia): a hollow, unicellular or multicellular, sac-like, spore-producing structure. sporophyll: a modified leaf or leaf-like structure that bears sporangia. spur: a short, stubby side-branch bearing a cluster of leaves and/or the flowers and fruit. stamen (adj. staminal): in angiosperms, the pollen-producing structure in a flower usually consisting of an anther and a filament. staminal column: see androphore. stellate: resembling a star in shape; (of hairs): with several arms radiating horizontally. stigma: the tip of the female stigma in a flower; the receptive portion of the style on which germinate the pollen grains. stipe: the stalk or petiole of a fern frond. stipule: a basal appendage to a leaf or a petiole, often leafy and photosynthetic, frequently enclosing and protecting the developing leaf bud. stolon: a runner, which roots. stoloniferous: bearing stolons. striate: marked with parallel longitudinal lines, grooves, or ridges. strigose: with short, stiff hairs lying close along the surface. style: in a flower the stalk bearing the stigma, borne on the ovary. stylopodium: a disc-like enlargement of the base of the style (e.g. in some Brassicaceae). sub-: a prefix denoting almost or approaching a particular state. subulate (awl-shaped): narrow and tapering gradually to a fine point. succulent: thick, fleshy, often with water-storing tissue; usually an adaptation to withstand long periods of drought such as found in arid regions. sucker: see coppice. suffrutescent: like a suffrutex. suffrutex (pl. suffrutices): a woody perennial plant with a large underground stem, which produces annual aerial flowering shoots that persist for one to a few years. Also sometimes termed an underground tree. sulcate: grooved. superior: applied to an ovary when the sepals, petals, and stamens are inserted below it (hypogynous); also when the receptacle bearing the calyx, corolla, and stamens is prolonged so as to be separate from the ovary, but forms a cup surrounding it (perigynous) (compare inferior). sympetalous: having petals that are partly or completely fused (syn. choripetalous, gamopetalous) (compare polypetalous). sympodial (of growth): without a single persisting growing point; changing direction by frequent replacement of the growing apex by a lateral growing point below it (compare monopodial). syntype: any one of two or more specimens cited by the author when no holotype was designated, or any one of two or more specimens simultaneously designated as types. T taxon (pl. taxa): any unit of classification into which a living organism fits, e.g. a family, genus, species, subspecies, or variety. tendril: a slender, twining organ, usually a modified leaf or stipule, which enables a plant to climb by hooking onto other plants. terete: cylindrical, circular in transverse section. ternate: arranged in a whorl or cluster of three. tertiary venation: the fine net-veining situated throughout a leaf between the secondary veins (also known as lateral veins or side veins); only sometimes visible to the naked eye. tessellate: having colours or surface-divisions in regularly arranged squares or patches; chequered, reticulated. tetra- (prefix): four-. tetragonous/tetragonal: four-angled. thorn: a curved spine; sometimes a term applied to a sharply-pointed branch. tomentellous: covered with dense, matted hairs. tomentose: covered in a dense mat of minute short hairs. topotype: a specimen of a named taxon collected, usually later, from the original type locality, or the area from where the species was described. tree: a woody, perennial plant, normally with a single stem or bole and a distinct upper crown. tri- (prefix): three; thrice. triad: a group of three. trichome: an epidermal outgrowth, such as a hair or scale. trichotomous: forking regularly into three. trifoliate: a leaf with 3 leaflets, more correctly termed 3-foliolate. trigonous: triangular in cross section and with obtuse angles (compare triquetrous). triquetrous: triangular in cross section and with acute angles, therefore with three distinct longitudinal ridges (compare trigonous). trullate: trowel-shaped; having its widest axis below the middle and with straight margins. truncate: apparently cut off abruptly; of a leaf base that is square-cut. truss: a cluster of flowers or fruit growing on a single stalk. tubercle: a small, wart-like outgrowth. tuberculate: covered with wart-like protuberances or knobs. twiner: a small and slender climber. 374 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

131 GLOSSARY U umbel: an inflorescence with numerous stalked flowers arising from a single point; each flower may be similarly-divided to form a compound umbel. undulate: wavy, usually applied to a leaf margin. uni- (prefix): one-. urticate: to cause a burning or itching sensation. V vallecular: pertaining to the grooves between the ridges, as in the fruits of Asteraceae and Apiaceae. valvate: of a dry capsule, which releases its seeds via a door-like flap. venation: the veins of a leaf. verrucose: warty. verruculose: finely warty. verticil: a whorl or circular arrangement of similar parts around an axis, at the same level. vescicle: a small sac or cavity; a spherical body. vescicular: pertaining to, having or composed of vescicles. villous: beset with long, weak hairs (compare hirsute). virgate: with many long, slender, straight, ascending, almost parallel stems. viscid: sticky, glutinous. vitta (pl. vittae): aromatic oil tubes in the fruit of some Apiaceae. W whorl: where a number of organs (often leaves) arise from a single point or level. wing: a flattened outgrowth from a fruit or seed that assists in the winddisperal of the seed or fruit. woodland: a vegetation type composed largely of trees, where the crowns of the trees are well-spaced apart, or just touching, with only a herb layer beneath the canopy; compare to forest. X xeromorphic (of plants or plant parts): having characteristics that serve as protection against excessive loss of moisture. xerophyte (adj. xerophytic): a plant that is adapted to dry or arid habitats. Z zygomorphic: applied to flowers that are bilaterally symmetrical, i.e. capable of being bisected into identical halves in one plane only, forming mirror images; (= irregular) (compare actinomorphic, regular). Plants of the Nyika Plateau 375

132 References and further reading REFERENCES ANONYMOUS Nyika National Park Wildlife Research Unit: List of herbarium plants. Unpublished report. 9 pp. ANTONIN, V New species of Marasmius (Basidiomycetes, Tricholomataceae) from tropical Africa 1. Sect. Epiphilli, Fusicystides, Globulares, Hygrometrici and Neosessiles. Mycotaxon 85: BADEN, C. 1981a. New taxa in Anisotes (Acanthaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 1,1: BADEN, C. 1981b. The genus Macrorungia (Acanthaceae), a taxonomic revision. Nordic Journal of Botany 1,2: BADEN, C. 1981c. The genus Anisotes (Acanthaceae), a taxonomic revision. Nordic Journal of Botany 1,5: BADEN, C Metarungia, a valid name for Macrorungia auctt. (Acanthaceae). Kew Bulletin 39,3: 638. BADEN, C., BALKWILL, K., GETLIFFE NORRIS, F.M., IMMELMAN, K.L., MANNING, J.C. & MUNDAY, J Acanthaceae. In: O.A. Leistner (ed.), Flora of southern Africa 30,3,1: BAKER, J.G Diagnoses Africanae, X. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 128 & 129: BAKER, J.G Diagnoses Africanae, XI. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 139: BAKER, J.G Labiatae. In: W.T. Thiselton-Dyer (ed.), Flora of Tropical Africa 5: Reeve, London. BAKER, J.G. & STAPF, O Verbenaceae (in part). In: W.T. Thiselton- Dyer (ed.), Flora of Tropical Africa 5: Reeve, Kent. BALKWILL, K A synopsis of Peristrophe (Acanthaceae) in southern Africa. Bothalia 26: BALKWILL, K. & GETLIFFE NORRIS, F.M Taxonomic studies in the Acanthaceae: Hypoestes in southern Africa. South African Journal of Botany 51: BALKWILL, K., GETLIFFE NORRIS, F. & BALKWILL, M-J Systematic studies in the Acanthaceae: Dicliptera in southern Africa. Kew Bulletin 51,1: BALKWILL, K. & WELMAN, W.G Acanthaceae. In: O.A. Leistner (ed.), Seed plants of southern Africa: families and genera. Strelitzia 10. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. BANDA, E.A.K. & MORRIS, B Common weeds of Malawi. University of Malawi, Zomba. 176 pp. BEARD, J.S The genus Protea in tropical Africa. Kirkia 3: BEARD, J.S The proteas of tropical Africa. Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst. 112 pp. BEENTJE, H Kenya trees, shrubs and lianas. National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi. 722 pp. BEENTJE, H.J., HIND, D.J.N. & MESFIN TADESSE. Undated. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Compositae Part 3. Heliantheae. Unpublished manuscript. BENSON, C.W The Nyika Plateau and its faunistic significance. Oryx 2: BINGHAM, M.G Edward Robinson s contribution to Zambian Botany. Kirkia 18,1: BINNS, B A first checklist of the herbaceous flora of Malawi. Government Printer, Zomba. 113 pp. BINNS, B Dictionary of plant names in Malawi. The Government Printer, Zomba, Malawi. 184 pp. BOLNICK, D A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions. Macmillan Education Ltd, London & Basingstoke. 74 pp. BRASS, L.J Plant-hunting in Nyasaland and botanical notes on some other parts of Africa. III. Plateau, lakeshore, and valley in Nyasaland. Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 49: BRASS, L.J Vegetation of Nyasaland: Report on the Vernay Nyasaland Expedition of Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 8,3: BRENAN, J.P.M. & COLLABORATORS Plants collected by the Vernay Nyasaland Expedition of Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 8,3: BRENAN, J.P.M. & COLLABORATORS Plants collected by the Vernay Nyasaland Expedition of Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 8,5: BRENAN, J.P.M. & COLLABORATORS Plants collected by the Vernay Nyasaland Expedition of Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 9: BRENAN, J.P.M Commelinaceae. Flora of Tropical West Africa 3,1,172: BRIDSON, D.M The reinstatement of Psydrax (Rubiaceae, subfam. Cinchonoideae, tribe Vanguerieae) and a revision of the African species. Kew Bulletin 40,4: BRIDSON, D.M The reinstatement of the African genus Keetia (Rubiaceae, subfam. Cinchonoidae, tribe Vanguerieae). Kew Bulletin 41,4: BRUMMITT, R.K Systematic list of Nyika botanical collections. In: A.H.M. Synge (ed.), Wye College 1972 Malawi Project Final Report. Wye College, University of London. BRUMMITT, R.K Notes arising from the Wye College expedition to Malawi. Kew Bulletin 31,1: BRUMMITT, R.K The Malawi Connection. In: F.N. Hepper (ed.), Plant hunting for Kew. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp BRUMMITT, R.K A new combination for a Malawian Peristrophe (Acanthaceae). Kew Bulletin 46,2: 290. BRUMMITT, R.K Vascular plant families and genera. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 804 pp. BRUMMITT, R.K Inclusion of Clematopsis Hutch. in Clematis L. (Ranunculaceae). Kew Bulletin 55: BRUMMITT, R.K. & POWELL, C.E. (eds) Authors of plant names. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 732 pp. BRUMMITT, R.K. & SEYANI, J.H A revision of the species related to Plectranthus stenophyllus (Labiatae) in Malawi. Kew Bulletin 42,1: BUKENYA, Z.R. & CARASCO, J.F Solanum (Solanaceae) in Uganda. Bothalia 25,1: BURKILL, I.H. & CLARKE, C.B Acanthaceae. In: W.T. Thiselton- Dyer (ed.), Flora of Tropical Africa 5: Reeve, London. BURKILL, I.H. & CLARKE, C.B Acanthaceae. In: W.T. Thiselton- Dyer (ed.), Flora of Tropical Africa 5: Reeve, London. BURROWS, J.E Southern African ferns and fern allies. Frandsen Publishers, Sandton. 359 pp. BURROWS, J. [J.E.] The conundrum of the African Pencil Cedar in south central Africa. Veld & Flora 81,1: 8 9. BURROWS, J.E A review of the important pteridophyte habitats in Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique; the threats and action required to protect them. Unpublished report. 15 pp. BURROWS, J.E Ophioglossum. In: H. Beentje (ed.), Flora of Tropical East Africa, Ophioglossaceae: Balkema, Rotterdam/ Brookfield. BURROWS, J.E. & BURROWS, S.M An annotated checklist of the pteridophytes of Malawi. Kirkia 14,1: BURROWS, J.E. & BURROWS, S.M Figs of southern and southcentral Africa. Umdaus Press, Pretoria. BURROWS, J.E. & GOLDING, J Fern conservation in south tropical Africa. Fern Gazette 16,6,7 & 8: BURTT DAVY, J. & HOYLE, A.C. (eds) Check list of the forest trees and shrubs of the Nyasaland Protectorate. Government Printer, Zomba. 137 pp. CABLE, S. & CHEEK, M The plants of Mount Cameroon: a conservation checklist. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 198 pp. CANNON, J.F.M Umbelliferae. In: E. Launert (ed.), Flora zambesiaca 4: CARTER, J Malawi: wildlife, parks and reserves. Macmillan Publishers, London. CARTER, S Aloaceae. In: G.V. Pope (ed.), Flora zambesiaca 12,3: Plants of the Nyika Plateau

133 REFERENCES CATER, J.C The Nyika Plateau, Nyasaland. Oryx 2: CATER, J.C The Nyika Plateau, Nyasaland. In: F. Dorward & R. Dorward (eds), The Nyika experience: six memoirs of the Nyika Plateau in northern Malawi between 1950 and The Wildlife Society of Malawi, Malawi. pp CHAPMAN, J.D. & WHITE, F The evergreen forests of Malawi. Commonwealth Forestry Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford. 190 pp. CHEEK, M., ONANA, J-M. & POLLARD, B.J The plants of Mount Oku and the Ijim Ridge, Cameroon: a conservation checklist. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 211 pp. CHIKUNI, A A new species of Achyrospermum Blume (Labiatae) from Malawi. Kew Bulletin 50,3: CHIKUNI, A.C A taxonomic study of Brachystegia Benth. (Caesalpinoideae Leguminosae). Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Oxford, Oxford. CHISUMPA, S.M. & BRUMMITT, R.K Taxonomic notes on tropical African species of Protea. Kew Bulletin 42,4: CLARKE, J.E Principal master plan for National Parks and wildlife management. 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Flora zambesiaca 8,3: DONOVAN, S.E., EGGLETON, P. & MARTIN, A Species composition of termites of the Nyika plateau forests, northern Malawi, over an altitudinal gradient. African Journal of Ecology 40: DORWARD, F. & DORWARD, R. (eds) The Nyika experience: six memoirs of the Nyika Plateau in northern Malawi between 1950 and The Wildlife Society of Malawi, Malawi. 75 pp. DOWSETT-LEMAIRE, F Tinkerbirds and mistletoes on the Nyika Plateau, south-central Africa. The Golden Bough 1: 3. DOWSETT-LEMAIRE, F Ecological and territorial requirements of montane forest birds on the Nyika Plateau, south-central Africa. Gerfaut 73: DOWSETT-LEMAIRE, F The forest vegetation of the Nyika Plateau (Malawi Zambia): ecological and phenological studies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 55: DOWSETT-LEMAIRE, F. 1988a. On the breeding behaviour of three montane sunbirds Nectarinia spp. of northern Malawi. Scopus 11: DOWSETT-LEMAIRE, F. 1988b. Fruit choice and seed dissemination by birds and mammals in the evergreen forests of upland Malawi. Revue d Ecologie (Terre et Vie) 43: DOWSETT-LEMAIRE, F. 1989a. The flora and phytogeography of the evergreen forests of Malawi. 1: Afromontane and mid-altitude forests. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 59: DOWSETT-LEMAIRE, F. 1989b. Food plants and the annual cycle in a montane community of sunbirds (Nectarinia spp.) in northern Malawi. Tauraco 1: DOWSETT-LEMAIRE, F. & DOWSETT, R.J Threats to the evergreen forests of southern Malawi. Oryx 22: DOWSETT-LEMAIRE, F. & WHITE, F New and noteworthy plants from the evergreen forests of Malawi. Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique 60: EXELL, A.W. & HAYES, G.A A list of botanical collectors in the Flora zambesiaca area. Kirkia 6: FADEN, R.B The morphology and taxonomy of Aneilema R.Brown (Commelinaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 76: FANSHAWE, D.B. 1968a. The vegetation of Zambian termitaria. Kirkia 6: FANSHAWE, D.B. 1968b. Fifty common trees of Zambia. Forest Department Bulletin No. 5: FERNANDES, R.B. & VERDCOURT, B Rotheca (Labiatae) revived more new combinations. Kew Bulletin 55: FISCHER, E., POREMBSKI, S. & BARTHLOTT, W Revision of the genus Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) in Africa and Madagascar with notes on ecology and phytogeography. Nordic Journal of Botany 20,3: FRIIS, I Urticaceae. Flora zambesiaca 9,6. FRIIS, I Forests and forest trees of northeast tropical Africa. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XV. GILLETT, J.B Indigofera (Microcharis) in tropical Africa. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 1. GOLDBLATT, P Systematics of Moraea (Iridaceae) in tropical Africa. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 64: GOLDBLATT, P Notes on the systematics of Hesperantha (Iridaceae) in tropical Africa. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73: GOLDBLATT, P Iridaceae. Flora zambesiaca 12,4: GOLDBLATT, P Gladiolus in tropical Africa. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 321 pp. GONÇALVES, M.L. 1987a. Convolvulaceae. Flora zambesiaca 8,1: GONÇALVES, M.L. 1987b. Cuscutaceae. Flora zambesiaca 8,1: GORDON, I.A.D Some reminiscences of the Nyika National Park. In: F. Dorward & R. Dorward (eds), The Nyika experience: six memoirs of the Nyika Plateau in northern Malawi between 1950 and The Wildlife Society of Malawi, Malawi. pp GOYDER, D.J Secamone (Asclepiadaceae subfam. Secamonoideae) in Africa. Kew Bulletin 47,3: GOYDER, D.J Notes on the African genus Glossostelma (Asclepiadaceae). Kew Bulletin 50,3: GOYDER, D.J. 1998a. A revision of Pachycarpus E.Mey. (Asclepiadaceae: Asclepiadeae) in tropical Africa with notes on the genus in southern Africa. Kew Bulletin 53,2: GOYDER, D.J. 1998b. A revision of the African genus Stathmostelma K.Schum. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadeae). Kew Bulletin 53,3: GOYDER, D.J A revision of the tropical African genus Trachycalymma (K.Schum.) Bullock (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae). Kew Bulletin 56,1: GOYDER, D.J. & NICHOLAS, A A revision of Gomphocarpus R.Br. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadeae). Kew Bulletin 56,4: GRAHAM, V.A.W Delimitation and infra-generic classification of Justicia (Acanthaceae). Kew Bulletin 43,4: GRAU, J. & LIPPERT, W The Compositae of the Flora zambesiaca area 11 Astereae (continued). Kirkia 12,1: GREEN, P.S A revision of Olea L. (Oleaceae). Kew Bulletin 57: GREY-WILSON, C Impatiens of Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam. 235 pp. GRIMSHAW, J.M What do we really know about the Afromontane Archipelago? Systematics and Geography of Plants 71,2: HAINES, R.W. & LYE, K.A The sedges and rushes of East Africa. East African Natural History Society, Nairobi. 404 pp. HARGREAVES, B.[B.J.] Euphorbia ingens E.Meyer ex Boiss. in Malawi plus two relatives and a non-relative. The Euphorbia Journal 7: HARGREAVES, B.J Comments on the Threatened Plants Committee s list of taxa endemic to Malawi. 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138 Photo credits Introduction Colour plates PHOTO CREDITS iv vi vi ix x xiv Grasslands of Nyika (C. Willis) View looking towards Mwanda Mountain in the southwestern corner of the Nyika National Park. (C. Willis) Hassam Patel (J. Burrows); Augustine Salubeni (NHBG, Malawi) Kasyaula Forest (R. Dowsett); Manyenjere Forest (R. Dowsett) Nkhonjera Hill (W. Pawek) Rainbow on Nyika (W. Pawek) 1 Drynaria volkensii (J. Burrows) 2 Burchell s zebra, Acacia abyssinica (W. Pawek); Nthakathi Peak (C. Willis) 3 Nganda Peak (C. Willis); Roan antelope (W. Pawek); Chisanga Falls (C. Willis) 4 Vitumbi Road (W. Pawek) 6 Lake Kaulime (C. Willis); Chelinda Bridge (W. Pawek); Mwanda Mountain (C. Willis) 7 Landscape (C. Willis); Dembo River (C. Willis); Lobelia mildbraedii (C. Willis) 8 Miombo (C. Willis); Mwanda Mountain (C. Willis); View from Nthakati Peak (C. Willis); View towards Nganda Hill (C. Willis) 9 Fingira Rock (C. Willis); Dembo River Valley east of Chelinda (C. Willis); Dembo River (C. Willis); Plant collecting near Chisanga Falls (C. Willis) 10 Chelinda River, Chosi Hill, Rukuru Bridge (W. Pawek); SABONET expedition (C. Willis) 11 View to Kawozya (H. Synge); Brass (courtesy of Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA) 12 Elias Banda (R. Brummitt); Frank White (A. Romanowski); Jim Chapman (E. Chapman); Gilbert Reynolds (Aloes of Tropical Africa); Robson (RBG, Kew) 13 Mary Richards (Gomer Press); Edward Robinson (Gomer Press); Dennys Fanshawe (courtesy of Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA); Leslie Vesey- Fitzgerald (HORIZON); Olive Hilliard (RBG, Kew); Bill Burtt (RBG, Kew); Augustine Salubeni (RBG, Kew) 14 Graham Williamson & Adrian Odgers (Chris Mills); Graham Williamson (Aloe); Bryan Simon (source: B. Simon); Jean Pawek (W. Pawek); Pawek collecting on the Nyika (W. Pawek); Moriarty (Anon.); Hassam Patel (NHBG, Malawi); Bruce Hargreaves (Anon.); Dick Brummitt (RBG, Kew) 15 Hugh Synge (Anon.); Eleanor Phillips (W. Pawek); Mike Meadows (Anon.); Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire (R. Dowsett); Isobyl and Eric la Croix (source: I. la Croix) 16 Serena Marner (source: S. Marner); Roger Polhill (RBG, Kew); Gerald Pope (source: G. Pope); Sylvester Chisumpa (G. Pope); David Philcox (G. Pope); David Goyder (RBG, Kew); Bamps (Anon.); Perold (A. Romanowski); Chelinda Camp (S. Burrows) 17 Ernest Tawakali (A. Paton); Alan Paton (RBG, Kew); Zambian Rest House (N. Robson); Hassam Patel alongside a field vehicle (C. Willis); Wall of plant presses (C. Willis); Patel recording plant specimen information (C. Willis) 18 Sawi River gorge (H. Synge); Paweks & Phillips (W. Pawek); Acacia abyssinica (W. Pawek); SABONET expedition (P. Winter); Group photo (SABONET) 19 Acacia abyssinica grove (C. Willis) 1 Adiantum reniforme (J. Burrows); Vittaria guineensis var. orientalis (J. Burrows); Drynaria volkensii (J. Burrows); Asplenium loxoscaphoides (J. Burrows); Asplenium megalura (J. Burrows); Forest scene (W. Pawek); Juniperus procera (J. Burrows) 2 Helichrysum tillandsiifolium (W. Pawek); Tylophora erubescens (J. Burrows); Helichrysum forskahlii var. forskahlii (H. Synge); Gerbera piloselloides (H. Synge); Vernonia praemorsa (W. Pawek); Impatiens sp. A (W. Pawek); Impatiens gomphophylla subsp. gomphophylla (J. Burrows); Impatiens polyantha (J. Burrows); Impatiens tinctoria subsp. latifolia (J. Burrows) 3 Brachystegia longifolia (H. Synge); Isoberlinia angolensis (H. Synge); Julbernardia globiflora (H. Synge); Crassula alba var. alba (C. Willis); Acacia abyssinica (W. Pawek); Erythrina abyssinica (W. Pawek); Uapaca robynsii (H. Synge); Kotschya recurvifolia (H. Synge); Streptocarpus solenanthus (J. Burrows); Streptocarpus wittei (W. Pawek) 4 Pycnostachys schliebenii (H. Synge); Tetradenia riparia (H. Synge); Lobelia giberroa (H. Synge); Lobelia stricklandiae (J. Burrows); Scutellaria schweinfurthii subsp. pauciflora (W. Pawek); Lobelia trullifolia subsp. trullifolia (H. Synge); Dissotis melleri (H. Synge); Dissotis princeps var. princeps (H. Synge); Oxalis chapmaniae (J. Burrows); Lobelia mildbraedii (J. Burrows) 5 Protea angolensis var. angolensis (J. Burrows); Protea angolensis var. divaricata (H. Synge); Protea heckmanniana subsp. heckmanniana (J. Burrows); Protea kibarensis subsp. cuspidata (H. Synge); Protea madiensis subsp. madiensis (H. Synge); Protea rupestris (H. Synge); Clematis chrysocarpa subsp. bijuga (J. Burrows); Delphinium dasycaulon (J. Burrows); Dombeya burgessiae (H. Synge); Delphinium leroyi (J. Burrows); Pentanisia schweinfurthii (W. Pawek) 6 Boophane disticha (W. Pawek); Cyrtanthus breviflorus (J. Burrows); Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. multiflorus (J. Burrows); Raphia farinifera (J. Burrows); Aloe mzimbana (H. Synge); Aloe nuttii (H. Kurzweil); Cyperus angolensis (W. Pawek); Setaria grandis (C. Willis); Ensete ventricosum (W. Pawek) 7 Kniphofia grantii (C. Willis); Kniphofia princeae (J. Burrows); Kniphofia linearifolia (J. Burrows); Gladiolus dalenii (J. Burrows); Gladiolus dalenii (J. Burrows); Gladiolus muenzneri (H. Synge); Gladiolus velutinus (H. Kurzweil); Dierama longistylum (J. Burrows); Lapeirousia setifolia (H. Kurzweil); Moraea macrantha (J. Burrows) 8 Brachycorythis pleistophylla (G. Williamson); Disa caffra (G. Williamson); Disa hircicornis (J. Burrows); Disa robusta (W. Pawek); Disa ukingensis (H. Kurzweil); Disa welwitschii subsp. welwitschii (G. Williamson); Disa zombica (G. Williamson); Epipactis africana (H. Synge); Habenaria diselloides (H. Kurzweil); Habenaria trachypetala (J. Burrows); Satyrium trinerve (J. Burrows); Satyrium buchananii (H. Kurzweil); Polystachya dendrobiiflora (H. Synge); Satyrium crassicaule (G. Williamson); Satyrium monadenum (G. Williamson); Satyrium sceptrum (H. Kurzweil) 382 Plants of the Nyika Plateau

139 COLLECTORS INDEX Collectors index This index provides page numbers for the Botanical Exploration section on pages Names and numbers in bold type refer to main entries. Adlard, Philip G., 12, 13 Angus, Andrew, 12 Ball, John S., 13, 14 Bamps, Paul Joseph, 16 Bampton, Ivan, 16 Banda, Elias A.K., 12, 14, 16 Benson, F.M., 11 Binns, Blodwen, 12, 14 Biosearch Nyika Expedition, 15, 17 Boughey, Arthur S., 12 Brass, Leonard J., 11 Brummitt, Richard K., 12, 14, 15, 16 Burtt, Brian L., 13 Chapman, Elizabeth, 12 Chapman, James D., 12 Chisumpa, Sylvester, 16 Cottrell, M.L.J., 13 Coxe, B.J., 13 Dowsett-Lemaire, Françoise, 12, 15 Fanshawe, Dennys B., 13 Feehan, John, 16 Friis, Ib, 16 Goyder, David J., 16 Grosvenor, Rosemary, 15 Hall-Martin, Anthony J., 14 Hargreaves, Bruce J., 12, 14 Hawksworth, 11 Henderson, M.M.S., 11 Hilliard, Olive M., 13 Holmes, W.D., 13 Jackson, George, 11, 12 Kent, Sam, 15 Kirby, W., 14 Krippner, Monica, 11 Kumpumula, Moses, 15 La Croix, Eric, 15 La Croix, Isobyl F., 15 La Croix, Tim, 15 Lawton, Raymond M., 12 Lees, H.M.N., 12 Lewis, W.E., 11 Marner, Serena, 16 McClounie, John, 11 Meadows, Mike E., 15 Mill, Tom A., 15 Mithen, 16 Moriarty, Audrey W., 14 Odgers, Adrian, 14 Overton, Marianne, 17 Overton, Peter, 15, 17 Patel, I. Hassam, 14, 15, 17 Paton, Alan J., 16 Pawek, Jean L., 14, 15 Pawek, William, 15 Perold, Sarie M., 16 Perry, Pauline L., 16 Philcox, David, 16 Phillips, Eleanor, 15 Polhill, Diana, 16 Polhill, Roger M., 14, 16 Pope, Gerald, 16 Radcliffe-Smith, Alan, 16 Rammeloo, Jan, 15 Renz, Jany, 15 Reynolds, Gilbert W., 12 Richards, Mary A.E., 13 Robinson, Edward A., 13 Robson, Norman K.B., 12 SABONET Nyika Regional Plant Collecting Expedition, 17 Salubeni, Augustine J., 12, 13, 14, 17 Sanderson, W., 11 Seyani, Jameson, 12, 14 Simon, Bryan, 14 Smith, R.B., 11 Synge, Hugh, 15 Tawakali, Ernest John, 16 Temperley, B.N., 11 Topham, Paul, 11 Townsend, Ross R.G., 11 Tyrer, Peter J., 13 Van der Linden, Lutgardis, 15 Verboom, Willem C., 12 Vesey-Fitzgerald, Leslie Desmond Edward Foster, 13 White, Frank, 12, 14, 15 Whyte, Alexander, 11, 12 Wiehe, P.O., 11, 12 Wiens, Delbert, 15 Willan, R.G.M., 11 Williamson, Graham, 13, 14 Wright, Joan M., 13 Wye College, University of London Expedition, 15 Plants of the Nyika Plateau 383

140 Index to common names INDEX TO COMMON NAMES African beech, 229 African buttercup, 233 African dogwood, 131 African pencil cedar, 46 annual blue grass, 358 apple of Sodom, 272 apple ring acacia, 210 babvu mombo, 119 balawala, 121 bango, 358 basket grass, 354 bekaveka, 176 bitter apple, 272 bitter yam, 305 black nightshade, 272 black-seed finger grass, 342 black-seed grass, 338 blue grass, 338 blue-leaved brachystegia, 119 boat grass, 354 boat thatching grass, 348 bokoto, 195 Bombay hemp, 203 bracken, 28 bristle-leaved red top, 354 broad-leaved beech, 229 broad-leaved bristle grass, 361 brown seed finger grass, 342 brown stinkwood, 195 bun ochra, 204 bushman s tea, 125 bwabwa, 146 bwazi, 227 cabbage tree, 78 camel-foot, 121 Cape fig, 215 Cape gooseberry, 272 Cape holly, 75 carrot, 67 castor oil plant, 149 catstail dropseed, 365 chakate, 127 chamasala, 348 chanasa, 215 chandimbo, 78 changalumwe, 46 chanzi, 233, 283 chejo, 366 chewo, 366 chibwathiko, 275 chifila, 260 chifira, 260 chigaga, 142 chikande, 279 chikango, 142 chikenka, 127 chikondavu, 275 chikwani, 212 chimbir, 242 chinama, 129 chindongolya, 255 chingongwa, 117 chingono, 279 chingwangwa, 117 chinkhaka, 135 chinsense, 229, 230 chinuni, 216 chinyanya, 142 chiombo, 119 chipangala, 212 chipasulu, 142 chipaupa, 191 chipeta, 210 chipindimbi, 192 chipombora, 78 Chirinda grass, 353 Chirinda redwood, 125 chiropa, 210 chisa cha mabvu, 233 chisakalawe, 59 chisese, 229 chisoni, 215 chisunganjeu, 283 chitedze, 164 chitimbe, 121 chitongololo, 210 chitowe, 119 chitungwa, 365 chiumbu, 56 chiuso, 208 chiuta, 59, 144 chiwalika, 144, 275 chiwindu, 208 chiwombwi, 276 chiwusa, 203 chiyira, 260 chumbe, 119 cipepati, 350 common reed, 358 common russet grass, 353 common signal grass, 341 common wild fig, 215 cotton grass, 353 cottonwool grass, 353 dadzi, 237 Davy oargrass, 354 duiker-berry, 149 East African camphorwood, 195 faija, 119 false brome grass, 348 false couch finger grass, 342 false love grass, 341 false maidenhair, 233 fibrous dropseed, 365 fine thatching grass, 350 finger millet, 342 flame lily, 294 forest canary-berry, 149 forest fever-tree, 176 forest ironplum, 144 foxglove, 265 fwifwi, 135 giant forest fig, 215 giant spear grass, 365 golden bristle grass, 362 Gongoni three-awn, 341 goose grass, 342 granite garcinia, 127 Guinea grass, 357 hagenia, 237 hairy trident grass, 366 hang-leaf pine, 46 heart-seed love grass, 345 Himalayan raspberry, 237 hissing tree, 127 horsetail, 31 itindi-jombo, 121 jamu, 272 Java bramble, 237 Java jute, 203 jumping-seed tree, 149 June grass, 353 kabulu, 173 kabvundura, 129 kachere, 215 kadale, 129 kakunguni, 129 kalengantunzi, 256 kalingamunyu, 353 kaluatete, 292 kamchere, 173 kamchidada, 142 kamenenambuzi, 131 kampangala, 212 kamponi, 121 kamtibi, 245 kamwamadzi, 56 kana, 59 kandula, 259 kangakholowa, 133 kangantimbi, 234 kangodza, 342 kanika, 241 kapanda, 219 kapfupa, 142 kaphare, 121 kapoloni, 61 kapyafolong ombe, 129 kasokolowe, 151 kasonjonola, 255 kasorosoro, 338 katambala, 204 katenji, 75 katiti, 362 katole, 183 katongolola, 283 katope, 216 katsici, 342 kenaf, 203 khat, 125 khatambuzi, 279 khozyo thengo, 61 Kikuyu grass, 358 kolokondwe, 204 kombe, 59 kombeba, 242 komberapila, 255 kongwe, 233 large-leaved rhus, 56 large-leaved rock-fig, 212 lemonwood, 212 lifefe, Plants of the Nyika Plateau

141 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES lightning bush, 144 ligoga, 125 likakadzi, 353 limanda, 203 linyolo, 203 livelong, 56 luchimbili, 276 luvinti, 220 lwandao, 192 m bwabwa, 78 m ndopi, 275 mabutizi, 157 machende a kalulu, 245 machende a nguluwe, 127 Mahem s crest, 354 mahota, 59 makakatuku, 138 makatama, 59 mangachule, 216 mangondo, 59 manja ataliu, 248 matete, 358 mathika, 272 matimbenizge, 341 matitidza, 279 matodo, 203 matowo, 203 matyokolo, 173 maula tengo, 127 mbalambala, 144 mbalika, 149 mbatata ya m thengo, 133 mbilima, 245, 255 mbula, 127 mbuluni, 129 mbunguzi, 216 mbwani, 144 mbwazi, 227 mchanga, 121 mchema, 127 mchenjeli, 149 mchenjema, 283 mchenji, 149 mchima, 183 mchinga, 59 mchisu, 216 mchiu, 275 mchochoko, 259 mdenjele, 216 mdima, 56, 129 mdimamadzi, 125 mdondoli, 234 mdopa, 59 mdyamadzi, 125 mdzadza, 138 mfukusa, 245 mfulukutu, 255 mfungo, 59 mgolya, 176 mgonelo, 219 milumila, 144 minganzolo, 212 misuwachi, 366 mjawa, 127 mjenje, 121 mjuwajuwa, 131 mkakauku, 276 mkalakate, 138 mkalala, 260 mkandanguku, 260 mkanga, 208 mkangajula, 127 mkangano, 256 mkano, 215 mkapa, 260 mkokopa, 127 mkologonje, 129 mkorwe, 141 mkotamu, 59 mkuju, 215 mkulukuku, 256 mkuno, 215 mkunu, 215, 237 mkuwikuwi, 135 mkwale, 237 mkwandula, 366 mkweranyani, 212 mkwerete, 237 mlaka, 259 mlanjilo, 127 mlanyadi, 149 mlembela, 157 mlerekeza, 260 mleza, 135 mlombwa, 167 mlonga, 212, 248 mluma, 242 mlundo, 157 mlungamo, 142 mlunganya, 275 mnadzi, 272 mnangali, 275 mndyankamba, 56 mndyanyande, 260 mneche, 59 mnesi, 272 mnkakama, 216 mnkhumbu, 210 mnyongoloka, 67 mobola plum, 127 mombo, 119, 121 monkey thorn, 210 montane panic grass, 357 mountain acacia, 119 mountain bristle grass, 361 mpakate, 127 mpala, 279 mpalachulu, 142 mpando, 119 mpandula, 119 mpangala, 212 mpapa, 119 mpasa, 260 mpatsachokolo, 121 mpelesya, 285 mpemba, 127 mpembu, 127 mpempum muula, 127 mpesya, 285 mpeuma, 216 mpeza, 285 mphwimphwi, 135 mpilakuru, 56 mpimbi, 127 mpindimbi, 192 mpinji, 219 mponjela, 59 mporoni, 67 mposa, 59 mpoza, 59 mpukuso, 248 mpulukututu, 255 mpumbumbi, 215 mpumundo, 212 mpundi, 127 mpungaziwe, 357 mpweche, 142 mpyumbyai, 192 msadzi, 149 msaka, 272 msalanjazi, 131 msalinja, 151 msambasenya, 256 msangumsangu, 210 msapatonje, 204 msawasa, 144 msawasawa, 259 msechera, 151 msecherakunyama, 192 mseje, 229 msekese, 121 mselechera, 151 msembe, 127 msenjere, 212 msewe, 173 mseza, 119 msilanyama, 129 msilu, 255 msimira, 146 msimpsya, 192 msiri, 203 msisimanga, 144 msisita, 237 msitoti, 131 msokolowe, 151 msolo, 149 msongwe, 127 msongwi, 127 msono, 149 msonongwe, 279 msonthe, 357 msuka-ana, 191 msukandalo, 242 msuku, 149 msumbu, 119 msumbuti, 119 msusumba, 183 mtamamjuwa, 149 mtambo, 119 mtandaumbiri, 59 mtanga, 260 mtangatanga, 212 mtatasika, 229 mtatu, 56 mterere, 141 mtete, 212 mtewelewe, 121 mtoto, 149, 151 mtowi, 203 mtowo, 203 mtsaule, 259 mtsidzi, 210 mtsiloti, 129 mtsinde, 365 mtsonkwe, 203, 204 mtumu, 129 mtundi, 144 Plants of the Nyika Plateau 385

142 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES mtundira, 127 mtundu, 215 mtutu, 144 mtwana, 119 mtzidzi, 212 muale, 161 muawua, 119 mudulamono, 144 mufu, 260 mufulafula (fruits), 59 mukanjaula, 127 mukarikari, 208 mukowe, 219 mukwa, 167 mulaka, 212 mulisanyundo, 75 mulolo, 59 mululu, 208 munakalabwe, 242 mundola, 215 mungaatuwa, 212 mungamo, 142 mungapa, 366 munyele, 59 muondo, 146 musaka, 272 musani, 119 musese, 230 musongwa, 127 musuwasuwa, 129 mutaga, 144 mutututu, 183 muula, 127 muwanga, 167 muworo, 144 muwuluka, 227 muyenjere, 216 mvilo, 245 mvilu, 255 mvingomba, 245 mviro, 245 mvivi, 219 mvivu, 195 mwanaleza, 135 mweye, 46 Mysore raspberry, 237 mzaza, 183 mzgozgo, 141 mzilu, 255 mzumira, 237 nadala, 242 naduwa, 275 nafungwe, 210 nakache, 353 nakasabola, 276 nakaseje, 173 nakaswaga, 212 nakatimba, 208 nakatimba, 220 nakauli, 233 nakawaka, 117 nakawalika, 144 nakonda, 216 nalitenjere, 129 namansengo, 242 namphangala, 212 namsongole, 353 nandolo, 208, 259 narrow heart love grass, 346 nchejeu, 129 nchiu, 275 ncirawagaru, 362 ndopa, 275 ndwa, 173 ng amba, 173 ngambo, 173 ngundanjira, 210 nguonguo, 176 ngwangwalate, 121 ngwesu, 121 njadza, 159 njefu, 227 njombo, 119 nkanga, 208 nkangamani, 259 nkhusa, 164 nkhwekwe, 204 nkungu, 210 nkungubwi, 176 nkunku, 210 nkuyu, 215 nkwangwa, 212 nkwankwa, 146 northern dwaba-berry, 59 northern forest garcinia, 127 northern twin red-berry, 144 nsanu, 348 nsinika, 216 ntandandumbili, 59 ntangatanga, 212 ntawa, 173 ntewerewe, 121 nthudza, 173 nthula, 272 ntongo, 272 ntowo, 203 ntudja, 173 ntundi, 144 ntundira, 127 ntunduwele, 272 ntungwisa, 272 ntunungu, 129 nyalisi, 142 nyalitsa, 142 nyame, 279 nyanya, 210 Nyassa hood grass, 350 nyowe, 216 nyumbi, 350 nyuni, 348 octopus cabbage tree, 78 old man s beard, 338 olive dropseed, 362 palisade grass, 341 paper bark acacia, 212 parasol tree, 78 pincushion grass, 354 pineapple lily, 307 pink jacaranda, 115 pokopoko, 357 pompon tree, 276 puzelamanzi, 144 ratstail dropseed, 362 red grass, 365 red hook-berry, 59 red oat grass, 365 red stinkwood, 237 resurrection plant, 215 Rhodesian holly, 129 rice grass, 353 rough-barked fig, 215 sakasinji, 192 sangasi, 259 sangazingi, 192 Shire bluestem, 338 sidyatunga, 56 silver spike, 353 silvery hair grass, 338 small panicum, 357 snowflake grass, 338 songasekwe, 357 sonkwe, 203 sour grass, 345 sour plum, 219 South African bent, 338 spade grass, 353 spear grass, 348 stab grass, 338 sticky mouse-eared chickweed, 125 stream-side panic grass, 357 Streamside Timothy, 354 sucho, 348 sundew, 138 sundwe, 260 sungini, 279 tanglehead, 348 thelele thengo, 204 thistle, 87 three-leaved yam, 305 Thunberg s grass, 358 Thunberg s pennisetum, 358 tolanje, 354 tree violet, 227 tsamba, 119 tussock fescue, 348 tuunda, 119 ufulukula, 56 ulembe, 59 unicorn grass, 346 veld paspalum, 358 velvet-leaved combretum, 129 vlei bristle grass, 361 vumba, 283 waterberry, 216 wemphe, 204 white bauhinia, 119 white stinkwood, 279 wild custard-apple, 59 wild grape, 285 wild hyacinth bean, 164 wild loquat, 149 wild poplar, 146 wild rice, 357 Willis s timothy, 361 winter cassia, 121 winter thorn, 210 wire grass, 345 yellow-wood, 46 zale, 121 zuzuma, Plants of the Nyika Plateau

143 INDEX Index to scientific names Names indicate taxa mentioned in this publication. Page numbers in bold face indicate primary page references. Page numbers for line drawings are given in bold italics. As plates are not on numbered pages, they are referred to by their plate numbers. Names preceded by an asterisk (*) are exotics. Synonyms are listed in italics. Taxa listed under Excluded species or mentioned only in species descriptions are given in roman type. A Abildgaardia collina, 297 Abildgaardia contexta, 297 Abildgaardia densa subsp. afromontana, 297 Abildgaardia filamentosa, 297 Abildgaardia oritrephes, 297 Abildgaardia pilosa, 297 Abutilon angulatum var. macrophyllum, 203 Abutilon longicuspe, 203, 202 Acacia abyssinica subsp. calophylla, 210, 211, Pl. 3 Acacia albida, 210 Acacia amythethophylla, 210 Acacia galpinii, 210 Acacia gerrardii subsp. gerrardii var. gerrardii, 210 Acacia macrothyrsa, 210 Acacia montigena, 212 Acacia sieberiana var. woodii, 212 Acalypha chirindica, 142 Acalypha fimbriata, 142 Acalypha moggii, 142 Acalypha ornata, 142 Acalypha petiolaris, 142 Acalypha polymorpha, 142 Acalypha psilostachya var. glandulosa, 142 Acalypha psilostachya var. psilostachya, 142 Acalypha senensis, 142 Acalypha shirensis, 142 Acalypha villicaulis, 142, 143 ACANTHACEAE, 48 Acanthopale confertiflora, 48, 49 Acanthus montanus, 48 Acanthus ueleensis, 48, 49 Acetosa abyssinica, 229 Achyranthes aspera var. pubescens, 56, 57 Achyrospermum aethiopicum, 183 Achyrospermum aethiopicum, 192 Achyrospermum cryptanthum, 183, 181 Achyrospermum nyasanum, 183 Achyrospermum swina, 183 Acmella caulirhiza, 78, 79 Acokanthera laevigata, 67, 68 Acritochaete volkensii, 366 Acrocephalus callianthus, 184 Acrocephalus lantanoides, 184 Acrocephalus oligocephalus, 184 Acrotome tenuis, 183, 182 Adenia lobata, 223 Adenia rumicifolia, 223, 225 Adenia stolzii, 223 Adenocarpus mannii, 151, 150 Adenostemma caffrum var. asperum, 78, 79 Adenostemma schimperi, 78 Adhatoda striata, 51 Adiantum lunulatum, 38, 41 Adiantum philippense, 38 Adiantum poiretii var. poiretii, 38, 41 *Adiantum raddianum, 38 Adiantum reniforme var. asarifolium, 38, 41, Pl. 1 Adventina parviflora, 93 Aeollanthus buchnerianus, 183, 182 Aeollanthus canescens, 183 Aeollanthus conglomeratus, 183 Aeollanthus engleri, 183 Aeollanthus fruticosus, 183 Aeollanthus gamwelliae, 192 Aeollanthus medusa, 192 Aeollanthus myrianthus, 192 Aeollanthus njassae, 183 Aeollanthus nyikensis, 183 Aeollanthus rehmannii, 183 Aeollanthus rubescens, 183 Aeollanthus salicifolius, 183 Aeollanthus serpiculoides, 192 Aeollanthus subacaulis var. linearis, 183 Aeollanthus subacaulis var. subacaulis, 183, 182 Aeollanthus xerophytiens, 192 Aerangis carnea, 314 Aerangis falcifolia, 333 Aerangis montana, 314, 312 Aerangis somalensis, 314 Aerangis verdickii, 314 Aerobryopsis sp., 23 Aeschynomene abyssinica, 151 Aeschynomene bracteosa var. bracteosa, 151 Aeschynomene heurckeana, 151, 153 Aeschynomene indica, 151 Aeschynomene nyassana, 151 Aeschynomene nyikense, 151 Aeschynomene nyikensis var. mossambicensis, 152 Aeschynomene oligophylla, 152 Aeschynomene rubrofarinacea, 152 Aeschynomene schliebenii var. mossambicensis, 152 Aeschynomene semilunaris, 152 Aeschynomene solitariiflora, 152 Aeschynomene sp. E, 152 Aeschynomene sp. G, 152 Aeschynomene sparsiflora, 152 Aeschynomene stolzii, 152 Aeschynomene tenuirama var. hebecarpa, 152 Aeschynomene tenuirama var. tenuirama, 152 Aetheilema imbricatum, 54 Afrocarpus falcata, 46, 47 Afrocarpus gracilior, 46 Afrocarum imbricatum, 61, 60 Afrocrania volkensii, 133 Afrosersalisia cerasifera, 260 Agarista salicifolia, 141, 140 Agathisanthemum globosum, 238, 236 Agathisanthemum quadricostatum var. pubescens, 238 Agauria salicifolia, 141 Agelanthus bipartitus, 198 Agelanthus fuellebornii, 198, 199 Agelanthus molleri, 198 Agelanthus pilosus, 200 Agelanthus sansibarensis, 201 Agelanthus subulatus, 200 Agelanthus zizyphifolius subsp. vittatus, 200 Ageratina goetzeana, 78 Ageratinastrum glomeratum, 86 Ageratinastrum goetzeanum, 78 Ageratinastrum polyphyllum, 78, 79 *Ageratum conyzoides, 78, 80 Ageratum polyphyllum, 78 Agrocharis incognita, 61, 60 Agrocharis melanantha, 61 Agrocharis pedunculata, 61 Agrostis greenwayi, 338 Agrostis huttoniae, 338 Agrostis lachnantha, 338 Agrostis producta, 338, 339 Agrostis schimperiana, 338 Aira caryophyllea, 338, 339 Aira cupaniana, 338 passim ALANGIACEAE, 56 Alangium chinense, 56, 55 Albizia antunesiana, 212 Albizia gummifera, 212, 211 Albuca abyssinica, 307, 306 Albuca angolensis, 307 Albuca kirkii, 307 Albuca melleri, 307 Albuca nyikensis, 307 Albuca pachychlamys, 307 Alchemilla ellenbeckii subsp. nyikensis, 234, 235 Alchemilla kiwuensis, 234 Alchemilla nyikensis, 234 Alectra abyssinica, 265 Alectra communis, 260 Alectra senegalensis, 264 Alectra sessiliflora var. monticola, 260 Alectra sessiliflora var. senegalensis, 264, 263 Alepidea gracilis, 61 Alepidea longifolia, 61 Alepidea peduncularis, 61, 60 Alepidea propinqua, 61 Alepidea swynnertonii, 61 Allophylus abyssinicus, 259 Allophylus africanus, 259, 261 Allophylus buchananii, 259 Allophylus chaunostachys, 259 Allophylus congolanus, 259 Allophylus didymadenius, 259 Allophylus richardsiae, 259 Alloteropsis semialata subsp. eckloniana, 338, 339 Alloteropsis semialata, 338 Aloe christianii, 290 Aloe duckeri, 290 Aloe mketiensis, 292 Aloe mzimbana, 290, 291, Pl. 6 Aloe nuttii, 292, Pl. 6 Aloe swynnertonii, 292 AMARANTHACEAE, 56 Amaranthus chlorostachys, 56 Amaranthus cruentus, 56 Plants of the Nyika Plateau 387

144 INDEX Amaranthus hybridus subsp. cruentus, 56, 57 Amaranthus paniculatus, 56 AMARYLLIDACEAE, 287 Amauropelta strigosa, 45 Ammannia prieuriana, 203, 202 Ampelocissus africana, 285, 284 Amphiasma luzuloides, 238, 239 Amphicarpaea africana, 152, 153 ANACARDIACEAE, 56 Anagallis djalonis, 229, 228 Anagallis pumila var. djalonis, 229 Ancylobotrys petersiana, 67, 68 Andropogon amethystinus, 338 Andropogon eucomus, 338 Andropogon gayanus, 338 Andropogon huillensis, 338 passim Andropogon laxatus, 338 Andropogon roseus, 341 Andropogon schirensis var. angustifolius, 338 Andropogon schirensis, 338, 339 Andropogon textilis, 341 Aneilema densum, 294 Aneilema erectum, 294 Aneilema florentii, 294 Aneilema hirtum, 294, 295 Aneilema ringoeti, 294 Aneilema welwitschii, 294 Aneilema whytei, 294 Anemia angolensis, 43, 44 Angraecopsis malawiensis, 314 Angraecopsis parva, 314, 315 Angraecum chamaeanthus, 314 Angraecum crassifolia, 314 Angraecum inaequilongum, 336 Angraecum parcum, 314 Angraecum sacciferum, 314, 315 Angraecum stolzii, 317, 315 Aningeria adolfi-friedericii, 260 Anisopappus africanus, 78 Anisopappus aureus, 81 Anisopappus buchwaldii, 78 Anisopappus canescens, 81 Anisopappus chinensis subsp. buchwaldii var. buchwaldii, 78, 80 Anisopappus chinensis subsp. buchwaldii var. dentatus, 81 Anisopappus chinensis subsp. buchwaldii var. macrocephala, 78 Anisopappus chinensis subsp. chinensis, 81 Anisopappus kirkii, 81 ANISOPHYLLACEAE, 59 Anisophyllea boehmii, 59, 58 Anisophyllea pomifera, 59 Anisoramphus hypochoerideus, 91 Anisotes nyassae, 54 Anisotes pubinervis, 51 ANNONACEAE, 59 Annona senegalensis, 59, 58 Anogramme leptophylla, 38, 39 Anoiganthus breviflorus, 287 Anomobryum julaceum, 21 Anomobryum sp., 21 ANTHERICACEAE, 287 Anthericum buchananii, 287 Anthericum colubrinum, 287 Anthericum dimorphum, 289 Anthericum pterocaulon, 287 Anthericum saltii, 292 Anthericum sphacelatum, 287 Anthericum stolzii, 289 Anthericum subpetiolatum, 289 Antherotoma naudinii, 204, 206 ANTHOCEROTACEAE, 20 Anthoceros sp., 20 Anthocleista grandiflora, 176, 175 Anthospermum albohirtum, 238 Anthospermum herbaceum var. herbaceum, 238 Anthospermum keilii, 238 Anthospermum lanceolatum, 238 Anthospermum leuconeuron, 238 Anthospermum prittwitzii, 238 Anthospermum randii, 238 Anthospermum ternatum subsp. randii, 238 Anthospermum ternatum subsp. ternatum, 238 Anthospermum usambarense, 238 Anthospermum welwitschii, 238 Anthospermum whyteanum, 238, 239 Antopetitia abyssinica, 152, 153 Aphloia myrtiflora, 173 Aphloia theiformis, 173, 174 APIACEAE, 61 Apium leptophyllum, 61 APOCYNACEAE, 67 Apodytes dimidiata subsp. dimidiata, 183, 181 AQUIFOLIACEAE, 75 ARACEAE, 289 Arachniodes foliosa, 28, 29 ARALIACEAE, 78 Arctotis scaposa, 95 Ardisiandra orientalis var. hirsuta, 229 Ardisiandra stolzii, 229 Ardisiandra wettsteinii, 229, 228 ARECACEAE, 289 Argyrolobium rupestre subsp. aberdaricum, 152, 153 Argyrolobium shirense, 152 Argyrolobium tomentosum, 152 Aristea affinis, 309 Aristea angolensis, 309 Aristea gracilis, 309 Aristea nyikensis, 309 Aristea torulosa var. monostachya, 309 Aristea woodii, 309, 308 Aristea zombensis, 309 Aristida hordeacea, 366 Aristida junciformis subsp. macilenta, 341 passim Aristida junciformis subsp. welwitschii, 341, 339 Aristida pseudohordeacea, 366 Aristida recta, 341 Aristida textilis, 341 Arnica piloselloides, 95 Artabotrys monteiroae, 59, 59 Artabotrys stolzii, 59 Artemisia afra var. friesiorum, 81 Artemisia afra, 81, 80 Arthraxon hispidus, 341 Arthraxon lancifolius, 341 Arthraxon micans, 341, 340 Arthraxon quartinianus, 341 Arthropteris monocarpa, 36, 37 Arthropteris orientalis, 36, 37 Asclepias affinis, 75 Asclepias amabilis, 67 Asclepias browniana, 73 Asclepias buchwaldii, 75 Asclepias carsonii, 70 Asclepias conspicua, 73 Asclepias cristata, 75 Asclepias foliosa, 75 Asclepias fornicata, 73 Asclepias friesii, 70 Asclepias inflexa, 73 Asclepias katangensis, 70 Asclepias lepida, 75 Asclepias minuta, 75 Asclepias modesta, 75 Asclepias moorei, 70 Asclepias nyikana, 73 Asclepias palustris, 75 Asclepias praticola, 70 Asclepias pygmaea, 67 Asclepias randii, 67, 68 Asclepias schweinfurthii, 73 Asclepias sp., 70 Asclepias swynnertonii, 73 Asclepias undulata, 75 Asclepias welwitschii, 75 Ascolepis capensis, 297, 296 Ascolepis protea var. bellidiflora, 297 ASPARAGACEAE, 289 Asparagus africanus, 290 Asparagus angolensis, 289 Asparagus asparagoides, 290, 291 Asparagus laricinus, 290, 291 Asparagus medeoloides var. angustifolius, 290 Asparagus plumosus, 290 Asparagus plumosus, 290 Asparagus racemosus, 290 Asparagus setaceus, 290 Asparagus virgatus, 290 ASPHODELACEAE, 290 Aspidoglossum angustissimum, 70 Aspidoglossum breve, 70, 69 Aspidoglossum whytei, 70 Aspidotis schimperi, 40, 39 Aspilia asperifolia, 81 Aspilia brachyphylla, 81 Aspilia eylesii, 101 Aspilia kotschyi var. kotschyi, 81 Aspilia mossambicensis, 81 Aspilia natalensis, 81 Aspilia natalensis, 81 Aspilia pluriseta, 81, 80 Aspilia vernayi, 81 Aspilia vulgaris, 81 Aspilia zombensis, 101 ASPLENIACEAE, 25 Asplenium aethiopicum, 25 Asplenium boltonii, 25 Asplenium dregeanum, 25 Asplenium erectum var. erectum, 25, 26 Asplenium erectum var. usambarense, 25 Asplenium friesiorum, 25 Asplenium hypomelas, 25 Asplenium linckii, 25 Asplenium lobatum var. lobatum, 25 Asplenium loxoscaphoides, 25, Pl. 1 Asplenium lunulatum, 25 Asplenium mannii, 25 Asplenium megalura, 25 Asplenium monanthes, 27 Asplenium protensum, 27 Asplenium sandersonii, 27 Asplenium smedsii, Plants of the Nyika Plateau

145 INDEX Asplenium theciferum var. concinnum, 27 ASTERACEAE, 78 Aster bakeranus, 112 Aster harveyanus subsp. nyikensis, 81 Aster tansaniensis, 82, 83 Asterella abyssinica, 20 Asterella wilmsii, 20 Astralagus abyssinicus, 155 Astralagus atropilosulus subsp. abyssinicus, 155 Astralagus atropilosulus subsp. atropilosulus, 155, 153 Athrixia rosmarinifolia var. foliosa, 82, 83 Athrixia stenophylla, 91 Athrixia subsimplex, 82 Athyrium schimperi, 28, 29 Aulacocalyx diervilleoides, 242 AYTONIACEAE, 20 Azanza garckeana, 203, 202 B BALSAMINACEAE, 113 BARTRAMIACEAE, 21 Bartramia sp., 21 Bartsia abyssinica, 265 Basilicum riparium, 192 Bauhinia petersiana, 119, 118 Bauhinia thonningii, 121 Baumiella imbricata, 61 Becium bicolor, 192 Becium capitatum, 184 Becium grandiflorum var. obovatum, 187 Becium grandiflorum, 192 Becium obovatum subsp. crystalinum, 187 Becium obovatum subsp. punctatum, 187 Beckeropsis uniseta, 358 BEGONIACEAE, 115 Begonia princeae, 115 Begonia sutherlandii subsp. sutherlandii, 115, 114 Bequaertiodendron magalismontanum, 260 BERBERIDACEAE, 115 Berberis holstii, 115, 114 Berkheya bipinnatifida subsp. echinopsoides, 82 Berkheya echinacea subsp. polyacantha, 82 Berkheya echinopsoides, 82 Berkheya insignis, 82 Berkheya parvifolia, 82 Berkheya polyacantha, 82 Berkheya zeyheri subsp. zeyheri, 82, 83 Bersama abyssinica subsp. abyssinica, 208, 209 Bersama abyssinica subsp. englerana, 210 Bersama abyssinica subsp. nyassae, 210 Bersama abyssinica subsp. paullinioides var. nyassae, 210 Bersama englerana, 210 Bewsia biflora, 341, 340 Bidens acuticaulis var. acuticaulis, 82, 83 Bidens baumii, 82 Bidens biternata, 82 Bidens ciliata, 82 Bidens crocea var. verrucifera, 82 Bidens crocea, 82 Bidens cylindrica, 82 Bidens diversa, 84 Bidens filiformis, 84 Bidens kilimandscharica, 84 Bidens leucantha, 84 Bidens lineariloba var. deminuta, 84 Bidens lineariloba, 84 Bidens ochracea, 84 Bidens paupercula, 82 *Bidens pilosa, 84 Bidens pinnatipartita, 84 Bidens ruandensis, 82 Bidens schimperi var. brachycera, 84 Bidens schimperi var. leiocera, 84 Bidens schimperi var. leptocera, 84 Bidens schimperi var. punctata, 84 Bidens schimperi, 84 Bidens steppia, 84 Bidens sundaica, 84 BIGNONIACEAE, 115 Biophytum crassipes, 223 Biophytum helenae, 223 Biophytum nyikense, 223, 222 Biophytum sensitivum, 223 Blaeria filago, 141 Blaeria kingaensis, 141 Blaeria kiwuensis, 141 BLECHNACEAE, 27 Blechnum attenuatum var. attenuatum, 27, 27 Blechnum australe, 27 Blechnum tabulare, 27 Blepharis buchneri, 54 Blepharis grandis, 48, 49 Blotiella natalensis, 27, 27 Blumea axillaris, 84, 85 Blumea brevipes, 101 Blumea mollis, 84 Boehmeria macrophylla, 280, 278 Boehmeria platyphylla, 280 Bojeria vestita, 99 Bolusiella iridifolia subsp. picea, 317, 315 Boophane disticha, 287, 286, Pl. 6 BORAGINACEAE, 117 Borassus sp., 289 Bothriocline eupatorioides, 86 Bothriocline inyangana, 84 Bothriocline laxa, 86 Bothriocline longipes, 84 Bothriocline longipes, 86, 85 Bothriocline mooreana, 86 Bothriocline pectinata, 86 Bothriocline ripensis, 86 Bothriocline tomentosa, 86 Bothriocline trifoliata, 86 Brachiaria bovonei, 341 Brachiaria brizantha var. angustifolia, 341 Brachiaria brizantha, 341, 340 Brachiaria decumbens, 341 passim Brachiaria scalaris, 341 Brachiaria viridula, 341 Brachyachne fibrosa, 341 Brachyachne fulva, 341, 340 Brachycorythis friesii, 317, 315 Brachycorythis inhambanensis, 317, 315 Brachycorythis ovata subsp. welwitschii, 317 Brachycorythis pleistophylla subsp. leipoldii, 317 Brachycorythis pleistophylla subsp. pleistophylla, 317, Pl. 8 Brachycorythis pubescens, 317 Brachycorythis rhodostachys, 317 Brachycorythis stolzii, 317 Brachycorythis tenuior, 317 Brachymenium acuminatum, 21 Brachypodium flexum, 341, 340 Brachystegia allenii, 119 Brachystegia boehmiii, 119 Brachystegia bussei, 119 Brachystegia floribunda, 119 Brachystegia glaucescens, 119 Brachystegia longifolia, 119, Pl. 3 Brachystegia manga, 119 Brachystegia microphylla, 119 Brachystegia spiciformis, 119, 118 Brachystegia tamarindoides subsp. microphylla, 119 Brachystegia tamarindoides, 119 Brachystegia taxifolia, 119 Brachystegia utilis, 121 Brachystegia x longifolia, 119 BRACHYTHECIACEAE, 21 Brachythecium salebrosum, 21 Brachythecium sp., 21 Brachythrix brevipapposa subsp. brevipapposa, 86 Brachythrix brevipapposa subsp. malawiensis, 86 Brachythrix glomerata, 86, 85 Brachythrix malawiensis, 86 Brachythrix pawekiae, 86 Brachythrix sonchoides, 86 Brachythrix stolzii, 86 Braunia secunda, 22 Bridelia brideliifolia, 144, 143 Bridelia cathartica, 144 Brillantaisia kirungae, 48, 49 Brillantaisia subulugurica, 48 Brillantaisia ulugurica, 48 Brownleea apetala, 317 Brownleea gracilis, 317 Brownleea parviflora, 317, 316 Brucea antidysenterica, 272, 271 BRYACEAE, 21 Bryum andicola, 21 Bryum argenteum, 21 Bryum sp., 21 Bryum torquescens, 21 Buchnera capitata, 264 Buchnera crassifolia, 264 Buchnera cryptocephala var. cryptocephala, 264, 263 Buchnera henriquesii, 270 Buchnera lastii subsp. lastii, 264 Buchnera lastii subsp. pubiflora, 264 Buchnera nitida, 264 Buchnera nuttii, 264 Buchnera peduncularis, 264 Buchnera quadrifaria, 264 Buchnera randii, 264 Buchnera rungwensis, 264 Buchnera ruwenzoriensis, 270 Buchnera similis, 264 Buchnera speciosa, 265 Buchnera trilobata, 265 Buchnera tuberosa, 264 BUDDLEJACEAE, 117 Buddleja dysophylla, 117, 118 Buddleja pulchella, 117, 118 Buddleja salviifolia, 117, 118 Bulbine abyssinica, 292, 291 Bulbine asphodeloides, 292 Bulbophylllum intertextum, 336 Bulbophylllum ivorense, 336 Bulbophylllum oxychilum, 336 Plants of the Nyika Plateau 389

146 INDEX Bulbophyllum amanicum, 317 Bulbophyllum bavonis, 317 Bulbophyllum cochleatum var. gravidum, 318 Bulbophyllum cochleatum, 317 Bulbophyllum elliotii, 317, 316 Bulbophyllum expallidum, 317 Bulbophyllum josephi, 317 Bulbophyllum mahonii, 317 Bulbophyllum malawiense, 317 Bulbophyllum maximum, 317, 316 Bulbophyllum rugosibulbum, 318, 316 Bulbophyllum sandersonii, 318, 319 Bulbophyllum stolzii, 318 Bulbostylis caespitosa, 297 Bulbostylis collina, 297 Bulbostylis contexta, 297 Bulbostylis densa subsp. afromontana, 297, 296 Bulbostylis filamentosa, 297 Bulbostylis macra, 297 Bulbostylis macra, 297 Bulbostylis metralis, 297 Bulbostylis oligostachys, 297 Bulbostylis oritrephes, 297 Bulbostylis pilosa, 297 Bulbostylis pusilla, 297 Bulbostylis scabricaulis, 297 Bulbostylis sp., 297 Bulbostylis trichobasis, 297 Bulbostylis zambesica, 297 Bulbostylis zeyheri, 297 Byrsocarpus orientalis, 131 C Cadaba kirkii, 123 CAESALPINIACEAE, 119 Calamintha masukuensis, 191 Calanthe neglecta, 318 Calanthe schliebenii, 318 Calanthe stolzii, 318 Calanthe sylvatica, 318, 319 Calanthe volkensii, 318 Calchas schizophyllus, 189 Calchas shirensis, 189 Calophanes verticillaris, 48 Calostephane angolensis, 112 CAMPANULACEAE, 123 Campylopus sp., 22 Canthium crassum, 245 Canthium gueinzii, 242 Canthium huillense, 251 Canthium oligocarpum subsp. captum, 238, 239 Canthium sp., 252 Canthium vulgare, 251 Canthium whitei, 251 Canthium wildii, 251 CAPPARACEAE, 123 Cardiochilos williamsonii, 318, 319 Carduus leptacanthus var. nyassanus, 87 Carduus leptacanthus var. steudneri, 87 Carduus nyassanus var. ruandensis, 87 Carduus nyassanus, 87, 85 Carex aethiopica, 298 Carex brassii, 298 Carex chlorosaccus, 298 Carex cognata var. congolensis, 298 Carex conferta var. lycurus, 298 Carex congolensis, 298 Carex cuprea, 298 Carex echinochloe var. chlorosaccus, 298 Carex echinochloe, 298 Carex fischeri, 298 Carex lycurus, 298 Carex ninagongensis, 298 Carex petitiana, 298 Carex pseudo-sphaerogyna, 298 Carex spicato-paniculata, 298, 296 Carum imbricatum, 61 Carvalhoa campanulata, 70, 69 Carvalhoa macrophylla, 70 CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 125 Casearia battiscombei, 173, 174 Cassia kirkii var. kirkii, 121 Cassia mimosoides, 121, 120 Cassia parva, 121 Cassia quarrei, 121 Cassia singueana, 121 Cassia wittei, 121 Cassine aethiopica, 127 Cassine buchananii, 125 Cassipourea congoensis, 234 Cassipourea gummiflua var. verticillata, 234 Cassipourea malosana, 234, 235 Cassytha filiformis, 192, 193 Catha edulis, 125, 124 Caucaliopsis stolzii, 61 Caucalis incognita, 61 Caucalis longisepala, 61 Caucalis melanantha, 61 Cayratia gracilis, 285, 284 CECROPIACEAE, 125 CELASTRACEAE, 125 Celtis africana, 279, 278 Celtis durandii, 279 Celtis gomphophylla, 279 Centella asiatica, 61, 60 Centella bupleurifolia, 61 Centella coriacea, 61 Centrostigma occultans, 336 Cephaelis peduncularis, 251 Cephalaria integrifolia, 138, 139 Cephalaria pungens, 138 *Cerastium glomeratum, 125, 124 Ceropegia burchellii subsp. profusa, 73 Ceropegia chrysochroma, 73 Ceropegia claviloba, 70 Ceropegia dichroantha, 70 Ceropegia filipendula, 70 Ceropegia medoensis, 70 Ceropegia schliebenii, 70, 69 Ceropegia sp., 70 Chamaecrista kirkii, 121 Chamaecrista mimosoides, 121 Chamaecrista parva, 121 Chamaecrista stricta, 121 Chamaecrista wittei, 121 Chassalia parvifolia, 238, 239 Cheilanthes farinosa, 40, 41 Cheilanthes inaequalis var. inaequalis, 40 Cheilanthes multifida var. lacerata, 40 Cheilanthes quadripinnata, 40 Chionanthus battiscombei, 219, 218 Chionanthus sp., 219 Chironia gratissima, 178 Chironia laxiflora, 176, 177 Chlorophytum blepharophyllum, 287 Chlorophytum cameronii var. pterocaulon, 287 Chlorophytum campanulatum, 287 Chlorophytum colubrinum, 287, 293 Chlorophytum floribundum, 287 Chlorophytum glabriflorum, 287 Chlorophytum leptoneurum, 287 Chlorophytum nyassae, 287 Chlorophytum orchidastrum, 289 Chlorophytum pterocaulon, 287 Chlorophytum sphacelatum, 287 Chlorophytum stolzii, 289 Chlorophytum subpetiolatum, 289 Chlorophytum vestitum, 289 Chlorophytum zingiberastrum, 289 Choachne oplismenoides, 361 Choristylis rhamnoides, 142, 143 Choristylis ulugurensis, 142 Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. septentrionalis, 87, 88 CHRYSOBALANACEAE, 127 Chrysophyllum cerasiferum, 260 Chrysophyllum fulvum, 260 Chrysophyllum gorungosanum, 260, 262 Cineraria buchananii, 87 Cineraria deltoidea, 87, 88 Cineraria grandiflora, 87 Cirsium buchwaldii, 87, 88 Cissampelos torulosa, 210, 209 Cissus gracilis, 285 Cissus grisea, 285 Cissus rubiginosa, 285, 284 Cissus rupestris, 285 Clausena anistata, 256, 257 Clematis brachiata, 233 Clematis chrysocarpa subsp. bijuga, 233, Pl. 5 Clematis simensis, 234 Clematis uhehensis, 233, 231 Clematopsis chrysocarpa subsp. chrysocarpa, 233 Clematopsis scabiosifolia subsp. uhehensis, 233 Cleome macrophylla var. macrophylla, 123 Cleome monophylla, 123, 122 Clerodendrum johnstonii subsp. johnstonii, 183, 182 Clerodendrum kirkii, 183 Clerodendrum myricoides, 191 Clerodendrum pleiosciadium, 184 Clerodendrum quadrangulatum, 191 Clerodendrum sansibarense, 191 Clerodendrum syringiifolium, 184 Cliffortia linearifolia, 237 Cliffortia nitidula, 237, 235 CLUSIACEAE, 127 Clutia abyssinica var. abyssinica, 144, 143 Clutia abyssinica var. pedicellaris, 144 Clutia gracilis, 144 Clutia paxii, 144 Clutia phyllanthoides, 144 Clutia robusta, 144 passim Clutia robusta, 151 Clutia whytei var. whytei, 144 Coccinea adoensis, 135, 136 Coccinea mildbraedii, 135 Coelachne africana, 342, 343 Coffea ligustroides, 238 Coffea mufindiensis subsp. lundaziensis, 238, 240 Cola greenwayi var. greenwayi, 275, 273 Cola microcarpa, Plants of the Nyika Plateau

147 INDEX COLCHICACEAE, 294 Coleochloa setifera, 298, 296 Coleus alpinus, 187 Coleus assurgens, 187 Coleus buchananii, 188 Coleus daviesii, 188 Coleus herbaceus, 188 Coleus hockii, 188 Coleus kapatensis, 188 Coleus laxiflorus, 188 Coleus modestus, 189 Coleus nyikensis, 188 Coleus punctatus, 189 Coleus scaposus, 188 Coleus shirensis, 189 Coleus thyrsoideus, 189 Colutea abyssinica, 155, 154 Colutea istria, 155 COMBRETACEAE, 129 Combretum collinum, 129 Combretum molle, 129, 130 Combretum zeyheri, 131 COMMELINACEAE, 294 Commelina africana var. africana, 294 Commelina africana var. krebsiana, 294 Commelina africana var. lancispatha, 294 Commelina aspera, 294 Commelina aspera, 294 Commelina benghalensis, 294 Commelina bracteosa, 294 Commelina cecilae, 294 Commelina neurophylla, 294, 295 Commelina simplex, 297 Commelina sp., 294 Coniogramme africana, 40, 42 CONNARACEAE, 131 Conopharyngia stapfiana, 75 CONVOLVULACEAE, 131 Convolvulus alsinoides, 131 Convolvulus sagittatus, 131, 132 Conyza aegyptiaca, 87 *Conyza albida, 87, 88 Conyza axillaris, 84 *Conyza bonariensis, 87 Conyza crispata, 101 Conyza floribunda, 87 Conyza heudelotii, 103 Conyza limosa, 87 Conyza macrorrhiza, 89 Conyza mildbraedii, 87 Conyza pyrifolia, 103 Conyza pyrrhopappa, 87 Conyza spartioides, 103 Conyza steudelii, 89 Conyza stricta var. pinnatifida, 89 Conyza stricta, 89 Conyza subscaposa, 89 Conyza sumatrensis var. floribunda, 87 Conyza sumatrensis, 87 Conyza tigrensis, 89 Conyza transvaalensis, 87 Conyza variegate var. pratensis, 89 Conyza variegate var. silvestris, 89 Conyza vatkeana, 89 Conyza volkensii, 89 Conyza volubilis, 103 Conyza welwitschii, 89 Coptosperma neurophylla, 255 Coreopsis baumii, 82 Coreopsis cosmophylla, 84 Coreopsis kilimandscharica, 84 Coreopsis ochracea, 84 Coreopsis ochraceoides, 84 Coreopsis pinnatipartita, 84 Coreopsis scabrifolia, 82 Coreopsis steppia, 84 Coreopsis whytei, 84 CORNACEAE, 133 Cornus volkensii, 133, 134 Cotula chrysanthemifolia, 91 Courbonia glauca, 125 Courtoisina cyperoides, 298 Courtoisina cyperoides, 298, 296 Craibia brevicaudata subsp. baptistarum, 155, 154 Crassocephalum afromontanum, 89 Crassocephalum crepidioides, 89 Crassocephalum diversifolium, 89 Crassocephalum mannii, 107 Crassocephalum montuosum, 89, 90 Crassocephalum picridifolium, 89 Crassocephalum rubens var. rubens, 89 Crassocephalum rubens var. sarcobasis, 89 Crassocephalum ruwenzoriensis, 95 Crassocephalum sarcobasis, 89 Crassocephalum scandens, 95 Crassocephalum uvens, 91 Crassocephalum vitellinum, 91 CRASSULACEAE, 133 Crassula abyssinica var. nyikensis, 133 Crassula abyssinica, 133 Crassula alba var. alba, 133, 134, Pl. 3 Crassula erubescens, 133 Crassula globularioides, 133 Crassula granvikii, 133 Crassula illichiana, 133 passim Crassula lanceolata subsp. denticulata, 133 Crassula nyikensis, 133 Crassula schimperi subsp. transvaalensis var. denticulata, 133 Crassula swaziensis, 133 Crassula vaginata, 133 Crassula whyteana, 133 Crassula wrightiana, 133 Craterispermum opimum, 245 Craterispermum orientale, 245 Craterostigma goetzei, 265 Crepidomanes melanotrichum, 31, 33 Crepidorhopalon bifolius, 270 Crepidorhopalon goetzei, 265, 263 Crepidorhopalon insularis, 265 Crepis chirindica, 91 Crepis ephemera, 109 Crepis hypochaeridea, 91 Crepis newii subsp. newii, 91, 90 Crepis oliverana, 112 Crepis swynnertonii, 91 Crocodilodes seminiveum, 82 Crocodilodes zeyheri, 82 Crocosmia aurea subsp. aurea, 309, 311 Crotalaria abbreviata, 155 Crotalaria argyrolobioides, 155 Crotalaria becquetii subsp. turgida, 155 Crotalaria caespitosa, 156 Crotalaria cleomifolia, 155 Crotalaria dedzana, 155, 154 Crotalaria fulvella, 155 Crotalaria goetzei, 155 Crotalaria homblei, 155 Crotalaria kasikiensis, 155 Crotalaria kipandensis, 155 Crotalaria laburnifolia, 155 Crotalaria lachnocarpoides, 155 Crotalaria lachnophora, 155 Crotalaria longibracteata, 155 Crotalaria natalitia, 155 Crotalaria nicholsonii, 156 Crotalaria nyikense, 156 Crotalaria ochroleuca, 156 Crotalaria pallida, 156 Crotalaria pilosiflora, 156 Crotalaria pseudokipandensis, 155 Crotalaria recta, 156 Crotalaria rhodesiae, 156 Crotalaria ringoetii, 156 Crotalaria shirensis, 156 Crotalaria singuliflora, 155 Crotalaria sparsifolia, 156 Crotalaria stolzii, 156 Crotalaria subcaespitosa, 156 Crotalaria subcapitata subsp. capitata var. fwamboensis, 156 Crotalaria subspicata, 156 Crotalaria tabularis, 156 Crotalaria valida, 156 Croton macrostachyus, 144, 145 Cryptocarya liebertiana, 195, 193 Cryptolepis oblongifolia, 70, 69 Cryptosepalum maraviense, 121, 120 Crystallopollen angustifolium, 110 Ctenitis lanuginosa, 28 Ctenium somalense, 342, 343 Cucumis hirsutus, 135, 136 CUCURBITACEAE, 135 Culcasia falcifolia, 289, 288 Culcasia scandens, 289 CUPRESSACEAE, 46 CUSCUTACEAE, 138 Cuscuta kilimanjari var. kilimanjari, 138, 137 Cussonia arborea, 78, 77 Cussonia kirkii, 78 Cussonia spicata, 78, 77 Cyanotis barbata, 294 Cyanotis lanata var. rubescens, 294 Cyanotis lanata, 294 Cyanotis longifolia, 294 Cyanotis longifolia, 297, 295 Cyanotis speciosa, 297 CYATHEACEAE, 27 Cyathea dregei, 27 Cyathea manniana, 27, 27 Cyathea thomsonii, 27 Cyathula cylindrica, 56, 57 Cyclodictyon sp., 23 *Cyclospermum leptophyllum, 61, 62 Cycnium adonense, 265, 267 Cynanchum praecox, 70 Cynanchum pygmaeum, 70 Cynanchum rungweense, 70, 71 Cynoglossum afrocaeruleum, 117 Cynoglossum amplifolium, 117 Cynoglossum coeruleum, 117 Cynoglossum geometricum, 117, 116 Cynoglossum lanceolatum subsp. geometricum, 117 Cynoglossum lanceolatum, 117 Cynorkis anacamptoides var. anacamptoides, Plants of the Nyika Plateau 391

148 INDEX 318, 319 Cynorkis anacamptoides var. ecalcarata, 318 Cynorkis hanningtonii, 318 Cynorkis kassneriana, 318 CYPERACEAE, 297 Cyperus aberdarensis, 301 Cyperus aethiops var. aberdarensis, 301 Cyperus aethiops var. tessmannii, 301 Cyperus aethiops, 301 Cyperus alopecuroides, 298 Cyperus alternifolius subsp. flabelliformis, 300 Cyperus amabilis, 298 Cyperus angolensis, 298, Pl. 6 Cyperus aureolatus, 305 Cyperus bojeri, 301 Cyperus chermezonianus, 301 Cyperus cristatus var. exalatus, 301 Cyperus deciduus, 301 Cyperus denudatus var. lucenti-nigricans, 298 Cyperus distans subsp. longibracteatus, 301 Cyperus distans var. niger, 300 Cyperus distans var. rubrotinctus, 301 Cyperus distans, 298 Cyperus dubius, 301 Cyperus esculentus var. esculentus, 298 Cyperus exaltatus, 298 Cyperus flabelliformis, 300 Cyperus foliosus, 301 Cyperus involucratus, 300 Cyperus keniensis, 300 Cyperus kyllingioides, 301 Cyperus luteus, 301 Cyperus margaritaceus var. margaritaceus, 300 Cyperus melas, 301 Cyperus nduru, 300 Cyperus niger subsp. elegantulus, 301 Cyperus niveus var. leucocephalus, 300 Cyperus obtusiflorus var. obtusiflorus, 300 Cyperus pseudoleptocladus, 300, 299 Cyperus rupestris var. rupestris, 300 Cyperus subumbellatus, 301 Cyperus tenax, 300 Cyperus tenuifolius, 301 Cyperus tomaiophyllus, 300 Cyperus triceps, 301 Cyphia brachyandra, 196 Cyphia brummittii, 198 Cyphia decora, 198 Cyphia erecta, 196, 197 Cyphia exelliana, 196 Cyphia lasiandra, 196 Cyphia mazoensis, 198 Cyphia nyasica, 196 Cyphia nyikensis, 196 Cyphia richardsiae, 196 Cyphostemma hermannioides, 285 Cyphostemma kerkvoordei, 285 Cyphostemma princeae, 285 Cyphostemma vandenbrandeanum, 285, 286 Cyphostemma wittei, 285 Cyrtanthus breviflorus, 287, 286, Pl. 6 Cyrtanthus luteus, 287 Cyrtorchis arcuata subsp. whytei, 318 Cyrtorchis arcuata, 336 Cyrtorchis crassifolia, 318, 319 Cyrtorchis praetermissa, 336 D Dais cotinifolia, 276, 277 Dalbergia fischeri, 156 Dalbergia lactea, 157, 154 Dalbergiella nyasae, 157, 158 Danthonia davyi, 354 Daucus abyssinicus, 67 Daucus carota*, 67 Deinbollia nyikense, 260 Delphinium dasycaulon x leroyi, 233 Delphinium dasycaulon, 233, Pl. 5 Delphinium leroyi, 233, 231, Pl. 5 Delphinium wellbyi, 233 Dendrophthoë pendens, 201 DENNSTAEDTIACEAE, 27 Desmodium barbatumdimorphum var. dimorphum, 157, 158 Desmodium gangeticum, 157 Desmodium repandum, 157, 158 Desmodium salicifolium var. salicifolium, 157 Dewildemania stenophylla, 91, 90 Dianthera bicalyculata, 54 Diaphananthe oxycentron, 318, 320 Diaphananthe pachyrhiza, 318 Diaphananthe pulchella, 318 Diaphananthe xanthopollinia, 318 Dichondra micrantha, 131, 132 Dichondra repens, 131 Dichrocephala abyssinica, 91 Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia var. chrysanthemifolia, 91, 90 Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia var. macrocephala, 91 Dichrocephala integrifolia subsp. integrifolia, 91 Dichrocephala latifolia, 91 Dichrostachys cinerea, 212, 211 Dicliptera aculeata, 51 Dicliptera lingulata, 48 Dicliptera maculata, 48, 50 Dicliptera pumila, 54 Dicliptera verticillata, 48 Diclis ovata, 265 Diclis tenella, 265, 266 Dicoma amoena, 112 Dicoma anomala subsp. anomala, 91, 92 Dicoma anomala var. sonderi, 91 Dicoma cirsioides, 91 Dicoma nyikensis, 91 Dicoma plantaginifolia, 91 Dicoma pygmacaea, 91 Dicoma sessiliflora, 93 DICRANACEAE, 22 Dicranella sp., 22 Didymochlaena truncatula, 28, 29 Dierama densiflorum, 309 passim Dierama longistylum, 309, 311, Pl. 7 *Digitalis purpurea, 265, 266 Digitaria apiculata var. hirta, 342 Digitaria diagonalis, 342, 343 Digitaria flaccida, 342 passim Digitaria friesii, 342 Digitaria lancifolia, 341 Digitaria longiflora, 342 Digitaria maitlandii, 342 Digitaria meliniodes, 342 Digitaria nitens, 342 Digitaria pearsonii, 342 Digitaria stolzii, 342 Digitaria ternata, 342 Digitaria uniglumis, 342 Digitaria velutina, 342 passim Diheteropogon amplectens var. catangensis, 342, 343 DIOSCOREACEAE, 305 Dioscorea dumetorum, 305 Dioscorea quartiniana, 305, 304 Dioscorea triphylla, 305 Diospyros abyssinica subsp. chapmaniorum, 138 Diospyros whyteana, 141, 140 Dipcadi viride, 307, 306 Diplachne biflora, 341 Diplazium zanzibaricum, 28, 30 Diplolophium buchananii, 61, 62 DIPSACACEAE, 138 DIPTEROCARPACEAE, 138 Dipterotheca kotschyi, 81 Disa aconitoides subsp. concinna, 318 Disa amblyopetala, 321 Disa baurii, 318 Disa bisetosa, 318 Disa caffra, 321, Pl. 8 Disa calophylla, 322 Disa celata, 321 Disa coccinea, 321 Disa compta, 321 Disa dichroa, 336 Disa engleriana, 321 Disa equestris, 321 Disa erubescens subsp. carsonii, 321 Disa erubescens var. erubescens, 321, 320 Disa hamatopetala, 318 Disa hircicornis, 321, Pl. 8 Disa hyacinthina, 322 Disa ignea, 322 Disa longilabris, 321, 327 Disa miniata, 321 Disa nyassana, 322 Disa nyikensis, 321 Disa ochrostachya var. latisepala, 322 Disa ochrostachya, 321 Disa ornithantha, 321 Disa perplexa, 321 Disa praecox, 321 Disa praestans, 321 Disa robusta, 321, Pl. 8 Disa rungweensis, 321 Disa satyriopsis, 322 Disa saxicola, 322 Disa stolzii, 321 Disa subscutellifera, 321 Disa tanganyikensis, 322 Disa ukingensis, 322, Pl. 8 Disa uliginosa, 322 Disa versicolor, 336 Disa welwitschii subsp. occultans, 322 Disa welwitschii subsp. welwitschii, 322, Pl. 8 Disa zombica, 322, Pl. 8 Dischistocalyx confertiflorus, 48 Disperis anthoceros, 322, 320 Disperis aphylla subsp. bifolia, 322, 320 Disperis bifida x D. dicerochila, 322 Disperis bifida, 322 Disperis breviloba, 322 Disperis dicerochila, 322, 320 Disperis kilimanjarica, 322, 320 Disperis mac-owanii, 322 Disperis nemorosa, 322, 320 Disperis parvifolia, Plants of the Nyika Plateau

149 INDEX Disperis reichenbachiana, 323 Disperis thomensis, 323 Dissotis bamendae, 208 Dissotis caloneura var. indet, 204 Dissotis macrocarpa, 208 Dissotis melleri var. greenwayi, 204 Dissotis melleri var. melleri, 204, Pl. 4 Dissotis princeps var. candolleana, 208 Dissotis princeps var. princeps, 208, Pl. 4 Dissotis senegambiensis, 208 Dissotis speciosa, 208, 206 Dissotis whytei, 204 DITRICHACEAE, 22 Ditrichum sp., 22 Dodonaea angustifolia, 259 Dodonaea viscosa, 259, 261 Dolichochaete bequaertii, 366 Dolichos kilimandscharicus subsp. kilimandscharicus var. kilimandscharicus, 157 Dolichos sericeus subsp. sericeus, 157, 158 Dolichos trinervatus, 157 Dombeya burgessiae, 275, 273, Pl. 5 Dombeya johnstonii, 275 Dombeya kirkii, 275 Dombeya lasiostylis, 275 Dombeya nyasica, 275 Dombeya rotundifolia, 275 Dombeya torrida subsp. erythroleuca, 275 Dorstenia benguellensis, 212, 213 Dovyalis abyssinica, 173 Dovyalis macrocalyx, 173, 174 Dovyalis macrocarpa, 173 Dovyalis sp., 173 Dovyalis spinosissima, 173 passim DRACAENACEAE, 305 Dracaena afromontana, 305 Dracaena elegans, 305 Dracaena laxissima, 305, 306 Dracaena papau, 305 Dracaena reflexa var. nitens, 305 Dracaena steudneri, 305 Drimia elata, 307, 308 Drimia zombensis, 307 Droogmansia pteropus var. pteropus, 157 Droogmansia pteropus var. whytei, 157, 160 Droogmansia whytei, 157 DROSERACEAE, 138 Drosera burkeana, 138 Drosera madagascariensis, 138, 139 Drynaria volkensii, 38, 39, Pl. 1 DRYOPTERIDACEAE, 28 Dryopteris athamantica, 28 Dryopteris inaequalis, 28, 30 Dryopteris kilemensis, 28 Dryopteris squamiseta, 28 Drypetes gerrardii, 144, 145 Dumasia villosa var. villosa, 157, 160 Dyschoriste albiflora, 54 Dyschoriste fischeri, 48 Dyschoriste hildebrandtii, 48 Dyschoriste nyassica, 48 Dyschoriste verticillaris, 48, 50 E EBENACEAE, 138 Echinochloa jubata, 342, 343 Eclipta alba, 93 *Eclipta prostrata, 93, 92 Ectadiopsis nigritana, 70 Ectadiopsis oblongifolia, 70 Ectadiopsis welwitschii, 70 Ehrharta erecta var. abyssinica, 342, 344 Ekebergia buchananii, 208 Ekebergia capensis, 208, 207 Elaeodendron aethiopicum, 127 Elaeodendron buchananii, 125, 126 Elaphoglossum acrostichoides, 34 Elaphoglossum aubertii, 34 Elaphoglossum petiolatum subsp. salicifolium, 34 Elaphoglossum salicifolium, 34, 35 Elaphoglossum spatulatum, 34 Elatostema monticola, 280, 281 Elatostema orientale, 280 Eleocharis brainii, 300, 299 Elephantopus scaber subsp. plurisetus var. plurisetus, 93, 92 Elephantopus welwitschii, 93 Eleusine coracana subsp. africana, 342, 344 Elionurus muticus, 345, 344 Elyonurus argenteus, 345 Embelia kilimandscharica, 216 Embelia nyassana, 216 Embelia schimperi, 216, 214 Emilia coccinea, 93 Emilia flammea, 93 Emilia guineensis, 93 Emilia hockii, 93 Emilia integrifolia, 93, 92 Emilia sagittata, 93 Englerastrum modestum, 189 Englerina cordata, 200 Englerina inaequilatera, 200, 199 Englerina kapiriensis, 200 Englerophytum magalismontanum, 260, 262 Ensete buchananii, 314 Ensete edule, 314 Ensete ventricosum, 314, 312, Pl. 6 Entandrophragma excelsum, 208, 207 Entandrophragma stolzii, 208 ENTODONTACEAE, 22 Epalage dentata var. macrocephala, 81 Epilobium capense, 220, 222 Epilobium hirsutum, 220 Epilobium neriophyllum, 220 Epilobium salignum, 220 Epipactis africana, 323, 324, Pl. 8 EQUISETACEAE, 31 Equisetum ramosissimum, 31, 32 Eragrostis atrovirens var. congesta, 345 Eragrostis blepharolepis, 345 Eragrostis botryodes, 345 Eragrostis brizoides, 345 Eragrostis canescens, 345 Eragrostis caniflora, 345 Eragrostis capensis, 345, 344 Eragrostis castellanea, 345 Eragrostis chalantha, 346 Eragrostis congesta, 345 Eragrostis exasperata, 345 Eragrostis exelliana, 345, 344 Eragrostis hispida, 345 Eragrostis lasiophylla, 346 Eragrostis longipaniculata, 345 Eragrostis mollior, 345 Eragrostis olivacea, 346 Eragrostis paniciformis, 345 passim Eragrostis paradoxa, 346 Eragrostis pseudopoa near paniciformis, 366 Eragrostis pseudopoa, 345 Eragrostis racemosa, 346 Eragrostis schweinfurthii, 346 Eragrostis tenuifolia, 346 Eragrostis volkensii, 346 Erianthemum dregei, 200, 199 Erianthemum nyikense, 200 Erianthemum schelei, 200 Erianthemum taborense, 200 ERICACEAE, 141 Erica benguelensis var. albescens, 141 Erica benguelensis var. benguelensis, 141 Erica kiwuensis, 141 Erica mannii subsp. pallidiflora, 141 Erica microdonta, 141, 140 Erica slivatica, 141 Ericinella brassii, 141 Ericinella microdonta, 141 Erigeron aegyptiacus, 87 Erigeron bonariensis, 87 Erigeron floribundus, 87 *Erigeron karvinskianus, 93, 92 Erigeron mildbraedii, 87 Erigeron molle, 84 Erigeron mucronatus, 93 Erigeron pyrrhopappus, 87 Erigeron steudelii, 89 Erigeron sumatrensis, 87 ERIOCAULACEAE, 305 Eriocaulon amphibium, 307 Eriocaulon buchananii, 305, 306 Eriocaulon mesanthemoides, 305 Eriocaulon mutatum var. mutatum, 307 Eriocaulon pictum, 307 Eriocaulon schimperi, 307 Eriocaulon teusczii, 307 Eriochloa macclounii, 366 Eriochrysis pallida, 346, 344 Eriochrysis purpurata, 346 Eriosema affine, 157 Eriosema bauchiense, 159 Eriosema buchananii var. buchananii, 159 Eriosema buchananii var. subprostratum, 159, 160 Eriosema burkei, 159 Eriosema chrysadenium var. chrysadenium, 159 Eriosema ellipticum subsp. ellipticum, 159 Eriosema flexuosum, 159 Eriosema lebrunii, 159 Eriosema montanum, 159 Eriosema nutans, 159 Eriosema rhodesicum var. rhodesicum, 159 Eriosema schoutedenianum, 159 Eriosema shirense var. shirense, 159 Eriosema ukingense, 159 Eriosema youngii var. youngii, 159 Erlangea filifolia, 91 Erlangea inyangana, 84 Erlangea laxa, 86 Erlangea mooreana, 86 Erlangea pectinata, 86 Erlangea rogersii, 84 Erlangea trifoliata, 86 Erythrina abyssinica, 161, 160, Pl. 3 Erythrina tomentosa, 161 Erythrocephalum erectum, 99 Plants of the Nyika Plateau 393

150 INDEX Erythrocephalum niassae, 93 Erythrocephalum zambesianum var. angustifolium, 93 Erythrocephalum zambesianum, 93, 94 Erythrococca menyharthii, 144, 145 Erythrococca polyandra, 151 Erythrococca trichogyne var. psilogyne, 144 Erythrococca usambarica, 151 Erythrodontium sp., 22 ERYTHROXYLACEAE, 142 Erythroxylum emarginatum, 142, 140 ESCALLONIACEAE, 142 Euclea racemosa subsp. schimperi, 141, 140 Euclea schimperi, 141 Euclea sp. cf. divinorum, 141 Eucomis autumnalis subsp. autumnalis, 307, 306 Eucomis undulata, 307 Eugenia capensis subsp. gracilipes, 216 Eugenia capensis subsp. nyassensis, 216 Eugenia malangensis, 216, 217 Eulalia villosa, 346, 347 Eulophia acutilabra, 323 Eulophia arenicola, 323 Eulophia aurantiaca, 336 Eulophia coeloglossa, 323 Eulophia compta, 325 Eulophia crinita, 323 Eulophia cucullata, 323 Eulophia euantha, 323 Eulophia fridericii, 323 Eulophia gracilliscapa, 323 Eulophia hians var. nutans, 323 Eulophia horsfallii, 323 Eulophia involuta, 325 Eulophia johnstonii, 323 Eulophia manganjensis, 325 Eulophia milnei, 323 Eulophia missionis, 323 Eulophia monticola, 323 Eulophia nutans, 323 Eulophia odontoglossa, 323 Eulophia orthoplectra, 323 Eulophia ovalis var. bainesii, 323, 324 Eulophia panganiana, 323 Eulophia rara, 325 Eulophia recurvata, 325 Eulophia roseolabia, 323 Eulophia schweinfurthii, 325 Eulophia seleensis, 325, 324 Eulophia speciosa, 336 Eulophia streptopetala, 325 Eulophia subsaprophytica, 325 Eulophia tenuiscapa, 325 Eulophia thomsonii, 325 Eulophia ukingensis, 323 Eupatorium africanum, 107 EUPHORBIACEAE, 142 Euphorbia ampliphylla, 144 Euphorbia cyparissioides, 146 Euphorbia daviesii, 146 Euphorbia dejecta, 146 Euphorbia depauperata var. depauperata, 146 Euphorbia depauperata var. pubiflora, 146 Euphorbia depauperata var. trachycarpa, 146 Euphorbia matabelensis, 146 Euphorbia obovalifolia, 144 Euphorbia schimperiana var. pubescens, 146 Euphorbia schimperiana var. schimperiana, 146 Euphorbia zambesiana var. zambesiana, 146, 145 Evolvulus alsinoides, 131, 132 Exotheca abyssinica, 346, 347 F FABACEAE, 151 Fadogia cienkowskii var. cienkowskii, 238 Fadogia homblei, 241 Fadogia monticola, 241 Fadogia odorata, 241 Fadogia stenophylla subsp. odorata, 241, 240 Fadogia stenophylla var. rhodesiana, 241 Fadogia stolzii, 241 Fadogia triphylla var. giorgii, 241 Fadogia triphylla var. triphylla, 241 Fadogiella stigmatoloba, 241, 240 Fagara chalybea, 256 Faidherbia albida, 210 Faroa acaulis, 176, 177 Faurea delevoyi, 229 Faurea rochetiana, 229 Faurea saligna, 229, 231 Faurea speciosa, 229 Faurea wentzeliana, 230 Felicia boehmii subsp. homochroma, 93 Felicia boehmii, 93, 94 Felicia homochroma, 93 Festuca abyssinica, 348 Festuca africana, 348 Festuca caprina, 348 Festuca costata, 348 Festuca engleri, 348, 347 Festuca milanjiana, 348 Festuca scabra, 366 Festuca schimperana, 348 Ficalhoa laurifolia, 275, 274 Ficus abutilifolia, 212, 213 Ficus burkei forma zimbabweensis, 215 Ficus capensis, 215 Ficus kirkii, 215 Ficus mallotocarpa, 215 Ficus natalensis, 215 Ficus ovata, 215 Ficus rokko, 215 Ficus scassellatii, 215 Ficus soldanella, 212 Ficus sur, 215 Ficus thonningii, 215 Filicium decipiens, 259, 261 Fimbristylis africana, 297 Fimbristylis aphyllanthoides, 297 Fimbristylis filamentosa, 297 Fimbristylis macra, 297 FISSIDENTACEAE, 22 Fissidens asplenioides, 22 Fissidens near bryoides, 22 Fissidens ovatus, 22 Fissidens sp., 22 FLACOURTIACEAE, 173 Flacourtia indica, 173, 174 Flacourtia sp. cf. vogelii, 173 Flemingia grahamiana, 161, 162 Fleurya alatipes, 280 FOSSOMBRONIACEAE, 20 Fossombronia nyikaensis, 20 Fossombronia sp., 20 Fossombronia straussiana, 20 Friesodielsia obovata, 59, 59 Frommia ceratophylloides, 61, 62 Fuirena pubescens var. buchananii, 300 Fuirena pubescens, 300 Fuirena stricta subsp. chlorocarpa, 300, 299 Fuirena stricta, 300 Fuirena welwitschii, 300 FUNARIACEAE, 22 Funaria hygrometrica, 22 G Galiniera coffeoides, 241 Galiniera saxifraga, 241, 240 *Galinsoga parviflora, 93, 94 Galium bequaertii, 241 Galium bussei var. bussei, 241 Galium bussei var. glabrum, 241, 240 Galium bussei var. strictius, 241 Galium chloroionanthum, 241 Galium ossiriense, 256 Galium ossirwaense, 256 Galium scabrellum, 241 Galium spurium subsp. africanum, 241 Galium thunbergianum var. hirsutum, 242 Garcinia buchananii, 127, 128 Garcinia gerrardii, 129 passim Garcinia huillensis, 127 passim Garcinia kingaensis, 127 Garcinia mlanjiensis, 127 Garcinia volkensii, 129 Gardenia subacaulis, 242 Gardenia ternifolia subsp. jovis-tonantis var. goetzei, 242, 243 Gazania angustifolia, 99 Gazania krebsiana subsp. serrulata, 95, 94 Gazania lineariloba, 95 Gazania oxyloba, 95 Geissaspis drepanocephala, 161 Geissaspis rubrofarinacea, 152 Geniosporum angolense, 187 Geniosporum baumii, 187 Geniosporum paludosum, 187 Geniosporum rotundifolium, 187 Geniosporum strictum, 187 Genlisea africana, 196 Genlisea hispidula subsp. subglabra, 195 Genlisea hispidula, 195, 194 Genlisea subglabra, 195 GENTIANACEAE, 176 GERANIACEAE, 178 Geranium aculeolatum, 178 Geranium arabicum subsp. arabicum, 178 Geranium incanum subsp. nyassense, 178 Geranium nyassense, 178 Geranium vagans subsp. vagans, 178, 177 Gerardiina angolensis, 265, 266 Gerbera abyssinica, 95 Gerbera ambigua, 95 Gerbera hirsuta, 95 Gerbera kraussii var. gueinzii, 95 Gerbera kraussii var. simuata, 95 Gerbera kraussii, 95 Gerbera piloselloides, 95, Pl. 2 Gerbera viridifolia, 95, 94 Germanea laxiflora, 188 GESNERIACEAE, 180 GIGASPERMACEAE, 22 Gigaspermum repens, 22 Girardinia condensata, Plants of the Nyika Plateau

151 INDEX Girardinia diversifolia, 280, 281 Girardinia heterophylla, 280 Gladiolus brachyandrus, 310 Gladiolus dalenii subsp. andongensis, 310 Gladiolus dalenii subsp. dalenii, 310, Pl. 7 Gladiolus dalenii var. melleri, 310 Gladiolus erectiflorus, 310 Gladiolus goetzei, 310 Gladiolus gregarius, 310 Gladiolus hanningtonii, 310 Gladiolus intonsus, 310 Gladiolus johnstonii, 310 Gladiolus katubensis, 310 Gladiolus laxiflorus, 310 Gladiolus melleri, 310, 311 Gladiolus muenzneri, 310, Pl. 7 Gladiolus natalensis var. melleri, 310 Gladiolus nyikensis, 310 Gladiolus oatesii, 310 Gladiolus psittacinus, 310 Gladiolus tritonioides, 310 Gladiolus unguiculatus, 310 Gladiolus vallidissimus, 310 Gladiolus velutinus, 310, Pl. 7 Gladiolus venulosus, 310 Gladiolus xanthus, 310 GLEICHENIACEAE, 31 Gleichenia elongata, 31, 32 Gleichenia polypodioides, 31, 32 Globimetula anguliflora, 201, 199 Globimetula rubripes, 201 Gloriosa simplex, 294 Gloriosa superba, 294, 293 Glossostelma carsonii, 70, 71 Glossostelma nyikense, 70 Glycine wightii subsp. petitiana var. mearnsii, 167 Gnaphalium argenteum, 97 Gnaphalium foetidum, 97 Gnaphalium luteo-album, 103 Gnaphalium oligandrum, 103 Gnaphalium splendidum, 98 Gnidia buchananii, 276 Gnidia chrysantha, 276 Gnidia fastigiata, 276 Gnidia flavus, 276 Gnidia glauca, 276 Gnidia goetzeana, 276 Gnidia involucrata, 276 Gnidia kraussiana, 276, 277 Gomphocarpus amabilis, 67 Gomphocarpus buchwaldii, 75 Gomphocarpus chlorojodina, 70 Gomphocarpus cristatus, 75 Gomphocarpus foliosus, 75 Gomphocarpus glaucophyllus, 75 Gomphocarpus lineolatus, 73 Gomphocarpus palustris, 75 Gomphocarpus praticola, 70 Gomphocarpus swynnertonii, 73, 71 Gouania longispicata, 234, 232 Graderia scabra, 265, 266 GRAMMITIDACEAE, 31 Grammitis rigescens, 31, 32 Grangea latifolia, 91 Grewia mildbraedii, 276 Grewia sp., 276 Grewia stolzii, 279, 277 Grumilea kirkii, 251 Grumilea macrantha, 251 Grumilea punicea, 251 Guizotia nyikensis, 95 Guizotia scabra subsp. scabra, 95, 96 Guizotia schultzei, 95 Gunnera perpensa, 180, 179 Gymnosporia buchananii, 125, 126 Gymnosporia buxifolioides, 125 Gymnosporia harveyana, 125 Gymnosporia heterophylla, 125 Gymnosporia mossambicensis, 125 Gymnosporia senegalensis, 127 Gynophyge tansaniensis, 61 Gynura aurantiaca, 91 Gynura cernua, 89 Gynura crepidioides, 89 Gynura picridifolia, 89 Gynura rubens, 89 Gynura sarcobasis, 89 Gynura scandens, 95, 96 Gynura vitellina, 91 H Habenaria altior, 336 Habenaria anaphysema, 325 Habenaria arianae, 325, 324 Habenaria chlorotica, 325 Habenaria clavata, 325 Habenaria cordifolia, 328 Habenaria cornuta, 325 Habenaria ctenophora, 328 Habenaria dactylostigma, 328 Habenaria debeerstiana, 325 Habenaria diselloides, 325, Pl. 8 Habenaria filicornis, 325 Habenaria furcipetala, 326 Habenaria goetzeana, 325, 324 Habenaria gonatosiphon, 325 Habenaria hirsutitrunci, 326 Habenaria hologlossa, 326 Habenaria insolita, 326 Habenaria kilimanjari, 326 Habenaria kyimbilae, 326 Habenaria laurentii, 326 Habenaria leucoceras, 326 Habenaria leucotricha var. leucotricha, 326 Habenaria lithophila, 326 Habenaria livingstoniana, 326 Habenaria ludens, 328 Habenaria lurida, 328 Habenaria lutaria, 326 Habenaria macrura, 326 Habenaria malacophylla, 336 Habenaria martialis, 326 Habenaria mechowii, 326 Habenaria modica, 328 Habenaria njamnjamica, 326 Habenaria nyikensis, 326, 327 Habenaria odorata, 326 Habenaria orthocaulis, 325 Habenaria papyracea, 326 Habenaria parvifolia, 326 Habenaria pentaglossa, 326 Habenaria petitiana, 326 Habenaria petraea, 328 Habenaria praestans var. praestans, 328 Habenaria pubidens, 328, 327 Habenaria retinervis, 328 Habenaria rhombocorys, 328 Habenaria riparia, 328 Habenaria schimperiana, 328 Habenaria splendens, 328 Habenaria stenorhynchos, 328 Habenaria subcornuta, 325 Habenaria tentaculigera, 328 Habenaria tenuifolia, 328 Habenaria tenuispica, 328 Habenaria thomsonii, 336 Habenaria trachypetala, 328, 327, Pl. 8 Habenaria uhehensis, 328 Habenaria uhligii, 326 Habenaria unicicalcar, 328 Habenaria verdickii, 328 Habenaria weberiana, 336 Habenaria welwitschii, 328 Habenaria williamsonii, 325 Habenaria xanthochlora, 328 Habenaria zambesina, 329 Haemanthus multiflorus, 287 Hagenia abyssinica, 237, 236 Halleria elliptica, 270 Halleria lucida, 265, 267 HALORAGACEAE, 180 Haplocarpha scaposa, 95, 96 Haplocarpha thunbergii, 95 Harungana madagascariensis, 129, 128 Haumaniastrum lantanoides, 184 Haumaniastrum villosum, 184, 185 Hebenstretia angolensis, 270, 271 Hebenstretia comosa var. integrifolia, 270 Hebenstretia comosa, 270 Hebenstretia elongata, 270 Hedbergia abyssinica, 265, 267 HEDWIGIACEAE, 22 Hedythyrsus thamnoideus, 242, 243 Heinsenia diervilleoides subsp. diervilleoides, 242, 243 Helichrysum abietinum, 95 Helichrysum abyssinicum, 98 Helichrysum angustifrondeum, 112 Helichrysum antunesii, 98 Helichrysum brassii, 95 Helichrysum buchananii, 97 Helichrysum ceres, 97 Helichrysum chamaethamnos, 99 Helichrysum chrysargyrum, 112 Helichrysum cooperi, 112 Helichrysum coriaceum, 98 Helichrysum cymosum subsp. fruticosum, 97 Helichrysum engeleri, 98 Helichrysum flammeiceps, 98 Helichrysum foetidum var. citreum, 97 Helichrysum foetidum var. pallidum, 97 Helichrysum foetidum, 97 Helichrysum forskahlii var. forskahlii, 97, Pl. 2 Helichrysum fruticosum, 97 Helichrysum geminatum, 113 Helichrysum gerberifolium, 98 Helichrysum giorgii, 98 Helichrysum goetzeanum, 97 Helichrysum hendersonae, 98 Helichrysum herbaceum, 97 Helichrysum hilliardiae, 97 Helichrysum kassneri, 97 Helichrysum kirkii var. concolor, 97 Helichrysum kirkii var. kirkii, 97 Helichrysum kirkii var. luteorubellum, 97 Helichrysum kirkii var. petersii, 97, 96 Plants of the Nyika Plateau 395

152 INDEX Helichrysum kundelungense, 97 Helichrysum latifolium, 98 Helichrysum leiopodium, 98 Helichrysum lepidorhizum, 97 Helichrysum leptothamnus, 97 Helichrysum luteorubellum, 97 Helichrysum mechowianum var. ceres, 97 Helichrysum mechowianum var. vernonioides, 98 Helichrysum milanjiense, 97 Helichrysum milne-redheadii, 113 Helichrysum monocephalum, 97 Helichrysum nitens subsp. nitens, 98 Helichrysum nudifolium var. leiopodium, 98 Helichrysum nudifolium var. nudifolium, 98 Helichrysum nudifolium var. pilosellum, 98 Helichrysum odoratissimum, 98 Helichrysum patulifolium, 98 Helichrysum pawekiae, 98 Helichrysum petersii var. angustifolium, 97 Helichrysum petersii var. subglabrum, 97 Helichrysum petersii, 97 Helichrysum pilosellum, 98 Helichrysum plantaginifolium, 98 Helichrysum quartinianum, 98 Helichrysum rosmarinum, 98 Helichrysum setosum, 98 Helichrysum splendens, 97 Helichrysum splendidum, 98 Helichrysum squamosifolium, 97 Helichrysum squamosum, 113 Helichrysum sulphureo-fuscum, 99 Helichrysum tillandsiifolium, 99, Pl. 2 Helichrysum tithonioides, 99 Helichrysum trachyphyllum, 113 Helichrysum verbascifolium, 97 Helichrysum vernonioides, 98 Helictotrichon elongatum, 348, 347 Helictotrichon milanjianum, 348 Helinus mystacinus, 234, 232 Heliotropium zeylanicum, 117, 116 Heracleum abyssinicum, 61, 62 Hermannia glanduligera, 275 Hermannia tigreensis, 275, 273 Herschelia baurii, 318 Herschelia longilabris, 321 Herschelia praecox, 321 Herschelianthe baurii, 318 Hesperantha longicollis, 310 Hesperantha matopensis, 310 Hesperantha petitiana, 313, 311 Heteranthera callifolia, 366, 367 Heteranthera kotschyana, 366 Heteranthera potamogeton, 366 Heteromorpha abyssinica, 61 Heteromorpha arborescens var. abyssinica, 61, 64 Heteromorpha arborescens var. montana, 67 Heteromorpha involucrata, 63 Heteromorpha kassneri, 63 Heteromorpha trifoliata, 61 Heteropholis sulcata, 348, 349 Heteropogon contortus, 348, 349 HETEROPYXIDACEAE, 180 Heteropyxis dehniae, 180, 181 *Hibiscus acetosella, 203 Hibiscus calyphyllus, 203 *Hibiscus cannabinus, 203, 205 Hibiscus debeerstii, 203 Hibiscus lobatus, 203 Hibiscus ludwigii, 204 Hibiscus nyikensis, 203 Hibiscus ovalifolius, 203 Hibiscus physaloides, 204 Hibiscus rhodanthus, 204 Hibiscus wildii, 203 Hieracium capense, 109 Hippia integrifolia, 91 HIPPOCRATEACEAE, 180 Hippocratea buchananii, 183 Hippocratea goetzei, 180 Hirpicium angustifolium, 99, 100 Holmesia parva, 314 Holostylon baumii, 187 Holostylon katangense, 188 Holothrix brachycheira, 329 Holothrix buchananii, 329 Holothrix longiflora, 329 Holothrix nyasae, 329 Holothrix papillosa, 329, 327 Holothrix pleistodactyla, 329, 330 Holothrix puberula, 329 Holothrix rorida, 329 Holothrix tridactylites, 329 Homalocheilos ramosissimum, 184 Homozeugos eylesii, 348, 349 Humularia apiculata, 161, 162 Humularia bakeriana, 161 Humularia decampsii var. abercornensis, 161 Humularia descampsii var. nyassica, 161 Humularia drepanocephala var. drepanocephala, 161 Humularia grahamiana, 161 Humularia luentensis, 161 Humularia maclouniei, 152 Humularia rubrofarinacea, 152 Huperzia dacrydioides, 34 Huperzia gnidioides, 34, 35 Huperzia ophioglossoides, 34 Huperzia verticillata, 34 HYACINTHACEAE, 307 Hydrocotyle mannii, 63, 64 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, 63 passim Hymenodictyon floribundum, 242, 243 HYMENOPHYLLACEAE, 31 Hymenophyllum capillare, 31 Hymenophyllum kuhnii, 31, 33 Hymenophyllum polyanthos var. kuhnii, 31 Hymenophyllum splendidum, 31 Hyparrhenia anamesa, 348 Hyparrhenia cymbaria, 348 Hyparrhenia dichroa, 350 passim Hyparrhenia dregeana, 350, 351 Hyparrhenia filipendula var. filipendula, 350 Hyparrhenia formosa, 350 Hyparrhenia mobukensis, 350, 349 Hyparrhenia newtonii var. macra, 350 Hyparrhenia newtonii var. newtonii, 350 Hyparrhenia nyassae, 350 Hyparrhenia pilgeriana, 350 Hyparrhenia poecilotricha, 350 passim Hyparrhenia rufa, 350 Hyparrhenia schimperi, 350 Hyparrhenia simplex, 366 Hyparrhenia variabilis, 350 Hyparrhenia welwitschii, 350 Hypericophyllum compositarum, 99, 100 Hypericum conjungens, 129 Hypericum lalandii, 129 Hypericum peplidifolium, 129 Hypericum quartinianum, 129 Hypericum revolutum subsp. revolutum, 129 Hypericum scioanum, 129, 130 HYPNACEAE, 22 Hypoestes aristata var. alba, 48 Hypoestes aristata var. aristata, 48, 50 Hypoestes aristata var. macrophylla, 48 Hypoestes forskaolii, 48 Hypoestes verticillaris, 48 HYPOXIDACEAE, 309 Hypoxis dregei, 309 Hypoxis filiformis, 309 Hypoxis goetzei, 309 Hypoxis malosana, 309 Hypoxis nyasica, 309 Hypoxis polystachya, 309, 308 Hypoxis villosa, 309 I Iboza riparia, 192 ICACINACEAE, 183 Icomum salicifolium, 183 Ilex mitis, 75, 77 Impatiens assurgens, 113 Impatiens brachycentra, 115 Impatiens eryaleia, 113 Impatiens gomphophylla subsp. gomphophylla, 115, 114, Pl. 2 Impatiens hochstetteri subsp. hochstetteri, 115 Impatiens hydrogetonoides, 115 Impatiens polyantha, 115, Pl. 2 Impatiens prainiana, 115 Impatiens rubromaculata subsp. schulziana, 115 Impatiens schulziana, 115 Impatiens species A, 115, Pl. 2 Impatiens tinctoria subsp. latifolia, 115, 114, Pl. 2 Impatiens zombensis, 115 Imperata cylindrica, 353, 351 Indigofera antunesiana, 161 Indigofera astragalina, 161 Indigofera atriceps subsp. atriceps, 161 Indigofera dendroides, 161 Indigofera emarginella, 161 Indigofera fulvopilosa, 161 Indigofera fuscosetosa, 161 Indigofera garckeana, 161 Indigofera goetzei, 161 Indigofera hedyantha, 161, 162 Indigofera hilaris var. microscypha, 163 Indigofera hilaris, 163 Indigofera homblei subsp. homblei, 163 Indigofera johnstonii, 163 Indigofera longibarbata, 163 Indigofera lyallii subsp. nyassica, 163 Indigofera microscypha, 163 Indigofera milne-redheadii, 163 Indigofera mimosoides var. mimosoides, 163 Indigofera nyikense, 163 Indigofera patula, 163 Indigofera peltata, 163 Indigofera rhynchocarpa var. quadrangularis, 161 Indigofera roseo-caerulea, 163 Indigofera sp., 173 Indigofera subulifera, Plants of the Nyika Plateau

153 INDEX Indigofera tetragona, 161 Indigofera thomsonii, 163 Indigofera trachyphylla, 163 Indigofera viscosa, 171 Inula acervata, 99 Inula bakeriana, 99 Inula claessensii, 99 Inula glomerata, 99 Inula indica, 103 Inula leptoclada, 103 Inula macrophylla, 99 Inula mannii, 99 Inula paniculata, 99, 100 Inula shirensis, 99 Ipomoea alpina, 131 Ipomoea alpina, 131 Ipomoea digitata, 131 Ipomoea eriosperma, 131 Ipomoea fulvicaulis, 131 Ipomoea involucrata var. involucrata, 131 Ipomoea linosepala subsp. alpina, 131 Ipomoea linosepala subsp. linosepala, 131 Ipomoea mauritiana, 131, 134 Ipomoea paniculata, 131 Ipomoea recta, 133 Ipomoea tenuirostris subsp. tenuirostris, 133 Ipomoea wightii var. wightii, 133 IRIDACEAE, 309 Isachne aethiopica, 353 Isachne angolensis, 353 Isachne mauritiana, 353, 351 Isoberlinia angolensis var. lasiocalyx, 121, 120, Pl. 3 Isoberlinia tomentosa, 121 Isodon ramosissimus, 184, 185 ISOETACEAE, 34 Isoetes schweinfurthii, 34, 33 Isoetes sp. A, 34 Isoglossa strigulosa, 51, 50 Isoglossa substrobilina, 51 Isolepis fluitans, 300, 299 J Jasminum abyssinicum, 219, 221 Jasminum goetzeanum, 219 Jasminum odoratissimum subsp. goetzeanum, 219 Jasminum pauciflorum, 219 Jaumea compositarum, 99 Jaumea johnstonii, 99 Jaundea pinnata, 131 Julbernardia globiflora, 121, 120, Pl. 3 Julbernardia paniculata, 121 JUNCACEAE, 314 Juncellus alopecuroides, 298 Juncus dregeanus, 314, 312 Juncus fontanesii, 314 Juncus oxycarpus, 314 Juncus quartinianus, 314 Juncus suboxycarpus, 314 JUNGERMANNIACEAE, 20 Jungermannia sp., 20 Juniperus procera, 46, 47, Pl. 1 Justicia bicalyculata, 54 Justicia fasciata, 54 Justicia goetzei, 51 Justicia kirkiana, 54 Justicia linearispica, 51 Justicia melampyrum, 51 Justicia mollugo, 51 Justicia mutica, 54 Justicia nuttii, 51 Justicia petiolaris subsp. bowiei, 54 Justicia phyllostachys, 51 Justicia schliebenii, 51 Justicia striata, 51, 52 K Kaempferia aethiopica, 368 Kalanchoe crenata, 135, 134 Kalanchoe laciniata, 135 Kalanchoe lanceolata, 135 Keetia foetida, 242 passim Keetia gueinzii, 242, 244 Keetia zanzibarica subsp. cornelioides, 242 Kiggelaria africana, 173, 175 Kniphofia grantii, 292, 291, Pl. 7 Kniphofia linearifolia, 292, Pl. 7 Kniphofia longistyla, 292 Kniphofia princeae, 292, Pl. 7 Kniphofia reynoldsii, 292 Kniphofia rhodesiana, 292 Kniphofia splendida, 292 Kniphofia zombensis, 292 Koeleria capensis, 353, 351 Koeleria cristata, 353 Kohautia coccinea, 242, 244 Kosteletzkya adoensis, 204, 205 Kotschya aeschynomenoides, 163 Kotschya africana var. latifoliola, 163 Kotschya carsonii subsp. carsonii, 163 Kotschya eurycalyx subsp. venulosa, 164 Kotschya recurvifolia subsp. recurvifolia, 164, Pl. 3 Kotschya thymodora subsp. septentrionalis, 164, 162 Kotschya uguenensis, 163 Kotschya uguenensis, 164 Kryptostoma goetzeana, 325 Kryptostoma tentaculigera, 328 Kyllinga alba, 301, 302 Kyllinga tenuifolia, 301 Kyllinga triceps, 301 Kyllingiella microcephala, 301, 302 L Lablab niger, 164 Lablab purpureus subsp. uncinatus var. uncinatus, 164, 165 Lactuca calophylla, 99 Lactuca glandulifera var. calva, 101 Lactuca glandulifera, 101, 100 Lactuca integrifolia, 101 Lactuca lasiorhiza, 101 Lactuca nana, 101 Lactuca paradoxa, 101 Lactuca praecox, 101 Lactuca welwitschii, 101 Lagenaria abyssinca, 135, 136 Laggera alata, 101 Laggera brevipes, 101, 102 Laggera crispata, 101 Laggera crispate var. appendiculata, 101 Laggera heteromalla, 99 LAMIACEAE, 183 Landolphia buchananii, 73, 71 Landolphia kirkii, 75 Landolphia petersiana, 67 Lannea discolor, 56 Lannea edulis, 56, 57 *Lantana trifolia, 280, 282 Lapeirousia erythrantha var. setifolia, 313 Lapeirousia schimperi, 313, 311 Lapeirousia setifolia, 313, Pl. 7 Lapeirousia welwitschii, 313 Laportea alatipes, 280, 281 Lasianthus kilimandscharicus subsp. kilimandscharicus, 242, 244 Lasiopus ambiguus, 95 Lasiopus viridifolius, 95 Lasiosiphon glaucus, 276 Lasiosiphon kraussianus var. villosus, 276 Lasiosiphon kraussianus, 276 Lathyrus hygrophilus, 164, 165 Lathyrus hygrophilus, 171 Lathyrus kilimandscharicus, 164 Launaea nana, 101 Launaea rarifolia var. rarifolia, 101, 102 LAURACEAE, 192 Laurembergia tetrandra subsp. brachypoda var. brachypoda, 180, 179 Ledebouria revoluta, 307, 308 Leersia hexandra, 353, 351 Lefebvrea abyssinica, 63, 64 Lefebvrea angolensis, 63 Lefebvrea brevipes, 67 Lefebvrea grantii, 63 Lefebvrea longipedicellata, 67 Lefebvrea microcarpa, 63 Lefebvrea naegeleana, 67 Lefebvrea stuhlmannii, 63 Lefebvrea welwitschii, 63 Lelya osteocarpa var. angustifolia, 242 Lelya osteocarpa, 242 Lelya prostrata var. angustifolia, 242 Lelya prostrata var. prostrata, 242, 244 LENTIBULARIACEAE, 195 Leonotis decadonta var. decadonta, 184 Leonotis leonurus, 184 Leonotis myricifolia, 184, 185 Leonotis nepetifolia, 192 Leonotis ocymifolia var. raineriana, 184 Leonotis pole-evansii, 184 passim Lepidagathis sparsiceps, 51, 52 Lepidotrichilia volkensii, 208, 207 Lepisorus excavatus, 38 Leptactina benguelensis subsp. pubescens, 245, 244 Leptocarydion vulpiastrum, 353, 352 Leptodontium near viticulosoides, 23 Leptodontium sp., 23 Leucas deflexa var. kondowensis, 184, 185 Leucas masukuensis, 191 Leucas megasphaera, 184 Leucas myriantha, 191 LEUCOBRYACEAE, 23 Leucobryum sp., 23 Lightfootia capitata, 123 Lightfootia hirsuta, 123 Lightfootia huttonii, 123 Lightfootia lycopodioides, 123 Lightfootia napiformis, 123 Lightfootia ramosissima, 123 Lightfootia subaphylla, 123 Limnogenneton abyssinicum, 107 Limosella australis, 268, 266 Limosella subulata, 268 Plants of the Nyika Plateau 397

154 INDEX LINACEAE, 196 Lindernia bifolia, 270 Lindernia insularis, 265 Lindernia nummulariifolia, 268, 267 Linociera battiscombei, 219 Linum holstii, 196 Linum thunbergii, 196 Linum volkensii, 196, 194 Liparis bowkeri, 329, 330 Liparis deistelii, 338 Liparis mulindana, 329, 330 Liparis neglecta, 329 Liparis nervosa, 329 Liparis nyikana, 329, 330 Liparis rungweensis, 329 Liparis rupicola, 329 Lipocarpha comosa, 301, 302 Lippia africana var. villosa, 283 Lippia baumii var. nyassensis, 280 Lippia javanica, 283 Lippia plicata, 283, 282 Lippia strobiliformis, 283 Lippia whytei, 283 Lippia wilmsii var. villosa, 283 Lippia woodii, 283 Lissochilus carsonii, 325 Lissochilus elegantulus, 325 Lissochilus eleogenus, 323 Lissochilus sceptrum, 323 Lissochilus shirensis, 325 Lissochilus smithii, 325 Lithospermum afromontanum, 117, 116 Littonia lindeni, 294, 293 LOBELIACEAE, 196 Lobelia giberroa, 196, 197, Pl. 4 Lobelia goetzei, 196 Lobelia heyneana, 198 Lobelia holstii, 196 Lobelia intertexta, 198 Lobelia mildbraedii, 198, Pl. 4 Lobelia nyikensis, 198 Lobelia ovina, 198 Lobelia squarrosa, 196 Lobelia stricklandiae, 198, Pl. 4 Lobelia trullifolia subsp. trullifolia, 198, Pl. 4 Lobelia usambarensis var. calantha, 198 Lobelia welwitschii, 198, 197 LOMARIOPSIDACEAE, 34 Lopholaena brevipes, 101 Lopholaena dolichopappa, 101, 102 Lopholaena pauciflora, 101 LORANTHACEAE, 198 Loranthus annulatus, 198 Loranthus dregei var. nyasicus, 200 Loranthus eylesii, 198 Loranthus inaequilaterus, 200 Loranthus nyikense, 200 Loranthus rubiginosus, 201 Loranthus rufescens, 201 Loranthus sp., 200 Loranthus subsericeus, 200 Loranthus tenuifolius, 200 Lotononis stolzii, 164, 165 Lotus discolor subsp. discolor, 164, 165 Lotus goetzei, 164 Loudetia arundinaceae, 353 Loudetia simplex, 353, 352 Loxogramme abyssinica, 38, 41 Loxogramme lanceolata, 38 Ludwigia stenorraphe subsp. macrosepala, 220 Ludwigia stolonifera, 220, 222 LUNULARIACEAE, 20 Lunularia cruciata, 20, 20 LYCOPODIACEAE, 34 Lycopodiella cernua, 34, 35 Lycopodiella cernuum, 34 Lycopodium carolinianum var. affine, 34 Lycopodium clavatum, 36, 35 Lycopodium dacrydioides, 34 Lycopodium gnidioides, 34 Lycopodium inflexum, 36 Lycopodium ophioglossoides, 34 Lycopodium verticillatum, 34 Lysimachia ruhmeriana, 229, 228 LYTHRACEAE, 203 M Macaranga capensis var. kilimandscharica, 146 Macaranga capensis, 146, 147 Macaranga kilimandscharica, 146 Macledium plantaginifolium, 91 Macromitrium sp., 23 Macrorungia pubinervia, 51 Macrosiphon fistulosus, 268 Macrotyloma axillare var. macrantha, 164, 165 Maerua juncea subsp. juncea, 123, 122 Maerua triphylla, 125 Maesa lanceolata, 216, 214 Magnistipula bangweolensis, 127 Magnistipula butayei subsp. bangweolensis, 127, 128 Malabaila abyssinica, 61 Malabaila kirungae, 61 Malabaila rivae, 61 Malaxis katangensis, 329, 330 Malaxis schliebenii, 338 MALVACEAE, 203 Manilkara discolor, 260, 262 Manostachya staelioides, 245, 246 MARATTIACEAE, 36 Marattia fraxinea var. salicifolia, 36 Marattia fraxinea, 36, 37 MARCHANTIACEAE, 21 Margaretta cornetii, 73 Margaretta decipiens, 73 Margaretta holstii, 73 Margaretta orbicularis, 73 Margaretta pulchella, 73 Margaretta rosea subsp. bidens, 73, 72 Margaretta verdickii, 73 Mariscus alternifolius, 301 Mariscus cylindristachyus, 301 Mariscus deciduus, 301 Mariscus dubius subsp. dubius, 301 Mariscus foliosus, 301 Mariscus keniensis, 300 Mariscus longibracteatus, 301 Mariscus rubrotinctus, 301 Mariscus sumatrensis, 301, 302 Mariscus tomaiophyllus, 300 Mariscus umbellatus, 301 Marsea celebris, 89 Maytenus acuminata var. acuminata, 127 Maytenus buchananii, 125 Maytenus heterophylla, 125 Maytenus mossambicensis, 125 Maytenus senegalensis, 127 Maytenus undata, 127, 126 Megalastrum lanuginosum, 28, 30 Melanthera albinervia subsp. albinervia, 101, 102 Melasma calycinum, 268, 267 MELASTOMATACEAE, 204 MELIACEAE, 208 MELIANTHACEAE, 208 Melinis ambigua subsp. ambigua, 353, 352 Melinis ambigua subsp. longicauda, 353 Melinis longicauda, 353 Melinis macrochaeta, 353 Melinis minutiflora, 353 Melinis nerviglumis, 354, 352 Melinis repens var. nigricans, 354 Melinis tenuinervis, 353 Mellera submutica, 51, 52 Melochia corchorifolia, 275, 274 Melpomene flabelliformis, 31 Memycylon flavovirens, 208, 206 MENISPERMACEAE, 210 Merxmuellera davyi, 354, 352 Metarungia pubinervia, 51, 53 METEORIACEAE, 23 Metzleria sp., 22 Micranthus imbricatus, 54 Microchloa altera, 354 Microchloa caffra, 354, 355 Microchloa indica, 354 Microchloa kunthii, 354 Microcoelia eriocosma, 329 Microcoelia globulosa, 329 Microcoelia stolzii, 329, 330 Microglossa densiflora, 101 Microglossa longiradiata, 101 Microglossa oblongifolia, 87 Microglossa pyrifolia, 103, 102 Microglossa volubilis, 103 Microholmesia parva, 314 Micromeria quartiniana, 191 Micromeria schimperi, 191 Mikania chevalieri, 113 Mikania cordata var. chevalieri, 113 Mikania laxa, 113 MIMOSACEAE, 210 Mimulopsis sesamoides, 51 Mimulopsis solmsii, 51, 53 Mimulopsis violacea, 51 Mimusops discolor, 260 Mimusops zeyheri, 260, 262 *Mirabilis jalapa, 216, 217 MNIACEAE, 23 Moghania rhodocarpa, 161 Mohria caffrorum, 43 Mohria hirsuta, 43 Mohria lepigera, 43 Mohria marginalis, 43 Mohria nudiuscula, 43 Mohria vestita, 43, 44 MOLLUGINACEAE, 212 Mollugo nudicaulis, 212, 213 Momordica foetida, 135, 136 Momordica friesiorum, 135 Monactinocephalus paniculatus, 99 Monadenium chevalieri var. spathulatum, 146 Monadenium orobanchoides, 146, 147 Monechma varians, 51, 53 MONIMIACEAE, 212 Monocymbium ceresiiforme, 354, Plants of the Nyika Plateau

155 INDEX Monotes africanus, 138 Monotes discolor var. cordatus, 138, 139 MORACEAE, 212 Moraea macrantha, 313, Pl. 7 Moraea schimperi, 313 Moraea stricta, 313 Moraea tanzanica, 313, 311 Moraea textilis, 313 Moraea thomsonii, 314 Moraea zambesiaca, 313 Morella salicifolia subsp. kilimandscharica var. kilimandscharica, 215, 214 Morella serrata, 215 Moschosma multiflorum, 192 Mucuna coriacea, 164 Mucuna pesa, 164 Mucuna poggei subsp. pesa, 164 Mucuna stans, 164, 166 Multidentia crassa var. crassa, 245, 246 Murdannia simplex, 297, 295 MUSACEAE, 314 Muschleria stolzii, 86 Mussaenda abyssinica, 245 Mussaenda arcuata, 245, 246 Mussaenda laurifolia, 245 Myrianthus holstii, 125, 124 Myrianthus mildbraedii, 125 MYRICACEAE, 215 Myrica humilis, 215 Myrica salicifolia, 215 Myrica serrata, 215 MYROTHAMNACEAE, 215 Myrothamnus flabellifolius, 215, 214 MYRSINACEAE, 216 Myrsine africana, 216, 214 Myrsiphyllum asparagoides, 290 MYRTACEAE, 216 Mystacidium muscicolum, 333 Mystacidium tanganyikense, 331, 332 Mystroxylon aethiopicum subsp. schlechteri, 127, 126 N Neobolusia stolzii var. stolzii, 331, 332 Neoboutonia macrocalyx, 146, 147 Neonotonia wightii subsp. petitiana var. mearnsii, 167, 166 Nephrolepis undulata, 36, 37 Nervilia ballii, 331, 332 Nervilia crociformis, 331 Nervilia erosa, 331 Nervilia fuerstenbergiana, 331 Nervilia humilis, 331 Nervilia pectinata, 331, 332 Nervilia reniformis, 331 Nervilia stolziana, 331 Nervillia shirensis, 331 Newtonia buchananii, 212, 211 Nidorella auriculata subsp. polycephala, 103 Nidorella auriculata, 103, 104 Nidorella malosana, 103 Nidorella obovata, 103 Nidorella pinnatilobata, 103 Nidorella rapunculoides, 103 Nidorella resedifolia, 103 Nidorella spartioides, 103 Nidorella welwitschii, 89 Nuxia congesta, 117, 118 Nuxia floribunda, 119 NYCTAGINACEAE, 216 O OCHNACEAE, 219 Ochna holstii, 219 Ochna katangensis, 219 Ochna oxyphylla, 219 Ochna schweinfurthiana, 219 Ochna stolzii, 219, 218 Ocimum decumbens, 184, 185 Ocimum grandiflorum, 192 Ocimum gratissimum subsp. gratissimum var. gratissimum, 187 Ocimum kapiriense, 187 Ocimum konianense, 187 Ocimum obovatum subsp. crystallinum, 187 Ocimum obovatum subsp. obovatum var. galpinii, 187 Ocimum obovatum subsp. obovatum var. obovatum, 187 Ocimum odontopetalum, 187 Ocimum punctatum, 187 Ocimum suave, 187 Ocimum trichodon, 187 Ocimum urticifolium, 187 Ocotea kenyensis, 195 Ocotea usambarensis, 195, 194 Oedina pendens, 201, 199 OLACACEAE, 219 Oldenlandia angolensis var. angolensis, 245 Oldenlandia echinulosa var. pellucida, 245 Oldenlandia herbacea, 245, 246 Oldenlandia luzuloides, 238 Oldenlandia pellucida var. pellucida, 245 Oldenlandia rosulata var. parviflora, 245 OLEACEAE, 219 Olea africana, 220 Olea capensis subsp. welwitschii, 220 Olea europaea subsp. africana, 220 Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata, 220 Olea europaea, 220 Olea welwitschii, 220, 221 OLEANDRACEAE, 36 Oleandra distenta var. distenta, 36, 37 OLINIACEAE, 220 Olinia rochetiana, 220, 221 ONAGRACEAE, 220 Onus submuticus, 51 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE, 36 Ophioglossum convexum, 36, 39 Ophioglossum lusoafricanum, 36 Ophioglossum polyphyllum, 36 Ophioglossum rubellum, 36 Ophioglossum vulgatum subsp. africanum var. africanum, 36 Oplismenus hirtellus, 354, 355 Oplismenus undulatiformis, 354 Oplismenus volkensii, 366 ORCHIDACEAE, 314 Oreobambos buchwaldii, 354, 355 Oreosyce africana, 135, 137 Ormocarpum bibracteatum, 167 Ormocarpum kirkii, 167, 166 OROBANCHACEAE, 220 Orobanche minor, 220, 222 ORTHOTRICHACEAE, 23 Oryza barthii, 357, 356 Osiridicarpus scandens, 256 Osiridicarpus schimperianus, 256, 258 OSMUNDACEAE, 38 Osmunda regalis, 38, 39 Osteospermum moniliferum, 87 Osteospermum monocephalum, 103, 104 Osteospermum nyikensis, 103 Osyridocarpus linearifolius, 259 Osyris angustifolia, 259 Osyris compressa, 259 Osyris lanceolata, 259 Osyris quadripartita, 259, 258 Otholobium foliosum subsp. foliosum, 167, 166 Otiophora caerulea, 245 Otiophora latifolia, 245 Otiophora parviflora var. iringensis, 245 Otiophora scabra subsp. scabra, 245, 247 Otiophora stolzii, 245 Otiophora villicaulis var. iringensis, 245 Otiophora villicaulis var. villicaulis, 245 Otiophora villicaulis var. villosa, 245 OXALIDACEAE, 223 Oxalis anthelmintica, 223, 222 Oxalis chapmaniae, 223, Pl. 4 *Oxalis corniculata, 223 Oxalis latifolia, 223 passim Oxalis obliquifolia, 223 Oxalis semiloba, 223 Oxalis trichophylla, 223 Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. stenocarpus, 248, 247 Ozoroa insignis subsp. reticulata, 56, 58 P Pachycarpus goetzei, 73 Pachycarpus lineolatus, 73, 72 Pachycarpus mildbraedii, 73 Pachycarpus schweinfurthii, 73 Pachycarpus spurius, 73 Pachystigma pygmaeum, 248, 247 PALLAVICINIACEAE, 21 Pallavicinia cf. lyellii, 21 Pallavicinia lyellii, 21 Panicum adenophorum, 357 Panicum aequinerve, 357 Panicum caudiglume, 357 Panicum chionachne, 357 Panicum claytonii, 357 Panicum delicatulum, 357 Panicum ecklonii, 357 Panicum grandiflorum, 357 Panicum hymeniochilum, 357 Panicum inaequilatum, 357 Panicum lukwangulense, 357, 356 Panicum maximum, 357, 356 Panicum mobukensi, 366 Panicum monticola, 357 Panicum nyassense, 357 Panicum pectinatum, 357 Panicum pectinellum, 357 Panicum pusillum, 358 Panicum trichocladum, 358 Panicum wiehe, 358 Parinari curatellifolia subsp. mobola, 127 Parinari curatellifolia, 127 Parinari excelsa, 127, 126 Parinari mobola, 127 Parinari whytei, 127 Paspalum scrobiculatum, 358, 356 PASSIFLORACEAE, 223 Plants of the Nyika Plateau 399

156 INDEX Paullinia pinnata, 260, 261 Pauridiantha holstii, 248 Pauridiantha paucinervis subsp. holstii, 248, 247 Pavetta barteri, 248 Pavetta cecilae, 248 Pavetta crassipes, 248 Pavetta kyimbilensis subsp. iringensis, 248 Pavetta kyimbilensis, 248 Pavetta lasiobracteata, 248 Pavetta radicans, 248 Pavetta schumanniana, 248 Pavetta subumbellata var. subumbellata, 248, 249 Pavetta utilis, 248 Pavonia columella, 204, 205 Pavonia urens, 204 Peddiea africana, 276, 277 Peddiea fischeri, 276 Pelargonium apetalum, 178 Pelargonium luridum, 180, 179 Pelargonium whytei, 180 Pellaea pectiniformis, 40, 42 Pellaea quadripinnata, 40 Pennisetum clandestinum, 358 Pennisetum sp., 366 Pennisetum thunbergii, 358, 356 Pennisetum unisetum, 358 Pentanema indicum, 103, 104 Pentanisia crassifolia, 248 Pentanisia rhodesiana, 248 Pentanisia schweinfurthii, 248, 249, Pl. 5 Pentarrhinum abyssinicum subsp. angolense, 73, 72 Pentarrhinum abyssinicum var. angolense, 73 Pentas decora var. decora, 248, 249 Pentas geophila, 248 Pentas lindenioides, 248 Pentas purpurea subsp. purpurea, 248 Pentas schimperiana subsp. schimperiana, 251 Pentas thomsonii, 251 Pentodon pentandrus var. pentandrus, 251, 249 Peperomia abyssinica var. abyssinica, 224, 225 Peperomia goetzeana, 224 Peperomia reflexa, 224 Peperomia retusa var. bachmannii, 224 Peperomia retusa var. mannii, 224 Peperomia tetraphylla, 224 Pericopsis angolensis, 167, 168 Pericopsis bussei, 173 Periploca linearifolia, 73, 72 Periploca linearis, 73 Periploca secamone, 73 Peristrophe aculeata, 51, 53 Peristrophe dewewrei, 54 Peristrophe paniculata, 54 Peristrophe pumila, 54 Peristrophe usta, 54 Peucedanum aberdaricum, 63 Peucedanum articulatum, 63, 64 Peucedanum buchananii, 63 Peucedanum claessensii, 63 Peucedanum eylesii, 63 Peucedanum fraxinifolium, 67 Peucedanum heracleoides, 65 Peucedanum lefebvria, 63 Peucedanum linderi, 63 Peucedanum longipedicellatum, 67 Peucedanum nyassicum, 67 Peucedanum sp. nov., 65 Phacelurus huillensis, 358, 359 Phacelurus schliebenii, 358 Phaulopsis imbricata, 54, 55 Philippia benguelensis, 141 Philippia mannii subsp. pallidiflora, 141 Philippia milanjiensis, 141 Philippia uhehensis, 141 Philonotis africana, 21 Phragmanthera cornetii, 201 Phragmanthera eminii, 201 Phragmanthera proteicola, 201 Phragmanthera usuiensis subsp. sigensis, 201, 199 Phragmites australis, 358 passim Phragmites karka, 358 passim Phragmites mauritianus, 358, 359 Phylica tropica, 234, 232 Phyllanthus arvensis, 146 Phyllanthus beillei, 149, 147 Phyllanthus holostylus, 149 Phyllanthus microphyllinus, 151 Phyllanthus nyassae, 149 Phyllanthus nyikae, 149 Phyllanthus parvus, 149 Phyllanthus paxii, 149 Phyllanthus sp. 2, 149 *Physalis peruviana, 272, 271 Physotrichia buchananii, 61 Physotrichia heracleoides, 65, 66 Physotrichia muriculata, 65 PHYTOLACCACEAE, 224 Phytolacca abyssinica, 224 Phytolacca dodecandra, 224, 225 Pilea ceratomera, 280 Pilea rivularis, 280 Pilea tetraphylla, 280, 281 Piliostigma thonningii, 121, 122 PILOTRICHACEAE, 23 Pimpinella africana, 65 Pimpinella buchananii subsp. buchananii var. buchananii, 65 Pimpinella buchananii var. triradiata, 65 Pimpinella caffra subsp. conopodioides, 65 Pimpinella duridentata, 65 Pimpinella engleriana, 65 Pimpinella favifolia, 65 passim Pimpinella gossweileri, 65 Pimpinella huillensis, 65 Pimpinella hydrophila, 67 passim Pimpinella kassneri, 65 Pimpinella ledermannii subsp. engleriana, 65, 66 Pimpinella mechowii, 65 Pimpinella mulanjensis, 65 passim Pimpinella nyassica, 65 Pimpinella nyassica, 65 Pimpinella platyphylla, 65 Pimpinella robusta, 65 Pimpinella stadensis, 65 Pimpinella stolzii, 65 Pimpinella tomentosa, 65 Pimpinella welwitschii, 65 Pimpinella zernyi, 65 PINACEAE, 46 *Pinus patula, 46, 47 PIPERACEAE, 224 Piper capense var. brachyrachis, 224 Piper capense var. capense, 224, 225 Piptostachya inamoena, 366 PITTOSPORACEAE, 224 Pittosporum viridiflorum, 224, 226 Pityrogramma aurantiaca, 40, 42 Plagiochasma eximium, 20 Plagiomnium rhynchophorum var. reidii, 23 PLAGIOTHECIACEAE, 23 Plagiothecium sp., 23 Platanthera volkensiana, 326 Platostoma rotundifolium, 187, 186 Platostoma strictum, 187 Platycoryne crocea, 331 Platycoryne protearum var. protearum, 331, 332 Plectranthus acaulis, 187, 186 Plectranthus alboviolaceus, 187 Plectranthus alpinus, 187 Plectranthus assurgens, 187 Plectranthus baumii, 187 Plectranthus brevipes, 188 Plectranthus buchananii, 188 Plectranthus daviesii, 188 Plectranthus densus, 188 Plectranthus esculentus, 188 Plectranthus floribundus, 188 Plectranthus goetzii, 188 Plectranthus gracilis, 188 Plectranthus herbaceus, 188 Plectranthus hockii, 188 Plectranthus hoslundioides, 184 Plectranthus kapatensis, 188 Plectranthus katangensis, 188 Plectranthus kipandensis, 192 Plectranthus laxiflorus, 188 Plectranthus malawiensis, 188 Plectranthus masukensis, 188 Plectranthus modestus, 189 Plectranthus nyikensis, 189 Plectranthus primulinus, 188 Plectranthus pubescens, 189 Plectranthus ramosissimus, 184 Plectranthus salubenii, 188 Plectranthus schizophyllus, 189 Plectranthus seyanii, 188 Plectranthus shirensis, 189, 186 Plectranthus sp. nov., 189 Plectranthus stenophyllus, 192 Plectranthus stenosiphon, 189 Plectranthus sylvestris, 189 Plectranthus thyrsoideus, 189 Plectranthus viphyensis, 189 Plectranthus zebrarum, 189 Plectronia gueinzii, 242 Plectronia hispida, 242 Pleiotaxis latisquama, 103 Pleiotaxis pulcherrima, 103, 104 Pleopeltis excavata, 38 Pleopeltis macrocarpa, 38, 41 Pleuridium sp., 22 Pleurostylia africana, 127, 128 Pleurostylia capensis, 127 passim Pluchea crenata, 87 POACEAE, 338 Poa annua, 358 Poa leptoclada, 358 Poa schimperana, 358, 359 PODOCARPACEAE, 46 Podocarpium repandum, Plants of the Nyika Plateau

157 INDEX Podocarpus ensiculus, 46 Podocarpus falcatus, 46 Podocarpus gracilior, 46 Podocarpus milanjianus, 46, 47 Poecilostachys oplismenoides, 361, 359 Pogonatum cf. penichaetiale, 23 Pogonatum sp., 23 Pohlia sp., 23 Polycarpaea eriantha var. eriantha, 125, 124 POLYGALACEAE, 224 Polygala albida subsp. stanleyana, 224, 226 Polygala erioptera subsp. erioptera, 227 Polygala exelliana, 227 Polygala lactiflora, 227 Polygala macrostigma, 227 Polygala nyikense, 227 Polygala ohlendorfiana, 227 Polygala petitiana, 227 Polygala splendens, 227 Polygala stenopetala, 227 Polygala usafuensis, 227 Polygala viminalis, 227 Polygala virgata var. decora, 227 POLYGONACEAE, 227 Polygonum alatum, 227 Polygonum nepalense, 227 Polygonum pedunculare var. angustissimum, 229 Polygonum salicifolium, 229 Polygonum strigosum, 229, 226 POLYPODIACEAE, 38 Polyscias fulva, 78, 79 Polyscias malosana, 78 Polystachya brassii, 331 Polystachya busseana, 331 Polystachya dendrobiiflora, 331, Pl. 8 Polystachya flexuosa, 331 Polystachya fusiformis, 331 Polystachya goetzeana, 331 Polystachya heckmanniana, 331 Polystachya holmesiana, 331, 332 Polystachya malilaensis, 333 Polystachya miranda, 331 Polystachya modesta, 333 Polystachya rendlei, 333 Polystachya shirensis, 333 Polystachya tayloriana, 331 Polystachya transvaalensis, 333, 332 Polystachya vaginata, 338 Polystichum setiferum, 28 Polystichum transvaalense, 28 Polystichum zambesiacum, 28, 30 POLYTRICHACEAE, 23 Polytrichum commune, 23, 20?? Polytrichum subpilosum, 23, 20?? PONTEDERIACEAE, 366 Popowia obovata, 59 PORTULACEAE, 229 *Portulaca quadrifida, 229, 228 POTTIACEAE, 23 Pouteria adolfi-friedericii subsp. australis, 260, 263 PRIMULACEAE, 229 Protasparagus plumosus, 290 Protasparagus racemosus, 290 Protasparagus setaceus, 290 Protasparagus virgatus, 290 PROTEACEAE, 229 Protea angolensis forma trichanthera, 230 Protea angolensis var. angolensis, 230, Pl. 5 Protea angolensis var. divaricata, 230, Pl. 5 Protea angolensis var. trichanthera, 230 Protea bequaerti, 230 Protea caffra subsp. mafingensis, 230 Protea chionantha var. divaricata, 230 Protea heckmanniana subsp. heckmanniana, 230, Pl. 5 Protea kibarensis subsp. cuspidata, 230, Pl. 5 Protea madiensis subsp. madiensis, 230, Pl. 5 Protea neocrinita, 233 Protea petiolaris subsp. elegans, 230 Protea rupestris, 230, 231, Pl. 5 Protea salicifolia, 230 Protea trichanthera, 230 Protea welwitschii subsp. welwitschii, 230 Protea wentzeliana, 233 Prunus africana, 237, 236 Pseudarthria hookeri var. hookeri, 167, 168 Pseudobarleria lindaui, 51 Pseudobromus brassii, 348 Pseudobromus engleri, 348 Pseudobromus silvaticus, 348 Pseudocyclosorus pulcher, 45 *Pseudognaphalium luteo-album, 103, 104 Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia, 149, 148 Psiadia hendersoniana, 87 Psophocarpus lancifolius, 167, 168 Psoralea foliosa, 167 Psorospermum febrifugum, 129, 130 Psychotria ealaensis, 251 Psychotria eminiana var. eminiana, 251 Psychotria kirkii, 251 passim Psychotria linearisepala var. linearisepala, 251 Psychotria macrantha, 251 Psychotria mahonii var. puberula, 251 Psychotria mahonii, 251 Psychotria meridiano-montana var. glabra, 251 Psychotria peduncularis var. rufonyassana, 251 Psychotria spithamea, 251, 250 Psychotria zombamontana, 251 Psydrax livida, 251 Psydrax parviflora subsp. rubrocosta, 251 Psydrax whitei, 251, 250 PTERIDACEAE, 38 Pteridium aquilinum var. aquilinum, 28 Pteridium aquilinum var. centrali-africanum, 28, 29 PTERIGYNANDRACEAE, 23 Pteris catoptera var. catoptera, 40 Pteris catoptera var. friesii, 40 Pteris cretica, 40, 42 Pteris dentata, 40, 42 Pteris friesii, 40 Pterocarpus angolensis, 167, 168 Pycnostachys clinodon, 191 Pycnostachys dewildemaniana, 191 Pycnostachys pubescens, 191 Pycnostachys ruandensis, 191, 186 Pycnostachys schliebenii, 191, Pl. 4 Pycnostachys stuhlmannii, 191 Pycnostachys urticifolia, 191 Pycreus aethiops, 301 Pycreus ater, 301 Pycreus melas, 301, 302 Pycreus niger subsp. elegantulus, 301 Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri var. rogersii, 252, 250 Pygmeum africanum, 237 Pyrrosia stolzii, 38, 41 R Rabdosia ramosissima, 184 RACOPILACEAE, 24 Racopilum capense, 24 Radinosiphon leptostachya, 313, 312 Radiola linoides, 196, 197 Randia fischeri, 252 Rangaeris muscicola, 333, 334 RANUNCULACEAE, 233 Ranunculus multifidus, 233, 232 Ranunculus raeae, 233 Rapanea melanophloeos, 216, 217 Rapanea rhododendroides, 216 Raphia farinifera, 289, 288, Pl. 6 Raphia vinifera, 289 Raphionacme longituba, 73, 74 Rauvolfia caffra, 73, 74 Rauvolfia mannii, 73 Rauvolfia rosea, 73 Rawsonia lucida, 176, 175 Rawsonia schlechteri, 176 Reissantia buchananii, 183 Rendlia altera, 354 RHAMNACEAE, 234 Rhamnus pauciflora, 234 Rhamnus prinoides, 234, 235 Rhamphicarpa fistulosa, 268, 269 RHIZOPHORACEAE, 234 Rhodobryum cf. keniae, 21 Rhodobryum sp., 21 Rhoicissus erythrodes, 285 Rhoicissus tridentata subsp. cuneifolia, 285, 286 Rhus anchietae, 56 Rhus longipes var. longipes, 56, 58 Rhus ochracea var. ochracea, 56 Rhus pyroides var. pyroides, 56 Rhus squalida, 56 Rhus vulgaris, 56 Rhychelytrum longicaudum, 353 Rhynchelytrum nerviglume, 354 Rhynchelytrum setifolium, 354 Rhynchosia buchananii, 167 Rhynchosia clivorum var. pycnantha, 167 Rhynchosia divaricate, 167 Rhynchosia floribunda, 169 Rhynchosia goetzei, 167 Rhynchosia insignis, 167 Rhynchosia luteola var. luteola, 167 Rhynchosia minima, 169, 170 Rhynchosia nyasica, 169 Rhynchosia nyikensis, 169 Rhynchosia procurrens subsp. floribunda, 169 Rhynchosia resinosa, 169 Rhynchosia sericosemium, 167 Rhynchosia sphaerocephala, 157 Rhynchospora brownii, 303, 304 Rhynchospora glauca, 303 Rhynchospora rugosa, 303 Rhytachne rottboellioides, 361, 360 RICCIACEAE, 21 Riccia sp., 21 Ricinus communis var. communis, 149, 148 Rinorea convallarioides, 283, 282 Riocreuxia chrysochroma, 73 Riocreuxia profusa, 73, 74 Plants of the Nyika Plateau 401

158 INDEX Riocreuxia torulosa, 73 Roeperocharis bennettiana, 333, 334 Roeperocharis wentzeliana, 333 Romulea camerooniana, 313, 312 Romulea campanuloides, 313 Romulea fischeri, 313 Romulea thodei, 313 ROSACEAE, 234 Rotala capensis, 203 Rotala cf. wildii, 203, 202 Rotala filiformis, 203 Rotala hutchinsoniana, 203 Rotheca myricoides, 191 Rotheca quadrangulata, 191, 190 Rothmannia fischeri subsp. fischeri, 252, 250 Rourea orientalis, 131 Rourea thomsonii, 131, 132 Royena lucida, 141 Royena whyteana, 141 RUBIACEAE, 238 Rubia conotricha, 252 Rubia cordifolia subsp. conotricha, 252, 253 Rubia discolor, 252 Rubia longipetiolata, 252 Rubus apetalus, 237 Rubus chapmanianus, 237, 236 *Rubus ellipticus, 237 Rubus exsuccus, 237 Rubus iringianus, 237 Rubus kirungensis, 237 *Rubus niveus, 237 Rubus pinnatus, 237 Rubus rigidus, 237 Ruellia imbricata, 54 Rumex abyssinicus, 229, 228 RUTACEAE, 256 Rutidea fuscescens subsp. fuscescens, 252, 253 Rutidea orientalis, 252 Rytidosperma davyi, 354 Rytigynia adenodonta var. adenodonta, 252 Rytigynia adenodonta var. reticulata, 252 Rytigynia castanea, 252 Rytigynia macrura, 252 Rytigynia monantha var. monantha, 252, 253 Rytigynia sp. 1, 252 Rytigynia sp. 2, 252 Rytigynia sp. 3, 252 Rytigynia uhligii, 252 S Sacciolepis brevifolia, 361 Sacciolepis chevalieri, 361 Sacciolepis cinereo-vestita, 361 Sacciolepis geniculata, 361 Sacciolepis huillensis, 361 Sacciolepis spiciformis, 361 Sacciolepis transbarbata, 361 Sacciolepis typhura, 361, 360 Sacciolepis velutina, 361 SALICACEAE, 256 Salix hutchinsii, 256 Salix mucronata subsp. mucronata, 256, 258 Salix subserrata, 256 Salvia abyssinica, 191 Salvia hochstetteri, 191 Salvia nilotica, 191, 190 Salvia parviflora, 191 Salvia runcinata, 191 passim Sanicula elata, 67, 66 Sanicula europaea var. elata, 67 Sanicula europaea var. partita, 67 SANTALACEAE, 256 SAPINDACEAE, 259 Sapium ellipticum, 149, 148 SAPOTACEAE, 260 Satureja biflora, 191 Satureja masukuensis, 191, 190 Satureja myriantha, 191 Satureja punctata, 191 Satyrium acutirostrum, 335 Satyrium amblyosaccos, 333 Satyrium atherstonei, 335 Satyrium breve, 333, 334 Satyrium buchananii, 333, Pl. 8 Satyrium carsonii, 333 Satyrium chlorocorys, 333 Satyrium colliferum, 335 Satyrium coriophoroides, 333, 334 Satyrium crassicaule, 333, Pl. 8 Satyrium densum, 335 Satyrium fallax, 333 Satyrium fischeranum, 333 Satyrium kassnerianum, 333 Satyrium kirkii, 333 Satyrium kitimboense, 333 Satyrium kraenzlinii, 333 Satyrium leptopetalum, 335 Satyrium longissimum, 333 Satyrium microcorys, 335 Satyrium monadenum, 335, Pl. 8 Satyrium neglectum subsp. neglectum, 335 Satyrium neglectum subsp. woodii, 335 Satyrium nuttii, 335 Satyrium nyassense, 333 Satyrium occultum, 335 Satyrium orbiculare, 335, 334 Satyrium paludosum, 338 Satyrium princeae, 335 Satyrium rhynchantoides, 335, 334 Satyrium riparium, 335 Satyrium sacculatum, 333 Satyrium sceptrum, 335, Pl. 8 Satyrium shirense, 335 Satyrium sphaeranthum, 335 Satyrium stolzianum, 333 Satyrium stolzii, 333 Satyrium trachypetalum, 335 Satyrium trinerve, 335, Pl. 8 Satyrium usambarae, 333 Satyrium volkensii, 335 Satyrium zombense, 335 Scabiosa austro-africana, 138 Scabiosa columbaria, 138, 139 Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. multiflorus, 287, 288, Pl. 6 Schefflera abyssinica, 78 Schefflera goetzenii, 78 Schefflera myriantha, 78, 79 Schefflera polysciada, 78 Schistostephium artemisiifolium, 105, 106 Schistostephium heptalobum, 105 Schistostephium homblei, 105 Schistostephium microcephalum, 105 Schistostephium mollissimum, 105 Schizachyrium brevifolium, 361, 363 Schizachyrium delicatulum, 366 SCHIZAEACEAE, 43 Schizochilus sulphureus, 335, 337 Schizoglossum angustissimum, 70 Schizoglossum carsonii, 70 Schizoglossum chlorojodinum, 70 Schizoglossum debeersianum, 73 Schizoglossum elatum, 70 Schizoglossum goetzei, 73 Schizoglossum kassneri, 70 Schizoglossum simulans, 73 Schizoglossum spurium, 73 Schizoglossum whytei, 70 Schoenoplectus brachyceras, 303, 304 Schoenoxiphium lehmannii, 303, 304 Schrebera alata, 220, 221 Schrebera argyrotricha, 220 Schrebera mazoensis, 220 Schwartzkopffia lastii, 335, 337 Scilla hyacinthina, 307 Scilla indica, 307 Scilla nervosa, 307, 308 Scilla rigidifolia, 307 Scleria atrosanguinea, 303 Scleria buchananii, 303 Scleria bulbifera var. bulbifera, 303, 304 Scleria bulbifera var. schweinfurthiana, 303 Scleria caespitosa, 303 Scleria centralis, 303 Scleria ciliolata, 303 Scleria delicatula, 303 Scleria dieterlenii, 303 Scleria dregeana, 303 Scleria erythrorrhiza, 303 Scleria holcoides, 303 Scleria junciformis, 305 Scleria longigluma, 303 Scleria longispiculata, 303 Scleria macrantha, 303 Scleria melanomphala, 303 Scleria meyeriana, 303 Scleria multispiculata, 303 Scleria nyasensis, 303 Scleria palmifolia, 303 Scleria poaeoides, 303 Scleria prophyllata, 303 Scleria pulchella, 303 Scleria racemosa, 303 Scleria rehmannii var. ornata, 305 Scleria richardsiae, 303 Scleria spondylogona, 303 Scleria striatonux, 305 Scleria welwitschii, 305 Scleria woodii, 305 Scolopia stolzii, 176, 175 Scolopia theifolia, 176 Scolopia zeyheri, 176 SCROPHULARIACEAE, 260 Scutellaria debeerstii, 192 Scutellaria livingstonei, 192 Scutellaria pauciflora, 192 Scutellaria schweinfurthii subsp. pauciflora, 192, 190, Pl. 4 Sebaea bojeri, 176 Sebaea crassulifolia var. lanceolata, 176 Sebaea leiostyla, 176, 177 Sebaea longicaulis, 176 Sebaea macrosepala, 176 Sebaea microphylla, 176 Sebaea oreophila, 176 Sebaea polyantha, 176 Sebaea sedoides, Plants of the Nyika Plateau

159 INDEX Sebaea sp., 178 Sebaea transvaalensis, 176 Secamone acutifolia, 70 Secamone alpini, 73, 74 Secamone thunbergii, 73 Securidaca longipedunculata, 227, 226 SELAGINACEAE, 270 SELAGINELLACEAE, 43 Selaginella goudotiana var. abyssinica, 43 Selaginella kraussiana, 43, 44 Selaginella njam-njamensis, 43, 44 Selaginella whytei, 43 Selago caerulea, 270 Selago laticorymbosa, 270 Selago maclouniei, 270 Selago nyikensis, 272 Selago tenuicaulis, 270 Selago thomsonii var. caerulea, 270 Selago thomsonii, 270 Selago thyrsoidea var. nyikensis, 272 Selago thyrsoidea var. thyrsoidea, 272, 271 Selago viscosa, 270 SEMATOPHYLLACEAE, 24 Sematophyllum subpinnatum, 24 Senecio acutidentatus, 89 Senecio adustus, 105 Senecio cernuus, 89 Senecio dekindtianus, 105 Senecio diphyllus, 113 Senecio erubescens, 105 Senecio hochstetteri, 105 Senecio hockii, 93 Senecio inornatus, 105 Senecio kimbilensis, 91 Senecio latifolius, 105 Senecio lugardiae, 105 Senecio lygodes, 105 Senecio mannii, 107 Senecio montuosus, 89 Senecio nyikensis, 107 Senecio orbicularis, 105 Senecio othonniformis, 105 Senecio oxyriifolius, 105 Senecio pachyrhizus, 105 Senecio papaverifolius, 89 Senecio paucifolius, 105 Senecio peltatus, 105 Senecio pergamentaceus, 105, 106 Senecio picridifolius, 89 Senecio proprior, 113 Senecio rogersii, 93 Senecio rubens, 89 Senecio ruwenzoriensis, 105 Senecio sceleratus, 105 Senecio stolzii, 105 Senecio striatifolius, 113 Senecio subsessilis, 107 Senecio syringifolius, 107 Senecio tamoides, 113 Senecio tanthinus, 105 Senecio telmatophyllus, 91 Senecio uvens, 91 Senecio variabilis, 113 Senecio zygodes, 113 Senna singuena, 121 Sesbania macrantha var. macrantha, 169, 170 Sesbania sesban subsp. nubica, 169 Sesbania tetraptera, 169 Setaria anceps, 362 Setaria chevalieri, 361 Setaria grandis, 361, 363, Pl. 6 Setaria homonyma, 361 Setaria incrassata, 361 Setaria interpilosa, 362 Setaria lindenbergiana, 361 Setaria longiseta, 361 Setaria megaphylla, 361 Setaria pallida-fusca, 362 Setaria palustris, 361 Setaria paniciformis, 361 Setaria petiolata, 362 Setaria phragmitoides, 361 Setaria plicatilis, 361 Setaria pumila, 362 Setaria sphacelata, 362 Setaria trinervia, 362 Setaria ustilata, 362 Sibthorpia australis, 268 Sibthorpia europaea var. africana, 268 Sibthorpia europaea, 268, 269 Sibthorpia prostrata, 268 Sida alba, 204, 205 Sigesbeckia abyssinica, 107, 106 Silene burchellii var. angustifolia, 125, 124 SIMAROUBACEAE, 272 Simirestis goetzei, 180, 181 Siphonochilus aethiopicus, 368, 367 SMILACACEAE, 368 Smilax anceps, 368, 367 Smilax aspera, 368 Smilax goetzeana, 368 Smilax kraussiana, 368 Smilax mossambicensis, 368 Smithia recurvifolia, 164 Smithia ruwenzoriensis, 163 Smithia sphaerocephala, 163 Smithia thymodora, 164 Smithia uguenensis, 164 SOLANACEAE, 272 Solanecio mannii, 107, 106 Solanum aculeatissimum, 272 Solanum anguivi, 272 Solanum guineense, 272 Solanum indicum, 272 *Solanum mammosum, 272 *Solanum nigrum, 272, 273 Solanum panduriforme, 272 Solanum schumannianum, 272 Solanum subulatum, 272 Solanum suffruticosum, 272 Solanum ulugurense, 272 Solenostemon schulziana, 192 Solenostemon shirensis, 189 Solenostemon zambesiacus, 189 Sonchus eminii, 113 Sonchus lasiorhizus, 101 Sonchus ledermannii, 101 Sonchus luxurians, 107 Sonchus nanus, 101 *Sonchus oleraceus, 107, 108 Sonchus quercifolius, 101 Sonchus rarifolius, 101 Sonchus schweinfurthii, 107 Sopubia angolensis, 270 Sopubia dregeana var. tenuifolia, 268 Sopubia dregeana, 268 Sopubia eminii, 268 Sopubia fastigiata, 268 Sopubia karaguensis var. karaguensis, 268 Sopubia mannii var. mannii, 268, 269 Sopubia mannii var. tenuifolia, 268 Sopubia ramosa, 268 Sopubia similis, 268 Sopubia simplex, 268 Sopubia trifida forma humilis, 268 Sopubia trifida, 268 Sopubia welwitschii var. micrantha, 268 Sparrmannia ricinocarpa, 279, 278 Spermacoce dibrachiata, 252 Spermacoce filifolia, 252 Spermacoce princeae var. princeae, 255, 253 Spermacoce pusilla, 255 Spermococe huillensis, 255 Sphacophyllum flexuosum, 81 Sphacophyllum kirkii, 81 Sphaerocionium capillare, 31 Sphaerocionium splendidum, 31, 33 Sphaerostylis anomala, 149 SPHAGNACEAE, 24 Sphagnum africanum, 24 Sphenostylis briartii, 169 Sphenostylis congoensis, 169 Sphenostylis marginata, 169 Sphenostylis stenocarpa, 169, 170 Spilanthes africana, 78 Spilanthes caulirhiza, 78 SPLACHNACEAE, 24 Sporobolus africanus, 362 Sporobolus angustifolius, 362 Sporobolus capensis, 362 Sporobolus centrifugus, 362 Sporobolus mauritianus, 362 Sporobolus micranthus, 362 Sporobolus mollier, 362 Sporobolus myrianthus, 362 Sporobolus olivaceus, 362 Sporobolus piliferus, 365 Sporobolus psammophilus, 362 Sporobolus pyramidalis, 365 Sporobolus sanguineus, 365 Sporobolus stapfianus, 365 Sporobolus subtilis, 365, 360 Stachys aculeolata var. inermis, 192, 190 Stathmostelma chironoides, 75 Stathmostelma fornicatum subsp. fornicatum, 73, 76 Stathmostelma laurentianum, 75 Stathmostelma welwitschii, 75 Steganotaenia araliacea, 67, 66 Stellaria mannii, 125, 124 Stenoglottis fimbriata, 336 Stenoglottis zambesiaca, 336, 337 Stenostelma sp., 75 Stephania abyssinica, 210, 209 STERCULIACEAE, 275 Stereospermum kunthianum, 115, 114 Stipa dregeana var. elongata, 365 Stipa keniensis, 365, 360 Stobaea bipinnatifida, 82 Stobaea zeyheri, 82 Stoebe elgonensis, 107 Stoebe kilimandscharica, 107, 108 Stolzia repens var. repens, 336 Stolzia williamsonii, 336, 337 Stomatanthes africanus, 107, 108 Stomatanthes zambiensis, 107 Streblochaete longiarista, 365, 360 Plants of the Nyika Plateau 403

160 INDEX Streptocarpus goetzei, 180 Streptocarpus mahonii, 180 Streptocarpus solenanthus, 180, Pl. 3 Streptocarpus wittei, 180, 179, Pl. 3 Striga asiatica, 270, 269 Strombosia scheffleri, 219, 218 STRYCHNACEAE, 275 Strychnos lucens, 275, 274 Stylochiton cf. puberulus, 289, 288 Suregada procera, 149, 148 Swertia abyssinica, 176, 177 Swertia curtioides, 176 Swertia eminii, 178 Swertia johnsonii, 178 Swertia kilimandscharica, 178 Swertia porphyrantha, 176 Swertia sharpei, 178 Swertia usambarensis, 178 Swertia welwitschii, 178 Synaptolepis alternifolia, 276, 277 Synsepalum cerasiferum, 260, 263 Syzygium cordatum, 216, 217 Syzygium guineense subsp. afromontanum, 216 Syzygium guineense subsp. guineense, 216 T Tabernaemontana johnstonii, 75 Tabernaemontana stapfiana, 75, 76 Tacazzea conferta, 75, 76 Tacazzea floribunda, 75 Tacazzea galactagoga, 75 *Tagetes minuta, 107, 108 Tapinanthus chunguensis, 200 Tapinanthus cornetii, 201 Tapinanthus dependens, 201 Tapinanthus eminii, 201 Tapinanthus erianthus, 201, 202 Tapinanthus fuellebornii, 198 Tapinanthus molleri, 198 Tapinanthus rubiginosus, 201 Tapinanthus sansibarensis, 201 Tapinanthus subulatus, 200 Tapinanthus vittatus, 200 Tapiphyllum cinerascens var. laevius, 255, 254 Tapiphyllum griseum, 255 Tarenna neurophylla, 255, 254 Tayloria orthodonta, 24 Teclea nobilis, 256, 257 Tecoma nyikensis, 117 Tecoma shirensis, 117 Tecomaria capensis subsp. nyassae, 117 Tecomaria nyassae, 117, 116 Tectaria gemmifera, 31, 32 Tephrosia aequilata subsp. australis, 169 Tephrosia dasyphylla subsp. dasyphylla, 169 Tephrosia interrupta subsp. elongatiflora, 169, 170 Tephrosia nyikensis subsp. nyikensis, 169 Tephrosia paniculata, 169 Terminalia stenostachya, 131, 130 Ternstroemia polypetala, 275, 274 Tetradenia riparia, 192, 193, Pl. 4 Thalictrum rhynchocarpum, 233 Thalictrum zernyi, 233, 232 THEACEAE, 275 Thelopogon elegans, 365, 363 THELYPTERIDACEAE, 43 Thelypteris bergiana, 43, 44 Thelypteris chaseana, 43 Thelypteris confluens, 43 Thelypteris dentata var. dentata, 43 Thelypteris friesii, 45 Thelypteris longicuspis, 45 Thelypteris madagascariensis, 45, 44 Thelypteris oppositiformis, 45 Thelypteris pozoi, 45 Thelypteris pulchra, 45 Themeda triandra, 365, 363 Thesium fastigiatum, 259, 258 Thesium schimperianum, 256 Thesium sp., 259 Thesium triflorum, 259 Thesium whyteanum, 259 Thespesia garckeana, 203 THUIDIACEAE, 24 Thuidium sp., 24 Thunbergia alata, 54, 55 Thunbergia fuscata, 54 Thunbergia kirkiana, 54 Thunbergia lancifolia, 54 Thunbergia mollis, 54 Thunbergia petersiana, 54 THYMELAEACEAE, 276 Thyrsia huillensis, 358 Thyrsia schliebenii, 358 Thyrsia undulatifolia, 358 TILIACEAE, 276 Tiliacora funifera, 210, 209 Toddalia asiatica, 256, 257 Tolpis capensis, 109, 110 Tolpis mbalensis, 109 Torenia brevifolia, 265 Torenia goetzei, 265 Torilis arvensis, 67, 68 Torilis eminii, 61 Torilis gracilis forma umbrosa, 61 Tortella cf. xanthocarpa, 23 Trachyandra malosana, 292 Trachyandra saltii, 292, 293 Trachycalymma buchwaldii, 75, 76 Trachycalymma cristatum, 75 Trachycalymma cucullatum, 67 Trachycalymma foliosum, 75 Trachycalymma pulchellum, 75 Trachycalymma pulchellum, 75 Trachyphyllum sp., 23 Trachypogon spicatus, 365, 364 Tragia kirkiana, 149, 150 Tragia okanyua, 149 Tragiella anomala, 149, 150 Tricalysia acocantheroides, 255 Tricalysia acocantheroides, 255 Tricalysia angolensis, 256 Tricalysia coriacea subsp. nyassae, 255, 254 Tricalysia myrtifolia, 255 Tricalysia niamniamensis var. nodosa, 256 Tricalysia nyassae, 255 Tricalysia verdcourtiana, 255 Trichilia siderotricha, 272 Trichilia volkensii, 208 Trichodesma physaloides, 117, 118 Trichomanes melanotrichum, 31 Trichomanes pyxidiferum var. melanotrichum, 31 Trichopteryx delicatissima, 365 Trichopteryx dregeana, 365 Trichopteryx elegantula subsp. stolziana, 366 Trichopteryx elegantula, 365 Trichopteryx fruticulosa var. whytei, 366 Trichopteryx fruticulosa, 366 Trichopteryx sp., 366 Trichopteryx stolziana, 366, 364 Tridactyle anthomaniaca, 336 Tridactyle citrina, 336, 337 Tridactyle fragrans, 336 Tridactyle frommiana, 336 Tridactyle furcistipes, 338 Tridactyle inaequilonga, 336 Tridactyle nyassana, 336 Tridactyle stipulata, 336 passim Tridactyle trachyrhiza, 336 Tridactyle tricuspis, 336 Tridactyle tridentata, 336, 337 Trifolium repens, 173 Trifolium semipilosum var. glabrescens, 169, 172 Trifolium simense, 171 Trifolium ukingense, 173 Trifolium usambarense, 171 Tripteris gweloensis, 103 Tripteris monocephala, 103 Tripteris rhodesica, 103 Tristachya bequaertii, 366 Tristachya hispida, 366 Tristachya inamoena, 366 Tristachya leucothrix, 366, 364 Triumfetta amuletum, 279 Triumfetta annua, 279 Triumfetta pentandra, 279 Triumfetta pilosa var. glabrescens, 279 Triumfetta rhomboidea, 279, 278 Triumfetta tomentosa, 279 Triumfetta welwitschii var. welwitschii, 279 Trochomeria macrocarpa, 135, 137 Truellum strigosum, 229 Turraea robusta, 208, 207 Tylophora anomala, 75 Tylophora erubescens, 75, 77, Pl. 2 Tylophoropsis erubescens, 75 U Uapaca kirkiana, 149 Uapaca nitida, 151 Uapaca robynsii, 151, 150, Pl. 3 ULMACEAE, 279 Urena lobata, 204, 206 Urera hypselodendron, 280, 281 Urginea nyasae, 309 URTICACEAE, 280 Utricularia appendiculata, 195 Utricularia gibbsiae, 195 Utricularia livida, 195, 194 Utricularia odontosepala, 195 Utricularia odontosperma, 195 Utricularia pentadactyla, 195 Utricularia prehensilis, 195 Utricularia pubescens, 195 Utricularia scandens, 195 Utricularia schweinfurthii, 195 Utricularia subulata, 196 Utricularia welwitschii var. odontosepala, 195 Utricularia welwitschii, 196 V Vaccinium sp., 142 Valentiana volubilis, 54 VALERIANACEAE, Plants of the Nyika Plateau

161 INDEX Valeriana capensis, 280, 282 Vangueria apiculata, 255 Vangueria infausta subsp. rotundata var. campanulata, 255, 254 Vangueria longicalyx, 255 Vangueria sp., 256 Vangueria volkensii var. kyimbilensis, 255 VELLOZIACEAE, 368 Velvitsia calycina, 268 Vepris nobilis, 256 Vepris stolzii, 256, 257 VERBENACEAE, 280 Verbesina alba, 93 Verbesina chinensis, 81 Verbesina prostrata, 93 Vernonia abbreviata, 113 Vernonia acrocephala, 109 Vernonia adoensis, 109 Vernonia alticola, 109 Vernonia amblyolepis, 109 Vernonia ampla, 111 Vernonia amygdalina, 109 Vernonia bainesii subsp. bainesii, 109, 110 Vernonia barbosae, 112 Vernonia biafrae, 109 Vernonia bothrioclinoides, 111 Vernonia bracteosa, 113 Vernonia buchananii, 109 Vernonia calyculata, 109 Vernonia castellana, 112 Vernonia cf. ringoetii, 113 Vernonia chloropappa, 110 Vernonia cinerea, 113 Vernonia cirrifera, 110 Vernonia colorata subsp. oxyura, 110 Vernonia erinacea, 110, 110 Vernonia exsertiflora var. exsertiflora, 110 Vernonia fractiflexa, 110 Vernonia gerberiformis, 111 Vernonia griseopapposa, 111 Vernonia hymenolepis subsp. tolypohpora, 112 Vernonia hymenolepis, 112 Vernonia integra, 109 Vernonia javanica, 113 Vernonia jugalis var. dekindtii, 111 Vernonia jugalis var. jugalis, 111 Vernonia karaguensis, 111 Vernonia kawoziensis, 111 Vernonia kreismannii, 110 Vernonia kuluina, 112 Vernonia lampropappa, 113 Vernonia lasiopus, 112 Vernonia malosana, 107 Vernonia mannii, 99 Vernonia melleri var. melleri, 111 Vernonia muelleri subsp. brevicuspis, 111 Vernonia musofensis var. miamensis, 111 Vernonia myriantha, 111 Vernonia myriotricha, 99 Vernonia natalensis var., 109 Vernonia natalensis, 111 Vernonia nestor, 111 Vernonia oligocephala, 112 Vernonia oocephala, 112 Vernonia oxyura, 110 Vernonia pawekiae, 113 Vernonia porphyrolepis, 111 Vernonia poskeana var. vulgaris, 110 Vernonia poskeana, 113 Vernonia praemorsa, 112, Pl. 2 Vernonia pseudonatalensis, 111 Vernonia randii, 109 Vernonia scabrifolia var. amplifolia, 111 Vernonia sphaerocalyx, 110 Vernonia stenocephala, 112 Vernonia stipulacea, 111 Vernonia suprafastigiata, 112 Vernonia syringifolia, 112 Vernonia tolypophora, 112 Vernonia turbinella, 112 Vernonia ugandensis, 112 Veronica abyssinica, 270, 269 Veslingia scabra, 95 Vicia paucifolia subsp. malosana, 171, 172 Vicia paucifolia var. malosana, 171 Vicoa auriculata, 103 Vigna fischeri, 171 Vigna frutescens subsp. frutescens var. frutescens, 171 Vigna heterophylla, 171 Vigna luteola, 171 Vigna oblongifolia var. oblongifolia, 171 Vigna phoenix, 171 Vigna platyloba, 171 Vigna pygmaea var. grandiflora, 171 Vigna pygmaea, 171 Vigna unguiculata subsp. dekindtiana var. mensensis, 171 Vigna unguiculata subsp. pawekiae, 171 Vigna vexillata var. angustifolia, 171, 172 VIOLACEAE, 283 Viola abyssinica, 283, 282 VISCACEAE, 283 Viscum combreticola, 283, 284 Viscum congdonii, 283 passim Viscum cylindricum, 283 Viscum goetzei, 283 Viscum junodii, 283 Viscum loranthicola, 283 Viscum shirense, 283 Viscum tuberculatum, 283 VITACEAE, 283 Vitex doniana, 192, 193 Vitex madiensis subsp. milanjiensis, 192 Vitex milanjiensis, 192 VITTARIACEAE, 45 Vittaria guineensis var. orientalis, 45, 44, Pl. 1 Volkensia ripensis, 86 W Wahlenbergia capitata, 123 Wahlenbergia hirsuta, 123 Wahlenbergia huttonii, 123 Wahlenbergia napiformis, 123 Wahlenbergia ramosissima subsp. ramosissima, 123 Wahlenbergia ramosissima subsp. subcapitata, 123 Wahlenbergia subaphylla subsp. thesioides, 123 Wahlenbergia undulata, 123 Wahlenbergia virgata, 123, 122 Wedelia mossambicensis, 81 Wedelia natalensis, 81 Wurmbea tenuis subsp. goetzei, 294, 293 X Xerophyta equisetoides var. pubescens, 368, 367 Ximenia caffra, 219, 218 Xiphopteris flabelliformis, 31 Xymalos monospora, 212, 213 XYRIDACEAE, 368 Xyris aristata, 368 Xyris brunnea, 368 Xyris capensis, 368, 367 Xyris cf. straminea, 368 Xyris congensis, 368 Xyris hildebrandtii, 368 Xyris laciniata, 368 Xyris leonensis, 368 Xyris obscura, 368 Xyris subaristata, 368 Xyris umbilonis, 368 Xysmalobium angolense, 75 Xysmalobium carsonii, 70 Xysmalobium ensifolium, 75 Xysmalobium spurium, 73 Xysmalobium undulatum, 75, 77 Z Zanthoxylum chalybeum, 256, 258 Zehneria oligosperma, 135 Zehneria scabra subsp. scabra, 135, 137 Zehneria thwaitesii, 138 ZINGIBERACEAE, 368 Zonotriche inamoena, 366, 364 Zornia glochidiata, 171, 172 Plants of the Nyika Plateau 405

162 About SABONET This publication is a product of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), a programme aimed at strengthening the level of botanical expertise, expanding and improving herbarium and botanic garden collections, and fostering closer collaborative links among botanists in the southern African subcontinent. The main objective of SABONET is to develop a strong core of professional botanists, taxonomists, horticulturists, and plant diversity specialists within the ten countries of southern Africa (Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe). This core group will be competent to inventory, monitor, evaluate, and conserve the botanical diversity of the region in the face of specific development challenges, and to respond to the technical and scientific needs of the Convention on Biological Diversity. To enhance the human resource capacity and infrastructure available in the region, SABONET offers training courses, workshops, and collaborative expeditions in under-collected areas. The programme produces a newsletter, SABONET News, and a series of occasional publications, the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Series, of which this publication is part. SABONET is co-funded by: The United States Agency for International Development (USAID/World Conservation Union Regional Office for southern Africa (IUCN-ROSA) The Global Environment Facility (GEF)/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) For more information about our projects in southern Africa contact one of the following addresses: General enquiries about SABONET SABONET Coordinator c/o South African National Biodiversity Institute Private Bag X101 Pretoria 0001 South Africa Tel: (27) Fax: (27) / info@sabonet.org ANGOLA Luanda Herbarium (Prof. Esparança Costa) Universidade Agostinho Neto Rua Fernando Pessoa No. 103 Villa Alice Caixa Postal 3244 Tel: (244) Fax: (244) esperancacosta@yahoo.com BOTSWANA Botswana National Museum National Herbarium (Mr Nonofo Mosesane) Private Bag Gaborone Tel: (267) / Fax: (267) / nmosesane@gov.bw LESOTHO National Environment Secretariat (Mr Thulo Qhotsokoane) Ministry of Environment Private Bag A23 Maseru 100 Tel: (266) Fax: (266) / tghotsokoane@ilesotho.com MALAWI National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens of Malawi (Dr Zacharia Magombo) P.O. Box 528 Zomba Tel: (265) /118/145 Fax: (265) /108 zlkmagombo@hotmail.com MOZAMBIQUE LMA Herbarium (Ms Samira Izidine) Instituto Nacional de Investigaçáo Agronómica Caixa Postal 3658 Mavalane Maputo Tel: (258) /130/190/097 Fax: (258) sizidine@yahoo.com NAMIBIA National Herbarium (Dr Gillian Maggs-Kölling) National Botanical Research Institute Private Bag Windhoek Tel: (264) Fax: (264) gmk@mweb.com.na SOUTH AFRICA National Herbarium (Prof. Gideon Smith) South African National Biodiversity Institute Private Bag X101 Pretoria 0001 Tel: (27) Fax: (27) / smithg@sanbi.org SWAZILAND National Herbarium (Mr Titus Dlamini) Malkerns Agricultural Research Station P.O. Box 4 Malkerns Tel: (268) /83017/83038 Fax: (268) / sdnh@africaonline.co.sz ZAMBIA Herbarium (Dr Patrick Phiri) Department of Biological Sciences University of Zambia P.O. Box Lusaka Tel: (260) Fax: (260) / Pphiri@natsci.unza.zm ZIMBABWE National Herbarium and Botanic Garden (Ms Nozipo Nobanda) P.O. Box A889 Avondale Harare Tel: (263) /744170/ Fax: (263) srgh@mweb.co.zw Plants of the Nyika Plateau 407

163 PTERIDOPHYTA Adiantum reniforme Vittaria guineensis var. orientalis Drynaria volkensii Asplenium loxoscaphoides Asplenium megalura GYMNOSPERMS Forest scene Juniperus procera Plate 1

164 DICOTYLEDONS Tylophora erubescens Helichrysum tillandsiifolium Helichrysum forskahlii var. forskahlii Gerbera piloselloides Vernonia praemorsa Impatiens sp. A Impatiens polyantha Impatiens tinctoria subsp. latifolia Plate 2 Impatiens gomphophylla subsp. gomphophylla

165 DICOTYLEDONS Brachystegia longifolia Isoberlinia angolensis Julbernardia globiflora Crassula alba var. alba Acacia abyssinica Erythrina abyssinica Uapaca robynsii Kotschya recurvifolia Streptocarpus solenanthus Streptocarpus wittei Plate 3

166 DICOTYLEDONS Pycnostachys schliebenii Tetradenia riparia Lobelia giberroa Scutellaria schweinfurthii subsp. pauciflora Lobelia trullifolia subsp. trullifolia Lobelia stricklandiae Dissotis melleri Dissotis princeps var. princeps Oxalis chapmaniae Plate 4 Lobelia mildbraedii

167 DICOTYLEDONS Protea angolensis var. angolensis Protea angolensis var. divaricata Protea heckmanniana subsp. heckmanniana Protea kibarensis subsp. cuspidata Protea madiensis subsp. madiensis Protea rupestris Clematis chrysocarpa subsp. bijuga Delphinium dasycaulon Delphinium leroyi Pentanisia schweinfurthii Dombeya burgessiae Plate 5

168 MONOCOTYLEDONS Boophane disticha Cyrtanthus breviflorus Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. multiflorus Aloe nuttii Aloe mzimbana Raphia farinifera Cyperus angolensis Plate 6 Setaria grandis Ensete ventricosum

169 MONOCOTYLEDONS Kniphofia grantii Kniphofia princeae Kniphofia linearifolia Gladiolus dalenii Gladiolus dalenii Gladiolus muenzneri Gladiolus velutinus Dierama longistylum Lapeirousia setifolia Moraea macrantha Plate 7

170 MONOCOTYLEDONS Brachycorythis pleistophylla Disa caffra Disa hircicornis Disa robusta Disa ukingensis Disa welwitschii subsp. welwitschii Disa zombica Epipactis africana Habenaria diselloides Habenaria trachypetala Satyrium trinerve Satyrium buchananii Polystachya dendrobiiflora Satyrium crassicaule Satyrium monadenum Satyrium sceptrum Plate 8