Utricularia livida

Utricularia livida
	Flowers
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Lentibulariaceae
Genus:	Utricularia
Subgenus:	Utricularia subg. Bivalvaria
Section:	Utricularia sect. Calpidisca
Species:	U. livida
Binomial name
	Utricularia livida; E.Mey.

Utricularia livida, the leaden bladderwort, is a species of flowering plant in the bladderwort family, native to central and southern Africa, and Mexico. Growing to 50 cm (20 in) tall and broad, it is a carnivorous perennial. It was originally described and published by Ernst Heinrich Friedrich Meyer in 1837.^[1]

Name[edit]

The Latin specific epithet livida means "pale" or "lead-coloured", referring to the colour of the flowers.^[2]

Description[edit]

As with other members of its family, the leaf assembly is below ground, where carnivory occurs. Tiny bladders consume micro-organisms which multiply in wet soil. Above ground it consists of kidney-shaped, pale lavender or white flowers on straight slender stems. Flowering occurs mainly during the summer, but may be triggered at any time after a dry period.^[3]

Habitat and distribution[edit]

Utricularia livida can be found in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Eswatini, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It also has a widespread native range in Mexico. It grows as a terrestrial plant in boggy areas or shallow soils over rock at altitudes from near sea level to 2,830 m (9,285 ft).

Cultivation[edit]

Like its relative, U. sandersonii, this plant is valued for its ornamental flowers and is grown as a houseplant. It does not tolerate freezing, so in temperate areas it must be cultivated under glass, in pans of damp sand in full sun. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.^[3]^[4]

Synonyms[edit]

U. livida covers a large native range and is an extremely variable species, which accounts for the high degree of synonymy.^[1]

Calpidisca denticulata (Benj.) Barnhart
Utricularia afromontana R.E.Fr.
U. andicola Benj.
U. denticulata Benj.
U. dregei Kamieński
U. dregei var. stricta Kamieński
U. eburnea R.E.Fr.
U. elevata Kamieński
U. elevata var. macowani Kamieński
U. engleri Kamieński
[U. exilis P.Taylor]
U. gentryi Standl.
U. humbertiana H.Perrier
U. humbertiana var. andringitrensis H.Perrier
U. humilis Phillips
U. ibarensis Baker
[U. kirkii Stapf]
U. livida var. engleri (Kamieński) Stapf
U. livida var. micrantha Kamieński
U. livida var. pauciflora Kamieński
U. lobata Fernald
U. longecalcarata Benj.
U. madagascariensis A.DC.
U. mauroyae H.Perrier
U. odontosperma Stapf
[U. parkeri H.Perrier]
[U. prehensilis var. huillensis Kamieński]
U. sanguinea Oliv.
U. sanguinea var. minor Kamieński
U. sematophora Stapf
U. sinuata Benj.
U. spartea Baker
U. spartea var. marojejensis H.Perrier
U. spartea var. subspicata H.Perrier
U. spartioides Elliot ex H.Perrier
U. sprengelii var. humilis Kamieński
U. transrugosa Stapf
[U. tribracteata Kamieński]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Taylor, Peter. (1989). The genus Utricularia - a taxonomic monograph. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XIV: London.
^ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for Gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 978-1845337315.
^ ^a ^b "RHS Plantfinder - Utricularia livida". Retrieved 1 February 2019.
^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 103. Retrieved 1 February 2019.

[Taylor_1989-1] Taylor, Peter. (1989). The genus Utricularia - a taxonomic monograph. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XIV: London.

[RHSLG-2] Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for Gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 978-1845337315.

[RHSPF-3] "RHS Plantfinder - Utricularia livida". Retrieved 1 February 2019.

[4] "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 103. Retrieved 1 February 2019.

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