Canopy to subcanopy trees in evergreen forests between 150 and 1800 m.
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Desmostemon zeylanicus Thwaites |
| synonym | Fahrenheitia zeylanica (Thwaites) Airy Shaw |
| synonym | Ostodes zeylanica (Thwaites) Müll.Arg. |
| synonym | Trigonostemon zeylanicus (Thwaites) Müll.Arg. |
🗒 Common Names
| Malayalam |
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| Other |
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📚 Overview
Summary
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Habit: Large tree
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Trees, to 20 m high; bark greyish-brown; blaze dull yellow; branches angled. Leaves simple, alternate; stipules lateral, cauducous; petiole 40-70 mm long, stout with 4 glands at the apex of the petiole in 2 rows on either side, leoidote scales present; lamina 15-30 x 7.5-12 cm, oblong, elliptic-oblong or obovate, base acute, apex obtusely acuminate, margin distantly serrate, glabrous, coriaceous; lateral nerves 10-15 pairs, pinnate, ascending, prominent; intercostae scalariform, prominent. Flowers unisexual, white, in lax terminal and lateral elongate pendulous racemes; bracts ovate, ciliate; tepals 10 in 2 rows; outer 5 unequal, densely lepidote-scaly outside; inner 5 longer than outer lobes, white; disc glands 5-10; stamens many, filaments free; ovary 3-celled, ovule 1 in each cell; styles 3, bifid. Fruit a capsule, 2.5-3 cm across, rusty tomentose, globose, splitting into 3, 2 valved cocci; sees ovoid.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Leaf upper side
Red sap from cut end of branchlets
Leaf lower side
Inflorescence - male flowers
Petiole and leaf insertion
Fruit insertion
Swollen petiole
Habit
Trees up to 30 m tall.
Trunk & Bark
Bark brown, smooth; blaze orange.
Branches and Branchlets
Branchlets stout, terete with lenticels.
Exudates
Exudates red sap from the cut end of branchlets.
Leaves
Leaves simple, alternate, spiral, usually at the end of the twigs; petiole 4-10 cm long, terete, glabrous, swollen at both ends, pair of glands present at the junction of lamina above; lamina 15-32 x 4-11 cm, usually narrow elliptic to oblanceolate, apex acuminate, base cuneate, margin serrate, coriaceous, glabrous, drying brown; midrib raised above; secondary nerves 10-12 pairs; tertiary nerves slender, obliquely percurrent.
Inflorescence / Flower
Flowers unisexual, dioecious, in terminal or lateral panicled pendulous racemes.
Fruit and Seed
Capsule, globose, 3-ribbed, brown tomentose.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Ecology
Canopy to subcanopy trees in evergreen forests between 150 and 1800 m.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Miscellaneous Details
Notes: Evergreen & Semi- evergreen Forests
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Global Distribution
Western Ghats and Sri Lanka
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: Palakkad, Idukki, Kollam, Malappuram, Thrissur, Wayanad
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Kerala: Idukki, Kollam, Malapuram, Palakkad, Thrissur
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Western Ghats and Sri Lanka; in the Western Ghats- South and Central Sahyadris.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
📚 Uses and Management
📚 Information Listing
References
- Paracroton pendulus (Hassk.) Miq. ssp. zeylanicus (Thw.) Balakr. & Chakrab., Kew Bull. 48: 719. 1993; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 411. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 633. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 376. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 296. 2002; N.P.Balakr. & Chakrab., Fam. Euphorbiaceae India 218. 2007; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 748. 2009.
- Fahrenheitia zeylanica (Thw.) Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 20: 410. 1966; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 250. 1988; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 429. 1990; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 329. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 22,31. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 288. 1997.
- Desmostemon zeylanicus Thw., Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 278. 1861.
- Ostodes zeylanica (Thw.) Muell.-Arg., Linnaea 34: 214. 1865; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 400. 1887; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1336(934). 1925.
Information Listing > References
- Paracroton pendulus (Hassk.) Miq. ssp. zeylanicus (Thw.) Balakr. & Chakrab., Kew Bull. 48: 719. 1993; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 411. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 633. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 376. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 296. 2002; N.P.Balakr. & Chakrab., Fam. Euphorbiaceae India 218. 2007; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 748. 2009.
- Fahrenheitia zeylanica (Thw.) Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 20: 410. 1966; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 250. 1988; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 429. 1990; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 329. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 22,31. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 288. 1997.
- Desmostemon zeylanicus Thw., Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 278. 1861.
- Ostodes zeylanica (Thw.) Muell.-Arg., Linnaea 34: 214. 1865; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 400. 1887; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1336(934). 1925.
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida C. Agardh |
| Order | Malpighiales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl |
| Family | Euphorbiaceae |
| Genus | Paracroton |
| Species | Paracroton pendulus (Hassk.) Miq. |
| Infraspecies | Paracroton pendulus zeylanicus (Thwaites) N.P.Balakr. & Chakr. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
