Herb
Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) C.Presl
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Boottia mairei H.Lév. |
synonym | Gomphima vaginalis (Burm.f.) Raf. |
synonym | Monochoria junghuhniana Hassk. |
synonym | Monochoria linearis (Hassk.) Miq. |
synonym | Monochoria loureiroi Kunth, nom. superfl. |
synonym | Monochoria ovata Kunth |
synonym | Monochoria pauciflora (Blume) Kunth |
synonym | Monochoria plantaginea (Roxb.) Kunth |
synonym | Monochoria vaginalis var. angustifolia G.X.Wang |
synonym | Monochoria vaginalis var. pauciflora (Blume) Merr. |
synonym | Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea (Roxb.) Solms |
synonym | Pontederia alba Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., nom. nud. |
synonym | Pontederia cordata Lour., nom. illeg. |
synonym | Pontederia lanceolata Wall. ex Kunth |
synonym | Pontederia linearis Hassk. |
synonym | Pontederia loureiroana Schult. & Schult.f. |
synonym | Pontederia ovata Hook. & Arn., nom. illeg. |
synonym | Pontederia pauciflora Blume |
synonym | Pontederia plantaginea Roxb. |
synonym | Pontederia racemosa Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., nom. nud. |
synonym | Pontederia vaginalis Burm.f. |
synonym | Pontederia vaginata Royle, orth. var. |
🗒 Common Names
Assamese |
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Malayalam |
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Other |
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📚 Overview
Brief
Flowering class: Monocot
Habit: Herb
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Assessed: 2009
Assessor/s: Lansdown, R.
Reviewer/s: Kaplan, Z. & Bilz, M.
Justification: This is a widespread species which faces no major threats. It is considered as an invasive plant in some countries and as a useful medicinal herb in Asia. It is listed as Least Concern.
Conservation Actions: No conservation measures in place.
IUCN and ZOO 2011
Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Description
Erect, semi-aquatic herbs, 15-45 cm tall. Leaves 3-8 x 1.5-4.5 cm obvate, base cordate, apex abruptly accuminate, thinly coriaceous; petiole 8-26 cm long, sheathing at base. Inflorescence of solitary terminal raceme, to 9 cm long, from upper nodes of emergent stems. Flowers c. 2 cm across, regular; pedicel 1-1.8cm long; bracts membraneous. Perianth campanulate, deeply lobed; lobes 3+3, deep blue, 0.8-1.2 x 0.5-0.6 cm, oblong-obovate. Stamens 6; filaments subequal. Ovary, c. 5 mm long, globose, 3-locular; ovules many per locule; style to 5 mm long; stigma 3-lobbed. Capsule to 1 x 0.8 cm, oblong. Seeds many, c. 6 mm, oblong, ribbed, transversely striate between ribs.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Cyclicity
Flower blooms during March to July
Wild edible plants of Assam. by Sri Brahmananda Patiri and Sri Ananta Borah, published by the Director Forest Communication, Forest Department, Assam. Curated for upload by Pranjal Mahananda.
Flowering and fruiting: July-November
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Morphology
Same as Monochoria hastata but here the root stock is short, leaves ovate or ovate-cordate, flowers short-pedicelled and number of flower in the raceme is more.
Wild edible plants of Assam. by Sri Brahmananda Patiri and Sri Ananta Borah, published by the Director Forest Communication, Forest Department, Assam. Curated for upload by Pranjal Mahananda.
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Freshwater
Marshes, ditches, ponds, jheels
Paddy fields and wet lowlands
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Habitat and Ecology: An annual or pseudo-annual in flooded rice fields, but may grow as a perennial in constantly flooded areas. Also found in ditches, ponds, and swamps.
Systems: Freshwater
List of Habitats: 5, 5.4, 5.7, 5.8, 15, 15.7, 15.8, 15.9
IUCN and ZOO 2011
Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Description
Global Distribution
India to China, Malesia and Japan
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Global Distribution
India: Assam, Odisha, Punjab, West Bengal; Australia
Indian Distribution
Barak Valley
Range Description: Wide distribution in South East Asia from Iran, Philippines and Indonesia, to China, Korea, Japan, and North Australia.
Countries - Native: Australia (Coral Sea Is. Territory, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia); Bhutan; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia (Jawa, Kalimantan, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatera); Japan; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Philippines; Russian Federation (Primorye); Sri Lanka; Taiwan, Province of China; Thailand; Viet Nam
IUCN and ZOO 2011
Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Category
Least Concern
Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Assessed: 2009
Assessor/s: Lansdown, R.
Reviewer/s: Kaplan, Z. & Bilz, M.
Justification: This is a widespread species which faces no major threats. It is considered as an invasive plant in some countries and as a useful medicinal herb in Asia. It is listed as Least Concern.
Conservation Actions: No conservation measures in place.
IUCN and ZOO 2011
Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda
Folk medicine
Siddha
Traditional chinese medicine
System Of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Siddha, Traditional chinese medicine
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1459
Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1459 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Young inflorescence & flowers are eaten mostly in lower Assam especially by Bodo, Koch-Rajbongshi etc.
Wild edible plants of Assam. by Sri Brahmananda Patiri and Sri Ananta Borah, published by the Director Forest Communication, Forest Department, Assam. Curated for upload by Pranjal Mahananda.
Medicinal
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1459
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/conservation-actions-classification-scheme-ver2
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/threats-classification-scheme
- Lansdown, R. 2009. Monochoria vaginalis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011.
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
- Cook, C.D.K. 2004. Aquatic and wetland plants of southern Africa. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Duke, J.A. 2010. Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/ethnobot.pl. (Accessed: 20 January).; Holm, L.G., Plucknett, D.L., Pancho, J.V. and Herberger, J.P. 1977. The world's worst weeds. Distribution and biology. University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.; Ho, P.H. 1999. Cay Co Vietnam (An illustrated Flora of Vietnam). Nha Xuat Ban Tre, Vietnam.; IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO and Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 2010. eFloras. Available at: http://www.efloras.org.; Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. and Amostrong, K. 2007. A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Lao PDR. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh.; The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2010. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl.
- Citation: Lansdown, R. 2009. Monochoria vaginalis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011.
- Lansdown, R. 2009. Monochoria vaginalis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011.
- Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1:128.1827; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1529(1068). 1931; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 293. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 417. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 390. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 479. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 403. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 815. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 512. 1990; Joseph, Aquatic Angiosp. Malabar 517. 1991; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 483. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 392. 1995; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 731. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 459. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 316. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 354. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 727. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 508. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 697. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 884. 2009.
- Pontederia vaginalis Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 80. 1768.
- Cook, C.D.K. 2004. Aquatic and wetland plants of southern Africa. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Duke, J.A. 2010. Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/ethnobot.pl. (Accessed: 20 January).; Holm, L.G., Plucknett, D.L., Pancho, J.V. and Herberger, J.P. 1977. The world's worst weeds. Distribution and biology. University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.; Ho, P.H. 1999. Cay Co Vietnam (An illustrated Flora of Vietnam). Nha Xuat Ban Tre, Vietnam.; IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO and Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 2010. eFloras. Available at: http://www.efloras.org.; Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. and Amostrong, K. 2007. A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Lao PDR. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh.; The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2010. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl.
Information Listing > References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1459
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/conservation-actions-classification-scheme-ver2
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/threats-classification-scheme
- Lansdown, R. 2009. Monochoria vaginalis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011.
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
- Cook, C.D.K. 2004. Aquatic and wetland plants of southern Africa. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Duke, J.A. 2010. Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/ethnobot.pl. (Accessed: 20 January).; Holm, L.G., Plucknett, D.L., Pancho, J.V. and Herberger, J.P. 1977. The world's worst weeds. Distribution and biology. University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.; Ho, P.H. 1999. Cay Co Vietnam (An illustrated Flora of Vietnam). Nha Xuat Ban Tre, Vietnam.; IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO and Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 2010. eFloras. Available at: http://www.efloras.org.; Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. and Amostrong, K. 2007. A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Lao PDR. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh.; The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2010. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl.
- Citation: Lansdown, R. 2009. Monochoria vaginalis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011.
- Lansdown, R. 2009. Monochoria vaginalis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011.
- Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1:128.1827; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1529(1068). 1931; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 293. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 417. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 390. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 479. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 403. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 815. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 512. 1990; Joseph, Aquatic Angiosp. Malabar 517. 1991; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 483. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 392. 1995; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 731. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 459. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 316. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 354. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 727. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 508. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 697. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 884. 2009.
- Pontederia vaginalis Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 80. 1768.
- Cook, C.D.K. 2004. Aquatic and wetland plants of southern Africa. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Duke, J.A. 2010. Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/ethnobot.pl. (Accessed: 20 January).; Holm, L.G., Plucknett, D.L., Pancho, J.V. and Herberger, J.P. 1977. The world's worst weeds. Distribution and biology. University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.; Ho, P.H. 1999. Cay Co Vietnam (An illustrated Flora of Vietnam). Nha Xuat Ban Tre, Vietnam.; IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO and Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 2010. eFloras. Available at: http://www.efloras.org.; Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. and Amostrong, K. 2007. A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Lao PDR. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh.; The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2010. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl.
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Liliopsida |
Order | Commelinales |
Family | Pontederiaceae |
Genus | Monochoria |
Species | Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) C.Presl |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups