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Solanum virginianum L.

Accepted
Solanum virginianum L.
Solanum virginianum L.
Solanum virginianum L.
Solanum virginianum L.
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🗒 Synonyms
synonymSolanum arabicum Dunal
synonymSolanum armatum Forssk.
synonymSolanum diffusum Roxb. ex Wall.
synonymSolanum jacquinii Miq.
synonymSolanum mairei H.Lév.
synonymSolanum surattense Burm.f.
synonymSolanum virginicum L.
synonymSolanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & J.C.Wendl.
synonymSolanum xanthocarpum var. jacquinii (Willd.) Dunal
synonymSolanum xanthocarpum var. schraderi Dunal
🗒 Common Names
Assamese
  • Birkuli-tita
  • Kantakari
  • Kantikari
  • কণ্টকাৰি Kantakaari
Bengali
  • কংটকরী Kantakari
English
  • Febrifuge plant
  • Yellow berried nightshade
  • Yellow-berried Nightshade
Gujarati
  • બેઠી ભોંય રિંગણી Bethi Bhoy Ringani
Hin
  • Berkateli
Hindi
  • ऊंट कंटेली Oonth-kateli
  • कटेली Kateli
  • कण्टकारी Kantakari
  • बंगकटिया Bang-katiya
  • भटकटैया Bhat-kataiya
  • भीरु Bhiru
  • रेंगनी Rengni
Irula
  • Periya sundai
Kannada
  • ನೆಲಗುಳ್ಳ Nelagulla
  • ರಾಮಗುಳ್ಳ Raamagulla
Malayalam
  • Kandakarichunda
  • Kandakarivazhuthina
  • Kandankathiri
  • Puttachunda
Manipuri
  • লৈপুংখাংগ Leipungkhanga
Marathi
  • कांटेरिंगणी Kanteringani
  • कंटकारी Kantakari
  • डोरली रिंगणी Dorali Ringani
  • रिंगणी Ringani
Oriya
  • Rengini Bhejiri
Other
  • Dwarf Wild Brinjal
  • Guiri
  • Jacquin's Nightshade
  • Kandankathiri
  • Prickly Brinjal
  • Prickly Nightshade
  • Thai Eggplant
  • Thorny Nightshade
  • Yellow-berried-night Shade
  • Yellow-fruit Nightshade
  • अड़ेरि Areri
  • कण्टकारि Kantakari
  • दमनी Damani
  • ਊਂਟ ਕਟਾਰਾ Unt Katara
  • ਛੋਟੀ ਮੌਹਰੀ Chhoti Mauhari
Sanskrit
  • अग्निदमनी Agni-damani
  • अनाक्रान्ता Anakranta
  • कण्टकश्रेणी Kantaka-shreni
  • कण्टकारी Kantakari
  • कासघ्नी Kasagni
  • दुःस्पर्ष Duhsparsha
  • निर्दिग्धा Nirdigdha
  • प्रचोदिनी Prachodini
  • प्रपूरिका Prapurika
  • भीरु Bhiru
  • राष्ट्रिका Rashtrika
  • वार्हत Varhat
Tamil
  • Kandankathiri &amp Ma
  • கண்டங்கத்தரி Kantankattari
Telugu
  • క్షుద్రము Kshudramu
  • గుర్రపు గట్టాకు Gurrapu-gatt-aku
  • నేలముల్లాకు Nela-mull-aku
  • వ్రాకుడు Vrakudu
Urdu
  • گل خار Gul Khar
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Herb
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors 
D. Narasimhan
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY
References 
    Diagnostic Keys
    Description
    Branched diffuse herbs, stems glandular hairy; prickles 2 cm long, spinescent, gradually or not broaden towards the base, present on all parts except berries. Leaves to 13 x 10 cm, lyrate, membranous; petioles to 8 cm long. Peduncle absent. Flowers 2-4 together, axillary; pedicel 2 cm long, stout; corolla 18 mm across, sparsely hispid. Berry 25 mm across, reddish, smooth; seeds flat, not pitted.
    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      Habit: Herb/Undershrub
      G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY
      References 
        Habit: A perennial, prostrate subshrub, upto 70cm.
        Keystone Foundation
        Attributions Keystone Foundation
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY
        References 
          No Data
          📚 Natural History
          Cyclicity
          Flowering and fruiting: August-November
          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY
          References 
            Morphology
            Flower

            In extra-axillary, 4-5-flowered cymes; purple. Flowering throughout the year.

            Fruit

            A globose berry, green with white stripes, ripening yellow; seeds many. Fruiting throughout the year.

            Field tips

            Branchlets, leaves and fruits with straight, yellow prickles.

            Leaf Arrangement

            Alternate-distichous

            Leaf Type

            Pinnatifid

            Leaf Shape

            Ovate or elliptic

            Leaf Apex

            Acute

            Leaf Base

            Attenuate

            Leaf Margin

            Lacerate

            Keystone Foundation
            Attributions Keystone Foundation
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY
            References 
              Miscellaneous Details
              Notes: Evergreen forests
              G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY
              References 
                No Data
                📚 Habitat and Distribution
                General Habitat
                Wet places, moist soil, dampy areas
                Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                  Degraded forest areas, also along roadsides and wastelands
                  Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY
                  References 
                    Description
                    Global Distribution

                    India, Himalaya, South East Asia, Malesia, Australia, Polynesia

                    Indian distribution

                    State - Kerala, District/s: Palakkad, Kasaragode, Kollam, Idukki, Thiruvananthapuram, Malappuram, Kozhikkode, Wayanad

                    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                    Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      Global Distribution

                      India: Assam, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh

                      Local Distribution

                      Bongaigaon, Goalpara

                      Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                      Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        Maharashtra: Common throughout Karnataka: Chikmagalur, Mysore, N. Kanara, Shimoga, S. Kanara Kerala: Idukki, Kasaragod, Kollam, Kozhikode, Malapuram, Palakkad, Thiruvananthapuram Tamil Nadu: All districts
                        G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                        Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY
                        References 
                          Found along the roadsies and fallow fields from plains to 400m. Common. India, Sri Lanka, S.E.Asia, Australia and Polynesia.
                          Keystone Foundation
                          Attributions Keystone Foundation
                          Contributors 
                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                          Licenses CC_BY
                          References 
                            No Data
                            📚 Occurrence
                            No Data
                            📚 Uses and Management
                            Uses

                            System of Medicines Used In

                            Ayurveda
                            Ayurveda
                            System Of Medicines Used In

                            Ayurveda

                            FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1960
                            Attributions FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1960
                            Contributors 
                            Status UNDER_CREATION
                            Licenses CC_BY
                            References 
                              The root is an important ingredient of well-known ayurvedic medicine Dasamula.
                              Keystone Foundation
                              Attributions Keystone Foundation
                              Contributors 
                              Status UNDER_CREATION
                              Licenses CC_BY
                              References 
                                Medicinal
                                Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                                Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                                Contributors 
                                Status UNDER_CREATION
                                Licenses CC_BY
                                References 
                                  Folklore
                                  Indigenous Information: Fruits used to prepare curries.
                                  Keystone Foundation
                                  Attributions Keystone Foundation
                                  Contributors 
                                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                                  Licenses CC_BY
                                  References 
                                    No Data
                                    📚 Information Listing
                                    References
                                    1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1960
                                    1. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                                    1. Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl., Sert. Hannov. 1: 8. t.2. 1795; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 236. 1883; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 938(658). 1923.
                                    2. Solanum surattense Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 57. 1768; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 190. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 278. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 252. 1985; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 320. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 323. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 243. 1995; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 274. 1998.
                                    3. Solanum virginianum L., Sp. Pl. 187. 1753; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 504. 1990; Hepper & Jaeger, Kew Bull. 42: 434. 1986; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 213. 2002; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 575. 2009.
                                    Information Listing > References
                                    1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1960
                                    2. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                                    3. Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl., Sert. Hannov. 1: 8. t.2. 1795; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 236. 1883; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 938(658). 1923.
                                    4. Solanum surattense Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 57. 1768; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 190. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 278. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 252. 1985; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 320. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 323. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 243. 1995; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 274. 1998.
                                    5. Solanum virginianum L., Sp. Pl. 187. 1753; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 504. 1990; Hepper & Jaeger, Kew Bull. 42: 434. 1986; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 213. 2002; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 575. 2009.

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                                    No Data
                                    📚 Meta data
                                    No Data
                                    🐾 Taxonomy
                                    RootRoot
                                    KingdomPlantae
                                    PhylumTracheophyta
                                    ClassMagnoliopsida
                                    OrderSolanales
                                    FamilySolanaceae
                                    GenusSolanum
                                    SpeciesSolanum virginianum L.
                                    📊 Temporal Distribution
                                    📷 Related Observations
                                    👥 Groups
                                    India Biodiversity PortalIndia Biodiversity Portal
                                    The Western GhatsThe Western Ghats
                                    PlantsIndiaPlantsIndia
                                    Medicinal PlantsMedicinal Plants
                                    Assam Biodiversity PortalAssam Biodiversity Portal
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