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Mussaenda frondosa L.

Accepted
Mussaenda frondosa
Mussaenda frondosa
Mussaenda frondosa
Mussaenda frondosa
Mussaenda frondosa
Mussaenda frondosa
Mussaenda frondosa
Mussaenda frondosa
Mussaenda frondosa
🗒 Synonyms
synonymGardenia frondosa (L.) Lam.
synonymMussaenda belilla Buch.-Ham.
synonymMussaenda dovinia Buch.-Ham.
synonymMussaenda flavescens Buch.-Ham.
synonymMussaenda formosa L., nom. illeg.
synonymMussaenda fruticosa L.
synonymMussaenda ingrata Wall. ex Hook.f.
synonymMussaenda macrophylla Kurz, nom. illeg.
synonymMussaenda sumatrensis B.Heyne ex Roth
synonymMussaenda tomentosa Wight ex Hook.f., pro syn.
synonymMussaenda villosa Schltdl. ex Hook.f., nom. illeg.
🗒 Common Names
Assamese
  • Sona-rupa
English
  • Schizomussaenda
Malayalam
  • Parathole
  • Vellapperuma
  • Vellila
  • Vellilam
  • Vellilathaali
  • Vellimayithali
Other
  • Flag Bush
  • Vellai Ilai
  • Vellimadhandai
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Shrub
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors 
D. Narasimhan
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY
References 
    Diagnostic Keys
    Description
    Straggling shrubs; branchlets pubescent. Leaves 6-10 x 4-6 cm, broadly ovate, base rounded, caudate acuminate at apex, sparsely hairy on both surfaces; petiole to 1.5 cm long; stipules 3-4 mm long, ovate, bifid at apex. Cymes terminal, lax, tomentose. Flowers 5-merous. Bracts and bracteoles linear, 1-1.5 cm, hairy. Calyx-lobes 5, 0.8-1 cm long, lanceolate, hairy, one of the calyx lobes transformed into a showy, white, pubescent, leaf-like structure, 8-12 x c. 4.5 cm. Corolla 2.5-3 cm long, funnel-shaped dialated above middle, orange-red or yellow, tomentose outside, villous at mouth; lobes 6-7 mm long, ovate-lanceolate. Stamens 5, included or exserted. Berry c. 1 cm across, globose.
    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      Habit: Shrub
      G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY
      References 
        No Data
        📚 Natural History
        Cyclicity
        Flowering and fruiting: September-March
        Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY
        References 
          Miscellaneous Details
          Notes: Western Ghats, Moist Deciduous to Evergreen Forests. Endemic to Peninsular India
          G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
          Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY
          References 
            No Data
            📚 Habitat and Distribution
            General Habitat
            Moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forests, also in the plains
            Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
            Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY
            References 
              Cosmopoltian
              Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
              Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY
              References 
                Description
                Kerala: Kollam, Kottayam, Kozhikode, Malapuram, Thiruvananthapuram Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore, Dindigul, Nilgiri, Salem, Theni, Tiruchchirappalli
                G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                  Global Distribution

                  Peninsular India

                  Indian distribution

                  State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts

                  Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY
                  References 
                    Global Distribution

                    India: Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim; Sri Lanka, Nepal

                    Local Distribution

                    Assam

                    Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                    Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      Endemic Distribution
                      Peninsular India
                      Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                      Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        No Data
                        📚 Occurrence
                        No Data
                        📚 Uses and Management
                        Uses

                        System of Medicines Used In

                        Ayurveda
                        Ayurveda
                        Folk medicine
                        Folk medicine
                        Siddha
                        Siddha
                        Medicinal
                        Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                        Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY
                        References 
                          System Of Medicines Used In

                          Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Siddha

                          FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1483
                          Attributions FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1483
                          Contributors 
                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                          Licenses CC_BY
                          References 
                            No Data
                            📚 Information Listing
                            References
                            1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1483
                            1. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                            2. Mussaenda frondosa L. var. laxa Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 89. 1880.
                            3. Mussaenda belilla Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 203. 1824; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 214. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 198. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 225. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 339. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 237. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 238. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 171. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 228. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 160. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 337. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 180. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 155. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 335. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 258. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 360. 2009.
                            4. Mussaenda frondosa L., Syst. Nat. (ed.10) 2: 931.1759; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 89. 1880; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 610(430). 1921; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 145. 1982; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 198. 1989; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 172. 1995; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 337. 1997; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 335. 2002; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 430. 2009.
                            5. Mussaenda laxa (Hook. f.) Hutch. ex Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 610(430). 1921; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 12.1996.
                            Information Listing > References
                            1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1483
                            2. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                            3. Mussaenda frondosa L. var. laxa Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 89. 1880.
                            4. Mussaenda belilla Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 203. 1824; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 214. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 198. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 225. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 339. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 237. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 238. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 171. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 228. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 160. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 337. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 180. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 155. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 335. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 258. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 360. 2009.
                            5. Mussaenda frondosa L., Syst. Nat. (ed.10) 2: 931.1759; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 89. 1880; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 610(430). 1921; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 145. 1982; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 198. 1989; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 172. 1995; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 337. 1997; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 335. 2002; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 430. 2009.
                            6. Mussaenda laxa (Hook. f.) Hutch. ex Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 610(430). 1921; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 12.1996.

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                            No Data
                            📚 Meta data
                            No Data
                            🐾 Taxonomy
                            RootRoot
                            KingdomPlantae
                            PhylumTracheophyta
                            ClassMagnoliopsida
                            OrderGentianales
                            FamilyRubiaceae
                            GenusMussaenda
                            SpeciesMussaenda frondosa L.
                            📊 Temporal Distribution
                            📷 Related Observations
                            👥 Groups
                            India Biodiversity PortalIndia Biodiversity Portal
                            The Western GhatsThe Western Ghats
                            PlantsIndiaPlantsIndia
                            Medicinal PlantsMedicinal Plants
                            Assam Biodiversity PortalAssam Biodiversity Portal
                            Rainforest Biodiversity of PhaleeRainforest Biodiversity of Phalee
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