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Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam.

Accepted
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam.
/Toddalia_asiatica/Toddalia_asiatica.tif.JPG
🗒 Synonyms
synonymAralia labordei H. Lév.
synonymCrantzia micracantha (Bl.) Kuntze
synonymCrantzia nitida (Lam.) Kuntze
synonymCrantzia schmideliodes (Baker) Kuntze
synonymCrantzia willdenowii (Steud.) Kuntze
synonymCranzia aculeata (Pers.) Oken
synonymLimonia oligandra Dalz.
synonymPaullinia asiatica L.
synonymRubentia angustifolia Boj. ex Steud.
synonymScopolia aculeata Sm.
synonymScopolia angustifolia Spreng.
synonymScopolia micracantha Bl.
synonymScopolia nitida (Lam.) Willd. ex Spreng.
synonymToddalia aculeata Pers.
synonymToddalia ambigua Turcz.
synonymToddalia angustifolia Lam.
synonymToddalia asiatica gracilis Gamble
synonymToddalia asiatica var. floribunda (Wallich) Kurz
synonymToddalia asiatica var. obtusifolia Gamble
synonymToddalia asiatica var. parva Z.M. Tan
synonymToddalia effusa Turcz.
synonymToddalia floribunda Wall.
synonymToddalia micrantha Steud.
synonymToddalia nitida Lam.
synonymToddalia rubicaulis Roem. & Schult.
synonymToddalia schmidelioides Baker
synonymToddalia tonkinensis Guill.
synonymToddalia willdenowii Steud.
synonymZanthoxylum floribundum Wall.
synonymZanthoxylum nitidum Wall.
🗒 Common Names
English
  • Forest pepper
  • Forest-Pepper
  • Lopez root
  • Lopez tree
  • Wild orange tree
Irula
  • Erikonthai
Malayalam
  • Kakkathodali
  • Kanthamkolunthu
  • Kanthammullu
  • Karamullu
  • Melakkaranam
  • Mulakuthali
Other
  • Wild Orange Tree
Tamil
  • Kindu mullu
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Shrub
Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
Contributors 
admin
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY
References 
    Brief
    Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Climber
    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      Diagnostic Keys
      Description
      Stragglers, the stem scrambling by the sharp, recurved prickles. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets sessile, 3-6 x 1.5-2.5 cm, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, base acute, margins shallowly crenulate, apex obtuse or acute, thin-coriaceous; petiole to 2.5 cm, often prickly beneath. Panicles axillary, to 5 cm long. Flowers c. 4 mm across. Sepals small, deltoid. Petals c. 3 x 1.5 cm, oblong, cream coloured, glandular. Stamens c. 3 mm long. Ovary in the pistillate flowers on a short gynophore. Fruit c. 5 mm across, subglobose, apiculate, glandular, orange colour when ripe. Seeds 3 or 4, subreniform.
      Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
      Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY
      References 
        Habit: An armed straggling shrub, to 8m.
        Keystone Foundation
        Attributions Keystone Foundation
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY
        References 
          No Data
          📚 Natural History
          Cyclicity
          Flowering and fruiting: September-July
          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY
          References 
            Morphology

            Growth Form

            Shrub
            Shrub
            Flower

            In terminal or axillary panicles; yellowish-white. Flowering from July-October.

            Fruit

            A subglobose berry; orange when ripe; seeds 3 or 4, subreniform. Fruiting from December-February.

            Field tips

            Branchlets with recurved prickles. Petioles and midrib beneath not prickled. Leaves gland dotted.

            Leaf Arrangement

            Alternate -spiral

            Leaf Type

            3-foliolate

            Leaf Shape

            Elliptic-lanceolate

            Leaf Apex

            Obtuse-acute

            Leaf Base

            Cuneate

            Leaf Margin

            Entire

            Keystone Foundation
            Attributions Keystone Foundation
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY
            References 
              No Data
              📚 Habitat and Distribution
              General Habitat
              Shady areas, swamps
              Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
              Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY
              References 
                Evergreen and shola forests, also in scrub jungles
                Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                  Description
                  Global Distribution

                  India: Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha

                  Indian Distribution

                  Throughout Assam

                  Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                  Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY
                  References 
                    Very common along shola borders and forest thickets above 1000m. India to China and Malesia.
                    Keystone Foundation
                    Attributions Keystone Foundation
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      Global Distribution

                      Indo-Malesia and Africa

                      Indian distribution

                      State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts

                      Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                      Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        No Data
                        📚 Occurrence
                        No Data
                        📚 Uses and Management
                        Uses

                        System of Medicines Used In

                        Ayurveda
                        Ayurveda
                        Folk medicine
                        Folk medicine
                        Siddha
                        Siddha
                        Traditional chinese medicine
                        Traditional chinese medicine
                        System Of Medicines Used In

                        Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Siddha, Traditional chinese medicine

                        FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2092
                        Attributions FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2092
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY
                        References 
                          The fruit, leaves and roots are used in herbal preparations.
                          Keystone Foundation
                          Attributions Keystone Foundation
                          Contributors 
                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                          Licenses CC_BY
                          References 
                            Medicinal
                            Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                            Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                            Contributors 
                            Status UNDER_CREATION
                            Licenses CC_BY
                            References 
                              Folklore
                              Indigenous Information: The crushed leaves are applied on the skin to cure skin diseases. Fruits edible.
                              Keystone Foundation
                              Attributions Keystone Foundation
                              Contributors 
                              Status UNDER_CREATION
                              Licenses CC_BY
                              References 
                                No Data
                                📚 Information Listing
                                References
                                1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2092
                                1. Toddalia floribunda Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 17, t. 232. 1832.
                                2. Toddalia aculeata (Smith) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 249. 1805; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 497. 1875.
                                3. Paullinia asiatica L., Sp. Pl. 365. 1753.
                                4. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 2: 116. 1797; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 150(107). 1915; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 59. 1982; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 25,33. 1996; K.N. Nair & M.P. Nayar in Hajra et al., Fl. India 4: 403.1997; Swarup. et al., Shola For. Kerala 69. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 55. 1998; Pradeep, Fl. Vellarimala 38. 2000; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 51. 2002; R.K. Premanath in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 610. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 199. 2009.
                                5. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. var. gracilis Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 151(107). 1915; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 111. 1990; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 57. 1999.
                                6. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. var. floribunda (Wall.) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal pt.2, Nat. Hist. 44: 130. 1875; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 151(107). 1915; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 46. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 85. 1988; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 106. 1990; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 85. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 126. 1997; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 113. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 159. 2009.
                                7. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam., Illustr. 2: 116. 1797, var. obtusifolia Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 151(107). 1915; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 47. 1988; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 146. 2002; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 85. 1996.
                                Information Listing > References
                                1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2092
                                2. Toddalia floribunda Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 17, t. 232. 1832.
                                3. Toddalia aculeata (Smith) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 249. 1805; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 497. 1875.
                                4. Paullinia asiatica L., Sp. Pl. 365. 1753.
                                5. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 2: 116. 1797; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 150(107). 1915; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 59. 1982; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 25,33. 1996; K.N. Nair & M.P. Nayar in Hajra et al., Fl. India 4: 403.1997; Swarup. et al., Shola For. Kerala 69. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 55. 1998; Pradeep, Fl. Vellarimala 38. 2000; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 51. 2002; R.K. Premanath in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 610. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 199. 2009.
                                6. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. var. gracilis Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 151(107). 1915; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 111. 1990; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 57. 1999.
                                7. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. var. floribunda (Wall.) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal pt.2, Nat. Hist. 44: 130. 1875; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 151(107). 1915; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 46. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 85. 1988; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 106. 1990; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 85. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 126. 1997; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 113. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 159. 2009.
                                8. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam., Illustr. 2: 116. 1797, var. obtusifolia Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 151(107). 1915; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 47. 1988; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 146. 2002; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 85. 1996.

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                                No Data
                                📚 Meta data
                                No Data
                                🐾 Taxonomy
                                RootRoot
                                KingdomPlantae
                                PhylumTracheophyta
                                ClassMagnoliopsida
                                OrderSapindales
                                FamilyRutaceae
                                GenusToddalia
                                SpeciesToddalia asiatica (L.) Lam.
                                📊 Temporal Distribution
                                📷 Related Observations
                                👥 Groups
                                India Biodiversity PortalIndia Biodiversity Portal
                                The Western GhatsThe Western Ghats
                                PlantsIndiaPlantsIndia
                                Medicinal PlantsMedicinal Plants
                                Assam Biodiversity PortalAssam Biodiversity Portal
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