Lippia species are pubescent or glabrous shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves decussate-opposite or ternate, simple, deciduous, sessile or petiolate, margin dentate or serrate. Inflorescence axillary, spicate or fasciled cylindric heads, dense, pedunculate, bracts conspicuous. Flowers sessile. Calyx glabrous, membranous, compressed, Corolla hypocrateriform, 4 lobed, red, purple, white or blue. Stamens 4, didynamous, anthers ovoid. Ovary 2-loculed, 1 ovule in each locule, Style shorter than corolla tube, Stigma oblique or recurved. Fruit drupaceous with 2 seeded pyrenes, seeds nonendospermous.
Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng.
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Blairia javanica (Burm.f.) Gaertn. |
synonym | Lantana galpiniana H.Pearson |
synonym | Lantana lavandulacea Willd. |
synonym | Lippia asperifolia A.Rich. ex Marthe |
synonym | Lippia capensis (Thunb.) Spreng. |
synonym | Lippia indica Moldenke |
synonym | Lippia scabra Hochst. |
synonym | Lippia whytei Moldenke |
synonym | Phyla javanica (Burm.f.) Moldenke |
synonym | Verbena capensis Thunb. |
synonym | Verbena javanica Burm.f. |
synonym | Verbena odorata Desf. ex Steud., nom. inval. |
synonym | Zappania javanica (Burm.f.) Lam. |
synonym | Zappania odoratissima Scop. |
🗒 Common Names
Assamese |
|
English |
|
Mishing |
|
bodo |
|
📚 Overview
Summary
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Habit: Shrub
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Large herbs. Leaves to 1.5-4.5 x 1-2 cm, ovate-elliptic or oblong, apex acute, base rounded, crenate, strigose; petiole to 1 cm long, hairy. Spikes axillary, 2.5 x 0.5 cm, cymose; peduncles 2-4 cm; flowers yellowish white; bracts 3 x 2 mm, broadly ovate; calyx 2-lobed, 2 mm long, hirsute; corolla tube 4 mm long, pubescent; stamens included. Pyrenes 2, 1 x 1.5 mm, enclosed in accrescent calyx lobes.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
References
Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 2: 752. 1825
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Natural History
Cyclicity
Flowering : February - March
Wild edible plants of Assam. by Sri Brahmananda Patiri and Sri Ananta Borah, published by the Director Forest Communication, Forest Department, Assam. Curated for upload by Pranjal Mahananda.
Flowering and fruiting: December-March
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Reproduction
Lippia species flowers are bisexual, i.e., with functional male (androecium) and female (gynoecium), including stamens, carpels and ovary. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects. Flowering/Fruiting: July-March.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Dispersal
Seeds dispersed by anemochory i.e., wind dispersal, endozoochory i.e., dispersal by birds and animals internally, epizoochory i.e., dispersal by animals externally, anthropochory i.e., dispersal by humans.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Morphology
A gregarious strongly aromatic shrub found mainly near the water bodies along with reeds near river bank.. Branches slender, quadriangular and hairy. Leaves small, ovate lenceolate, crenate serrate acute, hairy punctate above, petiole short. Flowers pink, scented, in dense sub capilate spike
Wild edible plants of Assam. by Sri Brahmananda Patiri and Sri Ananta Borah, published by the Director Forest Communication, Forest Department, Assam. Curated for upload by Pranjal Mahananda.
Aromatic shrub about 3-6 ft tall, Stem and branches 4 angular, pubescent, striate, stramineous, internodes about 4-8 cm long. Leaves decussate-opposite, lanceolate-elliptic, 3-7 x 1-3 cm across, base acuminate, margin serrate-crenate, apex acute to acuminate, pubescent, chartaceous, scabrid above and beneath, lateral veins 4-7 on either side of the midvein, above impressed, prominent beneath, petiole 0.2-0.5 cm long. Inflorescence axillary spike or fasciled cylindric head, peduncles usually forked, terete about 2-5 cm long, bracts ovate, pubescent, Flowers sessile, Calyx cupular, 2 lobed, lobes obtuse, concave, pubescent, base slightly connate, Corolla hypocrateriform, 2-lipped, unequal 4 lobed, creamish white, pubescent, lateral lobes emarginated, upper lobes suborbicular, Corolla tube, narrow cylindric, sparsely pubescent, Stamens 4, didynamous, filaments slender, anthers creamish yellow, ovoid, Ovary oblong, about 1 x 0.5 mm, 2 loculed, Style about 2 mm long, Stigma subcapitate. Fruit drupe, ovoid, globose, endocarp hard, with two single seeded pyrenes.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Diseases
Susceptible to insect pests.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Miscellaneous Details
Notes: Plains, Riverbanks, Native of Java
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Margin of jheels, marshes
Dry deciduous forests
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Along streams, river banks and wet places.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Global Distribution
India: Assam, Bihar, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Nilgiri Meghalaya; America
Local Distribution
Bongaigaon, Kamrup (Guwahati), Barak Valley Goalpara, Tinsukia (Sadiya)
Global Distribution
India and Africa
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: Idukki, Palakkad
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Local Distribution: Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Global Distribution: Asia: India, Indonesia?, Philippines?; Africa: Angola, Botswana, Cape Province, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozamique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Kerala: Idukki, Palakkad
Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Tiruchchirappalli
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Folk medicine
System Of Medicines Used In
Folk medicine
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=3738
Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=3738 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Leaves are used as vegetable by Mishing, Bodo & Karbi. Aromatic leaves are also added to various curries for flavour. Leaves are chewed by many people after return from cremation, believed to gain power against devils.
Wild edible plants of Assam. by Sri Brahmananda Patiri and Sri Ananta Borah, published by the Director Forest Communication, Forest Department, Assam. Curated for upload by Pranjal Mahananda.
Medicinal
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Used as medicine for cough or cold because of its antimicrobial activity. Leaves used as medicine for respiratory problems. Roots used traditionally to treat diarrhea, dysentery and malaria. Essential oil prepared is used as medicine. In 2008 bioactivity of the species was tested against HIV-1 virus, in which two compounds Tagetenone epoxide and trimethyl ether were found to reverse transcriptase enzyme of HIV-1 by 91 and 53 percent respectively.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN)
Not evaluated (IUCN).
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=3738
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33701741 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Lippia+alba&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-113550 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Global Information Hub on Integrated Medicine: URL: http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81394:lippia ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 563. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 202-205. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 16 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33701741 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Lippia+alba&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-113550 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Global Information Hub on Integrated Medicine: URL: http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81394:lippia ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 563. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 202-205. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 16 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
- Lippia geminata HBK, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 214.1817; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4:563. 1885; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1088(762). 1924.
- Lantana alba Mill., Gard. Dict. (ed. 8) 4. 1768.
- Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 752. 1825; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 241. 1999; Rajendran & Daniel, Indian Verbenaceae 202. 2002.
- Lippia alba sensu Vajr., Fl. Palghat 367. 1990, non (Mill.) N.E. Br. 1925.
- Lippia unica Ramakr., Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 54. 925. 1957.
- Verbena javanica Burm.f., Fl. Ind. 12. t.6. f.2. 1768.
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Matthew 1983
Information Listing > References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=3738
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33701741 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Lippia+alba&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-113550 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Global Information Hub on Integrated Medicine: URL: http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81394:lippia ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 563. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 202-205. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 16 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33701741 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Lippia+alba&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-113550 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Global Information Hub on Integrated Medicine: URL: http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81394:lippia ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 563. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 202-205. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 16 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
- Lippia geminata HBK, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 214.1817; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4:563. 1885; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1088(762). 1924.
- Lantana alba Mill., Gard. Dict. (ed. 8) 4. 1768.
- Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 752. 1825; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 241. 1999; Rajendran & Daniel, Indian Verbenaceae 202. 2002.
- Lippia alba sensu Vajr., Fl. Palghat 367. 1990, non (Mill.) N.E. Br. 1925.
- Lippia unica Ramakr., Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 54. 925. 1957.
- Verbena javanica Burm.f., Fl. Ind. 12. t.6. f.2. 1768.
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Matthew 1983
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Magnoliopsida |
Order | Lamiales |
Family | Verbenaceae |
Genus | Lippia |
Species | Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups