Bergia species are annual, perennial or undershrubs, stem ascending, erect or decumbent, branched diffusely, glabrous or pubescent, rooting at nodes. Leaves simple, opposite, pseudo whorled, ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, margin entire or minutely serrate, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous or pubescent, petiole short, stipulate, margins denticulate or ciliate, usually peristent. Inflorescence solitary or fascicled, axillary or terminal. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, usually pentamerous, pedicel short or subsessile, bracteates, sepals 3-5, free, ovate-oblong, united at the base, margins membranous, apex acute or subacute, keeled, petals 3-5, free, pink, white or purple, longer than the sepals, laneolate to ovate-oblong, margin entire or membranous. Stamens 5-10, usually in 2 series, filaments filiform, dilated at the base, anthers 2-locular, dorsifixed, dehiscing longitudinally disk hypogynous. Ovary superior, 3-5 locular, syncarpus, ovules numerous, anatropus, axil placentation, styles 3-5, short, erect or curved, stigma clavate. Fruit capsule, obovoid-globose, dehiscing septicidally or septifrugally. Seeds numerous, oblong, erect, surface smooth, scalariform or reticulate.
Bergia capensis L.
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Bergia aquatica Roxb. |
synonym | Bergia sessiliflora Griseb. |
synonym | Bergia verticillaris Druce |
synonym | Bergia verticillata Willd. |
synonym | Elatine luxurians Delile |
synonym | Elatine verticillata Wight & Arn. |
🗒 Common Names
Beng |
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Eng |
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Tamil |
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Telugu |
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mal |
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📚 Overview
Summary
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Habit: Perennial herb
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Herbs, main stem creeping; branches erect or ascending, to 40 cm high, rooting at lower nodes; stems to 35 cm long, glabrous, reddish or pink, fleshy. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, cuneate at base, minutely serrate at margin, acute at apex, 3-3.6 x 0.6-0.7 cm; midnerve very prominent and purplish beneath, sunken above; lateral nerves 6-8 pairs, alternate except basal ones, distinct beneath, faint above; stipules ovate or lanceolate, acuminate at apex, dentate to ciliate at margin, ca 3.5 mm long, membranous. Flowers ca 1 mm across, in dense axillary clusters; pedicels ca 1.5 mm long, glabrous. Sepals 3, ovate-lanceolate, entire at margin, acuminate at apex with a blunt swollen tip, ca 1.2 mm long. Petals 3, oblong or subspatulate, obtuse at apex, ca 1.5 mm long pink. Stamens 5, ca 1.2 mm long. Carpels 5, connate; ovary globose; styles 5. Capsules globose, ca 1.5 mm with 5 longitudinal furrows, breaking into 5 valves; seeds numerous, minute, oblong or obovoid, reticulate, brownish.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
References
Mant. Pl. Altera 2: 241. 1771
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Natural History
Reproduction
Bergia species flowers are complete, bisexual, i.e., with functional male (androecium) and female (gynoecium), including stamens, carpels and ovary. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects, or cleistogamy i.e., by self or allogamy i.e., by cross pollination. Flowering/Fruiting: August-November.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Dispersal
Seeds may be dispersed by autochory i.e., self dispersal, anemochory i.e., wind dispersal, zoochory i.e., dispersal by birds or animals.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Morphology
Annual or perennial herbs, about 10-35 cm tall, stem ascending, erect, succulent, reddish, much branched, with ascending and creeping branches, constricted and rooting at nodes. Leaves simple, opposite-decussate, narrow elliptic-oblong to lanceolate, about 19-50 x 10-22 mm across, attenuate or decurrent at the base, margin entire, apex acute or subacute, glabrous, petiole stout, about 1-5 mm long, stipules, ovate-triangular, margins pectinate membranous, glandular, usually persistent, about 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence densely fascicled in axillary cymes. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, about 2-3 mm across, pedicel subsessile or about 1-4 mm long, bracteate, sepals 3-5, free, ovate-lanceolate, united at the base, membranous, apex subacute, keeled, green with reddish tips, about 1.5-2.5 mm long, petals 3-5, free, white or pink, longer than the sepals, obovate-oblong to spathulate, transparent, margin entire or membranous, apex with mucronate tip, about 2-2.5 mm long. Stamens 10, usually in 2 series, filaments filiform, about 1-1.5 mm long, dilated at the base, anthers 2-locular, oblong, dorsifixed, dehiscing longitudinally disk hypogynous. Ovary superior, 5 locular, syncarpus, ovoid-subglobose, about 2 mm long, ovules numerous, anatropus, axil placentation, styles 5, slightly curved, about 2 mm long, stigma capitate. Fruit capsule, obovoid-globose, about 2 mm across, 5 loculed, dehiscing septicidally or septifrugally. Seeds numerous, oblong-ellipsoid, minute, dark brown to black, scalariform or reticulate.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Diseases
Bergia species are susceptible to various insect pests, powdery mildews, root knot by nematodes and moulds.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Miscellaneous Details
Notes: Fallow lands, Paddy fields and grasslands
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Fallow lands, paddy fields and grasslands
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
In wet muddy places, fallow, paddy fields, near ponds and marshy river banks.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Global Distribution
Pantropical
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: Alappuzha, Kollam, Kottayam, Malappuram, Kozhikkode, Ernakulam, Thrissur
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Ratnagiri, Sangli, Satara, Sindhudurg
Karnataka: N. Kanara
Kerala: Alapuzha, Kollam, Kozhikode, Malappuram
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Global Distribution
Asia: China, India, Iran, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand; Africa; Europe; North America.
Local Distribution
Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Diu & Daman, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Conservation Status
Not evaluated (IUCN).
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Folk medicine
Used in folk rituals and medicine.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
System Of Medicines Used In
Folk medicine
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2696
Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2696 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- Bergia capensis L., Mant. Pl. 2: 241. 1771; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 69(49). 1915; N.C. Nair et al., Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 2: 223. 1981; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 40. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 78. 1984; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 42. 1990; Jayasri in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: 34. 1993; Joseph, Aquatic Angiosp. Malabar 66. 1991; V.P. Prasad in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 322. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 105. 2009.
- Elatine verticillata (Willd.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. 41. 1834.
- Bergia verticillata Willd., Sp. Pl. (ed.4) 770. 1799; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 252. 1874.
- Bergia aquatica Roxb., Pl. Corom. t. 142. 1800.
- Flora of Karnataka, Sharma B. D, 1984, Biodiversity Documentation for Kerala Part 6: Flowering Plants, N. Sasidharan, 2004, Flora of Kolhapur District, Yadav S. R & Sardesai M. M, 2002, Flora of Maharastra State Dicotyledones, Vol I, Lakshminarasimhan P. & Prasanna P. V, 2000
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/11800019
- The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Bergia+capensis&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
- The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2674895
- Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist. URL: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/70d3399f318a82e136ed04c6b0d4d22c
- Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/linnaean-typification/search/detail.dsml?ID=128900&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dBergia%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith
- Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) A© 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College.Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2014]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014275
- Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121.
- Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127.
- Saxena, N. B. & Shamindra Saxena (2001) Plant Taxonomy. Reprint by Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. 124.
- Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 251.
- Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 3: 34.
- ENVIS Centre for Medicinal Plants. URL: http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search.php
- Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2014.IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 May 2016.
- Plant reproductive morphology. (2014, November 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:57, April 9, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400Seed dispersal. (2015, March 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:59, April 9, 2015, from, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927License*:
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2696
Information Listing > References
- Bergia capensis L., Mant. Pl. 2: 241. 1771; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 69(49). 1915; N.C. Nair et al., Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 2: 223. 1981; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 40. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 78. 1984; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 42. 1990; Jayasri in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: 34. 1993; Joseph, Aquatic Angiosp. Malabar 66. 1991; V.P. Prasad in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 322. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 105. 2009.
- Elatine verticillata (Willd.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. 41. 1834.
- Bergia verticillata Willd., Sp. Pl. (ed.4) 770. 1799; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 252. 1874.
- Bergia aquatica Roxb., Pl. Corom. t. 142. 1800.
- Flora of Karnataka, Sharma B. D, 1984, Biodiversity Documentation for Kerala Part 6: Flowering Plants, N. Sasidharan, 2004, Flora of Kolhapur District, Yadav S. R & Sardesai M. M, 2002, Flora of Maharastra State Dicotyledones, Vol I, Lakshminarasimhan P. & Prasanna P. V, 2000
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/11800019
- The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Bergia+capensis&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
- The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2674895
- Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist. URL: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/70d3399f318a82e136ed04c6b0d4d22c
- Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/linnaean-typification/search/detail.dsml?ID=128900&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dBergia%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith
- Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) A© 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College.Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2014]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014275
- Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121.
- Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127.
- Saxena, N. B. & Shamindra Saxena (2001) Plant Taxonomy. Reprint by Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. 124.
- Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 251.
- Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 3: 34.
- ENVIS Centre for Medicinal Plants. URL: http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search.php
- Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2014.IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 May 2016.
- Plant reproductive morphology. (2014, November 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:57, April 9, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400Seed dispersal. (2015, March 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:59, April 9, 2015, from, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927License*:
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2696
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Equisetopsida C. Agardh |
Order | Malpighiales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl |
Family | Elatinaceae |
Genus | Bergia |
Species | Bergia capensis L. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations