Tree
Grewia tiliifolia Vahl
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Grewia arborea Roxb. ex Rottl. |
synonym | Grewia asiatica var. vestita Wall. ex Mast. |
synonym | Grewia inaequalis Blume |
synonym | Grewia leptopetala Brandis |
synonym | Grewia rotunda C. Y. Wu ex H. T. Chang |
synonym | Grewia subinaequalis DC. |
synonym | Grewia tiliifolia var. argentea Burrett |
synonym | Grewia tiliifolia var. leptopetala (Braudis) T. Cooke |
synonym | Grewia variabilis Wall. |
synonym | Microcos lateriflora L. |
🗒 Common Names
English |
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Malayalam |
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Other |
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📚 Overview
Description
Large trees, bark dark brown or greyish-brown, rough, vertically striated; blaze brownish-red, fibrous, streaked; branchlets stellate-tomentose. Leaves simple, alternate; stipules 7-10 mm, lateral, auricled; petiole 8-35 mm, stout, swollen tipped, pubescent; lamina 6-36 x 3-24 cm, broadly ovate or obliquely ovate to round, base obliquely cordate or subcordate, apex acute, margin double serrate or crenate-serrate, glabrescent above and hoary pubescent beneath, coriaceous, 5-7-ribbed from base, prominent, lateral nerves 3-6 pairs, pinnate, prominent, intercostae scalariform, prominent. Flowers bisexual, yellow, in axillary umbels; peduncle 1.5-2 cm long; sepals 5, pubescent; petals 5, yellow, half the length of sepals, entire or notched, densely tomentose outside; stamens many, free, inserted on a glandular torus; gland densely villous on the margin; ovary superior, globose, hirsute, 2-4-celled, ovules 2-many; style subulate; stigma obscurely lobed, recurved. Fruit a drupe, globose to subglobose, reddish-purple, 2-lobed, sparsely hairy.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Morphology
Growth Form
Tree
Field Tips
Bark thick grey when young, dark brown on mature trees.
Flower
In axillary cymes, yellow. Flowers in April.
Fruit
A drupe, globose two-lobed, slightly hairy, red when ripe. Seeds 1-2. Fruiting throughout the year.
Leaf Apices
Sub acute
Leaf arrangement
Alternate distichous
Leaf Bases
Oblique
Leaf Margins
Crenate
Leaf Shapes
Ovate
Leaf Types
Simple
Habit
A medium sized tree.
Keystone Foundation
Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Miscellaneous Details
Wood is used for tool handles.
Keystone Foundation
Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Moist deciduous forests
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Deciduous forests
Common on hills 800-1000m. India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Tropical Africa.
Keystone Foundation
Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Description
Global Distribution
Tropical Africa, India to Indo-China
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: Palakkad, Idukki, Kasaragode, Kollam, Pathanamthitta, Malappuram, Kannur, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Wayanad, Kozhikkode, Ernakulam
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Global Distribution
India: Assam, Bengal, Bihar, Upper Gangetic Plain, Central India, Peninsular India
Indian Distribution
Assam
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Medicinal
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Fruits edible, also eaten by sambar and spotted deer. Elephants feed on the whole plant. Bark fibre is used to wash hair and helps to cool the body.
Keystone Foundation
Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- Grewia tiliifolia Vahl var. argentea Burrett, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem. 9: 659. 1926.
- Grewia tiliifolia Vahl var. leptopetala (Brandis) Cooke, Fl. Pres. Bombay 142. 1901.
- Grewia leptopetala Brandis, Indian Trees 100. 1906.
- Grewia tiliifolia Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 35. 1790; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 386. 1874, "tiliaefolia"; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 118(84). 1915; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 97. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 84. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 34. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 71. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 87. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 94. 1990; P. Daniel & M. Chandra. in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: 511. 1993; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 90. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 44. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 13,19. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 72. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 45. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 108. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 40. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 47. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 37. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 115. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 99. 2005; P. Daniel in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 493. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 171. 2009.
Information Listing > References
- Grewia tiliifolia Vahl var. argentea Burrett, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem. 9: 659. 1926.
- Grewia tiliifolia Vahl var. leptopetala (Brandis) Cooke, Fl. Pres. Bombay 142. 1901.
- Grewia leptopetala Brandis, Indian Trees 100. 1906.
- Grewia tiliifolia Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 35. 1790; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 386. 1874, "tiliaefolia"; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 118(84). 1915; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 97. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 84. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 34. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 71. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 87. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 94. 1990; P. Daniel & M. Chandra. in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: 511. 1993; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 90. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 44. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 13,19. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 72. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 45. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 108. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 40. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 47. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 37. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 115. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 99. 2005; P. Daniel in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 493. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 171. 2009.
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🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Equisetopsida C. Agardh |
Order | Malvales Juss. |
Family | Malvaceae Juss. |
Genus | Grewia |
Species | Grewia tiliifolia Vahl |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations