Unforgetting nature, urban beekeeping

Unforgetting nature Katla Mar铆ud贸ttir KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm. Spring 2013.

This is a project portfolio by Katla Maríudóttir, for the course Local Gathering and Caring Södermalm at the Critical Studies Architecture Studio at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. Spring 2013. Teachers: Katja Grillner, Sara Vall, Hélène Frichot

Contents: Unforgetting nature, project statement Research Boundaries and the physical mapping of the area History, identity, creation of meaning and other research topics The talking space: A Saturday in Rosenlundsparken The comic book On the friction between nature and urban, Urbanisation and its pressure zones Through the lense of fantasy The value of the “unused� space: Through five eyes of a small being But cities are not good places to raise bees, are they? The bees What about those bees? Extinction of experience CCD The queen, the workerbees and the drones Basic needs of an urban beehive The proposals Learning Caring Shifting values, redifining space

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Unforgetting nature Densification often produces a friction between nature and the urban context. This project asks how does city living as a dominant form of contemporary human settlement effect our standpoint towards nature and other lifeforms? This question becomes especially important when addressing apparently unused spaces and the risks associated with development. We need to ask, from whose point of view is an urban space perceived to be underused? This project looks at the site of an urban park, Rosenlundsparken, Sรถdermalm, Stockholm - a contested public space where a heated debate on building in the park is currently taking place. I want to address this site of concern through a different lens, through the five eyes of another being, the bee. Looking at this contested urban park context from the point of view of the bee, I propose that we can understand the site differently, and discover new value in the unused space, which is not so under-utilised after all. I offer some tools to commence the conversation between the two species, homo sapiens and the apis mellifera, on how to live together and respect each other. I propose that this living together and the securing of positive relations between humans and non-humans is what is essential to city-living today.

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intro: research 7 //

Gateways or accesses into Rosenlundsparken.

Barriers or boundaries around Rosenlundsparken.

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natural

urban

Roselnlundsparken, a split park.

Intro: research

Boundaries and the physical mapping of the place In the first period the studio went collaboratively through the research phase. Though always through modes of dialogue and collaboration, we divided the tasks of the research. My task was to take a look at the physical boundaries that define the area of Rosenlundsparken. Looking critically on how the environment shapes the way people behave in public spaces and trying to find clues in the built or the physical revealed some things about the park. We discovered that even though the area is open and free for everyone to use, some areas are programmed for a certain function that restrict access to. Some places require some sort of “entrance ticket”, e.g. a grownup could feel out of place in the childrens playground without a child, and lingering in the fenced dog area could feel strange

without a dog. Some areas have these kind “invitation only” feeling. So many things also steer the wandering of the visitor, e.g. steering objects like fences and softer steering objects like tactile difference between a pavement and the bare rock. Looking at the boundaries of the extended park, revealed that even though the map suggests that the area is open, there is a difference between the eastern side and the western side when it comes to gateways. The easternmost part is actually a - cul-desac, with direct access only from one gateway, being surrounded by high buildings as well as natural obstacles, like rocks, steep hill and vegetation.

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boundaries

apartmeht house

1

"adjust"

"andrum" "wild"

Zone 1 | Vattenpasset The easternmost part of Rosenlundsparken is the least used. Along the northern side a neat path with plants and sitting areas, winds along the apartmenthouse. It contrasts the rest of this zone, which seems less planned and has more obsticles that are of natural character, e.g. trees and bushes, steep hills and rocks. On a map the area seems to be open, but in fact it is a cul-de-sac area closed off with buildings, fences and trees. Users: (probably) inhabitants of the apartment house or the closer area.

"used needles"

"dogs"

"light" "nature"

"engage" "walk, commute"

Zone 2 | HotelHemmet gardens "play"

"promenade"

"sit" "children"

Rosenlundsparken, a split park

Closures, e.g. buildings, walls, fences, steep hills, dense trees/bushes

Accessibility, gateways into the park

1

The small “gardens” are fenced off recently to protect the property against external alcholics and drug users. According to footprints in the snow in numerous visits, these gardens are not much used at least in the winter time. According to staff at Hotelhemmet, they are though used on sunny days in the summertime. The garden is surrounded on all sides and the only way in is through a gate from the park side (not accessible from the building). Users: Only inhabitants.

"talk"

Looking at a place as an still observer rather than a traveller often reveals otherwise hidden things. Looking critically on how our environment shapes the way we behave in public spaces revealed some things I had not noticed before. I discovered that even though the area is open and free for everyone to use, some areas are not intended for me, they are programmed for a certain function that I do not have the access to, even though the physical access is open for me. I feel like I should not be in those places, or that I need a reason to be there, a “ticket”. I would feel strange hanging around the childrens playground since I do not have children. Staying in the fenced dog area would also be strange without a dog. Some areas have these kind "invitation only" feeling. So many things shape my wandering, steering objects like fences and softer steering objects like tactile difference between a pavement and the bare rock.

2

Hotelhem, transitional housing

elderly nursing home Hotelhem, transitional housing

3

Zone 3 | tHe Hill and tHe flat plot below

preschool

elderly nursing home

residential

The hill is in some places very steep and is partly covered with trees and bushes. A steep stairs climbs upwards and out of the park. The less steep parts of the hill are popular among kids to sledge, as well as for dogs and their owners to walk around. The hill has a natural character, seems unplanned. According to footsteps many parts of this zone seem not much used, most likely since it is so steep. Supposedly norcotics use some places there for injecting (the hospital gives needles). Users: Dogs and dogowners, children, teenagers.

Zone 4 | tHe presCHool

Hotelhem, transitional housing

The Kindergarten is on the boarder between the “wild side” and the busy walking street. It is fenced off and the garden stretches up the steep hill providing children with different terrain to play on/with. The building is planned to be demolished and the area used as a new building plot for apartment housing. Users: Stricly the children of the preschool, the people working there and parents.

4

5

2 3 4 5 6 7

residential

Zone 5 | beHind tHe roCks residential

playground

preschool

residential

6 8

residential

playground

Zone 7 | tHe “planned” park

7

playground

steep rock residential

residential

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8

Very popular park, especially for children and parents. It has many playgrounds for different ages. The area is surrounded with 6-8 storey apartment buildings and on the S-E side a steep rock, but still there are many gateways into the park. Many trees - from bushes to high trees. Part of the area is split down to smaller segments with fences hinting the specific functions, e.g. swings. The playgrounds feel free for everyone to walk through, but it feels as one should not stay too long if one is without children. Users: children, parents, the elderly, passersby from the larger area.

Zone 8 | tHe beaCH

residential

The poster about the physical attributes of the park as well as about the boundaries of the area.

Zone 6 | tHe “road” The walking path is very much used at all times of the days for walking and bicycling, in all seasons. The Statsbyggnadskontoret is now, according to the project leader, planning to “strengthen” it, by changing it into a car road or with some other means, causing a stir within various groups of inhabitants in the area. Users: Flaneurs, passersby of all age groups from the larger area.

residential

Axonometric of the park, showing an overview of all the zones.

This playground is hidden behind the rock slit. According to the people we have talked to, this is much less used than the other plagrounds, mostly by the inhabitants of the closest house. The area is surrounded by trees and rocks, and feels like a pocket. Users: children, parents.

Stranden, multi-use

residential

The beach is a ‘usable sculpture’ with sand, beach chairs and umbrellas. Trees shelter it from the street. It is supposedly popular in the summertime by a section of the neighbourhood. Users: Now in the wintertime people breafly sit down there. But in the summertime supposedly the cafe visitors use it in the daytime and youths/ teenagers in the evenings. It feels like it is open to everyone.

Panorama from the eastern part of the park, showing the view from the “hill”.

Categorized examples of boundaries in the park Boundaries: Closing to protect against danger Boundaries: Nature as closing elements Boundaries: Steering, eg fences Boundaries: Enclosing functions, open for ‘invited’ individuals or groups, otherwise closed Boundaries: Soft/tactile steering, steering without fences

Rough sketch of bounderies or functions

Panorama from the western part of the park, showing Linjalen and the closer connection between the residential buildings and the park, as well as the trees.

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CREATION OF MEANING

APPROPRIATION BY A VISITOR

through different modes of appropriation CONTESTED SPACE

TIME

Space is socially constructed. How does spatial meaning get constructed? How does the meaning establish itself? It is interesting to look at the cultural meaning of space not as if its a blank sheet were certain groups or subcultures manifest themselves, but rather as if all space are interconnected and interdependant. Within this global space different groups are creating meaning through the production of differences! Rosenlundsparken is a contested space! It`s an issue of who will have the the “power” of setting the agenda, who´s opinion matters the most, who will decide on the meaning of this space!. When the institutions of the State “gives” meaning it claims democratic connotations. It acts as the voice of the whole City, it is said to act upon the need of the “majority”. When citizens “gives” meaning to a place it is a true act of negotiation, an ongoing process that evolves over time.

Sometimes local residents acts through the programme. they used the programmes designated in the area. But sometimes they act through the “nonprogramme” modes. They explore new possibilities of the spaces. The modes of action change and an important asset here is time. The longer you have lived here, the easier it seems to try things outside the programmes. So modes change according to the need. The homeless have no entry, no mode - neither time or access to programmed areas.. Dogs and children are very important in this park. You need a dog or a child to really feel welcome to the bigger parts of the programmed areas. So people gets access through another person/being!

legend

AN EXPERIMENT Let´s take a walk i the park! You can bring your camera and take photos. We can play a game of “följa John”. You lead and I follow. You take pictures of the park and I take pictures of you. Go wherever you want and stop whenever you want to. Okey? Okey.

Observing

Meaning obtained by the State and Capital

Recognizing and understanding ritual

Participating in ritual

The local residents, and especially the people in Kvarteret Linjalen, have through their history of resistance and cooperation, through their negotiation practices, created an symbolic space that is part of the feeling of “us” and identity.

Appropriating space

Creating meaning

Unprogramed areas

who sets the tone?

WALK, PLAY AND THINK

Observing

Meaning obtained by contested character of space

Not recognizing or understanding ritual

We have seen that there are many groups around the park whos voices are not heard in the debate. The people living in Hotellhem, elderly in nursing homes, students and homeless living in the underground garage. The local engagement are really strong but bound to certain groups. These groups are showing some fears that the debate put out in the open. There is the fear of gentrification which is perceived as possible scenario if the City planners hav “their way”. There is also the fear of the unknown drug addicts. people they dont meet to often but see from a distance when there is trubble with the police.

Acting on unsecure ground

Appropriating space

Creating meaning

“We”, “us”, according to people living in Kvarteret Linjalen

Unprogrammed areas

Feara of gentricifation, the other “them”.

Visual appropriation easy

“Them”. Unknown people eith trubble. Almost as outcasts.

Visual appropriation hard

The possible “us”. People that sometimes becomes part of collective identity, sometimes not.

a

identity building

identity according to people living in Kvarteret Linjalen

Programmed areas

Outside areas that seams to belong to inside activity, people.

Programed areas

The use of internet creates another imagined space, seemingly altering the importance of physical space. But while space as an concept seems to become more deterritorialize Rosenlundsparken is an example of how physical space is involved in creating meaning and identity.

Time is the most important concept here. The appropriation of space are connected to memory and history over a long period of time of nearly 50 years. “I haven´t lived here for such a long time”, one mman told me. “Just like ten years or so”!

use of modes

or Albins walk in the Park

MODES OF APPROPRIATION

The meaning of a space varies over time. People coming and going, groups emerging and disuniting all struggling to appropriate the space. The physical meaning of space, it´s potential to become and encompass the function desired - is only one apsect of it. Sometimes the loss of space creates an imagined alternative space with increadibly strong significance. An example is the Jewish and Palestinian Diaspora and the dream of Homeland.

The place of construction of “us”. b

a

Empowering experience. The construction of an “own” space has become physical reality with the construction of the park.

c

b c

Aquired meaning over time. Durabiltity of memory?

Memory My mother gave me a toolkit and toghether with my friends we used it to build our own tree house! It was so beautiful and we felt like kings up there! Then the janitor saw it at made us take it down..It was still nice though!

Today

THE PARK

The day i moved in here I had forgotten my gloves and my hands were stiff from the cold. I remember looking out from the window and looking up at the birds in the sky. I was amazed that I could see the sky in the middle of the city!

Day care with children playing and eating and sleeping. The steep hill is a fine place to play in. And then there is the whole park.

We had really fun one summer when we shoot paintball against the strange cement tunnel that hides in the middle of the park. We used to sneek out eh equipment so that nobody could see what we were doing.

In the summer nights this is one of the few places were we can go and be by ourselves. Away from curious parents. Its a perfect place were we can kiss!

I taught my daughter to ski here! It was perfect training for her before we went to skiing vacation.

The dog owners are the people that uses the park most. They are a network of people across the neighbourhood. They have “gangs” according to the age of the dog and the kind. I was only 2,5 years old and had somehow gotten lost in the area. An elderly couple found me on this road and took me home.

The city want´s to build a road here!

Rosenlunds sjukhus. People come and go. How many of the are out in the park? The hospital turns it´s back against the park and there are not so many windows overlooking the park.

The hill is really nice for a walk with the dog! It´s like being out in nature and not many others go here.

I love sun bathing here in the summer! It´s a bitless crowded the the other side and you can get shade from the trees.

Transitional home. A nice mixe of students and drug addicts comin clean. A lot of community spirit but also the hardships of being outcast and trying to get in. Not so many of them out in the park. They are silent in the discussion. sometimes referred to as “them” by the people living in Kvarteret Linjalen. But some people think it is a good thing that they are living here.

Elderly people live in this nursing home. They are sensitive to changes and disturbing sound. The people working here are afraid that recent plannes to move the elderly to the next house will become too big a strain on some of them. They are not out in the park that much.

Places where he stopped for a longer time

Where he walked

PICTURE S THAT ALBIN TOOK

We have picnics here every summer! We even had my sons birthday party here. it felt really nice. There are of course many oothers that does the same.

The memory of the parking lot that used to be here. Before the engaged locals demanded a park for their children to play in. The fear of accidents when children run across the street.

This is a childrens park! playgrounds and children areas all over. It is a safe place beacuse there are not much car traffic around here. Children of all ages play here.

T h e s u n c h a i s w o n t h e S i e n n a a w a r d . In the summer days there are people drinking coffe and sunbathing here. You can buy a coffe in the café across the street. In the evenings and nights there are a lot of youths here. it becomes their hangabout.

Bagel café. A symbol of gentrification. S t y l e d c a f é i n t e r i o r. Fu l l o f p e o p l e .

Creation of meaning, through different modes of appropriation.

Appropriation by a visitor, or Albin’s walk in the park.

ABOUT CHILDREN ABOUT WILDERNESS

“ Söder är den stadsdel i Stockholms innerstad där det finns minst parkyta per innevånare. Det är inte bra för stadsdelan att bli ännu mer förtätad, även om vi behöver fler bostäder. I natt har jag fyllt i enkäten, som det tals om på denna sida. Jag ser hur vi som barnfamilj har utnyttjat absolut hela parken genom alla år. Rebecka är 13 år nu och kommer gå på Unga Örnars verksamhet för ungdommar i Skånegläntan under hösten. Platsen har är ju kanppast för stor. Snarare för liten. “

“

På våren kan man plocka stora mängder späda nässlor i “vildmarken” och laga Nässelsoppa Med Hårdkokta Ägghalvor.......... “

“

I dag hittade jag en blomma nedanför trappan till Tideliusgatan som jag inte kände igen. Det var Rödmalvan (den andra malvan känner jag igen). Lite kul att det finns många olika slags växter i den otuktade delen av parken. “

“ Jag går varje dag med min son från Magnus Ladulåsgatan, där dagis ligger via Rosenlundsparken för lek för att sen hamna hemma på Grindsgatnan. Helt otänkbart att det ska bli en genväg för bil trafik enom vår park!! Hur svårt är det att ratta sin bil från Swedenborggsg. eller ladulås till ringvägen!!! Inte OK! Hopas innerligt att detta inte kommer att bli en del i stadspanen.

“

Glåmigt område? Knappast - det är såna här områden som behövs. Nämligen just för barn och ungdomar som tycker att den här typen av områden är spännande istället för ett av arkitekter och stadsplanerare sönderpillat och tillrättalagt och inrutat ställe. “

ROSENLUNDSPARKEN STORIES

“

“

Helt sjukt. En klassiker, låt allt förfalla så blir det inga proteststormar när man asfalterar och bygger igen hela sk-ten. Blir så provocerad. Tänk av extremt välanvänt detta område skulle vara om det sköttes. Jag och min dotter tar turer ibland i “vildmarken”, och jag ser sån potential. En liten gångstig längs med kullarna bort till bakom Rosenlunds sjukhus tex. Underbar natur! Massor med blommande växter i somras. Men svårtillgängligt. Lite parkskötsel så skulle stockholmarna vallfärda, och hålla det för viktigt område. “

“ Ja det är viktigt att komma ihåg att man tänker riva ett föredöme bland förskolor på söder med egen trädgård, kuperad mark, fruktträd som skuggar mot solen, ingen trafik i närheten. Varför inte använda marken till att bygga fler förskoleplatser, som det är sån brist på, i en miljö som redan är anpassad efter barn. Parken skulle kunna rustas upp. “ “

Stryk alla planer på butiker och cafén. Det kommer inte fungera. Det här är ett område vi bor i och umgås i. Där våra barn i trygghet utan bilar kan leka och utvecklas! Området i och omkring parken är idag unikt för sin bilfrihet. Barn kan redan i tidig ålder gå själva mellan hemmagården och parken utan att riskera att bli överkörda. “

“

Jag har svarat nu, och jag skrev sanningsenligt om hur mycket jag uppskattar de olika parkdelarna, även den del som är lite mer vildvuxen. Jag och min dotter strövar runt där ibland och det är helt underbart att få ha ett vilt naturområde så nära inpå sig och kunna klättra runt bland små bergsknallar och säga hej till alla de olika växtarterna som finns där. Åhhh att det ska vara hotat! :( Skrev också om att just det bilfria är så viktigt, och en anledning till att jag så ofta promenerar på vägarna inuti området. För att slippa gå på Magnus Ladulåsgatan tex. “

“ Många av förskolorna har inte egna gårdar och använder den vildvuxna delen som lekplats. Små barn kan inte resa för att komma ut till en lekplats, och de kan inte vara inne hela dagarna. Vart ska förskolebarnen vara? “

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“ En av anledingarna att den delen av parken för vissa kan uppfattas som mindre attraktiv är för att denär dåligt upplyst och eftersatt. Sly har ej rensats på vad jag bara kan gissa är flera år mm. Om ett område tillåts förfalla, skräpas ner osv får det är sämre status. Den statusen är lätt att höja genom att se efter området bättre. Inte bygga bort det. “ “ Jag tror det var 1984 (rätta mej om jag har fel) som vi i Linjalen

och andra runt omkring stoppade planerna på att riva förskolan och bygga i backen. Dagens planer med bilgata är orimlig. “

ABOUT FOOTBALL AND DOGWALKING

“ 1988 stoppades planerna på att riva förskolan och bygget i backen. Det enda som kom att byggas var Katarinagården på Tideliusgatan. “

“ Min dotter lärde sig åka skidor där förra vintern. Sätt lite ljus på fotbollsplanen så kommer tonåringarna o sparkar boll! “ “ Varför användes inte ett foto som visade den vackra trädgården i förskolan istället för husfasaden? Ni kunde även använt ett fotto på de vackra träden som är många meter höga eller på de barn som dagligen använder fotbollsplanen. “

“

Spelar lite fotboll på sommaren och jag brukar knata runt där med hunden. Skönt med ett område som inte är så “tuktat”, men nog går det att med enkla medel göra det lite atraktivare. “

“ För de boende i området är det inte alls en “ful” plats. Utan en

plats att gå med hund, åka pulka (om Bilvägen byggs är det slut med det), spela fotboll och promenera utan bilar. “

ABOUT THE TREES

“ Underbart - precis så är det! Var själv ute på “hundrastning” vid ett-tiden, frid o ro och det luktade som om vi var på landet...... “

“ Slutligen skulle jag vilja be er att bevara så många träd ni bara kan. Vi ser ut över de fantastiska träden i Rosenlundsparken från vår lägenhet i Linjalen. I er planskiss är många av de träden borta helt i onödan. Såga inte ner vackra skuggande träd som attraherar fåglar och ger syre för att skapa stora gräsmattor. Stora gräsmattor utan skugga är poänglösa. “

“

Jag har just “inventerat” västra rosenlundsparkens trädbestånd. Mats Lindroth, som skrivit “Tantolunden:scener ur en park” berättade vad träden heter och jag antecknade. Från en snabb och inte fullständig koll så hittade vi; alm, ask, balsampoppel, björk, fläder äkta, fläder falsk, hagtorn, hassel, hägg, körsbär, lönn, måbär, olvon, listan kan säkert göras längre, men det viktiga jag såg under vår vandring i denna naturpark var att vi borde vara rädda om unika miljöer i stadsbebyggelse. Hus och vägar kan man bygga var som helst, men existerande natur kan bara existera där den är. “

ABOUT WALKING IN THE PARK

“

Sent igår kväll var jag och handlade på den kvällsöppna mataffären på Folkungagatan. När jag gick därifrån med mina matkassar så var det minst sagt full fart i kvarteren med “mer kommersiellt och offentligt liv”. Människor stod och tjafsade med polisen utanför barer, bilar och motorcyklar gasade på som om de var på en racingbana,luften var tät av avgaser och “ljudbilden” var på en sådan hög nvå att man inte “hörde” vad man själv tänkte.......... Jag lyckades i alla fall komma ihåg att kolla både en o två gånger att bilisterna förstod att fotgängarna också hade grönt ljus innan jag korsade gatan - för man ska inte ta för givet att man lugnt kan kliva ut på övergångsstället när man har grönt.... När jag sedan vandrade genom Rosenlundsparken (vid 23.30 tiden, utan att känna mig rädd eller otrygg) så var luften frisk, jag kände doft från växter, hörde fåglar kvällskvittra och såg ungdomar antingen sittande i par och vänslas eller i grupper o “chilla”, “hänga” o prata. Min slutsats är att parken används precis som den är idag och faktiskt, kanske inte dygnet runt, men många timmar på dygnet av “olika typer av brukare”. Så vill jag att det ska fortsätta att vara. “

“ Efter en vecka i stugan sitter jag återigen på vår balkong och hajar till: de höga fina träden runt fotbollsplanen bakom dagiset är borta, 16 stubbar i gräset där det förr var en så fin dunge. Vet någon varför? Vad har hänt? “

“ Rosenlundsparken ska fungera som en del av Söders ”Gröna Lunga”. Idén propagerades en hel del för i samband med firandet av Söder 700 år (1988). Alla erbjöds då att köpa trädplantor som Parkförvaltningen sedan planterade i Rosenlundsparken och även annorstädes på Söder. De som själva finansierade ett eget träd fick även en namnbricka invid sitt träd. Tanken var att ju fler träd på Söder desto friskare luft produceras här. Fortfarande finns det kvar av de här träden i Rosenlundsparken. Däremot verkar det inte finnas kvar några politiker som idag kämpar för fler träd som kan producera friskare luft. Tvärt om vill man nu avverka allt fler träd för att få plats med hus och nya vägar så att fler bilar och bussar alltmer kan skita ner vår gemensamma luft. Fler bilar, bussar, hus och människor på en och samma platat yta kanske ger området en mer stadsmannamässig prägel och generar kortsiktigt mer pengar till politikerna men kostar mer än det smakar på längre sikt framförallt för oss som bor inom området i vår hälsa etc. Förresten hur många av oss inom området vill ha en mer stadsmannamässig prägel på området? “

“ Det där är mitt gamla dagis. Jag minns när jag var 2,5 år och

fick lust att gå hem över den här planerade bilvägen. Jag blev stoppad efter ca 20 meter av ett pensionärspar som råkade vara ute och promenera i parken mitt på dagen. Vilken tur att det var en gångväg och att det fanns äldre människor där som kunde hjälpa mig tillbaka. Det lär ju inte vara så många pensionärer som väljer en genväg för stressade taxibilar att spatsera på framför en lugn gångväg. “

“ Jag cyklade igenom parken igårkväll. Den del de ska bygga

bort gav mig känslan av att vara någon annanstans än mitt i stan. Det är inte ofta. Det susade i träden och raspandet från min gamla cykel var det enda som störde. Spelade in min cykeltur på telefonen. “

“ Att de tog bort den gata som tidigare fanns mellan Swqedenborgsgatan och Grindsgatan för att där istället lägga en park och parkväg verkar man nu ha glömt bort. “ “ Jag har svårt att förstå skälet till att dra en bilväg genom park-

en. Ska vi inte försöka minska innerstadbilism och låta de parker som finns vara kvar? Rosenlundsparken bildar ett fint sammanhängande stråk som är mkt uppskattat och använt av alla som bor på Tideliusgatan, Hallandsgatan, Magnus Ladulåsgatan och tvärgatorna frm till paren (Siargatan t ex) “

“ Att staden bygger igen varje gröna yta utan att det ifrågasätts

mot promenadvägen genom parken förbi dagiset Ask och Embla som en kälkbacke i gammal god stil. Lår barnen behålla sin park!! “

“ Ungarna åker pulka på vintern. “

kn a Te lig

Sluttningen ovanför förskolorna är en ovärderlig plats för pulkaåkning på vintrarna. Försök bevara den på något sätt. Om bilväg byggs kommer det att omöjliggöra pulkaåkning. “

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“ På vintrarna fungerar slänten ner från husen vid Tideliusgatan

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ABOUT SLEDDING

“ Det har åkts pulka och kälke där i decennier. Maken 78 är född i nödbostäderna som låg där på 30 talet. “

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är en sorglig utveckling. Vi är dock många som ifrågasätter detta och som framförallt protesterar mot att lägga en bilväg rätt igenom en park. Det är inte “bara en gångväg” som du skriver. Det är en liten plätt av staden där bilar inte kör, och det finns få riktiga skäl att bygga en bilväg där. Där barn kan gå, man kan cykla och där en vacker förskola med prunkande trädgård ligger. “

ABOUT THE LAWN

“ Den stora gräsmattan där så många idag har picnic och solar skulle förstöras helt av en trafikerad bilväg intill.“ “ Visst behövs det fler bostäder men ju fler vi blir desto viktigare

är parkerna för människors hälsa. Den här parken används till rekreation av många människor och djur i alla åldrar. Skolorna använder den som gymnastik- och idrottplats. Vi kan inte andas asfalt. De senaste tre åren har det byggts i en takt jag jag aldrig sett maken till. Bygg bostäder på gärdet istället. “

“ De går hit i långa rader till parken. Skolklasser som har gymnastiklektioner i parken och barngrupper från dagis och fritids. “

Rosenlundsparken stories.

CONTROVERSIES TIMELINE ROSENLUNDSPARKEN

ideology/ideas

IDEAS ON WHAT CITY TO BUILD key events

Söder 67

Parkplan and traffic seperation

”allmännyttan” has to make profit

Selling ”allmännyttan” is made easier

Start of discussion on selling parts of ”allmännyttan” in Sweden

ALMSTRIDEN

Allmännyttan has to make profit as a regualr company.

Right ving parties political power in Stockholm

JM

Constructor and developer.

stockholms hem As company and later also as developer.

Politicans Politiker (i stadsdelsnämden)

Users Park proposal

EXPLOTATION OFFICE Exploateringskontoret

CITY PLANNING OFFICE Stadsbyggnadskontoret

PARK ADMINISTRATION

Holger Blom

Parkförvaltningen

stockholms hem

SHIS

As landlord

Ögonmåttet is built, small one room apartments

Stiftelsen Hotellhem i Stockholm

LINJALEN Apartmentblock

Co-opt conversion try

When people move to Linjalen with their children they lack sufficient space for their children to play. They propose one change to the existing park and a new park plan instead of the park plan from Holger Blom and Parkförvaltningen. Their suggested change is to remove the car road and parking plot between the 1930s park

park users

Co-opt conversion try

Co-opt conversion try

A group of persons in Linjalen wants to convert the rental apratments to co-opts. No succes for them.

Housing block Linjalen is built

Okt 2008 The network “Rädda Linjalen” starts - their goal is to save Linjalen as rental apartments and stop the conversion.

A group of persons in Linjalen wants to convert the rental apratments to co-opts. No succes for them.

Users propose own park plan

engaged local citizens

power/actors

The group working with the park proposal, where Topsy is an active member, meets Holger Blom and Parkförvaltningen. They bring a model which shows their proposal. For example the benches in a circle surrounded by trees and a stone wall are one of their suggestions. Another is the artificial hills in the park.

Protests against

Protests against

and the 1970s park to become. After some protests and actions together with the children, physically stopping the cars with their bodies, the car road and parking plot is removed. For Parkförvaltningen to accept the park plan from the citizens it takes the big political explosion Almstriden.

buildingplans in the western end of the park

buildingplans in the western end of the park

More children and parents

Nature park

Decision to make western end of park to a nature park and Verktummen is built. Car road removed, playground instead Middel part of park planted

ROSENLUNDSPARKEN

place

Kindergarten built in the middle of the western end of park

Refurbishment of eastern side of park

Eastern end of park planted

Consultations with public (allmänheten) Special meetings with personal in Parkleken, Skånegläntans parent group and the organisation Södermalmsparkens vänner.

Sun lounger

May 2008 Inauguration of the chairs in the eastern end of the park.

time

Housinglack

situations

1930

1965

1970

1975

Vattenpasset 1969

1980

1988

Protests against building housing in the park.

The detailplan shows plans for general purpose, for example school, in the western part of the park. On one side of this is the kindergarten Ask & Embla built 1977.

1985

1990

1996

Protests against building housing in the park and a car road to the kindergarten.

1995

2000

2005

2010

Verktummen 1997

Controversies timeline of Rosenlundsparken.

History, identity, creation of meaning and other research topics The history of Rosenlundsparken, and the tension between the inhabitants and users of the area and those who take the decisions about the park (the government). We had conversations to both parties. The place has an interesting story about strong cooperation and resistance that has created a symbolic space that is part of the feeling of “us” and identity.1 We looked at the active digital discussion about the place that is ongoing on the Facebook site “Ingen bilväg genom Rosenlundsparken!” 2, 3 which is a Delibas D, Edqvist S, Kautsky M, & Maríudóttir K, (2013), Creation of meaning, through different modes of appropriation, Course: Local Gathering and Caring Södermalm, KTH Institute of Technology. 2 Ingen bilväg genom Rosenlundsparken! An open Facebook group. https://www.facebook.com/ groups/370898396303830/?fref=ts (Retrieved January-May, 2013) 3 Delibas D, Edqvist S, Kautsky M, & Maríudóttir K, (2013), Rosenlundsparken stories, Course: Local Gathering and Caring Södermalm, KTH Institute of Technology.

platform to gather the protesters against the car road that is planned to be built through the park. We looked at how a place achieves its meaning and value. One of the group did an experiment on how a visitor that has no prior knowledge about the place, recognizes and understands how the space is programmed or unprogrammed and how he/she responds to those programs and appropriates the space.4 We also attempted to look at the place through the eyes of the inhabitants, and how they understand the place.5

1

4 Delibas D, Edqvist S, Kautsky M, & Maríudóttir K, (2013), Appropriation by a visitor, or Albins walk in the Park, Course: Local Gathering and Caring Södermalm, KTH Institute of Technology. 5 Delibas D, Edqvist S, Kautsky M, & Maríudóttir K, (2013), Creation of meaning, through different modes of appropriation, Course: Local Gathering and Caring Södermalm, KTH Institute of Technology.

// 14

Pictures from our questionnare, filled with information from our interviewees.

The talking space; a Saturday in Rosenlundsparken In connection to our mapping project on Rosenlundsparken, we had an event there on a cold Saturday in March. We carefully chose a central spot in the park, where the path, that extends from Swedenborgsgatan (the one that Stadsbyggnadskontoret plans to change to a car/bus road) crosses the path that stretches along the eastern part of the park, next to Linjalen. We set up a table with a rose-patterned table cloth, brought hot water for tea and coffee, as well as cookies. We set up signs that read “Vad tycker du om parken?” (“What do you think about the park?”) and had prepared and printed an A4 document that had a map of the area on one side and five questions to open up the conversation with our interviewees. We hoped to fish for some thoughts about the city plans regarding the new housing project, as well as about the debated bus-road, and for some personal stories from the area. We were prepared to be there from 11-14, but expected to leave around 13, since it was a cold day, and from experience of some of the group members, it is hard to get people to stop

and answer questions. But very much to our surprise people were already waiting for us when we arrived at 11:00. There were so many people that stopped by, that we did not manage to talk to everyone. And when we packed our things around 14:00 and left the park shivering, a few persons literally ran after us and stopped us to share their thoughts and opinions with us. Even though we had many good conversations in this event, and recorded some stories, histories, memories, opinions, complaints and critique. But our main conclusion has to be this surprising attendance and the immense interest in participating in our small event. There is obviously a strong need and a strong will among the inhabitants in the area to participate in the planning processes. But the platform to allow for public participation seems to be painfully missing.

15 //

Pictures from our comic book, “Om Rosenlundsparken, Ett seriealbum om staden och parken.�

// 16

Pictures from the exhibition at Coffice, where we exhibited our comic book.

The comic book In order to gather all the information that we collected and to “digest” that pile of information, we then made a comic book about the park. In that comic book we showed a stereotypical image of the actors and how they engage (or do not engage) in the discussion about spacemaking, how decisions are made and put into action.6

at KTH, who had also researched the area at Rosenlundsparken. The comic book can be read (only in Swedish) online: www.issuu.com/katla_mar/docs/ om_rosenlundsparken-comic_book.pdf

The comic book was exhibited at Coffice, along with material from the students at Sustainable Urban Planning and Design 6 Delibas D, Edqvist S, Kautsky M, & Maríudóttir K, (2013), Om Rosenlundsparken. Ett seriealbum om staden och parken, Course: Local Gathering and Caring Södermalm, KTH Institute of Technology. http://issuu.com/katla_mar/docs/om_ rosenlundsparken-comic_book.pdf (Retrieved JanuaryMay 2013).

17 //

// 18

On the friction between nature and urban

Urbanisation and its pressure zones Urbanisation is a global phenomena, and since Stockholm is the fastest growing capitals in Western-Europe7 it is surely feeling the pressure and a housing crisis has been apparent for some time now. How far should cities like Stockholm go with the densification, should all “unused” areas of cities be used for 7 Stockholm fastest growing capital by 2030, (2013, April 23). Sveriges Radio. http://sverigesradio.se/ sida/artikel.aspx?programid=2054&artikel=5513380 (Retrieved May 15th 2013).

building construction, including the “green areas”? Especially those areas that are close to the city centre, since a denser city is a more sustainable one.

19 //

Linjalen gateway.

// 20

Through the lense of fantasy I participated in a weeklong course that was part of the Vertical Workshop week at KTH under the guidance of David Garcia of MAP Architects. The workshop aimed at creating one single image per group via collage of existing and created images. The sites to be chosen were extreme environments, free of choice, where nature or culture are at a threshold; a breaking point. I used the opportunity to take a look at Rosenlundsparken that our studio

had previously been researching, but through an intuitive way through fantasy. I sought to show the tension between the pressure to build and the pressure to protect the green lungs of the city. At a time of lack building areas, should a city use its parks and green spaces under building construction or are they too valuable? This exercise then set the tone for my design project.

21 //

the square-root of the number of species thought to exist on Earth (i.e., three thousand out of an estimated nine million species), or about 0.18% of the 1.7 million species that have been formally described and named.� 8

Tree of life, a diagram by David M. Hillis, Derrick Zwickl, and Robin Gutell, University of Texas. “The species were chosen based on their availability, but we attempted to include most of the major groups, sampled very roughly in proportion to the number of known species in each group (although many groups remain over- or under-represented). The number of species represented is approximately

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arnetti Meloe proscarabaeus Tenebrio molitor Dynastes granti Xanthopyga cacti Hydroscapha natans Copelatus chevrolati renovatus Suphis inflatus Oregus aereus Mecodema fulgidum Blethisa multipunctata aurata Elaphrus clairvillei Elaphrus californicus Systolosoma lateritium Trachypachus holmbergi Trachypachus gibbsii Notiophilus semiopacus Nebria hudsonica Leistus ferruginosus Opisthius richardsoni Cychrus italicus petersi catalinae ScaphinotusCarabus nemoralis Calosoma scrutator Pamborus guerinii Ceroglossus chilensis Psydrus piceus Omophron obliteratum Laccocenus ambiguus crassus Promecognathusolympica Gehringia pictulum Cymbionotum semelederi Cymbionotum striola Pachyteles Metrius contractus Cicindela sedecimpunctata Omus californicus hamatus Omoglymmius Clinidium calcaratum jennisoni Siagona europaea Siagona Carenum interruptum Scarites subterraneus atronitens Pasimachus aequinoctialis Pheropsophus Brachinus hirsutus armiger Brachinus aridus Morion brasiliensis Catapiesis sulciferus Cnemalobus n sp nr amplithora punctigera Loxandrus Cymindis Agonum extensicolle Amara apricaria Calybe laetula ruficauda Chlaenius cordicollis Discoderuss latipennis Tetragonoderu melanarius Pterostichus displosor Aptinus rufulus Pseudaptinuslecontei Galerita lecontei eydouxi Creobius relictum Broscosomarufithorax curtus Apotomus Amblytelus ax vulcans Mecyclothor picipennis Melisodera sphaericollis Dyschirius Clivina ferrea s falli Schizogeniuhilaris Batesiana tasmaniaeis Sloaneanaangusticoll Merizodus Zolus helmsi us planatus Diplochaet us laetulus Pericompslongicornis Patrobus californicus curtum Diplous Asaphidion carrianum levettei mexicanum Bembidion Bembidion us edwardsi pilicornis Amarotyp pilicornis foveata tus Loricera Loricera s mus complana s ovalipenni Antarctono MonolobuOliarces clara ysa carneaa Anisochr germanic Panorpa sylla erinaceia Archaeop mellonell Galleria la chobauti Mengenil melittae Stylopsvesparum Xenos vittatum Simulium smia rhampheis Amblabe es variipenn odi CulicoidDixella cornuta ra underwo s Eucoreth es albimanunis Anophel unctipen es psuedop hynchus nsis AnophelCulex tritaenior ambione chites Aedes punctor aegypti Toxorhyn us Aedes albopict i Aedesia shannon altissima Lutzomy oma ca vicina Nephrot Ornithoi capitata aster Ceratitis ila melanog s niger nii Drosoph Chrysop emerso ynus ladiella atus Blastoc es macrog acumin nis Allomyc myces commu nas joyonii Spizello Piromo limastix frontalis ae Neocallimastix Neocal um conferv ca ns Chytridi a californi Taphrin a macula Taphrin m tricolor carinii Caliciu us ocystis Pneum s japonic pombe romyce s cata compli saccha romyce saccha la irregularis Schizo Saitoel ta vitellina Schizo ta Neolec Neolec a letifera Taphrin nianari a robinso a wiesne ans Taphrin Taphrin a deform a bra Taphrin a populin Taphrina flavoru nis Taphrin a commu a ulmi TaphrinTaphrin a pruni Taphrin a nana Taphrinmirabilis na datae Taphrisubcorcarnea a a a pruni e Taphrin na virginic Taphrin lactuca i Taphri yces inouye 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8 Hillis DM, Zwickl D, and Gutell R (2003) Tree of Life. University of Texas. Retrieved May 29, 2013 from http:// www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/antisense/downloadfilestol.html

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Capreolia implexa Onikusa pristoides Griffithsia globulifera Gelidium vagum Gelidium americanum Gelidium serrulatum Gelidium sesquipedale Gelidium floridanum Gelidium latifolium Gelidium pusillum Thorea violacea Nothocladus nodosus Batrachospermum louisianae Batrachospermum virgato decaisn Batrachospermum macrosporum Psilosiphon scoparium Batrachospermum turfosum Batrachospermum helminthosum Batrachospermum gelatinosum Paralemanea catenata Lemanea fluviatilis Sirodotia huillensis Sirodotia suecica Tuomeya americana Batrachospermum boryanum oregonica Rhododraparnaldiapurpureum Rhodochorton Galaxaura marginata Nemalion helminthoides Camontagnea oxyclada floridula Rhodothamniella Halosaccion glandiforme Palmaria palmata Meiodiscus spetsbergensis Devaleraea ramentacea Rhodophysema elegans Audouinella tenue Audouinella hermannii Audouinella secundata Audouinella arcuata Audouinella amphiroae Audouinella daviesii Audouinella rhizoidea Audouinella caespitosa Audouinella endophytica dasyae Audouinella tetraspora Audouinella asparagopsis Audouinella proskaueri Audouinella pectinata Audouinella carriebowensis durum Rhodogorgon Sporolithon woelkerlingii Heydrichia parcum Clathromorphum compactum Clathromorphum caniculata ferox Mastophoropsis Leptophytum acervatum Leptophytumlenormandii Phymatolithon laevigatum Phymatolithon glaciale Lithothamnion tophiforme Lithothamnionerubescens Mesophyllum engelhartii Mesophyllum on patena Synarthrophytfragilissima Amphiroa aspergillum Lithothrixkotschyanum yendoi Lithophyllum Spongites n radiatum Metagoniolitho hon stelliferum hon chara Metagoniolit Metagoniolit roseum Haliptilon crassa Jania m sagittatum Cheilosporu Jania rubens elongata Corallina officinalis Corallinacalifornica m Bossiella tuberculosu oides Calliarthron cheilospori orbignianai Calliarthron Bossiella ia macmillani ia filicula Serraticard Arthrocard arum tis nostochine he gloeocystis Glaucocys a paradoxa Cyanoptyc Cyanophor oeba astronyxis Acantham oeba tubiashii 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Protists

The value of the “unused” space: Through the five eyes of a small being Trying to look at places and projects from a new angle or from a new perspective can be very fruitful in design projects. In our research the group ran into the concept of “unused space” a couple of times, as one of the descriptions about parts of the extended Rosenlundsparken, the Western end in particular. What does it mean when a space is unused? Who or what has the right to claim the space without regards to other things? Aren’t we but a single one of the 3-100 million species?9

seven recognised species. Honey bees represent only a small fraction of the approximately 20,000 known species of bees10. I particularly looked at the Apis family: the honeybee. We, homo sapiens, have been drawn to the sweet taste of honey for thousands of years and at some point we domesticated honeybees. In a wall painting in Egypt from around 2422 BCE workers are depicted blowing smoke into hives as they are removing honeycombs. So apiculture or beekeeping is not exactly a new trend.

I chose another species to look at the area, the honey bee. Honey bees, or the Apis family are a genus within contains a total of 44 subspecies within 9 Mora C, Tittensor DP, Adl S, Simpson AGB, Worm B (2011) How Many Species Are There on Earth and in the Ocean? PLoS Biol 9(8): e1001127. doi:10.1371/journal. pbio.1001127. (Retrieved May 12, 2013). (Quote: “Globally, our best approximation to the total number of species is based on the opinion of taxonomic experts, whose estimates range between 3 and 100 million species”.)

10 Honey bee. (2013, May 12). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Honey_bee&oldid=555201312 (Retrieved May 12, 2013).

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CCD / Co

Honeybees

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CCD is prob researches one of the p sistant in irr

In April 201 certain pest and by the of several n

And why sh tag on this tween 50-1 agricultural "If the bee disappeared off the surface of the globe, man would have only four years to live" - Einstein

Wines, Michael (28 March 2013). "Mystery Malady Kills More Bees, Heightening Worry on Farms". New York Times. Retrieved 31 March 2013. Krupke, Christian H.; et al. (3 January 2012). "Multiple Routes of Pesticide Exposure for Honey Bees Living Near Agricultural Fields". In Smagghe, Guy. PLOS One 7 ( McDonald-Gibson, Charlotte (4/29/2013). "'Victory for bees' as European Union bans neonicotinoid pesticides blamed for destroying bee population". The Indep http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/silence-of-the-bees/impact-of-ccd-on-us-agriculture/37/

Bees are healthier in cities than in the countryside.

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But the cities are not a good place to raise bees, are they? Surprisingly, the industry has discovered that bees kept in urban areas are healthier and produce better honey. In rural areas, bees are victims of the disappearance of wild flowers, caused by excessive monoculture and the misuse of pesticides.11, 12 11 Krupke, CH. (2012, January 3). Multiple Routes of Pesticide Exposure for Honey Bees Living Near Agricultural Fields (Abstract). In Smagghe, Guy. PLOS One 7 (1): e29268. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.002926 (Retrieved May 5, 2013). 12 McDonald-Gibson, C (2013, April 29). “’Victory for bees’ as European Union bans neonicotinoid pesticides blamed for destroying bee population”. The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/ environment/nature/victory-for-bees-as-european-unionbans-neonicotinoid-pesticides-blamed-for-destroyingbee-population-8595408.html (Retrieved May 5, 2013).

More and more beekeepers are moving their hives to city gardens and parks. Fewer pesticides and a greater biodiversity are helping bee colonies to thrive there.13 And actually there are many urban beehives in Stockholm.

13 Tanguy M (2010, June 23). Can cities save our bees? The alarming decline in the number of bees is well known, but their salvation could come from an unlikely area. The Guardian. http://www.guardian. co.uk/commentisfree/2010/jun/23/can-cities-savebees (Retrieved May 12, 2013).

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the bees 27 //

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Queen

Worker bee

Drone

What about those bees? We people have known about the sweet taste of honey for thousands ofyears and at some point we domesticated honeybees. In a wall painting in Egypt from around 2422 BCE workers are depicted blowing smoke into hives as they are removing honeycombs. So apiculture or beekeeping is not exactly a new trend. There are around 20.000 types of wild bees. Some species are solitary (e.g. mason bees) and some live in small colonies, (e.g., bumblebees). In beekeeping the social species of honey bees that produce honey in large amounts has been domesticated. In Europe and America the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most popular among beekeepers - and that species has several sub-species or regional varieties, such as the Italian bee (Apis mellifera ligustica), European dark bee (Apis mellifera mellifera), and the Carniolan honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica). In the tropics, other species of social bee are managed for honey production, including Apis cerana.14 14 Beekeeping. (2013, May 15). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Beekeeping&oldid=555216656. (Retrieved May 15, 2013).

Honey bees produce create honey from flower nectar and also create the hexagon shaped honeycomb-wax to store both the honey and the cells where new members of the colony are raised. The honey is produced and stored for the colony to survive the winter months, since the queen continues laying worker bee eggs during that time, and the colony therefore does not hibernate like bumblebees do, where only the queen waits off the winter. Honey bees pollinate about 100 flowering food crops including apples, nuts, broccoli, avocados, soybeans, asparagus, celery, squash and cucumbers, citrus fruit, peaches, kiwi, cherries, blueberries, cranberries, strawberries, cantaloupe, melons, as well as animal-feed crops, such as the clover that’s fed to dairy cows. One third of our food is pollinated by bees.15, 16

15 Beekeeping. (2013, May 15). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Beekeeping&oldid=555216656 (Retrieved May 15, 2013). 16 Silence of the Bees. Impact of CCD on US Agriculture. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). http:// www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/silence-of-thebees/impact-of-ccd-on-us-agriculture/37/ (Retrieved May 11, 2013).

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"If the bee disappeared off the surface of the globe, man would have only four years to live" - Einstein

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Extinction of experience “Biodiversity loss is a matter of great concern among conservation scientists, but the wherewithal to reverse this trend is generally lacking. One reason is that nearly half of the world’s people live in urban areas and are increasingly disconnected from nature. If there is to be broad-based public support for biodiversity conservation, the places where people live and work should be designed so as to provide opportunities for meaningful interactions with the natural world. Doing so has the potential not only to engender support for protecting native species, but also to enhance human well-being. Accomplishing these goals will necessitate conservation scientists forging new collaborations with design professionals, health practitioners and social scientists, as well as encouraging the participation of the general public.”17 Urban beekeeping a central area as popular as Rosenlundsparken could help fight ignorance about the other lifeforms, at least the one of bees, and therefore help fight extinction of experience.

17 Miller JR (2005). Biodiversity conservation and the extinction of experience.(Abstract). Trends Ecol Evol. 2005 Aug;20(8):430-4. Epub 2005 Jun 13. Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management and Department of Landscape Architecture, Iowa State University. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/16701413 (Retrieved May 15, 2013).

CCD There has been a dramatic decline in numbers of feral bees for decades, but now the last decade there has been a dramatic reduction of the colonies maintained by beekeepers as well, with up to 30-70% colony deaths in the United States.18 CCD is probably compounded by a combination of factors, but many researches point to use of neonicotinoid pesticides in agriculture to be one of the primary causes. Those pesticide chemicals seem to be persistent in irrigation channels and in soil. Should we people care? To simplify things, there has been put a price tag on the importance of these hard working pollinators possible - the EU have stated that the bees contribute over €22 billion annually to European agriculture.19 And if Einstein was true when he stated: “If the bee disappeared off the surface of the globe, man would have only four years to live”20 - we have to address this problem of CCD, since honey bees and even other bee species seem to be disappearing fast. 18 Bee. (2013, May 12). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee (Retrieved May 12, 2013). 19 Jolly D (2013, April 29). Europe Bans Pesticides Thought Harmful to Bees, The New York Times. http:// www.nytimes.com/2013/04/30/business/global/30ihteubees30.html?_r=0 (Retrieved May 5, 2013). 20 Siegle L (2011). How can I help save our bees? The British bee is still in decline, but home hives may not be the answer. The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/ environment/2011/jul/03/lucy-siegle-british-bee-hive (Retrieved May 19, 2013).

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The queen Queen ♀ Only one per hive. Lives for 2-7 years. The queen is made from a regular worker bee egg, but fed on royal jelly and is raised in a larger brooding cell. When the virgin queen is fully developed, she will emerge from her cell and either fight her sisters to death or leave with a part of the population of the hive, a phenomenon called ‘swarming’. Then the virgin bee and her new colony set out to find a spot for a new hive. The virgin queen then starts her mating period. She flies out to mate with the 12-15 drones and stores around 6 million sperm from multiple drones in her spermatheca. She will selectively release sperm for the remaining 2–7 years of her life.

Swarming: When conditions are favorable for swarming, the queen will start laying eggs in queen cells. Overcrowding and congestion in the nest are factors which predispose colonies to swarm. The presence of an old queen and a mild winter also contribute to the development of the swarming impulse. A honey bee swarm has neither young nor food stores and will not exhibit defensive behavior unless unduly provoked.21 22

21 Queen bee. (2013, May 8). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Queen_bee&oldid=554064398 (Retrieved May 8, 2013), 22 Ellis M (2013). Honey Bee Swarms. Some useful information about an amazing phenomenon. Department of Entomology, University of NebraskaLincoln. http://entomology.unl.edu/beekpg/beeswarm. shtml (Retrieved May 8, 2013).

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The worker bee Worker bee ♀ 50.000-60.000 per hive Worker bees are hatched from fertilized eggs that the queen puts in a brooding cell. The queen controls how many eggs she fertilizes. The workers build, defend and maintain the hive, make and store honey, feed and take care of the larvae and the queen.

The tasks of the worker bee: • Honey sealing • Drone feeding • Attending the queen • Honeycomb building • Pollen packing • Propolizing • Carrying dead bees out of the hive • Fanning, ventilating and cooling • Water carrying • Foraging, scout bees (days 22–42) 23

23 Bee. (2013, May 1). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 8th, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Bee&oldid=553034875.

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The drones Drone ♂ 200-1.000 Lives for 90 days The drones sole function is to mate with virgin queens. The mating happens in air, usually 10-40 m above ground. The queen mates with 12-15 drones. They do not take care of themselves, but are fed by the worker bees.24

24 Bee. (2013, May 1). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 8th, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Bee&oldid=553034875.

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HONEY

1 kg honey

=

1 x hypothetical honeybee

+

2.000.000 nectar producing flowers

One honey bee produces one or two teaspoons of honey in its lifetime. To produce one kg of honey a bee would have to visit around 2 million One honey bee produces one or two teaspoons of honey in flowers and fly a distance that equals flying 4,4 its lifetime. To produce one kg of honey a bee would have to times around the world! (Reference: http://www. visit around 2 million flowers and fly a distance that equals honeycouncil.ca/chc_poundofhoney.php)

flying 4,4 times around the world!

Reference: http://www.honeycouncil.ca/chc_poundofhoney.php

Rosenlundsparken

Area covered by a foraging bee.

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+

176.000 km 4,4 times around the world

< 400 m

~3

2m

The basic physical needs of a beehive setting.

~32 m

Recommended beehive density in an urban setting.

Urban setting: <4 beehives per every 1.000m2

Basic needs of an urban beehive A beehive does not need so many things. It needs a sunny spot, since the bees are coldbooded and need the warmth of the sun. It needs a water source preferably within 400 m from the hive, and for urban beehives it is important to provide it from the start, since the bees will remember the position of it and keep to that one, even though the beekeeper might try to change it. Also, that will decrease the risk of thirsty bees seeking water from drinks and children playpools etc. The hive also needs shelter from winds. For an urban setting it is recommended to place up to four beehives for every 1.000m2.

Bees will usually forage within 2 km of the beehive, but if needed, they will go up to 8 km for food if needed. 25

25 Traynor J (2002). How Far Do Bees Fly? One Mile, Two, Seven? And Why? Beesource. Retrieved May 2nd, 2013, from http://www.beesource.com/point-of-view/ joe-traynor/how-far-do-bees-fly-one-mile-two-seven-andwhy/

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Proposals

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Mag

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채g

Redefining values

en

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Caring

Rin

tan

l책sga

adu nus L

Learning

Allhelgonakyrkan

Proposals

In our research phase of the project, we have come to understand Rosenlundsparken to be split into two parts. Roughly speaking, the popular one and the one with a natural character. Instead of making the project be about how to make the natural part popular, this project is about using the absence of homo sapiens in this particular place, namely for bees, as a way of giving back to other lifeforms

in the city, and undo a tiny fraction of what we have done to harm them. This collaborative living calls for three parts, and I have split the project into those three parts, “Learning”, “Caring” and the third one is “Redefining values”.

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Learning Understanding and knowledgeability is a crucial part of the project. The learning part of the project is situated in the popular part of the park, close to a much used walking path (that might or might not turn into a bus-road), so it is highly visual. It is comprised of a few play sculptures, and I have designed those three; an interactive screen, bench to tempt tired legs and a sound sculpture. In the interactive hexagon the curious can find information about the bees. A touchscreen and speakers that are built into a prefabricated unit made from yellow tinted concrete, it is polished and waxed to achieve a smooth matte surface. The intention

is that the learners may understand themselves being but a part of the Rosenlundsparken’s ecosystem. The benches are made of the same yellow tinted concrete prefabricated unit, polished and waxed. The seating part is made from wooden planks, polished and lacquered. The play-/sound sculpture has a hollow sound that magnifies the rain, hinting one should stay inside, like the bees do on rainy days. The frame is made from welded metal, and hammered thin brass plates are brazed onto the frame.

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Learning_ Interactive screen for outdoor use_ Scale 1:10_ // 46

EXTRA:

CCD / Colony Collapse Disorder

“If the bee disappeared off the surface of the globe, man would have only four years to live” - Einstein Honeybees are in trouble. In some areas of the world (e.g. North America, Belgium, France, Netherlands, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Germany, Ireland) up to 50% of honeybee colonies abruptly die or disappear. CCD is probably compounded by a combination of factors, but many researches point to

use of neonicotinoid pesticides in agriculture to be one of the primary causes. Those pesticide chemicals seem to be persistant in irrigation channels and soil. In April 2013 the European Union announced plans to restrict the use of certain pesticides to stop bee populations from declining further and by the end of the month passed legislation which banned the use of several neonicotinoids for the following two years.

Should we care? To simplify things, there has been put a price tag on this impending crisis. The loss is projected have somewhere between 50-100.000.000.000 SEK (8-15 billion US dollars) effect on America’s agricultural economy. § Wines, Michael (28 March 2013).

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Learning_ Benches_ Scale 1:10_ Benches intended for outdoor use. Yellow tinted concrete prefabricated unit, polished and waxed. Seating part is made from wooden planks, Learning_ polished and lacquered. Benches_ // 48 Scale 1:10_

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Learning_ Playsculpture_ // 50 Scale 1:10_

Redefining/appropriating space The last part is situated in the natural part of the park, the less popular one. There beehives will be put up, e.g. in collaboration with Bee Urban or similar companies that have the know how for taking care of larger scales of bee populations. In this area a total maximum of 20 beehives can be put up, preferably fewer. Also, it would help planting nectar bearing flowers in order to sustain the increased number of inhabitants in the area.

Learning_ Playsculpture_ Scale 1:10_ Playsculpture. The frame is made from welded metal, and hammered thin brass plates are brazed51 onto// the

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Caring Yellow tinted concrete prefabricated unit, polished and waxed. These units are spread around the park, positioned where the sun shines, and preferably in or close to flower beds with nectar bearing flowers. These units act as waypoints leading the way between the two different parts of Rosenlundsparken. The empty shelves are filled with branches, tree stubs, bricks and wooden planks that holes have been drilled

into, for the solitary bees and insects to settle in. They need to be maintained and taken care of, e.g. in collaboration with children of grade school or the kindergarten, to generate a mutual understanding between those lifeforms of different scales.

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Caring_ Solitary bee and insect home_ Scale 1:10_ // 54

Caring_ Solitary bee and insect home_ Scale 1:10_ Yellow tinted concrete prefabricated unit, polished and waxed. These units are spread around the park, positioned where the sun shines, and preferably in or close to flower beds with nectar bearing flowers. These units act as wayposts leading the way between the two different parts of Rosenlundsparken. The empty shelfs are filled with branches , treestubs, bricks and wooden planks that holes have been drilled into, for the solitary bees and insects to settle in. They need to bee maintained and taken care of, preferably in collaboration with children, so generate a mutual understanding between those lifeforms of different scales.

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Shifting values, redifining space The last part is situated in the natural part of the park, the less popular one. There beehives will be put up, e.g. in collaboration with Bee Urban or similar companies that have the know how for taking care of larger scales of bee populations. In this area a total maximum of 20 beehives can be put up, preferably fewer. Also, it would help planting nectar bearing flowers in order to sustain the increased number of inhabitants in the area.

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