International Journal of Botany and Research (IJBR) ISSN (P): 2277-4815; ISSN (E): 2319-4456 Vol. 7, Issue 4, Aug 2017, 41-54 Š TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.
ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA OF ACHANAKMAR-AMARKANTAK BIOSPHERE RESERVE, CENTRAL INDIA SHILPA VINODIA & A K DIXIT Department of Botany, Guru-Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India ABSTRACT A precise report is done in unexplored locales of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR), Central India, which has uncovered 442 taxa belonging to 345 genera under 109 families. Out of these recorded taxa, 238 are herbs, 49 climbers, 72 trees and 83 bushes species. Most frequent families are Fabaceae with 64 species, Asteraceae with 28 species, Lamiaceae with 22 species, Apocynaceae with 20 species and Acanthaceae with 19 species. Out of 442 taxa, 51 species are assessed as threatened, belonging to 46 genera and 28 families. Habenaria diphylla, Nervillia aragoana, Nervillia crociformis, Dendrobium herbaeceum and Acampe rigida of family Orchidaceae, Abrus precatorious var. alba (Fabaceae), Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae), Cleome rutidosperma, C. gynandra (Cleomaceae), and Cinnamomum tamala (Lauraceae) are accounted for surprisingly and gives update to the angiospermic floral database alongwith IUCN
Original Article
categories. KEYWORDS: Angiosperms, Flora, Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve & Threatened Taxa
Received: Jun 28, 2017; Accepted: Jul 18, 2017; Published: Jul 21, 2017; Paper Id: IJBRAUG20176
INTRODUCTION Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) is the 14th National Biosphere Reserve of India blow out from Maikal Hill Range to Vindhyan and Satpura hill range in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh state of Central India. It lies between 22015 to 20058 N and 81025 to 8205 E occupies 383551.0 hectare of Geographical area. The forest types are: Northern Indian Tropical moist Deciduous Forest (subtype- moist high level, moist low level and moist valley Sal) and Northern Indian Dry deciduous forest (subtype- Moist mixed deciduous and dry mixed deciduous).The major river originating from the buffer zone of AABR- Narmada river flows toward west, other two Johila and Sone rivers flow towards North. Indian Forest Act VII declared AABR as Reserve forest in 1878. Many tribal communities reside here and relied on forest produces for their livelihood. AABR is endowed with rich biodiversity with varied climate and support highly medicinal flora. But, in present scenario, it is observed that there has been a continuous decline in floristic pattern, influenced by anthropogenic activity like fire, technology and trade (McNeely, 1994). In India, information on medicinally important RET taxa is given by Jain (1983); Nair and Shastry (1988); Margules and Pressey (2000), Ahmedullah and Nayar (1986); Ghate and Vartak (1990); Vajravelu and Daniel (1983); Reid (1992); Oldfield et al. (1998), IUCN (2001, 2005), Chaudhary and Sarkar (2002), Das (2003); Burton (2003); Jain and Vairale (2007); Modi & Mathad (2016). Documentation of RET plants in Sindhuragiri hills, Southern Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu was done by Aadhan and Anand (2017), enumerated 45 RET Species, out of which 18 are rare, 11 endangered, 10 are vulnerable, 2 are critically endangered and 01 near threatened. In Central India, many contributions on plant diversity and their RET status have been carried out viz., Mujaffar et al.(2013) recorded some Angiospermic plants www.tjprc.org
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new to Central India. Ray and Sainkhediya (2014) reported 94 RET plants distributed in 45 families of which 25 are Vulnerable, 40 are Endangered and 18 are Critically Endangered in Nimar Region of Madhya Pradesh. Bharti (2015) enumerated 37 rare and endangered species form Shahdol (M.P). Tewari at al. (2014) investigated 15 threatened wild herbal medicinal species from Bilaspur district. Sinha (2013) reported some threatened plants, 62 as vulnerable, 27 as endangered, and 14 as critically endangered. ENVIS Centre on Conservation of Medicinal Plants reported 47 species as threatened. 1 species has been assigned critically endangered (CR) status, 05 species as Endangered (EN), 11 species as Vulnerable (VU) and 30 species as Near threatened (NT) (ENVIS,2010). Ahirwar and Sandya (2015) highlighted 33 threatened ethnomedicinal plant of 33 genera and 26 families used by tribal community of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR). From AABR, 1572 species of flora was identified by Anon (2007, 2008, 2010) including 511 flowering plants of medicinal values. Joshi et al., (2010) reported more than 1,111 species of Angiosperms from Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Out of which Twenty eight threatened species was reported as threatened (Ved, et al., 2003; Ved et al., 2006). Vinodia and Dixit (2017) reported a new terrestrial orchid H.diphylla from AABR. Literature suggested that previous publication of AABR contain some contradictory, confusing and old data, which needs an updated. An attempt has been made to update existing information along with new taxa and new locales with biosphere reserve.
MATERIAL AND METHODS Plants Specimens have been collected from ten localities of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (Fig. 1) between January 2014 – March 2017 in regular interval. Collected specimens were dried, poisoned and preserved using standard herbarium techniques (Jain and Rao, 1977). Voucher specimens are deposited in the Department of Botany, GuruGhasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh).
Figure 1: Map of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve Identification done with the help of regional Floras, Literature, viz. Hooker (1872-1897), Singh et al., (2001), Murthi and Panigrahi (1999); Verma et al., (1993); Mudgal et al. (1997), Khanna et. al., (2009).Status of each plant species have been assessed on the basis of IUCN criteria 2010 (Version, 8.1); (2010) and list of angiospermic flora has been prepared alphabetically (Table.1). Database of Threatened plants based on IUCN criteria (IUCN, 2010, Ver. 8.1) was
Impact Factor (JCC):3.8754
NAAS Rating: 4.08
Angiospermic Flora of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Central India
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categorized (Table. 2). The five criteria used to frame RET status are: A. declining population (past, present and/or projected).B. Geographic range size, and fragmentation, decline or fluctuations. C. Small population size and fragmentation, decline, or fluctuations. D. Very small population or very restricted distribution. E. Quantitative analysis.
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS A total of 442 angiosperm species have been identified on the basis of present investigation in AABR. These species are distributed in 109 families and 345 genera. 54 % of the total species are represented by herbs, whereas shrubs, trees and climbers are represented by 19%, 16% and 11 % respectively. In dicots, Fabaceae is the largest family represented by 64 species, followed by family Asteraceae with 28 species, while in monocots, Poaceae is the largest family represented by 15 species. Some medicinally and economically important plants encountered during field visit are Asparagus recemosus Willd. (Satavar), Buchanania lanzan Spreng. (Char), Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (Malkangini), Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. (Kali-musli), Gloriosa superba (Kalihari), Costus speciosus (Keokand)), Abrus precatorius (Gunchi), Nervillia aragoana, Clerodendrum serratum, Chlorophytum tuberosum, Habenaria digitata, Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Dankkanda) etc. Moreover, it is likewise watched that there has been a progressive decrease in the vegetation of Biosphere Reserve. Some intrusive species, for example, Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus, have additionally been experienced amid field visits, which influence the recovery and regeneration status of neighboring species. Beside this, abuse of woodland produces by local residents and aboriginal inhabitants creates irrelevant weight on timberland and makes insignificant stress on flora. In this specific situation, 51 threatened plants have been discovered in the investigation zone, out of which 33% are vulnerable, 43% are Endangered and 24% are critically endangered (Table.2).
CONCLUSIONS From present contemplate, it can be presumed that AABR is rich in botanical wealth and support medicinally and economically important threatened taxa. These important plants require uncommon consideration for their preservation in wild. On the other hand, to mitigate the increasing demands of traditional healers and future challenges, awareness programs should be conducted at local levels for sustainable utilization of threatened restorative plants. Present assessment provides an updated and specific floral diversity in AABR (Central India) yet certain regions remain unexplored. Some plants reported in earlier publications were not encountered during present survey may be due to climate change, habitat loss, introduction of invasive taxa, anthropogenic disturbances, soil erosion etc. Yet, some new taxa has likewise been accounted for interestingly for the first time viz., Habenaria diphylla, Nervillia aragoana, and Nervillia crociformis (Terrestrial orchids), Dendrobium herbaeceum and Acampe rigida (Epiphytic orchids) of family Orchidaceae, Abrus precatorious var. alba (Fabaceae), Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae), Cleome rutidosperma, Cleome. gynandra (Cleomaceae) and Cinnamomum tamala (Lauraceae) which gives an evidence for more conceivable outcomes of discovering fortunes of new taxa and numerous significant threatened species. Table 1: Angiospermic Flora of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve Plant species Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Abelmoschus ficulneus (L.) White & Arn. Ex Wight Abrus precatorius L. Abrus precatorius var. alba*
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Family Malvaceae Malvaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae
Habit Shrub Shrub Climber Climber
Wild/Cultivated W W W W
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Abutilon indicum indicum Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.)Willd. Acacia mearnsii De Wild. Acacia nilotica (L.)Delile Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib. Acalypha indica L. Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt.& Mc.Cann. Acampe rigida* Achyranthes aspera L. Adhatoda vasica Nees Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Brandis Aeginetia indica L. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Aegopodium podagraria Aerides multiflora Roxb. Aerva lanata (L) Juss. Ex. Schult Aeschynomene indica Sensee auct. Aeschynomene virginica Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Agertaum conyzoides L. Ailanthus excelsa Alangium salvifolium (L. F.) Wangerin Albizia lebbeck (L.)Benth. Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr. Allamanda carthica L. Alstonia scholaries (L.) R.Br. Alternanthera parynochoides A. St.-Hil. Alysicarpus sp. Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. Amaranthus hybridus L. Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. Amaranthus viridis L. Ammannia baccifera L. Ampelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Anagalis arvensis L. Andrographis echioides (L.) Nees. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. fil.) Nees Anisochilus carnosus (L.f.) Wall. Anisomeles indica (L.) Annona reticulata L. Annona squamosa L. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex. DC.) Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. Antigonon leptopus Hook & Arn Apluda sp. Ardisia humilis Blumea Argemone mexicana L. Argemone ochroleuca Sweet Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott Aristida adscensionis L. Aristolochia indica L. Arum maculatum L. Arundinella pumila (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Steud. Aspargus racemosus Willd Atrocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
Impact Factor (JCC):3.8754
Malvaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Euphorbiaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Amaranthaceae Acanthaceae Rubiaceae Orabanchaceae Rutaceae Apiaceae Orchidaceae Amaranthaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Simaroubaceae Cornaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Amaranthaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Lythraceae Vitaceae Primulaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Annonaceae Annonaceae Combretaceae Rubiaceae Polygonaceae Poaceae Myrsinaceae Papeveraceae Papaveraceae Araceae Poaceae Aristolochiaceae Araceae Poaceae Aspargaceae Moraceae
Herb Tree Shrub Tree Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Tree Herb Tree Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Herb Herb Climber Tree
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W C C C W W W W W W W W W W W W W C C W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
NAAS Rating: 4.08
Angiospermic Flora of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Central India
Bahuniia vahlii Wight & Arn. Barleria cristata L. Barleria prinoitis L. Basella alba L. Bauhinia acuminata L. Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. Bauhinia sp. Bauhinia variegata Linn. Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Shreff Bidens pilosa L. Bigonia picta Sm. Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. Bixa orellana L. Blainvillea acmella (L.) philipson Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth Blumea fistulosa (Roxb.) Kuntze Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Boerhavia erecta L. Bombax ceiba L. Borreria stricta (L.f.) DC. Brassica campestris L. Brugmansia suaveolens (Hemp. & Bonpl. Ex Willd)* Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken. Bupleurum ramosissimum W. & A. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Byttneria herbaceae Roxb. Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb. Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Aiston. Caesalpinia pulcherima var. flava Caesulia axillaris Roxb. Cajanus cajan (L.) Millep. Callistemon viminalis (Sol.ex Gaertn.) G.Don Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton Canna indica L. Capparis zeylanica L. Cardamine hirsuta L. Careya arborea Roxb. Carica papaya L. Casearia graveolens Dalzell Cassia alata L. Cassia fistula L. Cassia mimosoides Cassia occidentalis L. Cassia siamea Cassia tora L. Cassia uniflora Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin Celosia argentea L. Cenchrus cilliaris L. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Chenopodium album L. Chlorophytum tuberosum (Roxb) Baker Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob.
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Fabaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Basellaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Bigoniaceae Oxalidaceae Bixaceae Asteraceae Acanthaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Nyctaginaceae Bombacaceae Rubiaceae Brassicaceae Solanaceae Crassulaceae Apiaceae Fabaceae Malvaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Myrtaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Cannaceae Capparaceae Brassicaceae Lecythidaceae Caricaceae Salicaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Apocynaceae Rubiaceae Vitaceae Amaranthaceae Poaceae Apiaceae Amaranthaceae Aspargaceae Asteraceae
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Climber Herb Herb Herb Shrub Tree Tree Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Shrub Herb Tree Tree Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Climber Tree Shrub Shrub Herb Climber Herb Tree Shrub Tree Shrub Tree Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Tree Climber Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub
W W W W W W W W W W W W C W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W C W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
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Chrysanthemum indicum L. Cinnamomum tamala* Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Cissus quandrangularis L. Cissus subrhomboidea (Baker) Planch Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Cleistanthus collinus Cleome gynandra L.* Cleome rutidosperma DC.* Cleome viscosa L. Clerodendrum phlomoides Clerodendrum chinensis (Osbeck.)Mabb. Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon Synonym of Rotheca serrata (L.) Steane & Mabb. Clitoria ternatea L. Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Coldenia procumbens L Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Combretum roxburghii Sprengel. Commelina benghlensis L. Conscora alata (Roth) Wall. Conscora diffusa (Vahl)R. Br. Corchorus olitorius L. Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. Coriandrum sativum L. Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm. Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore Crinum herbertii Schreck Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees Crotolaria juncea L. Crotolaria pallida Aiton Croton sparsiflorus Morong Cryptolepis buchnani Roemer & Schultes Cryptostegia grandiflora (Roxb.) R. Br. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Curcuma caesia Roxb. Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Cyanodon dactylon (L.) Pers Cyanotis axillaris (L.) D.Don. Ex Sweet Cyanotis cristata (L.). D. Don. Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) Kuntze Cyperus difformis L. Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. Cyperus rotundus L. Dalbergia sisoo DC. Datura alba Nees. Datura metal L. Delonix regia (Hook.)Raf Dendrobium herbaceum Lindl.* Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. Desmodium pulchellum (L.) Benth. Desmodium triflorum (L.). DC. Desmodium velutinum (Willd.) Dc
Impact Factor (JCC):3.8754
Asteaceae Lauraceae Asteraceae Vitaceae Vitaceae Rutaceae Phyllanthaceae Cleomaceae Cleomaceae Cleomaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae
Herb Tree Herb Climber Climber Shrub Tree Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
Lamiaceae
Shrub
W
Fabaceae Cucurbitaceae Boraginaceae Araceae Combretaceae Commelinaceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Malvaceae Boraginaceae Apiaceae Costaceae Asteraceae Amaryllidaceae Acanthaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Euphorbiaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Hypoxidacae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Convolvulaceae Poaceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Asteraceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Fabaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Fabaceae Orchidaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae
Climber Climber Herb Herb Climber Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Climber Herb Herb Herb Climber Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Shrub Shrub Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb
W W W W W W W W W W C W W W C W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W C W W W W W
NAAS Rating: 4.08
Angiospermic Flora of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Central India
Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop Drosera burmannii Vahl. Duranta erecta L. Ecilipta prostrata (L.) Ehretia laevis Roxb. Elastostema cuneatum Wight Elephantopus scaber L. Emilia Sonchifolia (L.)Dc. Ex. Wight Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Janch Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. Eranthemum purpurascens Wight ex Nees Eriocaulon quinquangulare L. Eryngium foetidum L. Erythrina indica Lam. Eucalyptis globulus Labill. Euphorbia heterophylla L. Euphorbia hyperifolia L. Euphorbia hirta. Euphorbia microphylla Lam Euphorbia thymifolia L. Evolvolous alsinoides (L.)L. Evolvulus nummularius L. Exacum pendunculatum L. Ficus arnottiana (Miq.) Miq. Ficus benghalensis L. Ficus benjamina nuda (Miq.) Barrett Ficus mollis Vahl Ficus religiosa L. Flemingia semialata W.T. Aiton Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Gardenia gummifera L. F. Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Tronc. Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. Globba marantina L. Gloriosa superba L. Gnaphalium sp. Gompherina celosioides Mart. Gossypium hirsutum L. Grangea maderspatana (L.) Poir. Grewia rothii DC. Habenaria digitata Lindl. Habenaria diphylla (Ninumo) Dalzell* Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pav. Helicteres isora L. Hemidesmus Indicus (L.) R. Br. Hemigraphis laterbosa (Roth) Nees Heteropogon contortus(L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem & Schult Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz.
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Poaceae Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreaceae Ebenaceae Ebenaceae Asparagaceae Droseraceae Verbenaceae Asteraceae Ehretiaceae Urticaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Poaceae Poaceae Acanthaceae Eriocaulaceae Apiaceae Fabaceae Myrtaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Gentianaceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Fabaceae Asteraceae Rubiaceae Verbenaceae Fabaceae Zingiberaceae Colchicaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Malvaceae Asteraceae Tiliaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Zingiberaceae Heliconiaceae Malvaceae Apocynaceae Acanthaceae Poaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malpighiaceae
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Herb Climber Climber Tree Tree Herb Herb Shrub Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Herb Shrub Herb Shrub Herb Climber Herb Herb Shrub Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Climber Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub
W W W W W W W C W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W C W W W W C W W W W W C C W
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Holarrhena antidysentrica (Roxb. Ex Fleming) Wallich ex A. DC Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. V. Muell. Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. Hygrophilla auriculata (Schumach.)Heine Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit Ichnocarpus fructescens (L.) W.T. Aiton Impatiens balsamina L. Indigofera linnaei Ali. Indigofera tinctoria L. Iphigenia indica (L.) A. Gray ex Kunth Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal Ipomoea batata (L.) Lam Ipomoea cairica Sweet Ipomoea carnea Jace Ipomoea hederifolia L. Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker. Gawler Ipomoea quamoclit L. Ixora brachiata Roxb. Ixora chinensis Lam. Ixora coccinea L. Jatropha curcus L. Jatropha gossypifolia L. Jatropha podagrica Hook. Justicia simplex Lindau Kydia calycina Roxb. Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet Lagerstroemia indica L. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Lantana camara L. Lathyrus sativus L. Lawsonia inermis L. Leea asiatica (L.) Ridsdale Leersia hexandra Sw. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br. Lepidagathis cristata Willd. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link Leucas cephalotes (Roth) Spreng Leucas mollisima Wall. Ex. Benth. Linderbergia indica (L.) Vatke Lindernia ciliata (colsm.) Pennel. Liparis odorata (Wild.) Lindl. Ludwigia prostrata Roxb. Luffa aegyptiaca Mill. Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Madhuca indica J.F.Gmel. Magnolia champaca L. Malchara capitata (L.) L. Mallotus phillipensis (Lam.) Mull. Arg. Malvaviscus penduliforus (Moc. & Sesse) ex. Dc. Malvestrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke Mangifera indica L.
Impact Factor (JCC):3.8754
Apocynaceae
Shrub
W
Violaceae Apiaceae Acanthaceae Amaryllidaceae Lamiaceae Apocynaceae Balsaminaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Colchicaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Acanthaceae Malvaceae Fabaceae Lythraceae Lythraceae Anacardiaceae Verbenaceae Fabaceae Lythraceae Vitaceae Poaceae Lamiaceae Acanthaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Orabanchaceae Linderniaceae Orchidaceae Onagraceae Cucurbitaceae Solanaceae Sapotaceae Magnoliaceae Malvaceae Euphorbiaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Anacardiaceae
Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Climber Climber Shrub Climber Climber Climber Climber Tree Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Tree Climber Shrub Tree Tree Shrub Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Herb Tree Tree Herb Tree Shrub Herb Tree
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W C C W W C W W W W W W W W C W W W W W W W W W W W W C C W C W W W W W
NAAS Rating: 4.08
Angiospermic Flora of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Central India
Manihot esculenta Crantz. Martynia annua L. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Melanocenchris Jacque montii Jaub. & Spach. Melastoma malabathricum (L.) Smith Melia azedarach L. Melilotus alba Desr. Melochia corchorifolia L. Mentha viridis L. Merremia emarginata (Burm. fil.) Hall. fil. Merrimia dissecta (jacquinn) Hall. Fil Micromeria biflora (Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don.)Benth Milletia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi Mimosa pudica L. Mimosa rubicaulis Lam. Mimusops elengi L Mirabilus jalapa L. Mitragyna parviflora L. Mollugo pentaphylla L. Momordica charantia L. Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.)C.Press Moringa oleifera Lam. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC Mukia maderspatana (L.) M. Roem. Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenn Murraya paniculata (L.) Jacq. Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Nelumbo nucifera J. Gaertn Nerium oleander L. Nervillia crociformis (Zoll. & Moritzi) Seidenf* Nervillia aragoana Gaudich* Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntz Oberonia falconeri Hook. F. Ocimum basilicum L. Ocimum canum Sims Ocimum sanctum Linn. Olax scandens Roxb. Oldenlendia corymbosa L. Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen Oxalis corniculata L. Passiflora foetida L. Pavetta crassicaulis Bremek. Peltaforum pterocarpum Auct. non K. Heyne Pentanema indicum (L.) Pergularia daemia (Forssakal) Chior. Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk.) R.K. Brummitt Peristylus lawii Wight Phaulopsis dorsiflora Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Phyllanthus amarus Schumach & Thonn. Phyllanthus emblica L. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Phyllanthus urinaria L. Phyllanthus virgatus G. Forst. Physalis minima L. Piper betel L.
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Euphorbiaceae Martyniaceae Plantaginaceae Poaceae Melastomataceae Meliaceae Fabaceae Malvaceae Lamiaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Lamiaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Sapotaceae Nyctaginaceae Rubiaceae Molluginaceae Cucurbitaceae Pontederiaceae Moringaceae Fabaceae Cucurbitaceae Commelinaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Nelumbonaceae Apocynaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Menyanthaceae Orchidaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Olaceae Rubiaceae Fabaceae Oxalidaceae Passifloraceae Rubiaceae Fabaceae Asteraceae Apocynaceae Acanthaceae Orchidaceae Acanthaceae Palmaceae Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthaceae Solanaceae Piperaceae
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Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Shrub Tree Herb Herb Herb Climber Climber Herb Tree Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Tree Herb Climber Herb Tree Climber Climber Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Climber Shrub Tree Herb Climber Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Climber
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W C W C W W W W W W C W W W W W W W W W W W W W C W W W W W W W W W W W W C
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Shilpa Vinodia & A K Dixit
Pistia stratiotes L. Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.)Benth. Platanthera sussanne (L.) Plectranthus mollis (W.T.) Aiton) Spreng Plumbago zeylanica L. Plumeria obtusa L. Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm. F.) Kuntze Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) thwaites Polygonum glabrum Willd. Psidium guajava Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Punica granatum L. Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. Reinwardtia indica Dumort. Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blumea Ricinus communis L. Rivina humilis L. Rotala rosea (Poir) C. D.K. Cook Ruellia tuberosa L. Rumex crispus L. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Rungia repens (L.) Nees. Saccharum benghalense Sagittaria guayanensis H.B.K ssp. Lappula (D.Don) Bogin Salvia plebeia R. Br. Salvia splendens Sellow ex. Schult Sansevieria trifasicata prain Sapindus emarginatus Vahl. Sauromatum venosum (Aiton) Schott Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. Scorparia dulcis L. Scurrla parasiticus L. Securinega virosa (Roxb. Ex Willd.) Bail. Semicarpus anacardium Linn. Senna siamea (Lam.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby Sesamum indicum L. Setaria viridis (L.)P. Beauv. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Sida acuta Burm.f. Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Borss. Waalk Smilax anceps Willd. Solanum melongena L. Solanum nigrum L. Solanum torvum Sw. Solanum xanthocarpum Schard. & J. C. Wendle. Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) Spermococe ocymoides Burm. f. Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. Spinacia oleracea L. Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Sterculia urens Roxb. Strobilanthes auriculatus nees Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze
Impact Factor (JCC):3.8754
Araceae Fabaceae Orchidaceae Lamiaceae Plumbaginaceae Apocynaceae Lamiaceae Annonaceae Polygonaceae Myrtaceae Fabaceae Lythraceae Apocynaceae Linaceae Orchidaceae Euphorbiaceae Phytolaccaceae Lythraceae Acanthaceae Polygonaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Poaceae
Herb Tree Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub Tree Herb Tree Tree Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb
W C W W W C W C W C W C C W W W W W W W W W W
Alismataceae
Herb
W
Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Aspargaceae Sapindaceae Araceae Amaryllidaceae Plantaginaceae Loranthaceae Euphorbiaceae Anacardeaceae Fabaceae Pedaliaceae Poaceae Dipterocarpaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Smilacaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Meliaceae Rubiaceae Asteraceae Amaranthaceae Caryophyllaceae Malvaceae Acanthaceae Myrtaceae Apocynaceae Dioscoreaceae
Herb Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Tree Tree Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Climber Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb
W C W W W W W W W W C C W W W W W C W W W W W W C W W W W C W
NAAS Rating: 4.08
Angiospermic Flora of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Central India
Tagetes Patula L. Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk.) Aschers. ex Schweinf. Tamarindus indica L. Tamarix ericoides Rottl. ex Willd. Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. Ex Kunth Tectona grandis L.f. Tephroesia purpurea (L.) Pers. Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Terminalia catappa L. Terminalia chebula Retz. Terminallia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Themeda triandra Forssk. Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell & A. Gibson. Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. Thunbergia fragrans Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze. Tradescantia Pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt. Trichosanthes dicoa Roxb. Tridex procumbens L. Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Turnera ulmifolia L. Tylophora fasciculata Thwaites Typha angustifolia L. Typhonium sps. Uraria lagopodioides (L.) DC. Urena lobata L. Urena sinuata L. Utricularia bifida L. Utricularia reticulata Sm. Vallaris solanaceae (Roth) Kuntze. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex. G. Don. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Verbascum chinense (L.) Sant Vernonia cinerea Vernonia divergense (DC.)Edgew Vicia sativa L. Vigna radiate (L.) R. Wilczek Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich Viscum articulatum Burm. F. Vitex negundo L. Waltheria indica L. Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc Withania somnifera Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Wrightia tinctoria Rothii (G. Don) Ngan Xanthium strumarium L. Zephyranthes carinata Herb. Zephyranthes citrina Baker. Ziziphus mauritiana
Asteraceae Talinaceae Fabaceae Tamaricaceae Bignoniaceae Lamiaceae Fabaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Poaceae Malvaceae Apocynaceae Acanthaceae Poaceae Commelinaceae Cucurbitaceae Asteraceae Malvaceae Turneraceae Apocynaceae Typhaceae Araceae Fabaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Lentibulariaceae Lentibulariaceae Apocynaceae Orchidaceae Rhamnaceae Scrophulariaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Santalaceae Lamiaceae Malvaceae Asteraceae Apocynaceae Lythraceae Apocynaceae Asteraceae Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Rhamnaceae
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Herb Herb Tree Herb Shrub Tree Herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Shrub Shrub Climber Herb Herb Climber Herb Shrub Herb Climber Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Herb Climber Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Climber Herb Shrub Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Tree Shrub Herb Herb Shrub
C W W W C W W W W W W W W C W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W C C W
Table 2: List of Threatened Taxa of AABR S. No. 1 2 3 www.tjprc.org
Plant Species Abrus precatorius L. Abrus precatorius var. alba Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt.& Mc.Cann.
Family Fabaceae Fabaceae Orchidaceae
Criteria Based on A1 a, d A1 a, d B1 a b iv
Status EN CR EN editor@tjprc.org
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Shilpa Vinodia & A K Dixit
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Acampe rigida Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Brandis Aeginetia indica L. Aerides multiflora Roxb. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. fil.) Nees Annona reticulata L. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex. DC.) Aristolochia indica L. Aspargus racemosus Willd Bigonia picta Sm. Bixa orellana L. Brugmansia suaveolens (Hemp. & Bonpl. Ex Willd) Chlorophytum tuberosum (Roxb) Baker Cinnamomum tamala Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon. Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Curcuma caesia Roxb. Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham Dendrobium herbaceum Lindl. Drosera burmannii Vahl. Globba marantina L. Gloriosa superba L. Habenaria digitata Lindl. Habenaria diphylla (Ninumo) Dalzell Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig Helicteres isora L. Hemidesmus Indicus (L.) R. Br. Iphigenia indica (L.) A. Gray ex Kunth Liparis odorata (Wild.) Lindl. Madhuca indica J.F.Gmel. Martynia annua L. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC Nervillia aragoana Gaudich Nervillia crociformis (Zoll. & Moritzi) Seidenf Oberonia falconeri Hook. F. Peristylus lawii Wight Platanthera sussanne (L.) Plumbago zeylanica L. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. Semicarpus anacardium Linn. Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. Sterculia urens Roxb. Vitex negundo L. Withania somnifera
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
Orchidaceae Rubiaceae Orabanchaceae Orchidaceae Acanthaceae Annonaceae Combretaceae Aristolochiaceae Aspargaceae Bigoniaceae Bixaceae
B1 b iii, c i A2 a d A1 a e A2 a c A2 c d A1 c A1 a d B 1 b iv B2 c iii A1 d e A2 a, d
CR VU EN EN EN EN VU CR VU VU EN
Solanaceae
A2 a, e
CR
Aspargaceae Lauraceae Lamiaceae Boraginaceae Costaceae Hypoxidacae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Orchidaceae Droseraceae Zingiberaceae Colchicaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Zingiberaceae Malvaceae Apocynaceae Colchicaceae Orchidaceae Sapotaceae Martyniaceae Fabaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Plumbaginaceae Fabaceae Apocynaceae Anacardeaceae Meliaceae Asteraceae Malvaceae Lamiaceae Apocynaceae
A2 a d A2 a c B2 c iii A2 a c A2 a d A1 c d A2 c d A2 a c d B1aci B1 c iii A2 a d A1 c d A2 c e B 2 b iii A2 a,d A2 c,d A2 c,d A2 a, c, d A2 a, c A2 c,d A2 c,d A2 c,d B 2 b iii B2 c iii B1 b iii B1 a B1 c iii A2 c,d A2 c,d A2 c,d A2 c,d A2 c,d A2 c,d A1 a d A2 a d A1 a d
EN CR EN CR EN VU CR EN CR CR VU EN EN CR EN VU VU EN EN VU VU VU EN CR CR EN EN EN VU EN VU VU VU VU VU EN
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Impact Factor (JCC):3.8754
NAAS Rating: 4.08
Angiospermic Flora of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Central India 2.
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Ahirwar R. K. and Sandya K. (2015).Documentation of some threatened ethno-medicinal plants used by tribes of AchanakmarAmarkantak biosphere reserve, Central India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(8):804811.
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Shilpa Vinodia & A K Dixit 22. McNeely J. A. (1994). Protected area for the 21st century: Working to provide benefits to society. Biodiversity and Conservation, 3:390-405. 23. Modi, R. K. and Mathad, P. (2016). Floristic Diversity with Reference to Rare and Threatened Plants from the Forest of Yadgir District, Karnataka-India, International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2(4):524-531. 24. Mudgal V., Khanna K. K and Hajra P K. (1997). Flora of Madhya Pradesh, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. Vol. II. 25. Mujaffar S., Shukla S. K. and Mishra S. (2013). Some Angiospermic Plants New to Central India. Sci. Res. Rept., 3(2):102105. 26. Murti, S.K. and Panigrahi, G. (1999). Flora of Bilaspur Vol. II Botanical Survey of India, P-8, Brabourne Road, Kolkata. 396906. 27. Nayar M.P and Shastry A. R. K. (1988). Red Data Book of Indian Plants. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta. 28. Oldfield S, Lusty C. and MacKinven A.(1998). The World List of threatened Trees. World Conservation Press, Cambridge. 29. Ray S and Sainkhediya J. (2014). Rare and Threatened Plants of Nimar Region, MadhyaPradesh. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences.4 (4):235-243. 30. Reid, W.V. (1992). How many species will there be?, 55-73. In: Whilemore, T. & Sayer, J. (eds.). Tropical Deforestation and Species Extinction. Chapman and Hall, London. 31. Singh N.P., Khanna K.K., Mudgal D. and Dixit R.D. (2001). The flora of Madhya Pradesh Vol. III. Botanical Survey of India, P-8, Brabourne Road, Kolkata.587. 32. Sinha M. K. (2013).Threat assessment of Medicinal Plants of Koria district in Chhattisgarh (India).IOSR-Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences.5(2):79-86. 33. Tewari U., Bahadur A. N., Soni P., and Pandey S. (2014). Medicinal uses of some threatened species of wild herbal plants from Bilaspur District. Indian Journal of Science and Research, 4(1):64-69. 34. Vajravelu, E. and Daniel, P. (1983) In Rare, Threatened and Endemic Flowering Plants of South India – I, vol. 4, pp. 27. In: Jain, S. K. & Sastry, A. R. K. (eds). Plant Conservation Bulletin. 35. Ved D. K., Kinhal, G.A., Rathore, B.M.S., Ravikumar, K. Vijay Shankar, R. and Venkateshwaran. (2006).Threat assessment for prioritized medicinal plant species of Madhya Pradesh. Proceedings of workshop on Eco-regional assimilation for conservation action. A synthesis of eco-regional expertise in Medicinal plants taxation and distribution through a workshop held at Bhopal during 3rd to 7th of January 2006. M.P. Biodiversity Board, Beej Nigam Complex, Mother Teresa Marg Arera Hills, Bhopal and co-ordinated by FRLHT, Bangalore, Karnataka. 36. Ved, D. K., Kinhal, G.A., Ravikumar, K., Karnat, Mohan, Shankar V, R. and Venkateshwaran (2003). Threat assessment and management prioritization for the medicinal plants of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Proceedings of workshop on Ecoregional assimilation for conservation action. A synthesis of regional expertise in medicinal plants taxonomy and distribution through a workshop held at Bhopal during 23rd to 26th of July 2003. FRLHT, Bangalore, Karnataka. 37. Verma D. M., Balakrishnan N. P., and Dixit R.D. (1993) Flora of Madhya Pradesh, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. Vol.I. 38. Vinodia S. and Dixit A. K. (2017) Habenaria diphylla (Nimmo) Dalzell: A new additionto the orchid flora of Bilaspur district (Chhattisgarh), Central India Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India, Current Botany, 8: 60-65 doi: 10.19071/cb.2017.v8.3217
Impact Factor (JCC):3.8754
NAAS Rating: 4.08