Fig 1.
Woody species richness in the KLEE plots in 2011 (after 16 years of large herbivore exclusion).
Cattle had no significant effect on woody species richness, and each bar includes data from treatments with cattle and without cattle. “Wildlife” here refers to non-megaherbivore large herbivores (see Methods). Bars represent one standard error (three replicates). For the meaning of the treatment acronyms, see Methods.
Table 1.
List of the 15 woody plant species found only in KLEE plots protected from all large herbivores (treatment O) or plots accessible only to cattle (treatment C) in the 2011 survey, and therefore likely to disappear if large native herbivores are reintroduced (in order of abundance in protected plots).
Fig 2.
Damage by elephants to Acacia drepanolobium trees that had either a) been continuously exposed to native herbivores, or b) protected from elephant herbivory for 20 year before a break in the wildlife fence (Naïve). Bars represent one standard error. For the meaning of the treatment acronyms, see Methods. Bars not sharing a letter are significantly different.
Table 2.
Herbaceous plant species found only in surveys of all six plots protected from all native large herbivores (List A), or only in all 12 plots protected from only native mega-herbivores (List B).