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Systematics, distribution and conservation of Cascabela (Apocynaceae: Rauvolfioideae: Plumerieae) in Mexico

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Abstract

Cascabela is a Neotropical genus of Apocynaceae with six species: C. balsaensis, C. gaumeri, C. ovata, C. pinifolia, C. thevetia and C. thevetioides. Its taxonomic history has long been a subject of controversy, especially due to its circumscription as a genus closely related to Thevetia. In this work, we revised the taxonomy of Cascabela for Mexico and provide detailed descriptions and illustrations. We also applied species distribution models and geographical information tools to evaluate chorological aspects of the six species occurring in Mexico and provide a conservation category. According to our results, Cascabela has a typical tropical distribution within Mexico, and the Balsas basin was identified as an area of diversity and endemism for the genus. The species C. ovata and C. thevetia have the broadest distribution ranges, and we assigned them the category of least concern. We suggest that the restricted, endemic species C. balsaensis, C. pinifolia and C. thevetioides be considered for protection. The genus was corroborated as an element of deciduous forest, and its cultural importance is highlighted.

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Acknowledgements

The first author thanks CONACYT for a postdoctoral grant to carry out this work. We are thankful to the staff at the herbaria cited throughout the manuscript. We thank Lucio Lozada Pérez and Ernesto Velázquez Montes for their suggestions, which greatly improved this manuscript and Diego Alvarado C. for his help in compiling information on herbarium specimens into a database. Lynna M. Kiere reviewed the English version. We thank three anonymous reviewers, who improved previous version of the manuscript.

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  1. Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-282, 04510, Mexico, DF, Mexico

    Leonardo O. Alvarado-Cárdenas

  2. Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 70-233, CP 04510, Mexico, DF, Mexico

    José L. Villaseñor, Joselin Cadena & Enrique Ortiz

  3. Programa de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, 56230, Montecillo, Estado de México, Mexico

    Lauro López-Mata

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  1. Leonardo O. Alvarado-Cárdenas
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Correspondence to Leonardo O. Alvarado-Cárdenas.

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Alvarado-Cárdenas, L.O., Villaseñor, J.L., López-Mata, L. et al. Systematics, distribution and conservation of Cascabela (Apocynaceae: Rauvolfioideae: Plumerieae) in Mexico. Plant Syst Evol 303, 337–369 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1375-6

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