Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Two new genera of Podostemaceae from northern Central Laos: saltational evolution and enigmatic morphology

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Plant Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Podostemaceae, the river-weeds, are characterized by remarkable differences between species and genera, which resulted from saltational evolution. This paper presents additional cases of such two genera, which are described here from the Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area in northern Central Laos. Molecular phylogenetic data show that Ctenobryum mangkonense (gen. & sp. nov.) is sister to Hydrodiscus koyamae, while Laosia ramosa (gen. & sp. nov.) is isolated from all Asian genera of subfamily Podostemoideae. Ctenobryum mangkonense is distinct from Hydrodiscus koyamae in the crustose roots (versus rootless in the latter), scattered flowers on the root (versus alternate on the shoot), and pectinate bracts (versus simple, sheath-like). Laosia ramosa is distinct from all the genera in the columnar, endogenously branched axes and single style-stigma complex. The axis is an enigmatic organ with combined characteristics of root, stem and leaf, pending further study. Laos, together with Thailand, is a center of diversity of the Southeast and East Asian Podostemoideae. The three monotypic genera, i.e., Ctenobryum, Hydrodiscus and Laosia, occur in neighboring and closely similar aquatic habitats within the Area. The new taxa are formally described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bell AD (2008) Plant form. Timber Press, Portland

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook CDK, Rutishauser R (2007) Podostemaceae. In: Kubitzki K (ed) The families and genera of vascular plants, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, pp 304–344

    Google Scholar 

  • Cusset G, Cusset C (1988) Etudes sur les Podostemopsida. 11. Répartition et évolution des Tristichaceae. Bull Mus Nat Hist Natl Paris 4e sér 10 Sect B Adansonia 3:223–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahn A (1990) Plant anatomy, 4th edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiyama Y, Tsukamoto I, Imaichi R, Kato M (2002) Developmental anatomy and branching of roots of four Zeylanidium species (Podostemaceae), with implications for evolution of foliose roots. Ann Bot 90:735–744

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Imaichi R, Maeda R, Suzuki K, Kato M (2004) Developmental morphology of foliose shoots and seedlings of Dalzellia zeylanica (Podostemaceae) with special reference to their meristems. Bot J Linn Soc 144:289–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jernstedt JA, Cutter EG, Gifford EM, Lu P (1992) Angle meristem origin and development in Selaginella martensii. Ann Bot 69:351–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kato M (2004) Taxonomic study of Podostemaceae of Thailand 1. Hydrobryum and related genera with crustaceous roots (subfamily Podostemoideae). Acta Phytotax Geobot 55:133–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato M (2006a) Distribution and biogeography of Podostemaceae in Asia. Bull Natl Sci Mus Ser B (Bot) 32:19–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato M (2006b) Taxonomic study of Podostemaceae of Thailand 2. Subfamily Podostemoideae with ribbon-like roots and subfamily Tristichoideae. Acta Phytotax Geobot 57:1–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato M (2009) Podostemaceae of Malesia: taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography. Blumea 54:198–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kato M (2013) Podostemaceae of the world: the illustrated book of plant systematics in color. Hokuryukan, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato M (2016) Multidisciplinary studies of the diversity and evolution in river-weeds. J Plant Res 129:397–410

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kato M, Koi S (2009) Taxonomic studies of Podostemaceae of Thailand. 3. Six new and a rediscovered species. Gard Bull Singapore 61:55–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato M, Koi S (2018) Molecular phylogeny of Zeylanidium (Podostemaceae) showing a new cryptic species from Thailand. Acta Phytotax Geobot 69:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Kita Y, Kato M (2004) Molecular phylogeny of Cladopus and Hydrobryum (Podostemaceae, Podostemoideae) with implications for their biogeography in East Asia. Syst Bot 29:921–932

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koi S, Kato M (2003) Comparative developmental anatomy of the root in three species of Cladopus (Podostemaceae). Ann Bot 91:927–937

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Koi S, Kato M (2010) Developmental morphology of shoot and seedling and phylogenetic relationship of Diplobryum koyamae (Podostemaceae). Amer J Bot 97:373–387

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koi S, Kato M (2012) A taxonomic study of Podostemaceae subfamily Podostemoideae of Laos with phylogenetic analyses of Cladopus, Paracladopus and Polypleurum. Kew Bull 67:331–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koi S, Kato M (2015a) The taxonomy of Podostemaceae subfamily Tristichoideae in Laos, with descriptions of seven new species. Acta Phytotax Geobot 66:61–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Koi S, Kato M (2015b) Additions to Podostemaceae subfamily Podostemoideae of Laos. Acta Phytotax Geobot 66:181–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Koi S, Kato M (2019a) Two rare species of Hydrobryum from Laos (Podostemaceae). Kew Bull 73 (in press)

  • Koi S, Kato M (2019b) Three New Species of Hydrobryum (Podostemaceae) from Laos. Acta Phytotax Geobot (in press)

  • Koi S, Kita Y, Kato M (2008) Paracladopus chanthaburiensis, a new species of Podostemaceae from Thailand, with notes on its morphology, phylogeny and distribution. Taxon 57:201–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Koi S, Rutishauser R, Kato M (2009) Phylogenetic relationship and morphology of Dalzellia gracilis (Podostemaceae, subfamily Tristichoideae) with proposal of a new genus. Int J Plant Sci 170:237–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koi S, Kita Y, Hirayama Y, Rutishauser R, Huber KA, Kato M (2012a) Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Podostemaceae: Implications for taxonomy of major groups. Bot J Linn Soc 169:461–492

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koi S, Werukamkul P, Amporpan L, Kato M (2012b) Seedling development of Hanseniella, Hydrobryum and Thawatchaia (Podostemaceae) and implications on body plan evolution in the Hydrobryum clade. Plant Syst Evol 298:1755–1766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R, Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Higgins DG (2007) Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23:2947–2948

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maddison WP, Maddison DR (2017) Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 3.31. http://mesquiteproject.org

  • Mathew CJ, Satheesh VK (1997) Taxonomy and distribution of the Podostemaceae in Kerala, India. Aquat Bot 57:243–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller MA, Pfeiffer W, Schwartz T (2010) “Creating the CIPRES science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees” in Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), 14 Nov 2010, pp 1–8. New Orleans, LA

  • Nylander JAA (2004) Mrmodeltest 2.2. Computer program distributed by the author. Evol Biol Centre, Uppsala Univ, Uppsala

    Google Scholar 

  • Ota M, Imaichi R, Kato M (2001) Developmental morphology of the thalloid Hydrobryum japonicum (Podostemaceae). Amer J Bot 88:382–390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Posada D, Crandall KA (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinfomatics 14:817–818

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ronquist F, Teslenko M, van der Mark P, Ayres DL, Darling A, Höhna S, Larget B, Liu L, Suchard MA, Huelsenbeck JP (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference and Model Choice Across a Large Model Space. Syst Biol 61:539–542

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ruhfel BR, Bittrich V, Bove CP, Gustafsson MHG, Philbrick CT, Rutishauser R, Xi Z, Davis CC (2011) Phylogeny of the clusioid clade (Malpighiales): evidence from the plastid and mitochondrial genomes. Amer J Bot 98:306–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruhfel BR, Bove CP, Philbrick CT, Davis CC (2016) Dispersal largely explains the Gondwanan distribution of the ancient tropical clusioid plant clade. Amer J Bot 103:1117–1128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutishauser R (1995) Developmental patterns of leaves in Podostemaceae compared with more typical flowering plants: saltational evolution and fuzzy morphology. Can J Bot 73:1305–1317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutishauser R (1997) Structural and developmental diversity in Podostemaceae (river-weeds). Aquat Bot 57:29–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutishauser R (2016) Evolution of unusual morphologies in Lentibulariaceae (bladderworts and allies) and Podostemaceae (river-weeds): a pictorial report at the interface of developmental biology and morphological diversification. Ann Bot 117:811–832

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutishauser R, Huber KA (1991) The developmental morphology of Indotristicha ramosissima (Podostemaceae, Tristichoideae). Plant Syst Evol 178:195–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Stamatakis A (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30:1312–1313

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Steeves TA, Sussex IM (1989) Patterns in plant development, 2nd edn. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki K, Kita Y, Kato M (2002) Comparative developmental anatomy of seedling in nine species of Podostemaceae (subfamily Podostemoideae). Ann Bot 89:755–765

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • van Steenis CGGJ (1981) Rheophytes of the world. Sijthoff and Noordhoff, Alphen den Rijn

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Werukamkul P, Ampornpan L, Koi S, Kato M (2012) Taxonomic study of Podostemaceae in Loei province, northeastern Thailand. Acta Phytotax Geobot 63:11–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Werukamkul P, Ampornpan L, Kato M, Koi S (2016) New species and new records of Podostemaceae from Phitsanulok province, northern Thailand. Acta Phytotax Geobot 67:97–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Werukamkul P, Ampornpan L, Kato M, Koi S (2018) Additions to the Podostemaceae of Thailand with molecular phylogenetic relationships of Cladopus, Hydrobryum and Thawatchaia. Acta Phytotax Geobot 69:21–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis JC (1914) On the lack of adaptation in the Tristichaceae and Podostemaceae. Proc Roy Soc B 87:532–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank M. Nuraliev for providing information and images of Laosia ramosa, P. Werukamkul for help on the field trip, and Y. Hirayama for technical assistance for the phylogenetic analysis. This study was supported by KAKENHI Grant Number JP26870502 and the Osaka City University Strategic Research Grant 2017 for young researchers to SK.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botanical Gardens, Faculty of Science, Osaka City University, Katano, Osaka, 576-0004, Japan

    Satoshi Koi

  2. Department of Biological Science, Daegu University, Gyungsan, Gyungbuk, 38453, Korea

    Hyosig Won

  3. Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan

    Masahiro Kato

Authors
  1. Satoshi Koi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hyosig Won
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Masahiro Kato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Satoshi Koi.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 168 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Koi, S., Won, H. & Kato, M. Two new genera of Podostemaceae from northern Central Laos: saltational evolution and enigmatic morphology. J Plant Res 132, 19–31 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-018-01082-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-018-01082-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation