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Welwitschiella is a member of the African subtribe Grangeinae (Asteraceae Astereae): a new phylogenetic position based on ndhF and ITS sequence data

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Summary

The African genus Welwitschiella has traditionally been placed in tribe Heliantheae. Our phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast DNA ndhF sequence data, however, reveals that it is part of tribe Astereae. In order to assess the relationships of this genus within the tribe, we produced a phylogeny based on ITS (nrDNA) sequence data of a sample including Amellus, African Conyza, Chrysocoma, Felicia spp., Mairia, Poeciliopsis, Printzia, Welwitschiella and Zyrphelis. Both parsimony and Bayesian analyses were done. The Bayesian analysis showed that African genera form a basal grade in tribe Astereae along with the Chinese Nannoglottis and South American and New Zealand genera, with Printzia being the earliest diverging member of the tribe. Mairia occupies an isolated position. Amellus, Chrysocoma, Felicia, Poecilolepis and Zyrphelis belong to subtribe Homochrominae, a South African radiation that also includes the St Helena endemics Commidendron and Melanodendron. Pteronia appears isolated, though it might be close to the Homochrominae. Welwitschiella is placed in the latest diverging African clade, subtribe Grangeinae, which also includes Grangea, Psiadia, Nidorella, and the African Conyza species except C. gouani. This subtribe is sister to the Eurasiatic subtribe Bellidinae, and together they are sister to the Astereae crown lineages of Australasia-Asia and South and North America.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the curator of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle de Paris (P) for allowing us to use material of Welwitschiella, the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) for providing DNA extracts of South African species, Dr A. D. H. L. Huiske (Netherland Institute of Ecology) for seeds, and Dr J. C. Semple (University of Waterloo, Canada) for leaf samples. Laboratory work was carried by S. Selliah (Université Montréal) and J. Vaezi (U. Montréal) developed the ITS primers used in this study. Bayesian analyses were performed with the support of the Réseau québécois de calcul de haute performance, Université de Montréal. This work was made possible by grants from the Swedish Research Council (to A.A.) and from the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (to L.B.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St. E, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H1X 2B2

    Luc Brouillet

  2. Department of Phanerogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden

    Arne A. Anderberg

  3. Fort Worth, Texas, USA

    Guy L. Nesom

  4. Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    Timothy K. Lowrey

  5. Biological Sciences Dept. and LSU Herbarium, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Lowell E. Urbatsch

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  1. Luc Brouillet
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  5. Lowell E. Urbatsch
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luc Brouillet.

Appendix I.

Appendix I.

Taxa, source of published sequences or voucher information for sequences newly generated for this paper, and GenBank accession numbers for ITS sequences. Herbarium acronyms follow Holmgren & Holmgren (1998).

Taxon name

Source or voucher information

ITS accession number

Outgroups from GenBank

Achillea millefolium L.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046939

Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. ex C. B. Clarke

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046937

Anisopappus smutsii Hutch.

Eldenäs et al. 1998

U84768

Antennaria neglecta Greene

Bayer et al. 1996

L40793 + L40899

Artemisia bigelovii A.Gray

Kornkven et al. 1998

AF061385 + AF061385

Athanasia crithmifolia L.

Francisco-Ortega et al. 2001

AF155241 + AF155278

Blumea brevipes (Oliv. & Hiern) Wild

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046936

Calendula officinalis L.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046938

Cotula cinerea Delile

Guo et al. 2004 [not used]

AY603260

Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter

Eldenäs et al. 1998

U84773

Eriocephalus africanus L.

Watson et al. 2002

AY127675 + AY127676

Ewartia catipes (DC.) Beauverd

Bayer et al. 1996

L40931 + L40854

Leontopodium alpinum Cass.

Bayer et al. 1996

L40765 + L40855

Osteospermum fruticosum (L.) Norl.

Wagstaff & Bretwieser 2002

AF422131

Pentzia dentata Kuntze

Watson et al. 2002

AH011695

Sequences from GenBank

Achnophora tatei F. Muell.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497656

Amellus microglossus DC.

(Karaman-Castro and Urbatsch, 2009)

DQ478995

Amellus strigosus (Thunb.) Less.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046942

Amellus strigosus (Thunb.) Less.

Karaman-Castro & Urbatsch (2009)

DQ478996

Aster amellus L.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046961

Aster holophyllus Hemsl. [as Kalimeris integrifolia Turcz. ex DC.]

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046960

Baccharis dracunculifolia DC.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046958

Baccharis neglecta Britton

Morgan 1997

U97604

Bellidiastrum michelii Cass. [as Aster bellidiastrum (L.) Scop.]

Fiz et al. 2002

AF494011

Bellis perennis L.

Fiz et al. 2002

AF493996

Bellium bellidioides L.

Fiz et al. 2002

AF490466

Brachyscome heterodonta DC.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046955

Calotis dentex R. Br.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046956

Calotis cuneifolia R.Br.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497647

Camptacra barbata N. T. Burb.

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247070

Camptacra gracilis (Benth.) Lander

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247069

Celmisia mackaui Raoul

Wagstaff and Breitwieser, 2004

AF422115

Chiliotrichum diffusum (G. Forst.) Kuntze

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046945

Chrysocoma ciliata L.

Fiz et al. 2002

AF494000

Commidendron robustum (Roxb.) DC.

Eastwood et al. 2004

AY193792

Commidendron rotundifolium (Roxb.) DC.

Eastwood et al. 2004

AY193793

Commidendron rugosum (Dryand.) DC.

Eastwood et al. 2004

AY193791

Commidendron spurium (G. Forst.) DC.

Eastwood et al. 2004

AY193790

Conyza gouanii (L.) Willd.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046948

Conyza pyrrhopappa A. Rich.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046953

Crinitaria linosyris (L.) Less.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046949

Damnamenia vernicosa (Hook. f.) Given

Wagstaff and Breitwieser, 2004

AF422119

Diplostephium rupestre (H. B. K.) Wedd.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046962

Doellingeria umbellata (Miller) Nees

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046966

Felicia aethiopica (Burm. f.) Grau subsp. ecklonis (Less.) Grau

Eastwood et al. 2004

AY193796

Felicia clavipilosa Grau subsp. transvaalensis Grau

Eastwood et al. 2004

AY193799

Felicia echinata Nees

Eastwood et al. 2004

AY193797

Felicia fruticosa G. Nicholson subsp. brevipedunculata (Hutch.) Grau

Eastwood et al. 2004

AY193795

Felicia uliginosa Grau

Eastwood et al. 2004

AY193798

Galatella coriacea Novopokr.

Fiz et al. 2002

AF494003

Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046951

Kippistia suaedifolia F. Muell.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497660

Laennecia sophiifolia (Kunth) G. L. Nesom

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046964

Lagenifera pumila (G. Forst) Cheeseman

Wagstaff & Breitwieser 2004

AF422124

Melanodendron integrifolium (Roxb.) DC.

Eastwood et al. 2004

AY193794

Minuria cunninghamii (DC.) Benth.

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247072 + AF247073

Minuria integerrima (DC.) Benth.

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247074

Myriactis humilis Merr.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046959

Myriactis panamensis (S. F. Blake) Cuatrec. [as Lagenifera panamensis S. F. Blake]

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046965

Nannoglottis carpesioides Maxim.

Liu et al. 2003

AY017161

Nannoglottis delavayi (Franch.) Ling & Y. L. Chen

Liu et al. 2003

AY017167

Nannoglottis gynura (C. Winkl.) Ling & Y. L. Chen

Liu et al. 2003

AY017162

Nannoglottis hieraciphylla (Hand.-Mazz.) Ling & Y. L. Chen

Liu et al. 2003

AY017165

Nannoglottis latisquama Ling & Y. L. Chen

Liu et al. 2003

AY017164

Nannoglottis macrocarpa Ling & Y. L. Chen

Liu et al. 2003

AY017166

Nannoglottis ravida (C. Winkl.) Y. L. Chen

Liu et al. 2003

AY017160

Nannoglottis yuennanensis (Hand.-Mazz.) Hand.-Mazz.

Liu et al. 2003

AY017163

Nidorella resedifolia DC.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046952

Nolletia chrysocomoides (Desf.) Cass. ex Less.

Fiz et al. 2002

AF494002

Olearia argophylla (Labill.) Benth.

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247064. AF046944

Olearia arguta (R. Br.)

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247066

Olearia ballii (F. Muell.) Hemsl.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497662

Olearia ciliata (Benth.) Benth.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497667

Olearia cordata Lander

Cross et al. 2002

AF497668

Olearia elliptica DC. subsp. elliptica

Cross et al. 2002

AF497669

Olearia ferresii (F. Muell.) Benth.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497676

Olearia furfuracea (A. Rich.) Hook. f.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497690

Olearia glandulosa (Labill.) Benth.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497682

Olearia microphylla (Vent.) Maiden & Betche

Cross et al. 2002

AF497671

Olearia muellerii (Sond.) Benth.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497666

Olearia nummulariifolia Hook. f.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497688

Olearia pannosa Hook.

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247065

Olearia ramulosa (Labill.) Benth.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497681

Olearia rudis (Benth.) Benth.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497677

Olearia stellulata (Labill.) DC. var. stellulata

Cross et al. 2002

AF497648

Olearia stuartii (F. Muell.) F. Muell. ex Benth.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497678

Olearia tomentosa (Wendl.) DC.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497650

Olearia virgata Hook. f.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497697

Oleria chathamica Kirk

Wagstaff & Breitwieser 2004

AF422129

Oleria cheesemanii Cockayne & Allan

Wagstaff and Breitwieser, 2004

AF422130

Oritrophium hieracioides (Wedd.) Cuatrec.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046946

Pachystegia insignis (Hook. f.) Cheeseman

Wagstaff and Breitwieser, 2004

AF422132

Peripleura obovata (N. T. Burb.) G. L. Nesom

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247082

Pleurophyllum criniferum Hook. f.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497699

Podocoma notobellidiastrum (Griseb.) G. L. Nesom

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046963

Psiadia punctulata DC.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046954

Pteronia incana (Burm.) DC.

Noyes & Rieseberg 1999

AF046947

Remya kauaiensis Hillebr.

Cross et al. 2002

AF497684

Rhynchospermum verticillatum Reinw.

Fiz et al. 2002

AF494001

Tetramolopium alinae (Muell.) Mattf.

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247084

Tetramolopium consanguineum (A. Gray) Hillebr.

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247086

Tetramolopium macrum (Muell.) Mattf.

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247090

Tetramolopium pumilum Mattf.

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247092

Tetramolopium vagans Pedley

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247096

Vittadinia australis A. Rich.

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247098

Vittadinia blackii N. T. Burb.

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247099

Vittadinia eremaea N. T. Burb.

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247105

Vittadinia megacephala (F. Muell. ex Benth.) Black

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247109

Vittadinia pterochaeta (F. Muell. ex Benth.) Black

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247110

Vittadinia pustulata N. T. Burb.

Lowrey et al. 2001

AF247111

Isoetopsis graminifolia Turcz.

Bayer D009

<GenBank accession number forthcoming>

Sequences newly generated

Taxon name

Collection locality

Collector(s)

ITS accession

Amellus tridactylus DC.

South Africa, Western Cape

Lowrey 2154 (PRE)

FJ457933

Amellus sp.

South Africa, Western Cape

Forest & Manning 531 (), LHMS 1806

FJ457938

Callistephus chinensis Nees

Ontario, Canada, cult.

Semple 11011 (WAT)

FJ457947

Chrysocoma ciliata L.

South Africa, Western Cape

Lowrey 2143 (PRE)

FJ457941

Chrysocoma sp. 1

Cult., Kew Bot. Gard. bed c7

Forest s.n. (K)

FJ457939

Chrysocoma sp. 2

South Africa, Cape Town

Balele 7; LHMS 1526

FJ457940

Conyza scabrida DC.

South Africa, Western Cape

Forest 684 (), LHMS 2392

FJ457944

Conyza sp.

South Africa, Kwazulu-Natal

Styles 2444 (); LHMS 2977

FJ457945

Felicia filifolia (Vent.) Burtt Davy

South Africa, Western Cape

Lowrey 2147 (PRE)

FJ457937

Felicia linifolia (Harv.) Grau

South Africa, Northern Cape

Vincent & Martyn 1703c (), LHMS 1499

FJ457934

Felicia minima (Hutch.) Grau

South Africa, Western Cape

Manning 2852 (), LHMS 1185

FJ457935

Felicia namaquana (Harv.) Merxm.

South Africa

J. & L. Manning 2892 (), LHMS 1344

FJ457936

Mairia hirsuta DC.

South Africa, Western Cape

Manning 2876 (), LHMS 1203

FJ457929

Poecilolepis ficoidea (DC.) Grau

South Africa, Western Cape

Helme 3121 (), LHMS 2199

FJ457930

Polyarrhena reflexa Cass.

South Africa, Western Cape

Forest 877 (), LHMS 2413

FJ457931

Printzia polifolia (L.) Hutch.

South Africa, Western Cape

Lowrey 2144 (PRE)

FJ457927

Printzia polifolia (L.) Hutch.

South Africa

Goldblatt & P 12484 (), LHMS 1910

FJ457928

Pteronia glomerata L. f.

South Africa, Western Cape

Lowrey 2146 (PRE)

FJ457942

Tripolium vulgare Nees

Netherlands, Western Scheldst

Huiskes s.n. (from seeds) (MT)

FJ457946

Welwitschiella nereifolia O. Hoffm.

Congo, Haut-Shaba, Kolwezi

Malaisse & Robbrecht 2214 (P)

FJ457943

Zyrphelis microcephala Nees

South Africa

Goldblatt & P 12566 (), LHSM 2154

FJ457932

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Brouillet, L., Anderberg, A.A., Nesom, G.L. et al. Welwitschiella is a member of the African subtribe Grangeinae (Asteraceae Astereae): a new phylogenetic position based on ndhF and ITS sequence data. Kew Bull 64, 645–660 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-009-9164-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-009-9164-9

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