Summary. A first phylogenetic hypothesis of Neotropical Eugenia, including associated genera and species from Africa and the Pacific was produced using DNA sequence data from the nuclear (ITS, ETS) and plastid (psbA-trnH) genomes. This analysis aimed to investigate the validity of the currently recognised infrageneric groups within Eugenia as well as suites of supporting morphological characters, to determine relationships between groups and produce a framework for future taxonomic research. A total of 70 samples were analysed and the resulting topology confirms the inclusion of Neotropical genera Calycorectes, Hexachlamys, Phyllocalyx and Stenocalyx in Eugenia to preserve the monophyly of Eugenia. Within Eugenia s.l., nine clades are identified as morphologically diagnosable groups and are assigned to two genera (Eugenia and Myrcianthes). Their morphological synapomorphies are discussed. Some lineages identified by previous classifications are also supported. Preliminary phylogenetic results presented here combined with morphology point towards the need for a new subgeneric classification for Eugenia.
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Acknowledgements
This work would not have been possible without support in the field from Ony Rodrigues de Campos, Fernando Antonio Capelo, Cassia Sakuragui, Joel da Silva, Daniela Sampaio, Wellington Forster, Andréa Onofre Araújo, and Alexandre Romariz Duarte. We are very grateful to the following generous field collectors: Bruce Holst and Daniela Zappi. We thank IBAMA for granting permits and FAPESP (Brazil) (Process 2002/01637-8), KLARF (Mellon Foundation) and the Royal Society, London for financial support.
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Appendix
Appendix
Vouchers for DNA samples used in the phylogenentic analysis of Eugenia. Voucher information, GenBank accession numbers and country of origin are provided. Names marked with an asterisk (*) are outgroup taxa. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | Provenance | Voucher | Herbarium | ITS | ETS | psbA |
Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret* | Cultivated RBG Kew | Lucas 205 | K | AM234067 | AM489888 | AM489807 |
Amomyrtus meli (Phil.) D. Legrand & Kausel* | Cultivated RBG Edinburgh | RBGE 1996-1083 | E | AM234069 | AM489891 | AM489810 |
Eucalyptus tetragona (R. Br.) F. Muell.* | Australia | Udovicic 177 | MELU | AF190364 | AM489906 | AF190381 |
Eugenia arenosa Mattos | Brazil | Mazine 1021 | ESA, K | KJ187605 | KJ187658 | KJ469654 |
Eugenia astringens Cambess. | Brazil | Mazine 782 | ESA, K | KJ187606 | KJ187659 | KJ469655 |
Eugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd. | Turks and Caicos | Hamilton 553 | K, FTG | KJ187607 | KJ187660 | KJ469656 |
Eugenia bacopari D. Legrand | Brazil | Mazine 967 | ESA, K | KJ187608 | KJ187661 | KJ469657 |
Eugenia beaurepaireana (Kiaersk.) D. Legrand | Brazil | Mazine 1008 | ESA, K | KJ187609 | KJ187662 | KJ469658 |
Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. | Brazil | Mazine 1075 | ESA, K | KJ187610 | KJ187663 | KJ469659 |
Eugenia bimarginata DC. | Brazil | Mazine 469 | ESA, K | KJ187611 | KJ187664 | KJ469660 |
Eugenia membranifolia Nied. | Brazil | Duarte s.n. ESA 85677 | ESA, K | KJ187612 | KJ187665 | KJ469661 |
Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. | Brazil | Lucas 126 | ESA, K | KJ187613 | KJ187666 | KJ469662 |
Eugenia brevistyla D. Legrand | Brazil | Mazine 993 | ESA, K | KJ187614 | KJ187667 | KJ469663 |
Eugenia brongniartiana Guill. | New Caledonia | Pillon 176 | K, NOU | KJ187615 | KJ187668 | KJ469664 |
Eugenia calycina Cambess. | Brazil | Mazine 1018 | ESA, K | KJ187616 | KJ187669 | KJ469665 |
Eugenia capensis subsp. natalitia (Sond.) F. White | South Africa | Reeves 68 | NBG | AY463135 | AY454141 | … |
Eugenia capparidifolia DC. | Brazil | Mazine 845 | ESA | KJ187617 | … | KJ469666 |
Eugenia convexinervia D. Legrand | Brazil | Mazine 994 | ESA, K | KJ187618 | KJ187670 | KJ469667 |
Eugenia cuprea (O. Berg) Nied. | Brazil | Mazine 950 | ESA, K | KJ187619 | KJ187671 | KJ469668 |
Eugenia dysenterica DC. | Brazil | Mazine 466 | ESA, K | KJ187620 | KJ187672 | KJ469669 |
Eugenia excelsa O. Berg | Brazil | Lucas 125 | K | KJ187621 | KJ187673 | KJ469670 |
Eugenia florida DC. | Brazil | Mazine 965 | ESA, K | KJ187622 | KJ187674 | KJ469671 |
Eugenia florida DC. (French Guiana) | French Guiana | Lucas 106 | K | AM234090 | AM489912 | AM489830 |
Eugenia hiemalis Cambess. | Brazil | Mazine 970 | ESA, K | KJ187623 | KJ187675 | KJ469672 |
Eugenia langsdorffii O. Berg | Brazil | Silva & Farias 4528 | K | AM234092 | AM489914 | AM489832 |
Eugenia latifolia Aubl. | French Guiana | Prévost 4707 | K, CAY | AM234091 | AM489913 | AM489831 |
Eugenia melanogyna (D. Legrand) Sobral | Brazil | Mazine 969 | ESA, K | KJ187624 | KJ187676 | KJ469673 |
Eugenia modesta DC. | Brazil | Mazine 854 | ESA, K | KJ187625 | KJ187677 | … |
Eugenia neoglomerata Sobral | Brazil | Mazine 461 | ESA, K | KJ187626 | KJ187678 | KJ469674 |
Eugenia neomyrtifolia Sobral | Brazil | Mazine 953 | ESA, K | KJ187627 | KJ187679 | KJ469675 |
Eugenia neoverrucosa Sobral | Brazil | Lucas 118 | K, MBM | KJ187628 | KJ187680 | KJ469676 |
Eugenia nutans O. Berg | Brazil | Lucas 281 | ESA, K | KJ187629 | KJ187681 | KJ469677 |
Eugenia oblongata O. Berg | Brazil | Mazine 804 | ESA, K | KJ187630 | KJ187682 | KJ469678 |
Eugenia orbiculata Lam. | Mauritius | Page 104 | MAU | KJ187631 | KJ187683 | KJ469679 |
Eugenia orbignyana O. Berg | Brazil | Mazine 1067 | ESA, K | KJ187632 | KJ187684 | KJ469680 |
Eugenia patens Poir. | French Guiana | Lucas 104 | ESA, K | KJ187633 | KJ187685 | KJ469681 |
Eugenia pisiformis Cambess. | Brazil | Lucas 232 | K | KJ187634 | KJ187686 | KJ469682 |
Eugenia pitanga (O. Berg) Kiaersk. | Brazil | Mazine 1044 | ESA, K | KJ187635 | KJ187687 | KJ469683 |
Eugenia pluriflora DC. | Brazil | Mazine 961 | ESA, K | KJ187636 | KJ187688 | KJ469684 |
Eugenia prasina O. Berg | Brazil | Mazine 959 | ESA | KJ187637 | KJ187689 | KJ469685 |
Eugenia prasina O. Berg | Brazil | Zappi 406 | K | AM234086 | AM489908 | AM489826 |
Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. | Brazil | Mazine 1065 | ESA, K | KJ187638 | KJ187690 | KJ469686 |
Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. | Brazil | Mazine 1028 | ESA, K | KJ187639 | KJ187691 | KJ469687 |
Eugenia repanda O. Berg | Brazil | Lucas 273 | K, RB | KJ187640 | KJ187692 | KJ469688 |
Eugenia sp. 1 | Brazil | Mazine 1077 | ESA, K | KJ187641 | KJ187693 | KJ469689 |
Eugenia sp. 2 | Brazil | Mazine 1090 | ESA, K | … | KJ187694 | KJ469690 |
Eugenia sp. 3 | Brazil | Mazine 1072 | ESA, K | KJ187642 | KJ187695 | KJ469691 |
Eugenia sp. 4 | French Guiana | Holst 9435 | SEL | KJ187643 | KJ187696 | KJ469692 |
Eugenia sphenophylla O. Berg | Brazil | Lucas 257 | BHCB, K, RB | KJ187644 | KJ187697 | KJ469693 |
Eugenia stipitata McVaugh | Cultivated, unknown origin | Holst 8872 | SEL | KJ187645 | KJ187698 | KJ469694 |
Eugenia subavenia O. Berg | Brazil | Mazine 805 | ESA, K | KJ187646 | KJ187699 | KJ469695 |
Eugenia subterminalis DC. (=“Calycorectes psidiiflorus”) | Brazil | Mazine 974 | ESA, K | … | KJ187700 | KJ469696 |
Eugenia sulcata Spring ex Mart. | Brazil | Mazine 787 | ESA, K | KJ187647 | KJ187701 | KJ469697 |
Eugenia tetramera (McVaugh) M. L. Kawasaki & B.K.Holst | French Guiana | Holst 9422 | SEL | KJ187648 | KJ187702 | KJ469698 |
Eugenia umbrosa O. Berg | Brazil | Mazine 1085 | ESA, K | KJ187649 | KJ187703 | KJ469699 |
Eugenia uniflora L. | Cultivated RBG Kew | Lucas 207 | K | AM234088 | AM489910 | AM489828 |
Eugenia verticillata (Vell.) Angely | Brazil | Duarte s.n. ESA 85679 | ESA, K | KJ187650 | KJ187704 | KJ469700 |
Eugenia wentii Amsh. | French Guiana | Holst 9421 | SEL | KJ187651 | KJ187705 | KJ469701 |
Hexachlamys edulis (O. Berg) Kausel & D. Legrand | Brazil | Mazine 1091 | ESA, K | KJ187652 | … | KJ469702 |
Hexachlamys hamiltonii Mattos | Brazil | Mazine 1033 | ESA, K | KJ187653 | KJ187706 | KJ469703 |
Hexachlamys itatiaiensis Mattos | Brazil | Mazine 951 | ESA, K | KJ187654 | KJ187707 | KJ469704 |
Lophostemon confertus (R.Br.) Peter G. Wilson & J. T. Waterh.* | Australia | Udovicic 337 | MELU | AF048897 | AM489925 | AF190368 |
Myrcia hebepetala DC. * | Brazil | Lucas 64 | K | AM234111 | AM489916 | AM48934 |
Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh | Cultivated, unknown origin | Holst 8862 | SEL | KJ187655 | KJ187708 | KJ469705 |
Myrcianthes pseudomato (D. Legrand) McVaugh | Brazil | Beck 9667 | K | AM234100 | AM489951 | AM489868 |
Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand | Brazil | Forster 1013 | ESA | KJ187656 | KJ187709 | KJ469706 |
Myrtus communis L.* | Cultivated RBG Kew | Lucas 211 | K | AM234149 | AM489955 | AM489872 |
Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr.* | Cultivated RBG Kew | Lucas 212 | K | AM234081 | AM489958 | AM489874 |
Rhodamnia rubescens (Benth.) Miq.* | Cultivated RBG Melbourne | Belsham M83 | OTA | AM234127 | AM489963 | AM489879 |
Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston* | Cultivated RBG Kew | Lucas 214 | K | AM234135 | AM489967 | AM489882 |
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Mazine, F.F., Souza, V.C., Sobral, M. et al. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of Eugenia (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), with a focus on Neotropical species. Kew Bull 69, 9497 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-014-9497-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-014-9497-x