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Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Endemic Variety of the Western Ghats Garcinia gummi-gutta var papilla and Garcinia xanthochymus

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nowadays, there is a rapid increase in cancer incidence around the world. Hence, there is an urgent need for more efficient natural medicine treatments with fewer side effects. The genus Garcinia belongs to the family Clusiaceae and is regarded as a rich source of secondary metabolites. Compounds identified in Garcinia species have applications in treating cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aims to analyse the essential phytocompounds in the methanolic leaf extracts of Garcinia gummi-gutta var. papilla (GP) and Garcinia xanthochymus (GX) and to compare the antioxidant and anticancer capabilities of the extracts. Using HR-LC MS, composition and structure of bioactive compounds in extracts were determined. In vitro antioxidant activities of methanolic leaf extract were investigated by DPPH assays, ABTS assays, hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and nitric oxide radical scavenging assays. In vitro cytotoxicity was studied using MCF-7 cell lines, and the growth inhibitory effects of the extracts were assessed by MTT assay. Around 21 potential compounds have been identified from GP and 19 from GX. In all the antioxidant assays, GP shows moderate antioxidant activity than GX. In in vitro cancer studies, GP showed fewer side effects on L929 cells and higher cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cell lines. GP proved to be a good anticancer agent. Results revealed higher antioxidant activity and anticancerous activity for GP than GX. Due to the abundance of compounds with antioxidant and anticancer properties, GP serves as a species of interest for further research on anticancer drugs.

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Acknowledgements

The first author gratefully acknowledges University Grant Commission (UGC) Government of India or the award of the fellowship.

Funding

This work was supported by UGC in the form of National level fellowship. UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Grants Commission, 516/(CSIRNETJUNE2019), Divyalakshmi MV.

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  1. Cell and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India

    M. V. Divyalakshmi & J. E. Thoppil

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  1. M. V. Divyalakshmi
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MVD provided idea for the article; MVD & JET contributed to literature search and data analysis; and JET drafted and/or critically revised the work.

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Correspondence to M. V. Divyalakshmi.

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Significance Statement

I am herewith attaching a research paper entitled on “Cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity evaluation of endemic variety of Western Ghats Garcinia gummi-gutta var papilla and G. xanthochymus”.

Plants form a dominant part of Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia, during the early development of modern medicine, biologically active compounds from higher plants had played a pivotal role in providing medicines to tackle pain and diseases. Most of the plant-based drugs introduced recently have been innovative and represent outstanding contributions to therapeutics. The importance of this present study is to evaluate the potential of Garcinia species of Western Ghats, a less explored genus in the family Clusiaceae, and also highlights antioxidant and anticancer potential of an endemic less explored variety G. var. Papilla and the common cultivated species G. xanthochymus. I humbly request you to go through the one and consider for a review. Hoping for a positive response.

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Divyalakshmi, M.V., Thoppil, J.E. Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Endemic Variety of the Western Ghats Garcinia gummi-gutta var papilla and Garcinia xanthochymus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 94, 369–381 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-023-01536-6

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