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Pollen morphology and evolutionary history of Sapindales

  • Structural Botany - Review Article
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Abstract

In Brazil, Sapindales is represented by six families Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, and Simaroubaceae. Palynological studies on its members are varied, including few detailed descriptions as well as palynotaxonomic analyses or brief diagnoses in floras or ecological, paleopalynological, or melissopalynological investigations. This study aimed to compile the main pollen characters of Sapindales families occurring in Brazil through a thorough review of the literature including national or foreign taxa and to present new information on the palynology of representatives of the families. Acetolyzed pollen grains from representatives of the six families were also analyzed, measured, and illustrated under light microscope. Unacetolyzed pollen grains were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. An evolutionary approach to pollen morphology in Sapindales was carried out by mapping and reconstructing the ancestral states of the pollen grains attributes on the existing phylogenetic proposal. Phylogenetic trees were generated by parsimony analysis and used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of each character state of the analyzed taxa. This study represents a first attempt to establish the phylogeny of the order Sapindales using pollen data. Future palynological studies should focus on species not included in the current phylogenetic tree as well as phylogenetic relationships within the nine Sapindales families.

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Acknowledgements

CBF Mendonça and V Gonçalves-Esteves extend their thanks to CNPq for a research grant and Chamada Universal 2018 (Proc. 422903/2018-3) for the first author. All the authors are grateful for funding from Auxílio Emergencial ao Museu Nacional, FAPERJ (Proc. 200.090/2019). We are grateful to the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia: Centro de Caracterização em Nanotecnologia de Materiais e Catálise (CENANO) for providing technical assistance with Electronic Scanning Miscroscope (SEM). The authors would like to thank Dr. José Rubens Pirani (Instituto de Biociências/USP) and Dr. Cíntia Luíza da Silva Luz (Instituto de Biociências/USP) for their assistance in reviewing and updating the names of the taxa.

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  1. Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, National Museum, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil

    Vania Gonçalves-Esteves, Simone Cartaxo-Pinto, Elysiane Barros Marinho & Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira Mendonça

  2. Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-900, Brazil

    Roberto Lourenço Esteves

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by VGE, SCP, and CBFM. The evolutionary history of pollen morphology was performed by EBM and RLE. All authors commented on previous versions, read and approved of the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Vania Gonçalves-Esteves.

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Gonçalves-Esteves, V., Cartaxo-Pinto, S., Marinho, E.B. et al. Pollen morphology and evolutionary history of Sapindales. Braz. J. Bot 45, 341–366 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-021-00719-7

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