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Genetic Resources and Breeding of Coffee (Coffea spp.)

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Nut and Beverage Crops

Abstract

Coffee is an important agricultural export commodity in many Asian, African and Latin American countries. It provides a livelihood for more than 125 million people worldwide. The genus Coffea comprises more than 125 species of which only 2 species Coffea arabica (arabica coffee) and C. canephora (robusta coffee) are commercially cultivated for beverage production. Climate change presents unprecedented challenges to sustainable coffee cultivation on a global scale. Besides, both arabica and robusta coffee are subjected to biotic and abiotic stress conditions that limit their production and productivity. Although conventional breeding approaches are followed to attenuate some of these problems, they were slow and time-consuming. Furthermore, arabica coffee has a narrow genetic base and needs to be addressed immediately by incorporating diverse germplasm with potential agronomic values, using focused breeding programs. In both arabica and robusta, the full potential of germplasm has not been exploited. Recent progress in the biotechnological field particularly on molecular markers and new generation sequencing platform hold great promise to discover new genes and accelerate coffee breeding programs. The progress achieved in coffee transgenic technology also has unparalleled opportunities to develop new cultivars with improved agronomic traits. Recent progress in gene editing techniques has a significant impact on the genetic improvement of coffee. This chapter provides current and innovative information about coffee’s origin and distribution, genetic resource diversity and conventional breeding strategies and application. Current advances in the field of tissue culture, genetic transformation, gene editing and molecular breeding are also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tissue Culture and Plant Biotechnology Division, Unit of Central Coffee Research Institute, Coffee Board, Dr. S. Radhakrishnan Road, Manasagangothri, Mysore, Karnataka, India

    Manoj K. Mishra

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes Relevant to Coffee

Institution

Specialization and research activities

Contact information and website

Central Coffee Research Institute, Coffee Board, India

Agronomy, soil sciences, plant protection, plant breeding and genetics, Biotechnology and tissue culture, crop physiology, postharvest technology and coffee quality analysis

Central Coffee Research Institute, Balehonnur, Dist Chikamagalur-577,117 Karnataka, India

Phone: 08265-243029

Fax 08265-243143

https://www.indiacoffee.org/

CeniCaffe Colombia

Agronomy, soil sciences, plant protection, biotechnology

National Center for Coffee Research – Cenicafé

Planalto Head quarters,via Chinchiná-Manizales.

Manizales (Caldas) – Colombia

Tel .: PBX +57 (6) 8506550

Fax +57 (6) 8504723

AA 2427 Manizales

cenicafe@cafedecolombia.com

Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization

Agronomy, plant protection, plant breeding and coffee quality analysis

Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization,

Kattegat Rd, Loresho Nairobi Kenya

PO Box 57811, City Square, NAIROBI, 00200, Kenyahttp://www.kalro.org/crops_contacts

Coffee Institute of Costa Rica (Icafe)

Sustainable coffee production

ICAFE

400 meters north of the San Pedro de Barva Catholic Church, Heredia. 280-3011, Barva, Heredia, Costa Rica

Tel: +506 2243-7800; Fax: +506 2243-7554

http://www.icafe.cr/contactenos/

Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Agronomy, soil sciences, plant protection, tissue culture, machinery, processing, and quality control

Gebang, Nogosari, Rambipuji, Jember Regency, East Java 68175, Indonesia

http://iccri.net/

Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia

Plant protection, soil fertility, crop production and integrated watershed management

http://www.eiar.gov.et/jarc/

Jimma Agricultural Research Center

Tel: (+251) 471-128020; Fax: (+251) 471-111999

PO Box 192, Jimma Zone,Oromia Region

National Coffee Research Institute (NaCORI), Uganda

Plant breeding and evaluation, micropropagation and germplasm conservation

National Coffee Research Institute Katosi Road PO Box 185, Mukono, Uganda 256-414-697659

www.nacori.go.ug/

Embrapa Café Brazil

Agronomy, plant protection, breeding and genetics , biotechnology and tissue culture, crop physiology, postharvest and quality analysis

Park Biological Station, PqEB, Brasília, DF 70770-901, Brazil

Tel: +55 61 3448-4433; Fax: +55 61 3448-4890

https://www.embrapa.br/en/cafe

Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le (CIRAD) , France

Sustainable development of tropical and Mediterranean regions

Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

Tel: +33 4 67 61 58 00

https://www.cirad.fr/en

IRD, France

Coffee biotechnology

Florence Morineau IRD 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501 34394 Montpellier cedex 5 Tel : +33 (0)4 67 41 61 00 Fax : +33 (0)4 67 41 63 30 Courriel : delegation.occitanie@ird.fr

http://www.ird.fr/

University of Trieste

Molecular biology, functional genomics and physiology

Department of Life Science, University of Trieste,Piazzale Europa, 1 – 34127 – Trieste, Italia

https://www.units.it

1.2 Appendix II: Genetic Resources of Coffee

Cultivar

Important traits

Cultivation location

S.795

Tall arabica variety with very high yield potential. Susceptible to leaf rust but produces excellent cup quality

India

Sln.5A

Tall arabica hybrid involving Ethiopian/Sudanese variety with good yield potential. Produces more B grade beans of high cup quality. Shows field tolerance to leaf rust

India

Sln.5B

Tall arabica variety with very good yield potential. Exhibit tolerance to leaf rust with good cup quality

India

Sln.6

A robusta arabica hybrid with vigorous growth and good yield potential. Show tolerance to leaf rust and CBD. Produces good cup quality

India

Sln.9

Tall arabica hybrid involving HDT and Tafarikela with early ripening and good yield potential. Produces very good cup quality

India

Chandragiri

Hybrid between Villasarchi and HDT this dwarf arabica hybrid with good yield potential and high tolerance to leaf rust. Produces big size beans with good cup quality

India

Kents

A natural mutant of Typica discovered in India. High productivity but susceptible to leaf rust. Very good cup quality

India, Kenya

SL28

Tall, drought tolerant and very good cup quality potential, but susceptible to major diseases

Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, Zimbabwe

SL34

Tall arabica cultivar with high yield potential and exceptionally good cup quality but susceptible to major diseases

Kenya

Ruiru11

High yielding, dwarf hybrid tolerant to coffee leaf rust and resistant to CBD. Produces good cup quality

Kenya

Batian

High yields, tolerance to coffee leaf rust, resistance to CBD, bold bean with good cup quality

Kenya

Caturra

Natural bourbon mutant, dwarf variety with good yield potential. Susceptible to leaf rust and CBD but with good cup quality

Brazil, Central America

Catuai

Dwarf compact arabica variety with good yield potential. Highly susceptible to leaf rust and CBD. Produces good cup quality

Brazil, Costa Rica. Guatemala, Honduras

Mundonovo

A natural hybrid between Bourbon and Typica the variety produces vigorous and productive plant with good quality cup but susceptible to major diseases

Brazil

Obata

Hybrid between HDT and Villasarchi this is known as Sarchimor elsewhere. Moderate to high yield with tolerance to leaf rust

Brazil, Costa Rica

IAPAR 59

Dwarf arabica hybrid with good yield potential. Show tolerance to leaf rust and nematodes but susceptible to CBD. Cup quality is low

Brazil

Catimor

A dwarf hybrid between HDT and Caturra developed in Portugal in 1959 and cultivated in many countries with very high yield potential. Show variable resistance to leaf rust in different countries. Good cup quality

India, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica

Tekisic

A variety selected from bourbon known for excellent cup quality in the highest altitudes

El Salvador, Guatemala

Catisic

High High yields, tolerance to coffee leaf rust, adaptable to warm and acidic soil, susceptible to CBD and poor cup quality

El Salvador

Cuscatleco

Dwarf compact arabica variety with high yield potential. Show resistance to leaf rust and nematode. Produces good cup quality

El Salvador

Centroamericano

Dwarf F1 arabica hybrid with very high yield potential Exhibit resistance to leaf rust and tolerance to CBD. Produces good cup quality

Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras

RAB C15

High yielding tall variety selected from Indian cultivar Sln.6. Show resistant to rust and coffee berry disease

Rwanda

Castillo

High yielding coffee variety resistant to coffee leaf rust

Colombia

Anacafe

Dwarf high yielding hybrid between Catimor and Pacamara with good cup quality. Plants show resistance to leaf rust but susceptible to CBD

Guatemala

Evaluna

Dwarf introgressed F1 arabica hybrid with very good yield potential. Susceptible to leaf rust but tolerant to CBD. Produces very good cup quality

Central America

Nayarita

Dwarf F1 hybrid involving Ethiopian arabica with high yield potential. Show resistance to CBD but susceptible to coffee leaf rust. Very good cup quality

Nicaragua

Starmaya

Dwarf arabica hybrid involving Marsellesa and Ethiopian arabica with very high yield potential with resistance to leaf rust. Very good cup quality

Nicaragua

Marsellesa

Introgressed dwarf Sarchimor variety with very good yield potential. Resistant to leaf rust and tolerant to CBD. Produces good cup quality with high acidity

Nicaragua

Limani

Introgressed dwarf Sarchimor variety with good yield potential. Tolerant to leaf rust and produces good cup quality

Puerto Rico

Bourbon

Genetically important arabica variety, with medium yield potential, susceptible to both leaf rust and CBD. Produces excellent cup quality

El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Peru

Panamian Geisha

Tall arabica landrace with medium yield potential. Tolerant to leaf rust but susceptible to CBD. Produces exceptionally good cup quality

Panama

K7

Tall arabica variety with good yield potential. Show tolerance to leaf rust and CBD with good cup quality

Kenya, Tanzania

KP 423

Selected from Kent, this tall arabica variety has high yield potential. Show tolerance to drought and leaf rust but susceptible to CBD. The cup quality is poor

Uganda

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Mishra, M.K. (2019). Genetic Resources and Breeding of Coffee (Coffea spp.). In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Nut and Beverage Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23112-5_12

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