Abstract
The present study includes a monographic analysis of the genus Panicum for Flora Neotropica, considering a total of 5 valid species in sect. Dichotomiflora, and 2 infraspecific taxa, 13 in sect. Hiantes, with 3 infraspecific taxa, 27 in sect. Panicum, with 4 infraspecific taxa, 4 in section Repentia, and 5 in sect. Rudgeana. On the other hand, "incertae sedis" species of Panicum where placed as ungrouped, with a total of 9 species reviewed in this chapter. Plants in Panicum are annual or perennial, usually cespitose, short to long rhizomatous, with erect to, less frequently, decumbent, rooting, branching culms at lower, middle, and upper nodes; internodes hollow, occasionally solid, with or without aerenchyma, hairy to glabrous; nodes pale to brownish, hairy to glabrous. Sheaths open, striate, pilose to glabrous, with or without aerenchyma. Ligule membranous-ciliate to ciliate. Blades lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, flat to involucrate, base rounded to cordate, apex acute to acuminate, hairy to glabrous. Inflorescence an open to contracted terminal panicle, exerted or partially included in the upper leaves; axillary inflorescences occasionally present. Spikelets on second- or third-order branches, solitary or in pairs, biflowered, exceptionally triflowered (P. quadriglume), hairy to glabrous, with conspicuous rachilla or not between bracts; lower glume ¼ to 4/5 as long as spikelet, (0–)3–9 nerved, membranous, hairy to glabrous, truncate or with the apex acute; upper glume and lower lemma usually subequal, upper glume (5–)7–11(–13) nerved, membranous, lower lemma (5–)7–11 nerved, membranous; lower palea similar in length to lower lemma or reduced, 2 nerved, hyaline; lower flower staminate or absent; upper anthecium stipitate or not, hardened, smooth, pale to blackish, shiny, with simple, verrucose or compound papillae over the entire surface or, more frequently, toward the apex of the lemma and palea. Caryopsis with punctiform to oblong hilum, embryo 1/3 to ½ the length of the caryopsis.
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Zuloaga, F., Aliscioni, S. (2023). Taxonomic Treatment. In: Panicum (Poaceae). Flora Neotropica, vol 124. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33768-0_9
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