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Conservation of Medicinal Plant Genetic Resources in Southern Africa

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Plant Genetic Resources, Inventory, Collection and Conservation

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Abstract

Various diseases and ailments have been treated with medicinal plants for over 60,000 years. The easy accessibility and affordability of these plants compared to the high cost of pharmaceutical drugs are, perhaps, the most compelling reasons for the extensive use of ethnomedicine. New research findings on the phytochemicals present in medicinal plants are needed to test the veracity of some of the indigenous knowledge. One of the serious problems with ethnomedicine is the lack of studies on the toxicity of the secondary compounds in the plants. This chapter presents information on three medicinal plants (Tulbaghia violacea, Carpobrotus edulis, and Cotyledon orbiculata) that are used widely in Southern Africa. The three plants contain a number of common phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, flavonols, phenolic compounds, proanthocyanidins, saponins, tannins, and triterpenes. In general, studies on different cell lines showed that these plants are useful in traditional medicine. However, most of the extracts were toxic at high concentrations. There is no information on the extent that these plants are being used or on the availability of these plants in the wild. It is envisaged that once more scientific information on these plants becomes available the danger of overexploitation of these species is possible. Therefore, this chapter also presents a review of some of the various ways in which medicinal plants are conserved for future use.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa

    Michael Pillay, Samkeliso Takaidza, Lerato N. Madike & Unisa Terblanche

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  1. Michael Pillay
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  2. Samkeliso Takaidza
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  3. Lerato N. Madike
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India

    Siva Ramamoorthy

  2. Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines

    Inocencio Jr. Buot

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India

    Rajasekaran Chandrasekaran

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Pillay, M., Takaidza, S., Madike, L.N., Terblanche, U. (2022). Conservation of Medicinal Plant Genetic Resources in Southern Africa. In: Ramamoorthy, S., Buot, I.J., Chandrasekaran, R. (eds) Plant Genetic Resources, Inventory, Collection and Conservation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7699-4_15

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