Abstract
We present a revision of the genus Parahyparrhenia for India including detailed description of the two endemic species i.e. P. bellariensis and P. khannae, with photo plates. Epitypification of P. bellariensis is done to facilitate correct identification. The present circumscription of the genus is also discussed with respect to irregular morphological characters of certain taxa, and its description is updated. Moreover, keys are provided to identify allied genera and all seven species of Parahyparrhenia that are currently globally accepted. Furthermore, each species is discussed in terms of its unique features and the relative taxonomic significance of these features in delimiting species. The genus has been globally reviewed. The African and Thai species have been discussed with a primary emphasis on their unique features and their utility in taxonomy.
References
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<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.H., Li, D.Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature foralgae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). </em>Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Veldkamp, J.F. (2003) Miscellaneous notes on Thai Gramineae. <em>Blumea</em> 48: 495–501. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651903X489474</p>
<p>Watson, L. & Dallwitz, M.J. (1992 onwards)<em>The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval</em>. Version: 14th December 2000 [online]. Available at: http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/ (accessed 28 March 2022)</p>
<p>Beauvois, P. (1812) <em>Essai d’une nouvelle Agrostographie; ou nouveaux genres des Graminées; avec figures représentant les caractères de tous les genres.</em> Chez l’auteur, Paris, 8 pp.</p>
<p>Camus, A.A. (1950) <em>Parahyparrhenia</em>, genre nouveau d’Andropogonees. <em>Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle </em>22: 404–405.</p>
<p>Clayton, W.D. (1966) Studies in the Gramineae: XII. <em>Parahyparrenia</em>, <em>Hyperthelia</em>, <em>Exotheca</em>. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 20 (3): 433–449. https://doi.org/10.2307/4108241</p>
<p>Clayton, W.D. (1969a) <em>Revision of the genus Hyparrhenia</em>. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London, 196 pp.</p>
<p>Clayton, W.D. (1969b) A new species of <em>Parahyparrhenia</em>. <em>Dansk Botanisk Arkiv</em> 27 (1): 67–70.</p>
<p>Clayton, W.D. (1981) Notes on the tribe Andropogoneae (Gramineae). <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 35 (4): 813–818.</p>
<p>Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006 onwards) <em>GrassBase-The Online World Grass Flora</em>. Available from: http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html (accessed 20 June 2021)</p>
<p>Dumortier, B.C.J. (1824) <em>Observations sur les Graminees de la Flore Belgique</em>. J. Casterman, Tournay, 139 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.346</p>
<p>Forman, L. & Bridson, D. (1991) <em>The herbarium handbook</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 214 pp.</p>
<p>Fournier, E.P.N. (1886) <em>Mexicanas Plantas</em>. Ex Typographeo Reipublicae, Paris 2: 67 pp.</p>
<p>Hackel, E. (1885) Andropogoneae novae. <em>Flora </em>68 (7): 1–647.</p>
<p>Kuntze, O. (1891) <em>Revisio Generum Plantarum</em>. Vol. 2. Arthur Felix, Leipzig. 775 pp.</p>
<p>Landge, S.N. & Shinde, R.D. (2021) Rediscovery of <em>Parahyparrhenia bellariensis</em> (Poaceae: Andropogoneae): a presumed extinct grass from Andhra Pradesh, India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 497 (2): 147–156. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.2.7</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum </em>Vol. 2. Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 1045 pp.</p>
<p>Persoon, C.H. (1807) <em>Synopsis plantarum: seu enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum. Pars II.</em> Apud Bibliopolas, Treuttel et Würtz, Parisiis Lutetiorum, 533 pp.</p>
<p>POWO (2021) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 10 May 2021)</p>
<p>Roemer, J.J. & Schultes, J.A. (1817) <em>Systema vegetabilium</em>, 2. J. G. Cotta, Stuttgardtia [Stuttgart], 836 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title</p>
<p>Soreng, R.J., Peterson, P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Zuloaga, F.O., Judziewicz, E.J., Filgueiras, T.S., Davis, J.I., Morrone, O. (2015) A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae). <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em> 53: 117–137. [https:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jse.12150/epdf]</p>
<p>Stapf, O. (1919) Gramineae. <em>In</em>: Prain, D. (Ed.) <em>Flora of Tropical Africa </em>9. London Reeve & Co., Kent, 407 pp.</p>
<p>Stapf, O. (1922) <em>Hooker’s Icon Plantarum</em>. Dulao & Co. LTD., London 31: 3093 pp.</p>
<p>Tiwari, A.P. (2017) Lectotypification of <em>Andropogon bellariensis</em>, basionym of <em>Parahyparrhenia bellariensis</em> (Andropogoneae, Poaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 326 (4): 295–296. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.11</p>
<p>Tiwari, A.P., Chorghe, A.R., Landge, S.N. & Shaikh, M. (2020) A new species of <em>Parahyparrhenia</em> (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) from India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 446 (1): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.1.7</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2020) [continuously updated] Index Herbariorum: <em>A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 1 March 2021)</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.H., Li, D.Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature foralgae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). </em>Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Veldkamp, J.F. (2003) Miscellaneous notes on Thai Gramineae. <em>Blumea</em> 48: 495–501. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651903X489474</p>
<p>Watson, L. & Dallwitz, M.J. (1992 onwards)<em>The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval</em>. Version: 14th December 2000 [online]. Available at: http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/ (accessed 28 March 2022)</p>