Hibiscus surattensis L.
synonym | Abelmoschus aculeatus (G. Don) Walp. |
synonym | Abelmoschus rostellatus Walp. |
synonym | Furcaria surattensis (L.) Kostel. |
synonym | Furcaria surattensis Kostel. |
synonym | Hibiscus aculeatus G. Don |
synonym | Hibiscus appendiculatus Stokes |
synonym | Hibiscus bifurcatus Blanco |
synonym | Hibiscus furcatus Roxb. [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Hibiscus hypoglossus E. Mey. ex Harv. & Sond. |
synonym | Hibiscus involucratus Salisb. |
synonym | Hibiscus surattensis f. concolor Back. |
synonym | Hibiscus surattensis var. villosus Hochr. |
synonym | Hibiscus trinitarius Noronha |
Comorian |
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Créole Maurice |
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Créole Réunion |
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Créole Seychelles |
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Malagasy |
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Other |
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Global description
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are widely spatulate, with truncated apex and slightly coradte base. They are carried by a petiole almost as long as the lamina. Lamina 1.5 to 2 cm long and 1 to 2.5 cm wide. It has three whitish veins at the base.
First leaves
The first leaves are simple and alternate, long-stalked. The leaf blade is entire, largely oval, with 3 or 5 wide tines. Base rounded or cordate and wedged apex. They are bright green in colour.
General habit
Annual plant, more or less lianescent, reaching 2 m high, with retrorse, curved, sharp thorns.
Underground system
Taproot system.
Stem
The stem is round and full, green and purple in colour, armed with retrorse, curved, sharp spines. It is finely hairy. It branches at the insertion of the leaves.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and alternate, spiny; carried by a petiole up to 1.5 times longer than the leaf blade. Petiole framed at the base by 2 oval stipules with ciliated and coarsely serrated margin, auriculate at the base, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Lamina of variable form. At the base of the stems, the lamina is entire, largely oval in shape, with cordate base, showing rapidly 3 large angles. . While growing, the lamina becomes more or less deeply 3-5 lobed, 3 to 8 cm long and wide. Margin serrated. The blade is finely puberulent on both sides. Venation is palmate with 3-5 main veins emerging from the base. On the underside, the veins have retrorse sharp thorns.
Inflorescence
The flowers are solitary, arranged in the leaf axils.
Flower
The flower is carried by a long peduncle, 6 to 8 cm. It comprises of an epicalyx of 10-12 spatulate lobes, 1.5 to 2 cm long, bearing a ligule set at right angles, linear, 5 to 10 mm long, provided with stiff bristles. Calyxe about 2 cm long, deeply divided into 5 acute triangular tough lobes, with stiff bristles on the margin and the midrib, accrescent, more or less tinged with purple. The corolla is widely spread, yellow with dark purple center, more or less 8 cm large. It consists of five broadly obovate petals, 3 to 4 cm at the largest width. Staminal column of about 2 cm Long, with numerous staggered anthers, globular, yellow, carried by red lines, and at the end is a yellow style which is divided into 5 red globular and very hairy stigmas.
Fruit
The fruit is a pyriform capsule, 1.5 to 2 cm long and 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter, white, covered with appressed bristles surrounded by the persistent calyx. The capsule consists of 5 loculus each containing 5 seeds.
Seed
The seed is kidney-shaped, thickened on the rear, 3 mm long and 2 mm wide. Seed coat dark brown, finely punctuated and dotted with small paler tubers.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Life cycle
Mayotte: Hibiscus surattensis flowers from February to August and fruits from April to Ocotber.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Hibiscus surattensis is an annual plant. It is propagated by seed.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Growth form
Liana climbing structure
Leaf arrangement
Leaf type
Type of prefoliation
Latex
Stem section
Root type
Hollow or solid stem
Stipule type
Leaf attachment type
Fruit type
Cotyledon type
Lamina base
Lamina margin
Lamina apex
Upperface pilosity
Upperface hair type
Lowerface pilosity
Simple leaf type
Lamina section
Lamina Veination
Flower color
Inflorescence type
Stem pilosity
Stem hair type
Life form
Gland at the base of the mibrid | Habit | Stem hairiness | Species |
absent | erect | velvet pubescence | H. panduriformis |
absent | liana | hooks | H. surattensis |
present | shrub | stelate-hair down | Urena lobata |
present | erect | rought, stelate and spiny hair and scabrous | H. asper |
present | erect | smooth with few sub-spiny hair | H. cannabinus |
present | erect | smooth red or green | H. sabdariffa |
Flower color | Epicalix | Calix | Calix hairiness | Espèce |
rose | absent | not flechy | stelate | Urena lobata |
yellow with red center | epicalix with more than 5 bracts with 2 lobes 1 spatulate, 1 threadlike | not flechy | glabrous | Hibiscus surattensis |
epicalix with more than 5 bracts with simple and spatulate apex | not flechy | tomentose | Hibiscus panduriformis | |
yellow with red center | epicalix with more than 5 bracts with simple and tapered apex | not flechy | wooly | H. cannabinus |
yellow with red center | epicalix with more than 5 bracts with simple and tapered apex | fleshy | glabrous and red | Hibiscus sabdriffa |
yellow with red center | epicalix with only 5 bracts | not flechy | straight hair with tuberculous base | Hibiscus asper |
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Comoros: Hibiscus surattensis is a ruderal species, which is also found in agricultural plots. It is observed in all regions of the three islands, up to 600 m altitude.
Madagascar: weed and ruderal species fairly common in the West and North West of the island. It grows in dry crops or around inhabited places on different soil types.
Mauritius: Plant naturalized, unusual on the island.
Mayotte: Hibiscus surattensis is an exotic species widely naturalized in a wide range of secondarized environments. It is very common in crops, wastelands, villages, and roadsides in the hygrophilic area.
Reunion: fairly common species in Reunion, in sugar cane culture. It is preferentially found in humid areas in the east (St Denis in St Benedict) at low altitude. It occurs occasionally in the West and South to 400 m in irrigated cultivation.
Seychelles: Species present in clearings and abandoned places. It is rarely abundant.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Habitat
Geographical distibution
Origin
Hibiscus surattensis is a species native to India.Worldwide distribution
H. surattensis is a naturalized species in many tropical regions, particularly in Africa and Asia.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Local harmfulness
Comoros: Hibiscus surattensis particularly infest old banana, cassava and vanilla plantations.
Madagascar: A weed relatively low frequency, but its presence in crops is very troublesome because of its bushy and thorny vegetation.
Mauritius: This species is not present in crops.
Mayotte: Hibiscus surattensis is a frequent weed, particularly in the north of the island. It is present in 38% of cultivated plots. It is very abundant in vegetable and fruit crops.
Reunion: H. surattensis frequently penetrates the sugarcane fields where it can smother culture by climbing on the canes and obstruct movement in the interline spacing. In Reunion, it is present in 20% of cane fields, with a generally limited covering rate, but can reach up to 30-50%.
Seychelles: Low harmfulness.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cirad. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 487 p.
- Huat, J., Nagy, M., Carpente, A., Schwartz, M., Le Bourgeois, T. & Marnotte, P. 2021. Guide de la flore spontanée des agrosystèmes de Mayotte. Montpellier, Cirad. 150 p.
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cirad. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 487 p.
- Huat, J., Nagy, M., Carpente, A., Schwartz, M., Le Bourgeois, T. & Marnotte, P. 2021. Guide de la flore spontanée des agrosystèmes de Mayotte. Montpellier, Cirad. 150 p.
Clé d'identification des graines des principales adventices de La Réunion. Version 1 - 55 espèces
La flore des mauvaises herbes de la Canne à Sucre à La Réunion. Caractérisation à partir des témoins des essais d’herbicides. 2005-2016
Weeds of tropical rainfed cropping systems: are there patterns at a global level of perception?
Analyse comparée de la flore adventice en culture d’ananas et de canne à sucre à la Réunion
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Hibiscus%2520surattensis
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Magnoliopsida |
Order | Malvales |
Family | Malvaceae |
Genus | Hibiscus |
Species | Hibiscus surattensis L. |