Code
SYDNO
Growth form
broadleaf
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
terrestrial
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Blainvillea latifolia (L.f.) DC. |
| synonym | Blainvillea latifolia subsp. latifolia |
| synonym | Eclipta latifolia L.f. |
| synonym | Ucacou nodiflorum (L.) Hitchc. |
| synonym | Verbesina dichotoma Sieber ex Steud. |
| synonym | Verbesina nodiflora L. |
| synonym | Wedelia cryptocephala Peter |
🗒 Common Names
| Chinese |
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| Créole Réunion |
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| Créole Seychelles |
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| English |
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| French |
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| Indonesian |
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| Malay |
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| Other |
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| Portuguese |
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| Spanish; Castilian |
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| Thai |
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| Vietnamese |
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📚 Overview
Description
Global description
Synedrella nodiflora is an erect, branched grass, 40 to 90 cm high. The leaves are simple and opposite, 5 to 10 cm long, light green in colour and have 3 basal veins. The margin of the leaf blade is serrate or almost full. The underside is hairy. The flowers, small and yellow, are grouped into small heads at the base of terminal leaves. The fruit is dark, more or less narrow and with a variable number of tines depending whether they are from internal or external flowers.
Cotyledons
Elliptical and glabrous cotyledons with a central rib barely marked. The leaf blade is 10 mm long and 7 mm wide. The petiole is half shorter than the lamina.
First leaves
Leaves simple and opposite, oval to lanceolate in shape. The leaf blade is acute at the apex and attenuated decurrent along the petiole. The venation of the leaf blade is trinervate at the base. The margin is closely serrated. On the upper surface the pilosity is inconspicuous, it is clearer on the underside and particularly on the ribs.
General habit
Erect plant and increasingly branched to the top. The plant can grow up to 1 m high.
Underground system
The root is small, branched Taproot, slightly deep.
Stem
Quadrangular stem, solid and hairy. It has rounded corners.
Leaf
Simple and opposite leaves, which are inserted on the stem with a flat petiole of 2 to 10 mm long with a ciliated margin. A thin stipular flange is present. The lamina, elliptical oval, measures 5 to 10 cm long and 3 to 5 cm wide. Its base is in the corner, long and closely decurrent on the petiole while the apex is apiculate. The leaf blade is hairy. However the upper surface, the ribs and the margins are densely covered with short, stiff white hairs. This gives a rough even scabrous feel. Venation is ascending, trinervate and depressed on the upper face. The margin is serrated on about the upper two thirds of the leaf blade.
Inflorescence
Inflorescence composed of groups of a few sessile heads in the axils of terminal leaves. The flower heads, ovoid to elliptical, measure 3 to 4 mm wide. The involucre consists of 2 to 3 sets of oval bracts.
Flower
Each capitulum has a few ligulate female yellow flowers, surrounding some tubulate hermaphrodite flowers of the same color. The 4 or 5 external flowers have short ligule, 2 to 3 mm, with 3 tines. The 6 to 10 internal flowers have a corolla in tube, 2 mm long.
Fruit
The fruit is an obovate to ellipsoid achene, 3 to 4 mm long and 1.4 mm wide for the outer flowers and 1 mm for internal flowers. It is biconvex, flattened, gray in color. The achene of ray florets is surrounded by a ring of strong flat cornate tines. The achene of tabulate flowers is topped only with 2 to 4 filiform, pubescent and golden tines, 3 to 4 mm long.
Synedrella nodiflora is an erect, branched grass, 40 to 90 cm high. The leaves are simple and opposite, 5 to 10 cm long, light green in colour and have 3 basal veins. The margin of the leaf blade is serrate or almost full. The underside is hairy. The flowers, small and yellow, are grouped into small heads at the base of terminal leaves. The fruit is dark, more or less narrow and with a variable number of tines depending whether they are from internal or external flowers.
Cotyledons
Elliptical and glabrous cotyledons with a central rib barely marked. The leaf blade is 10 mm long and 7 mm wide. The petiole is half shorter than the lamina.
First leaves
Leaves simple and opposite, oval to lanceolate in shape. The leaf blade is acute at the apex and attenuated decurrent along the petiole. The venation of the leaf blade is trinervate at the base. The margin is closely serrated. On the upper surface the pilosity is inconspicuous, it is clearer on the underside and particularly on the ribs.
General habit
Erect plant and increasingly branched to the top. The plant can grow up to 1 m high.
Underground system
The root is small, branched Taproot, slightly deep.
Stem
Quadrangular stem, solid and hairy. It has rounded corners.
Leaf
Simple and opposite leaves, which are inserted on the stem with a flat petiole of 2 to 10 mm long with a ciliated margin. A thin stipular flange is present. The lamina, elliptical oval, measures 5 to 10 cm long and 3 to 5 cm wide. Its base is in the corner, long and closely decurrent on the petiole while the apex is apiculate. The leaf blade is hairy. However the upper surface, the ribs and the margins are densely covered with short, stiff white hairs. This gives a rough even scabrous feel. Venation is ascending, trinervate and depressed on the upper face. The margin is serrated on about the upper two thirds of the leaf blade.
Inflorescence
Inflorescence composed of groups of a few sessile heads in the axils of terminal leaves. The flower heads, ovoid to elliptical, measure 3 to 4 mm wide. The involucre consists of 2 to 3 sets of oval bracts.
Flower
Each capitulum has a few ligulate female yellow flowers, surrounding some tubulate hermaphrodite flowers of the same color. The 4 or 5 external flowers have short ligule, 2 to 3 mm, with 3 tines. The 6 to 10 internal flowers have a corolla in tube, 2 mm long.
Fruit
The fruit is an obovate to ellipsoid achene, 3 to 4 mm long and 1.4 mm wide for the outer flowers and 1 mm for internal flowers. It is biconvex, flattened, gray in color. The achene of ray florets is surrounded by a ring of strong flat cornate tines. The achene of tabulate flowers is topped only with 2 to 4 filiform, pubescent and golden tines, 3 to 4 mm long.
Wiktrop
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| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Life cycle
Annual
Brazil: Synedrella nodiflora develops during the warmer months. Its development cycle is 130 to 150 days.
China: Synedrella nodiflora flowers and fruits all year round.
Mayotte: Synedrella nodiflora flowers and fruits all year round.
Nicaragua: S. nodiflora flowers and fruits from July to October.
West Indies: Synedrella nodiflora flowers and fruits almost all year round.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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Reproduction
Synedrella nodiflora is an annual species that reproduces by seeds dispersed by wind, animals and clothes.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
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| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
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Morphology
Growth form
Erected
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf type
Simple
Type of prefoliation
Leaf ratio medium
Equality of opposite leaves
Opposite leaves equal
Latex
Without latex
Stem section
Square
Root type
Taproot
Hollow or solid stem
Solid stem
Stipule type
Collar stipule
Leaf attachment type
with petiole
Fruit type
Achene
Achene type
Achene with scales
Achene with bristles pappus
Cotyledon type
orbicular
oblong
Lamina base
attenuate
Lamina margin
denticulate
dentate-crenate
Lamina apex
acute
acuminate
Upperface pilosity
Less hairy
Dense hairy
Upperface hair type
Pubescent
Lowerface pilosity
Dense hairy
Less hairy
Simple leaf type
Lamina elliptic
Lamina section
embossed
Lamina Veination
3 opposite at the basis
Flower color
Yellow
Inflorescence type
Capitule with tubular and ligulate flowers
Stem pilosity
Dense hairy
Stem hair type
Pubescent
Life form
Broadleaf plant
Ecology
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Synedrella nodiflora thrives in all disturbed tropical and subtropical habitats where there is sufficient soil moisture. It thrives where there is abundant soil and air moisture (but not soil saturation), grows in a very wide range of soils (although it is favoured by high organic matter and good fertility) and, because of its very short life cycle, can tolerate most types of cultivation. Although it can grow in full sun, this species prefers light or light shade.
Brazil: Synedrella nodiflora is a native species that thrives in fertile soils with good moisture and tolerates some shade.
Central Africa: Synedrella nodiflora grows in ruderal areas, crops, fallow land, pastures, roadsides, degraded savannahs and forests, clearings; from 350 to 1250 in altitude.
China: Synedrella nodiflora is an exotic species that thrives in cultivated fields, ruderal environments and roadsides.
Madagascar: Rare species ocurring in the northen part of the island.
Mauritius: Synedrella nodiflora species is uncommon on the island. It is a weed of crops and ruderal species in vacant lots and along roadsides.
Mayotte: Synedrella nodiflora is commonly naturalized in wet and open habitats of hygrophilous and mesophilous regions, edges of water bodies, crops, ditches and along paths.
New Caledonia: It grows in moist places and forest hedge.
Nicaragua: Abundant in disturbed environments throughout the country at altitudes of 50 to 700 m.
Panama: A common species of low-lying disturbed areas, found in towns, fields and roadsides.
Reunion: It grows well in moist forest areas where the soil is heavy but draining. It adapts to numerous ecological situations but prefers rich soil. It is abundant in burned crops, in abandoned places and in cultures. It is mainly present in the east and south of the island.
Seychelles: In clearings and in abandoned places. It is rarely abundant.
West Indies: Synedrella nodiflora is a native ruderal, anthropophilic and nitrophilic species. It is a weed of crops. It grows at altitudes of 0 to 650 m.
Central Africa: Synedrella nodiflora grows in ruderal areas, crops, fallow land, pastures, roadsides, degraded savannahs and forests, clearings; from 350 to 1250 in altitude.
China: Synedrella nodiflora is an exotic species that thrives in cultivated fields, ruderal environments and roadsides.
Madagascar: Rare species ocurring in the northen part of the island.
Mauritius: Synedrella nodiflora species is uncommon on the island. It is a weed of crops and ruderal species in vacant lots and along roadsides.
Mayotte: Synedrella nodiflora is commonly naturalized in wet and open habitats of hygrophilous and mesophilous regions, edges of water bodies, crops, ditches and along paths.
New Caledonia: It grows in moist places and forest hedge.
Nicaragua: Abundant in disturbed environments throughout the country at altitudes of 50 to 700 m.
Panama: A common species of low-lying disturbed areas, found in towns, fields and roadsides.
Reunion: It grows well in moist forest areas where the soil is heavy but draining. It adapts to numerous ecological situations but prefers rich soil. It is abundant in burned crops, in abandoned places and in cultures. It is mainly present in the east and south of the island.
Seychelles: In clearings and in abandoned places. It is rarely abundant.
West Indies: Synedrella nodiflora is a native ruderal, anthropophilic and nitrophilic species. It is a weed of crops. It grows at altitudes of 0 to 650 m.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Description
Geographical distibution
Reunion Island
Mauritius
Seychelles
Origin
Synedrella nodiflora is native to tropical humid Americas.Worldwide distribution
Distributed worlwide in all tropical areas: Africa, Asia, Oceania, Madagascar and India. In the Indian Ocean and Pacific islands.
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| Attributions | dummy |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
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Local harmfulness
Benin: Synedrella nodiflora is a rare and scarce species in paddy fields.
Brazil: Synedrella nodiflora is an invasive weed in certain perennial crops such as coffee, where it finds limited sunlight.
Burkina Faso: Frequent and scarce.
Ivory Coast: Rare and scarce.
Madagascar: Rare weed..
Mauritius: very rare weed in crops.
Nigeria: Rare and scarce.
New Caledonia: Synedrella nodiflora is infrequent in pastures which makes it a secundary weed.
Reunion: S. nodiflora is a weed of minor importance, it is generally present in less than 10% of plots and is never abundant. Yet it is present in a large number of crops (sugar cane, vegetables, pineapple, fruit growing). But it is easy to weed because of its superficial root system.
Senegal: Rare and scarce.
Seychelles: Low harmfulness.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Management
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Global control
For weeding advice broadleaf annual weeds of irrigated rice and lowland in Africa, visit: http://portal.wikwio.org/document/show/19
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
References
- Akobundu I.O.,Agyakwa C.W (1998): a Handbook of West African Weeds. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. 188p.
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 487 p.
- Johnson, DE 1997. Weeds in rice in West Africa. WARDA / WARDA, Bouake, Ivory Coast. 198p
- Suptotthita C. & Sobhan kr. M. (2005). Comparative morpho - anatomical study of some aspect in Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Sch.- bip. and Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae). Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India. J. Econ. Tuxon. But. Vol. 2.9 No. 2.
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice. Cédérom. Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:252024-1
- EPPO https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/SYDNO
- The World Flora Online https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000075384
- Flora of China http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200024572
- CABI https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.52325
- Fournet, J. (2002). Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Montpellier, France, Cirad, Gondwana éditions.
- Kissmann, K. G. and D. Groth (1995). Plantas Infestantes e Nocivas. Sao Paulo.
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cédérom. Montpellier, France, Cirad ed.
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/52325
- Blanfort, V., F. Desmoulins, J. Prosperi, T. Le Bourgeois, R. Guiglion and P. Grard (2010). AdvenPaC V.1.0 : Adventices et plantes à conflit d'intérêt des Pâturages de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Montpellier, France, IAC, Cirad.http://idao.cirad.fr/applications
Information Listing > References
- Akobundu I.O.,Agyakwa C.W (1998): a Handbook of West African Weeds. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. 188p.
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 487 p.
- Johnson, DE 1997. Weeds in rice in West Africa. WARDA / WARDA, Bouake, Ivory Coast. 198p
- Suptotthita C. & Sobhan kr. M. (2005). Comparative morpho - anatomical study of some aspect in Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Sch.- bip. and Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae). Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India. J. Econ. Tuxon. But. Vol. 2.9 No. 2.
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice. Cédérom. Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:252024-1
- EPPO https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/SYDNO
- The World Flora Online https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000075384
- Flora of China http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200024572
- CABI https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.52325
- Fournet, J. (2002). Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Montpellier, France, Cirad, Gondwana éditions.
- Kissmann, K. G. and D. Groth (1995). Plantas Infestantes e Nocivas. Sao Paulo.
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cédérom. Montpellier, France, Cirad ed.
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/52325
- Blanfort, V., F. Desmoulins, J. Prosperi, T. Le Bourgeois, R. Guiglion and P. Grard (2010). AdvenPaC V.1.0 : Adventices et plantes à conflit d'intérêt des Pâturages de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Montpellier, France, IAC, Cirad.http://idao.cirad.fr/applications
Etude floristique et phytoécologique des adventices des complexes sucriers de Ferké 1 et 2, de Borotou-Koro et de Zuenoula, en Côte d'Ivoire
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Thomas Le BourgeoisClé d'identification des graines des principales adventices de La Réunion. Version 1 - 55 espèces
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MP
Marnotte PascalImages
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Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Synedrella%2520nodiflora
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Asterales |
| Family | Asteraceae |
| Genus | Synedrella |
| Species | Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
