Code
ERAJA
Growth form
Grass
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
Marshland
ERAJA
Growth form
Grass
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
Marshland
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Eragrostis namaquensis Nees ex Schrad. |
🗒 Common Names
| Malagasy |
|
📚 Overview
Description
Global description
Eragrostis japonica is an annual herb in loose clumps, very variable in size, from 10 cm to 1.5 m high, with a humidity requirement for development. The thatch are glabrous, erect, simple or rarely branched at the nodes. The leaves have glabrous sheath, flat blade or with a slightly wound margin, linear, of variable length. The inflorescences are loose panicles, oblong in shape, often reddish, 5 to 50 cm long and 1.5 to 10 cm wide. The small spikelets with short stalks and quite densely grouped are easily disarticulated.
General habit
Loosely tufted annual grass of very variable size from 10 cm to 1.5 m high.
Underground system
Dense fibrous roots.
Culm
The culm is glabrous, erect, hollow and soft, simple or rarely branched at the nodes.
Leaf
The leaves are simple, alternate. They have a glabrous sheath, a flat lamina or with slightly rolled, scabrous, linear margin of variable length, can reach up to 30 cm long and 3 to 6 mm wide; ligule is represented by a short truncated membrane, about 0.5 mm high, ciliated at its top.
Inflorescence
The inflorescences are loose panicles, oblong in shape, or more or less contracted, often reddish, 5 to 50 cm long and 1.5 to 10 cm wide; the ramifications are solitary, or more or less close to sub-verticilliate briefly stalked, erect and applied against the axis or more or less obliquely spreading.
Spikelet
The spikelets are small, quite densely grouped, with short pedicel, usually shorter than the spikelets themselves. They are elliptic to oblong, 1.5 to 3 mm long, comprising of 3 to 8 flowers (often 4 or 5 flowers) with very fragile rachis that disarticulate between flowers from the top, with persisting glume, unequal to subequal, oblong, uninervate, keeled, obtuse or notched at the top: lower glumes,0.5 to 0.6 mm long, upper glumes 0.7 to 0.8 mm, lemma of the same shape as the glumes, 0.8 to 1 mm long, with 3 protruding ribs, smooth, bicarinated palea, slightly shorter than the lemma; 2 stamens.
Fruit
The grain is very small, oblong, about 0.4 mm long, smooth, brown in colour.
Eragrostis japonica is an annual herb in loose clumps, very variable in size, from 10 cm to 1.5 m high, with a humidity requirement for development. The thatch are glabrous, erect, simple or rarely branched at the nodes. The leaves have glabrous sheath, flat blade or with a slightly wound margin, linear, of variable length. The inflorescences are loose panicles, oblong in shape, often reddish, 5 to 50 cm long and 1.5 to 10 cm wide. The small spikelets with short stalks and quite densely grouped are easily disarticulated.
General habit
Loosely tufted annual grass of very variable size from 10 cm to 1.5 m high.
Underground system
Dense fibrous roots.
Culm
The culm is glabrous, erect, hollow and soft, simple or rarely branched at the nodes.
Leaf
The leaves are simple, alternate. They have a glabrous sheath, a flat lamina or with slightly rolled, scabrous, linear margin of variable length, can reach up to 30 cm long and 3 to 6 mm wide; ligule is represented by a short truncated membrane, about 0.5 mm high, ciliated at its top.
Inflorescence
The inflorescences are loose panicles, oblong in shape, or more or less contracted, often reddish, 5 to 50 cm long and 1.5 to 10 cm wide; the ramifications are solitary, or more or less close to sub-verticilliate briefly stalked, erect and applied against the axis or more or less obliquely spreading.
Spikelet
The spikelets are small, quite densely grouped, with short pedicel, usually shorter than the spikelets themselves. They are elliptic to oblong, 1.5 to 3 mm long, comprising of 3 to 8 flowers (often 4 or 5 flowers) with very fragile rachis that disarticulate between flowers from the top, with persisting glume, unequal to subequal, oblong, uninervate, keeled, obtuse or notched at the top: lower glumes,0.5 to 0.6 mm long, upper glumes 0.7 to 0.8 mm, lemma of the same shape as the glumes, 0.8 to 1 mm long, with 3 protruding ribs, smooth, bicarinated palea, slightly shorter than the lemma; 2 stamens.
Fruit
The grain is very small, oblong, about 0.4 mm long, smooth, brown in colour.
Wiktrop
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| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Life cycle
Annual
South Africa: Eragrostis japonica flowers throughout the year with a maximum from March to May
Madagascar: Eragrostis japonica can be a weed species in rainy season or in flood recession season; it can bloom from March to July.
Madagascar: Eragrostis japonica can be a weed species in rainy season or in flood recession season; it can bloom from March to July.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Morphology
Growth form
Tuft plant with narrow leaves
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf type
Grass or grass-like
Grass-like leaf type
Grass leaf
Type of prefoliation
Rolled leaf
Latex
Without latex
Stem section
Round
Root type
Rhizome
Fibrous roots
Hollow or solid stem
Hollow stem
Stipule type
No stipule
Leaf attachment type
with graminate sheathing
with graminate sheathing and hair
Fruit type
Grain of grasses
Lamina base
sheathing grass-like broader
Lamina margin
scabrous
Lamina apex
attenuate
Upperface pilosity
Less hairy
Upperface hair type
Scabrous
Long
Lowerface pilosity
Glabrous
Simple leaf type
Lamina linear
Lamina section
flat
folded
Lamina Veination
Parallel
Flower color
Green
Inflorescence type
Panicle
Stem pilosity
Glabrous
Life form
Grass
Look Alikes
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Eragrostis japonica differs from other species of Eragrostis by its membranous ligule and flowers with two stamens.
Criteria for identifying some Eragrostis at the vegetative stage (see Le Bourgeois and Kamga-Tchayé 1991)
1 Presence of many sticky glands on the sheath - E. viscosa
1' Absence of sticky glands on the sheath:
2 Periligular zone glabrous:
3 Ligule 0.7 mm, membranous, truncate barely ciliated at the apex; glabrous sheath; glabrous lamina, banded, 3 to 5 mm wide - E. namaquensis
3' Ligule membrano-ciliate 0.3 mm; glabrous sheath; ciliate margin and base (hair white 2-3 mm) - E. gangetica
2' Tufts of developed periligular hairs:
4 Ligule = 0.3 mm:
5 Short and stiff periligular hairs from 1 to 1.5 mm; ciliated ligule - E. turgida
5' Silky, well-developed periligular hairs of 3-4 mm; membrane-ciliated ligule:
6 Glabrous sheath and limb - E. pilosa
6' Long white hairs 3-4 mm at the base and on the margin of the limb, limb green-blue; ligule very slightly membranous - E. tremula
4' Ligule 0.7 to 1 mm, ciliate, usually doubled by a second line of longer hairs:
7 Very long periligular hairs with mustaches of 5 to 7 mm; ciliated ligule lined with a 2nd row of long hair 3-4 mm - E. aspera
7' Periligular hairs developed but with a length of 2 to 5 mm:
8 Ciliated ligule lined with a second row of long hairs; densely hairy sheath - E. ciliaris
8' Ciliated ligule not lined with a second row of hairs; limb glabrous at the base ; margin with few hairs; glabrous sheath - E. cilianensis
Criteria for identifying some Eragrostis at the vegetative stage (see Le Bourgeois and Kamga-Tchayé 1991)
1 Presence of many sticky glands on the sheath - E. viscosa
1' Absence of sticky glands on the sheath:
2 Periligular zone glabrous:
3 Ligule 0.7 mm, membranous, truncate barely ciliated at the apex; glabrous sheath; glabrous lamina, banded, 3 to 5 mm wide - E. namaquensis
3' Ligule membrano-ciliate 0.3 mm; glabrous sheath; ciliate margin and base (hair white 2-3 mm) - E. gangetica
2' Tufts of developed periligular hairs:
4 Ligule = 0.3 mm:
5 Short and stiff periligular hairs from 1 to 1.5 mm; ciliated ligule - E. turgida
5' Silky, well-developed periligular hairs of 3-4 mm; membrane-ciliated ligule:
6 Glabrous sheath and limb - E. pilosa
6' Long white hairs 3-4 mm at the base and on the margin of the limb, limb green-blue; ligule very slightly membranous - E. tremula
4' Ligule 0.7 to 1 mm, ciliate, usually doubled by a second line of longer hairs:
7 Very long periligular hairs with mustaches of 5 to 7 mm; ciliated ligule lined with a 2nd row of long hair 3-4 mm - E. aspera
7' Periligular hairs developed but with a length of 2 to 5 mm:
8 Ciliated ligule lined with a second row of long hairs; densely hairy sheath - E. ciliaris
8' Ciliated ligule not lined with a second row of hairs; limb glabrous at the base ; margin with few hairs; glabrous sheath - E. cilianensis
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Ecology
South Africa: Species always near water bodies, in sandy or clay soils. It grows in the savannah, the prairies, the Nama karoo and desert.
Ivory Coast: Species widespread in the woody savannah area but is never abundant. It is characteristic of waterlogged soils and is found on the bank of rivers, on the edge of ponds and in floodplains as well as in cultures.
Madagascar: Eragrostis japonica grows on alluvial soils, ferruginous with temporary hydromorphic rich soils, in sunny places.
It is a weed of flood recession crops, on the banks of canals and water bodies, on the edge of cultivations and in recent fallow, on roadsides or in temporary pools in sub humid areas of low to medium altitude. It occurs in flood recession semi-intensive crop systems of cotton, cowpea or maize; in rainfed rice crops in flooded plains of Northwest and Western (sub humid of low altitude).
Niger: Species characteristic of sandy soils well supplied with water from the Sudano-Sahelian and Sahelian zones. It occurs on the banks of rivers, on the edge of ponds and crops. It is common in large plains spread with manure of the western sub-desert region where it is present the sandy clay soil.
Zimbabwe: Species of savannas and grasslands on the edge of rivers and in humid lowlands, on the regularly flooded soils. It is found as a weed of flood recession crops, in fallow fields and along irrigation canals at the sea level up to 1800 m altitude.
Ivory Coast: Species widespread in the woody savannah area but is never abundant. It is characteristic of waterlogged soils and is found on the bank of rivers, on the edge of ponds and in floodplains as well as in cultures.
Madagascar: Eragrostis japonica grows on alluvial soils, ferruginous with temporary hydromorphic rich soils, in sunny places.
It is a weed of flood recession crops, on the banks of canals and water bodies, on the edge of cultivations and in recent fallow, on roadsides or in temporary pools in sub humid areas of low to medium altitude. It occurs in flood recession semi-intensive crop systems of cotton, cowpea or maize; in rainfed rice crops in flooded plains of Northwest and Western (sub humid of low altitude).
Niger: Species characteristic of sandy soils well supplied with water from the Sudano-Sahelian and Sahelian zones. It occurs on the banks of rivers, on the edge of ponds and crops. It is common in large plains spread with manure of the western sub-desert region where it is present the sandy clay soil.
Zimbabwe: Species of savannas and grasslands on the edge of rivers and in humid lowlands, on the regularly flooded soils. It is found as a weed of flood recession crops, in fallow fields and along irrigation canals at the sea level up to 1800 m altitude.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Marshland
Worldwide distribution
Eragrostis japonica is present in Central and South America, Southern USA, Eastern Europe, Tropical and Southern Africa, Southern Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Madagascar, India and Pakistan, China, Southeast Asia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia , Australia.
Eragrostis japonica is present in Central and South America, Southern USA, Eastern Europe, Tropical and Southern Africa, Southern Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Madagascar, India and Pakistan, China, Southeast Asia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia , Australia.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Local harmfulness
Madagascar: Eragrostis japonica is a weed relatively infrequent but locally abundant when present. It does not present particular difficulties for farmers, except in the case of an extremely dense population on alluvial clay. It is locally abundant and characteristic of seasonally flood growing areas of the West and Northwest plains, like flood recession crops of rice, cowpea and cotton.
Madagascar: Eragrostis japonica is a weed relatively infrequent but locally abundant when present. It does not present particular difficulties for farmers, except in the case of an extremely dense population on alluvial clay. It is locally abundant and characteristic of seasonally flood growing areas of the West and Northwest plains, like flood recession crops of rice, cowpea and cotton.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
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Livestock feed: In Madagascar, Eragrostis japonica is used as fodder in the dry season in the alluvial plains while in Ivory Coast and Niger it is not used as forage.
Others: The culms are used for making roofs, to make brooms, braiding ropes and weave fine mats (Niger).
Others: The culms are used for making roofs, to make brooms, braiding ropes and weave fine mats (Niger).
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Management
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Local control
Madagascar: In the north-west of Madagascar, farmers control Eragrostis japonica by manual weeding with angady.
Madagascar: In the north-west of Madagascar, farmers control Eragrostis japonica by manual weeding with angady.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
References
- https://plants.jstor.org/compilation/eragrostis.namaquensis
- BOSSER J. 1969 – LES GRAMINEES DES PATURAGES ET DES CULTURES A MADAGASCAR Mémoire ORSTOM N°35 ORSTOM, Paris, p 140-141.
- MOODY K., 1989 –Weeds reported in Rice in South and Southeast Asia. IRRI, Los Banös Philippines, 442 p.
- Poilecot, P. (1995). Les Poaceae de Côte-d'Ivoire. Genève, Suisse, Conservatoire et jardin botaniques de Genève.
- Gibbs Russell, G. E., L. Watson, M. Koekemoer, L. Smook, N. P. Barker, H. M. Anderson and M. J. Dallwitz (1991). Grasses of Southern Africa. An identification manual with keys, descriptions, distributions, classification and automated identification and information retrieval from computerized data. South Africa, National Botanic Garden - Botanical research Institute.
- Poilecot, P. (2007). Eragrostis species of Zimbabwe. Montpellier, France, Quae ed.
- Poilecot, P. (1999). Les Poaceae du Niger. Genève, Suisse, Conservatoire et jardin botaniques de Genève.
- Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html. [accessed 08 January 2020]
- Radanachaless T., Maxwell J. F. 1994. Weeds of soybean fields in Thailand. Multiple Cropping Center Publications. Thailand.
Information Listing > References
- https://plants.jstor.org/compilation/eragrostis.namaquensis
- BOSSER J. 1969 – LES GRAMINEES DES PATURAGES ET DES CULTURES A MADAGASCAR Mémoire ORSTOM N°35 ORSTOM, Paris, p 140-141.
- MOODY K., 1989 –Weeds reported in Rice in South and Southeast Asia. IRRI, Los Banös Philippines, 442 p.
- Poilecot, P. (1995). Les Poaceae de Côte-d'Ivoire. Genève, Suisse, Conservatoire et jardin botaniques de Genève.
- Gibbs Russell, G. E., L. Watson, M. Koekemoer, L. Smook, N. P. Barker, H. M. Anderson and M. J. Dallwitz (1991). Grasses of Southern Africa. An identification manual with keys, descriptions, distributions, classification and automated identification and information retrieval from computerized data. South Africa, National Botanic Garden - Botanical research Institute.
- Poilecot, P. (2007). Eragrostis species of Zimbabwe. Montpellier, France, Quae ed.
- Poilecot, P. (1999). Les Poaceae du Niger. Genève, Suisse, Conservatoire et jardin botaniques de Genève.
- Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html. [accessed 08 January 2020]
- Radanachaless T., Maxwell J. F. 1994. Weeds of soybean fields in Thailand. Multiple Cropping Center Publications. Thailand.
Images
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Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Eragrostis%2520japonica
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Liliopsida |
| Order | Poales |
| Family | Poaceae |
| Genus | Eragrostis |
| Species | Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
