Code
CLJAM
Growth form
Broad leaf
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
Terrestrial
CLJAM
Growth form
Broad leaf
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
Terrestrial
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Anthemis americana L. |
| synonym | Bidens apiifolia L. |
| synonym | Chrysanthellina fasciculata Cass. |
| synonym | Chrysanthellina gracilis Cass. |
| synonym | Chrysanthellina swartzii Cass. |
| synonym | Chrysanthellum americanum (L.) Hitchc. |
| synonym | Chrysanthellum americanum var. americanum |
| synonym | Chrysanthellum procumbens (L.) A.Rich. |
| synonym | Chrysanthellum procumbens Rich. ex Pers. |
| synonym | Chrysanthellum swartzii (Cass.) DC. |
| synonym | Collaea procumbens (L.) Spreng. |
| synonym | Sebastiania heterophylla Bertol. |
| synonym | Verbesina mutica L. |
🗒 Common Names
| Spanish; Castilian |
|
📚 Overview
Description
Global description
Chrysantellum americanum is an erect or decumbent tuft. It is hairless and has deeply divided alternate leaves. Its flowers are assembled in many terminal flower heads, long stalked and yellow in color. The achenes are flat, without tip at the top, dark in color with a green margin.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are elliptical, with a rounded tip and an attenuated base in a short petiole. They are hairless and 10 mm long.
First leaves
The first leaves are alternate and sessile. They are simple, but the lamina is deeply divided, almost to the midrib, into many lateral segments.
General habit
Chrysantellum americanum has a generally erect habit, although it is often decumbent because the numerous radiating branches, starting from the base, give a tufted aspect spread on the ground before straightening at the ends. It rarely exceeds 10 to 25 cm in height.
Underground system
The root consists of a taproot with fine secondary roots.
Stem
The stem is quadrangular and solid. It is glabrous and marked with fine longitudinal striae.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and alternate. They are sessile, but the lamina is attenuated into a pseudo-petiole more or less long, which makes the leaves look stalked. The limb is divided up to the midrib into 3 segments. Each primary segment can itself be divided into 3 segments at the top. Segments are oblong to lanceolate, apiculate at the apex. Both sides are glabrous.
Inflorescence
The flowers are assembled in small terminal capitules, long pedunculated. These many flower heads are 3 to 4 mm in diameter. They are surrounded by an involucre of bracts, arranged on 1 or 2 rows. The bracts, 4 mm long, are lanceolate, at the rounded tip and have a white, papery margin.
Flower
The capitules have on the periphery 8 to 12 female ligulate flowers, having a short trilobal ligule, and in the center, numerous tubular flowers bisexual.
Fruit
The fruits are flat achenes, measuring 3 mm high and 1 mm wide. They are dark in color, oblanceolate and truncate at the apex. They have a cartilaginous margin, green, edged with stiff hairs.
Chrysantellum americanum is an erect or decumbent tuft. It is hairless and has deeply divided alternate leaves. Its flowers are assembled in many terminal flower heads, long stalked and yellow in color. The achenes are flat, without tip at the top, dark in color with a green margin.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are elliptical, with a rounded tip and an attenuated base in a short petiole. They are hairless and 10 mm long.
First leaves
The first leaves are alternate and sessile. They are simple, but the lamina is deeply divided, almost to the midrib, into many lateral segments.
General habit
Chrysantellum americanum has a generally erect habit, although it is often decumbent because the numerous radiating branches, starting from the base, give a tufted aspect spread on the ground before straightening at the ends. It rarely exceeds 10 to 25 cm in height.
Underground system
The root consists of a taproot with fine secondary roots.
Stem
The stem is quadrangular and solid. It is glabrous and marked with fine longitudinal striae.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and alternate. They are sessile, but the lamina is attenuated into a pseudo-petiole more or less long, which makes the leaves look stalked. The limb is divided up to the midrib into 3 segments. Each primary segment can itself be divided into 3 segments at the top. Segments are oblong to lanceolate, apiculate at the apex. Both sides are glabrous.
Inflorescence
The flowers are assembled in small terminal capitules, long pedunculated. These many flower heads are 3 to 4 mm in diameter. They are surrounded by an involucre of bracts, arranged on 1 or 2 rows. The bracts, 4 mm long, are lanceolate, at the rounded tip and have a white, papery margin.
Flower
The capitules have on the periphery 8 to 12 female ligulate flowers, having a short trilobal ligule, and in the center, numerous tubular flowers bisexual.
Fruit
The fruits are flat achenes, measuring 3 mm high and 1 mm wide. They are dark in color, oblanceolate and truncate at the apex. They have a cartilaginous margin, green, edged with stiff hairs.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
North Cameroon: Chrysantellum americanum occurs throughout the rainy season. Germination begins with the arrival of the first significant rains in May. This phase lasts 2 to 3 weeks. After each tillage operation, new surveys are carried out for 1 to 2 weeks. The first blooms occur very quickly, after 1 to 2 weeks of vegetation. In 4 weeks, a complete cycle can be accomplished, from germination to seed production. This rapid development takes place especially at the beginning of the cropping season and allows the plant to ensure its reproduction, in the case of late weeding. At the end of the growing season, with the shortening of the photoperiod, the cycle of the plant takes place over a longer period of 7 to 8 weeks. The plant disappears in October-November, after drying out at the beginning of the dry season. It can be maintained in the humid lowlands, as long as the presence of the water table ensures the supply of water.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Ecology
Northern Cameroon: In the Sudanian regions, with an annual rainfall of over 1300 mm, Chrysantellum americanum is very common on well-structured ferruginous soils, especially in lateritic cuirass outcrops and on planosols. On the other hand, in the drier region, it develops mainly on heavy soils, very clayey, whose surface horizon is stony, like the fersialitic soils or on the vertisols and the soils with hydromorphic tendency. It is very rare on soils whose superficial horizon is degraded and sandy. It is a good indicator species of well-structured and fertile soil.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Origin
Chrysanthellum americanum is native to Central America and the Caribbean.
Worldwide distribution
Chrysanthellum americanum is widespread in tropical Africa (Cameroon, Congo, Mali, Mazambique, Senegal), although not very common by the sea, and in India.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Local harmfulness
North Cameroon: Chrysantellum americanum is present in 20% of cultivated plots. This species is considered a regional weed whose presence is related to the nature of the soil.
North Cameroon: Chrysantellum americanum is present in 20% of cultivated plots. This species is considered a regional weed whose presence is related to the nature of the soil.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
References
- Holm L. G., Plucknett D. L., Pancho J. V. & Herberger J. P., 1977. The World's Worst Weeds : Distribution and Biologie. East-West Center, University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, 609p.
- Akobundu I.O. & Agyakwa C.W., 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale. Ibadan, Nigeria, 521p.
- Ivens G. W., Moody K. & Egunjobi J. K., 1978. West African Weeds. Oxford University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 255p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1958. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. I part. 2. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 828p.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Le Bourgeois, T. and H. Merlier (1995). Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad. 637 p.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
- Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30046580-2
- The World Flora Online https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000033997
Information Listing > References
- Holm L. G., Plucknett D. L., Pancho J. V. & Herberger J. P., 1977. The World's Worst Weeds : Distribution and Biologie. East-West Center, University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, 609p.
- Akobundu I.O. & Agyakwa C.W., 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale. Ibadan, Nigeria, 521p.
- Ivens G. W., Moody K. & Egunjobi J. K., 1978. West African Weeds. Oxford University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 255p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1958. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. I part. 2. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 828p.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Le Bourgeois, T. and H. Merlier (1995). Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad. 637 p.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
- Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30046580-2
- The World Flora Online https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000033997
Images
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Chrysanthellum%2520americanum
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Asterales |
| Family | Asteraceae |
| Genus | Chrysanthellum |
| Species | Chrysanthellum americanum (L.) Vatke |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
