Code
PEPBI
Growth form
Broadleaf
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
Marshland
PEPBI
Growth form
Broadleaf
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
Marshland
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Dianthera bicalyculata Retz. |
| synonym | Dianthera bifida Moench |
| synonym | Dianthera malabarica L. fil. |
| synonym | Dianthera paniculata Forssk. |
| synonym | Dianthera rugosa Perr. ex Nees |
| synonym | Dicliptera bicalyculata Kostel. |
| synonym | Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt |
| synonym | Dicliptera paniculata var. rivinoides (C. B. Cl.) Karthik. & Moorthy |
| synonym | Justicia bicalyculata (Retz.) Vahl |
| synonym | Justicia ligulata Lam. |
| synonym | Justicia malabarica (L. fil.) Soland. |
| synonym | Justicia ruderalis Russ. ex Steud. |
| synonym | Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz.) Nees |
| synonym | Peristrophe bicalyculata var. rivinoides C. B. Cl. |
| synonym | Peristrophe dewevrei Wildem. & Th. Dur. |
| synonym | Peristrophe doriae Terrac. |
| synonym | Peristrophe kotschyana Nees |
| synonym | Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk.) R.K. Brummitt |
| synonym | Peristrophe rivinoides Wall. |
| synonym | Peristrophe schimperiana Hochst. ex Nees |
| synonym | Ruellia paniculata (Forssk.) C.B.Clarke |
🗒 Common Names
| No Data |
📚 Overview
Description
Global description
Dicliptera paniculata is an upright and branched species with simple and opposite leaves. The stem is very angular with 6 sharp hispidulous ribs. The inflorescences are loose panicles of purple flowers with 2 lips. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule containing 4 seeds.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are borne by a petiole of 5 mm. The blade is obovate, 10 mm long and 6 mm wide.
First leaves
The first leaves are simple and opposite. They appear 3 to 5 cm above the cotyledons. They are borne by a petiole of 5 mm. The limb is lanceolate; it is 3 cm long and 1 cm wide. The top is in the corner.
General habit
The port is erected. The plant is abundantly branched. It can reach 1 to 1.20 m high.
Underground system
The root is a taproot.
Stem
The stem is polygonal and solid. It has 6 well marked longitudinal ribs, dotted with long white hairs multicellular.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and opposite. The petiole is 10 to 30 mm long. The blade is lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm long and 2 to 4 cm wide. The top and the base are cunate. The margin is entire. Five to seven arched veins are visible. Both sides of the limb are dotted with long, white, multicellular hairs.
Inflorescence
The flowers are assembled in loose terminal panicles, long pedicellate (5 to 10 mm).
Flower
Each flower is inserted between two linear bracts, the anterior is short (7 mm), matching the tube of the corolla, the posterior is long (13 mm), equaling the total length of the flower and having a scabrous central vein. The calyx is composed of 4 linear sepals 7 to 8 mm long, surrounding the tube of the corolla. The corolla is asymmetrical and 15 mm long. It consists of petals welded into a tube 7 to 8 mm long and separated into two lips. The anterior lip is horizontal; the posterior lip is upright and ends in two lobes. The flowers are purple, sometimes white.
Fruit
The fruits are dehiscent capsules 10 mm long. They consist of 2 boxes each containing 2 seeds. The outer tegument is pubescent.
Seed
The seeds are black lenticular. They measure 2.5 mm in diameter. Their surface is finely reticulated and usually covered with small white vermicles.
Dicliptera paniculata is an upright and branched species with simple and opposite leaves. The stem is very angular with 6 sharp hispidulous ribs. The inflorescences are loose panicles of purple flowers with 2 lips. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule containing 4 seeds.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are borne by a petiole of 5 mm. The blade is obovate, 10 mm long and 6 mm wide.
First leaves
The first leaves are simple and opposite. They appear 3 to 5 cm above the cotyledons. They are borne by a petiole of 5 mm. The limb is lanceolate; it is 3 cm long and 1 cm wide. The top is in the corner.
General habit
The port is erected. The plant is abundantly branched. It can reach 1 to 1.20 m high.
Underground system
The root is a taproot.
Stem
The stem is polygonal and solid. It has 6 well marked longitudinal ribs, dotted with long white hairs multicellular.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and opposite. The petiole is 10 to 30 mm long. The blade is lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm long and 2 to 4 cm wide. The top and the base are cunate. The margin is entire. Five to seven arched veins are visible. Both sides of the limb are dotted with long, white, multicellular hairs.
Inflorescence
The flowers are assembled in loose terminal panicles, long pedicellate (5 to 10 mm).
Flower
Each flower is inserted between two linear bracts, the anterior is short (7 mm), matching the tube of the corolla, the posterior is long (13 mm), equaling the total length of the flower and having a scabrous central vein. The calyx is composed of 4 linear sepals 7 to 8 mm long, surrounding the tube of the corolla. The corolla is asymmetrical and 15 mm long. It consists of petals welded into a tube 7 to 8 mm long and separated into two lips. The anterior lip is horizontal; the posterior lip is upright and ends in two lobes. The flowers are purple, sometimes white.
Fruit
The fruits are dehiscent capsules 10 mm long. They consist of 2 boxes each containing 2 seeds. The outer tegument is pubescent.
Seed
The seeds are black lenticular. They measure 2.5 mm in diameter. Their surface is finely reticulated and usually covered with small white vermicles.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Northern Cameroon: Dicliptera paniculata is present throughout the rainy season, but more common in the middle and end of the crop cycle. Germination begins in June when rains are abundant and regular. Flowering occurs from August. Fruiting occurs at the beginning of the dry season. The plant is maintained until January or February insofar as the soil remains sufficiently moist.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Ecology
Northern Cameroon: Dicliptera paniculata is a typical species of lowland soils and clay to sandy loam soils (alluvium, fersialitic soils, vertic soils). It does not have a significant climatic preference as long as the soil is sufficiently moist. It is a sciaphile species that grows ruderal protected from trees or hedgerows or weeds in the shade of crops.
South Africa: Dicliptera paniculata grows in open to dense forests, thickets and wooded meadows, often along riverbanks or lakeshores, frequently on disturbed soils.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Worldwide distribution
Dicliptera paniculata is a species found throughout tropical Africa from Mauritania to South Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, in India and throughout South East Asia.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Local harmfulness
Northern Cameroon: Dicliptera paniculata is a minor weed, present in 5 to 10% of cultivated plots. It is very rarely abundant.
Northern Cameroon: Dicliptera paniculata is a minor weed, present in 5 to 10% of cultivated plots. It is very rarely abundant.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
References
- Berhaut J., 1971. Flore illustrée du Sénégal. Tome 1. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 626 p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1963. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. II. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 544p.
- Le Bourgeois, T. and H. Merlier (1995). Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.637p.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77079550-1
- The Wolrd Flora Online http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000506990
Information Listing > References
- Berhaut J., 1971. Flore illustrée du Sénégal. Tome 1. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 626 p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1963. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. II. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 544p.
- Le Bourgeois, T. and H. Merlier (1995). Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.637p.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77079550-1
- The Wolrd Flora Online http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000506990
Images
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Dicliptera%2520verticillata
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Lamiales |
| Family | Acanthaceae |
| Genus | Dicliptera |
| Species | Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.) I. Darbysh |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
