Code
SHWAM
Growth form
Broadleaf
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
Terrestrial
SHWAM
Growth form
Broadleaf
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
Terrestrial
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Schwenckia angustifolia Benth. |
| synonym | Schwenckia guianensis Benth. |
| synonym | Schwenckia guineense Schum. & Thonn. |
🗒 Common Names
| No Data |
📚 Overview
Description
Global description
Schwenckia americana is an erect, finely pubescent plant with simple, alternate, petiolate leaves. The blade is oval, rounded at the top, attenuated base and margin entire. The flowers are assembled into a loose panicle. The calyx and the corolla are tube-shaped. The fruit is a capsule opening in 2 valves. The seeds are polyhedral.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are oval and subsessile. The blade is glabrous, long and 3 mm wide.
First leaves
The first leaves are simple and alternate. They are stalked. The blade is oval to elliptical, 1 to 2 cm long and 10 to 15 mm wide. It is marked with 2 or 3 pairs of lateral veins. The margin is entire. The stem and leaves are glabrous to finely pubescent.
General habit
Schwenckia americana is erect. The plant is moderately branched and is 30 to 60 cm tall.
Underground system
The root is a taproot.
Stem
The stem is cylindrical and solid. It is often subwoody at the base. She is finely pubescent.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and alternate. They are borne by a petiole 5-10 mm long. The blade is oval to elliptical, with rounded apex or wide wedge and at the base more or less attenuated. It is 3 to 4 cm long and 2 to 2.5 cm wide. The margin is entire, glabrous to finely pubescent. The blade is marked with 4 to 6 pairs of pinnate veins. Both sides are finely pubescent.
Inflorescence
The flowers are arranged in a loose panicle.
Flower
They are borne by a peduncle 5 mm long. The calyx, 3 mm long, is formed of 5 sepals welded in tube and ending with 5 short triangular teeth. The calyx is glabrous to finely pubescent. The corolla is formed of 5 petals welded into a tube, 8 mm long and terminated by 5 short lobes alternating with 5 rounded outgrowths. It is greenish in color. The 2 stamens are inserted into the corolla tube. The ovary includes 2 boxes with many eggs. It is surmounted by a long style, not exceeding the tube of the corolla.
Fruit
The fruit is a dehiscent capsule, almost globose, 4 mm in diameter, containing many seeds. At maturity, this capsule opens in 2 valves.
Seed
The seeds are polyhedral, with a diameter of 0.5 mm. The tegument is brown in color, finely alveolate.
Schwenckia americana is an erect, finely pubescent plant with simple, alternate, petiolate leaves. The blade is oval, rounded at the top, attenuated base and margin entire. The flowers are assembled into a loose panicle. The calyx and the corolla are tube-shaped. The fruit is a capsule opening in 2 valves. The seeds are polyhedral.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are oval and subsessile. The blade is glabrous, long and 3 mm wide.
First leaves
The first leaves are simple and alternate. They are stalked. The blade is oval to elliptical, 1 to 2 cm long and 10 to 15 mm wide. It is marked with 2 or 3 pairs of lateral veins. The margin is entire. The stem and leaves are glabrous to finely pubescent.
General habit
Schwenckia americana is erect. The plant is moderately branched and is 30 to 60 cm tall.
Underground system
The root is a taproot.
Stem
The stem is cylindrical and solid. It is often subwoody at the base. She is finely pubescent.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and alternate. They are borne by a petiole 5-10 mm long. The blade is oval to elliptical, with rounded apex or wide wedge and at the base more or less attenuated. It is 3 to 4 cm long and 2 to 2.5 cm wide. The margin is entire, glabrous to finely pubescent. The blade is marked with 4 to 6 pairs of pinnate veins. Both sides are finely pubescent.
Inflorescence
The flowers are arranged in a loose panicle.
Flower
They are borne by a peduncle 5 mm long. The calyx, 3 mm long, is formed of 5 sepals welded in tube and ending with 5 short triangular teeth. The calyx is glabrous to finely pubescent. The corolla is formed of 5 petals welded into a tube, 8 mm long and terminated by 5 short lobes alternating with 5 rounded outgrowths. It is greenish in color. The 2 stamens are inserted into the corolla tube. The ovary includes 2 boxes with many eggs. It is surmounted by a long style, not exceeding the tube of the corolla.
Fruit
The fruit is a dehiscent capsule, almost globose, 4 mm in diameter, containing many seeds. At maturity, this capsule opens in 2 valves.
Seed
The seeds are polyhedral, with a diameter of 0.5 mm. The tegument is brown in color, finely alveolate.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Northern Cameroon: Schwenckia americana is germinating from June to August. Flowering begins at the end of August, followed quickly by fruiting. The inflorescence panicle allows a flowering, a fructification and dissemination spread over time. These three phases end almost simultaneously with the dryness of the plant at the beginning of the dry season.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Ecology
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Northern Cameroon: Schwenckia americana develops from the Sahelo-Sudanian region to the Guinean region. This species is characteristic of degraded, low fertility soils with a sandy surface horizon, such as ferruginous soils degraded on sandstone or on lateritic basement. In Northern Cameroon, it is mainly present in the Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanian zones where these types of soils are frequent. It is a common weed in peanut culture, particularly practiced on sandy soils. It grows on old plots, and grown in a traditional way without adding mineral fertilizer and pre-emergent herbicide.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Worldwide distribution
Schwenkia americana is a widespread species in the tropical regions of America and Africa.
Schwenkia americana is a widespread species in the tropical regions of America and Africa.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
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Local harmfulness
Northern Cameroon: Schwenckia americana is a minor weed, occurring mainly in the Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanian zones where sandy soils are common. It appears in nearly 10% of cultivated plots but mostly in peanut crops. It is not abundant.
Northern Cameroon: Schwenckia americana is a minor weed, occurring mainly in the Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanian zones where sandy soils are common. It appears in nearly 10% of cultivated plots but mostly in peanut crops. It is not abundant.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
References
- Merlier H. & Montégut J., 1982. Adventices tropicales. ORSTOM-GERDAT-ENSH éd., Montpellier, France, 490p.
- Akobundu I.O. & Agyakwa C.W., 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale. Ibadan, Nigeria, 521p.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Ivens G. W., Moody K. & Egunjobi J. K., 1978. West African Weeds. Oxford University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 255p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1963. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. II. 2ème éd.. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 544p.
- Le Bourgeois, T. and H. Merlier (1995). Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.637p.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
Information Listing > References
- Merlier H. & Montégut J., 1982. Adventices tropicales. ORSTOM-GERDAT-ENSH éd., Montpellier, France, 490p.
- Akobundu I.O. & Agyakwa C.W., 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale. Ibadan, Nigeria, 521p.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Ivens G. W., Moody K. & Egunjobi J. K., 1978. West African Weeds. Oxford University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 255p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1963. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. II. 2ème éd.. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 544p.
- Le Bourgeois, T. and H. Merlier (1995). Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.637p.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
Images
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Schwenckia%2520americana
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Solanales |
| Family | Solanaceae |
| Genus | Schwenckia |
| Species | Schwenckia americana L. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
