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WIKTROP - Weed Identification and Knowledge in the Tropical and Mediterranean areas
WIKTROP - Weed Identification and Knowledge in the Tropical and Mediterranean areas
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Ammannia baccifera L.

Accepted
Ammannia baccifera L.
Ammannia baccifera L.
Ammannia baccifera L.
Ammannia baccifera L.
Ammannia baccifera L.
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🗒 Synonyms
synonymAmmannia aegyptiaca Willd.
synonymAmmannia attenuata Hochst. ex A. Rich.
synonymAmmannia baccifera Subf. contracta Koehne
synonymAmmannia baccifera subsp. aegyptiaca (Willd.) Koehne
synonymAmmannia baccifera subsp. intermedia Koehne
synonymAmmannia caspia Hohen.
synonymAmmannia caspica Bieb.
synonymAmmannia crassissima Koehne
synonymAmmannia debilis Ait.
synonymAmmannia densiflora Miq. ex C. B. Clarke
synonymAmmannia discolor Nakai
synonymAmmannia glauca Wall.
synonymAmmannia hildebrandtii Koehne
synonymAmmannia indica Lam.
synonymAmmannia intermedia (Koehne) A. Fernandes & Diniz
synonymAmmannia prostrata Buch.-Ham. ex Bl.
synonymAmmannia retusa Koehne
synonymAmmannia salicifolia Hiern
synonymAmmannia salicifolia Monti
synonymAmmannia sanguinolenta Heyne ex Steud.
synonymAmmannia verticillata (Ard.) Lam.
synonymAmmannia verticillata Boiss.
synonymAmmannia vesicatoria Roxb.
synonymAmmannia viridis Willd. ex Hornem.
synonymAmmannia wormskioldii Fisch. et Mey.
synonymCornelia verticillata Ard.
synonymCryptotheca apetala Bl.
synonymHapalocarpum indicum Miq.
synonymHapalocarpum vesicatorium Miq.
🗒 Common Names
English
  • Blistering Ammania
Mandingo
  • Iridingho
Serer
  • Vaken
📚 Overview
Overview
Brief

Code

AMMBA

Growth form

Boradleaf

Biological cycle

Annual

Habitat

Marshland

Thomas Le Bourgeois
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Thomas Le Bourgeois
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    Diagnostic Keys
    Description

    Global description

    Ammania baccifera is an annual terrestrial broadleaved plant, up to 60 cm tall. White or brown taproot. Quadrangular stem, solid, glabrous. Stipules absent. Leaves simple, opposite, sessile, lanceolate, less than 2 cm wide, entire margin, apex pointed or obtuse, base attenuated in corner or obtuse, one vein. Hermaphrodite flowers grouped into lateral glomeruli, sessile, red, pink or purple, without petals. The fruit is a capsule with irregular and transverse dehiscence.

    General habit

    An erect annual herb, simple or branched, usually 10 to 60 cm tall, but up to 1 m tall.

    Underground system

    The root is a taproot.

    Stem

    The stem is small, of more or less quadrangular section. It can be simple, but is usually very ramified. It is entirely glabrous, more or less reddish in color. It is solid. The twigs have many leaves and are smaller than the stem.

    Leaf

    Leaves are simple, opposite decussate, elongated, narrow, oblong to oblanceolate to narrow elliptic, cuneate to truncate base sometimes attenuated petiole or subcordate, pointed to obtuse at the apex. They are 4 to 80 mm long and 1 to 16 mm wide. They are glabrous, with a single vein, with a scabrous margin.

    Inflorescence

    The flowers are grouped by 3 to 15 in dense axillary inflorescences short pedunculate (0-1 mm).

    Flower

    The flower is small, borne on a short pedicel (0-1 mm), without petals, green to purple. The calyx is composed of 4 acute triangular lobes without intervening tooth. The stamens are four in number. The style is very short, less than 0.3 mm, shorter than the ovary.

    Fruit

    The fruit is a flat rounded capsule 1.5 to 2 mm in diameter, of red color, which opens with an irregular circular aperture located in its upper part.

    Seed

    The seed is tiny, less than 0.5 mm long, concave on the belly, convex on the back. She is red.

    Thomas Le Bourgeois
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      No Data
      📚 Natural History
      Life Cycle

      China: Ammannia baccifera blooms from August to October and fructifies from September to December.

      Thomas Le Bourgeois
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      References 
        Cyclicity

        Ammannia baccifera is an annual plant. It reproduces only by seeds.

        Thomas Le Bourgeois
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          Look Alikes

          Characters to distinguish several Ammannia species

          Base of the lamina Petals Style Peduncle Fruit Species
          Attenuate, truncate Absent Shorter than the ovary 0-1 mm 1-2 mm A. baccifera
          Auriculate Present 1/2 as long as the ovary 1-2 mm 1,5 mm A. multiflora
          Auriculate Present 1/2 to 1 as long as the ovary 1,5-3 mm 1,5 mm A. prieureana
          Auriculate Present As long as or longer than the ovary 6-18 mm 2,5 - 3,5 mm A. auriculata
          Auriculate Present As long as or longer than the ovary 0-9 mm 3,5 - 5 mm A. coccinea

          Thomas Le Bourgeois
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          Status UNDER_CREATION
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          References 
            Ecology

            Ammannia baccifera grows in flooded or very humid sites, from 0 to 2000 m altitude. Rice fields at low altitude, periphery of the pools, lowlands temporarily flooded.

            Madagascar: Species in rice fields and lowland wetlands but much less common than A. multiflora.
            Réunion: At the edge of ponds at low altitude.

            Thomas Le Bourgeois
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            Status UNDER_CREATION
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              No Data
              📚 Habitat and Distribution
              General Habitat

              Worldwide distribution

              Ammania baccifera is present in all tropical and subtropical regions, America, West Indies, Africa, Asia, China, Reunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, India.

              Thomas Le Bourgeois
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                No Data
                📚 Occurrence
                No Data
                📚 Demography and Conservation
                Risk Statement

                Global harmfulness

                Ammannia baccifera can become a nuisance in paddy fields, especially in rice fields that are drying up.

                Local harmfulness

                Burkina Faso: rare but abundant when it is present.
                Côte d'Ivoire: rare and scanty.
                Ghana: frequent and scanty.
                Madagascar: rare and scanty
                Mali: rare but abundant when it is present.
                Reunion: Not present in cultivated area
                Senegal: frequent and scanty.

                Thomas Le Bourgeois
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                Status UNDER_CREATION
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                  No Data
                  📚 Uses and Management
                  Uses

                  Medicinal : The leaves of Ammania baccifera or the ashes of the plant, mixed with oil, are applied to cure herpetic eruptions. The fresh, bruised leaves have been used in skin diseases as a rubefacient and as an external remedy for ringworm and parasitic skin affection.
                  In India, leaves of Ammannia baccifera are used to reduce the sexual activity of animals.

                  Thomas Le Bourgeois
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                  Status UNDER_CREATION
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                  References 
                    Management

                    Global control

                    The mechanical weeding against Ammannia baccifera is difficult because the cut parts regenerate very easily.
                    Chemical control with 2,4-D at high dose, MCPA is less effective. Growth regulator herbicides such as oxydiazone, a mixture of propanil and oryzalin, nitralin or butachlor may be used.

                    For general information on weeding irrigated and lowland rice in Africa please consult

                    For recommandations on weeding annual broadleaf weeds of irrigated and lowland rice in Africa consult:

                    Thomas Le Bourgeois
                    Attributions 
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      No Data
                      📚 Information Listing
                      References
                      1. Radanachaless, T., Maxwell, J.F. 1994. Weeds of soybean fields in Thailand. Multiple Cropping Center ed., Chiang Mai Univ., Chiang Mai, Thailand.
                      2. Grard, P., et al. (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
                      3. Soerjani M., Kostermans A. J. G. H., Tjitrosoepomo G. 1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia. Balai Pustaka. Jakarta.
                      4. Johnson, D.E. 1997. Les adventices en riziculture en Afrique de l'Ouest. ADRAO/WARDA, Bouaké, Côte-d'Ivoire.
                      5. Pancho, J.V., Obien, S.R. 1995. Manual of Ricefield Weeds in the Philippines. Philippine Rice Research Institute, Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
                      6. Fournet, J. 2002. Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Cirad, Gondwana éditions, Montpellier, France.
                      7. Grard, P., Homsombath, K., Kessler, P., Khuon, E., Le Bourgeois, T., Prospéri, J., Risdale, C. 2006. Oswald V.1.0: A multimedia identification system of the major weeds of rice paddy fields of Cambodia and Lao P.D.R. In Cirad [ed.]. Cirad, Montpellier, France. Cdrom. ISBN 978-2-87614-653-2.
                      8. Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M., Keay, R.W.J., Hepper, F.N. 1954. Flora of west tropical africa. The Whitefriars Press, London & Tonbridge, Great Britain.
                      Information Listing > References
                      1. Radanachaless, T., Maxwell, J.F. 1994. Weeds of soybean fields in Thailand. Multiple Cropping Center ed., Chiang Mai Univ., Chiang Mai, Thailand.
                      2. Grard, P., et al. (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
                      3. Soerjani M., Kostermans A. J. G. H., Tjitrosoepomo G. 1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia. Balai Pustaka. Jakarta.
                      4. Johnson, D.E. 1997. Les adventices en riziculture en Afrique de l'Ouest. ADRAO/WARDA, Bouaké, Côte-d'Ivoire.
                      5. Pancho, J.V., Obien, S.R. 1995. Manual of Ricefield Weeds in the Philippines. Philippine Rice Research Institute, Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
                      6. Fournet, J. 2002. Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Cirad, Gondwana éditions, Montpellier, France.
                      7. Grard, P., Homsombath, K., Kessler, P., Khuon, E., Le Bourgeois, T., Prospéri, J., Risdale, C. 2006. Oswald V.1.0: A multimedia identification system of the major weeds of rice paddy fields of Cambodia and Lao P.D.R. In Cirad [ed.]. Cirad, Montpellier, France. Cdrom. ISBN 978-2-87614-653-2.
                      8. Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M., Keay, R.W.J., Hepper, F.N. 1954. Flora of west tropical africa. The Whitefriars Press, London & Tonbridge, Great Britain.
                      Images
                      Thomas Le Bourgeois
                      Attributions 
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        No Data
                        🐾 Taxonomy
                        RootRoot
                        KingdomPlantae
                        PhylumTracheophyta
                        ClassMagnoliopsida
                        OrderMyrtales
                        FamilyLythraceae
                        GenusAmmannia
                        SpeciesAmmannia baccifera L.
                        📊 Temporal Distribution
                        📷 Related Observations
                        👥 Groups
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