Rubiaceae
Spermacoce

Spermacoce remota Lam.

First published in Tabl. Encycl. 1: 273 (1792)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical America. It is an annual or subshrub and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as a medicine.

Distribution

Native to:

Alabama, Argentina Northwest, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Cayman Is., Central American Pac, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Florida, French Guiana, Georgia, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Texas, Trinidad-Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Andaman Is., Borneo, Caroline Is., Chagos Archipelago, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Galápagos, Gilbert Is., Hawaii, India, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Line Is., Malaya, Maldives, Maluku, Marianas, Mauritius, Nansei-shoto, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Northern Territory, Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vietnam, Wallis-Futuna Is.

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Bacigalupo, N.M. & Cabral, E.L. (1999). Sobre la identidad de dos especies de Lamarck, Spermacoce laevis y S. remota (Rubiaceae, Spermacoceae). Darwiniana 37: 333-334.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Mesoamericana 4(2): 1-533. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2014). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 7: 1-840. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Harwood, R. & Dessein, S. (2005). Australian Spermacoce (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae). I. Northern Territory. Australian Systematic Botany 18: 297-365.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Middleton, J.D. (ed.) (2019). Flora of Singapore 13: 1-654. Singapore Botanic Gardens.
  • Puff, C., Chayamarit, K., Chamchumroon, V. & Esser, H.-J. (2021). Flora of Thailand 15(1): 1-235. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
  • Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  • Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2011). Flora of China 19: 1-884. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

An alternative taxonomy had been proposed by the following authorities:

  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela. [Cited as Borreria remota.]

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Beaman, J.H. & Anderson, C. (2004). The Plants of Mount Kinabalu 5: 1-609. Natural history publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
  • Borhidi, A. (2006). Rubiáceas de México: 1-512. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.
  • Cirilo, N. & Proctor, G.R. (1994). Vascular plants of the Caribbean Swan islands of Honduras. Brenesia 41-42: 73-80.
  • Fosberg, F.R. (1975). Vascular plants of Aitutaki. Atoll Research Bulletin 190: 73-84.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Hallé, N. (1980). Les Orchidees de Tubuai (archipel des Australes, Sud Polynesie), suivies d'un catalogue des plantes a fleurs et fougeres des iles Australes. Cahiers de l'Indo-Pacifique 2(3): 69-130.
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2014). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 7: 1-840. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Harwood, R. & Dessein, S. (2005). Australian Spermacoce (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae). I. Northern Territory. Australian Systematic Botany 18: 297-365.
  • Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
  • Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Reddy, G.V.P. (2011). Survey of invasive plants on Guam and identification of the 20 most widespread. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 41: 263-274.
  • Ruhsam, M. (2005). Survey of all the Rubiaceae specimens at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Sheppard, C.R.C. & Seaward, M.R.D. (eds.) (1999). Ecology of the Chagos archipelago: 1-350. Westbury Academic & Scientific Publishing, Otley.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Thaman, R.R., Fosberg, F.R., Manner, H.I. & Hassall, D.C. (1994). The Flora of Nauru. Atoll Research Bulletin 392: 1-223.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Wester, L. (1985). Checklist of the vascular plants of the Northern Line Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 287: 1-38.
  • Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2011). Flora of China 19: 1-884. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Zanotti, C.A. (eds.) (2022). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 19(3): 1-384. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2017 Sinclair, J. Singapore K001273727 No
Jan 1, 2017 Purseglove, J.W. [P.4030] Singapore K001273726 No
Jan 1, 2017 Purseglove, J.W. [P. 4077] Singapore K001273725 No
Jan 1, 2017 Burkhill, H.M.; Shah, M. [HMB 262] Singapore K001273728 No
Jan 1, 2017 Carrick, J. [JC. 1443] Malaya K001273723 No
Jul 1, 2013 I Made Maduarta (Pung) [IMM 154] Indonesia K000733748 No
Sep 20, 2002 Peru K001436162 Yes
Sep 20, 2002 Peru K001436163 Yes
Aug 13, 2002 Colombia K001436170 Yes
Feb 6, 2001 Colombia K001436167 Yes
Feb 6, 2001 Colombia K001436169 Yes
Sep 16, 1996 Peru K001436147 Yes
Sep 16, 1996 Peru K001436148 Yes
May 13, 1982 Peru K001436154 Yes
Jun 7, 1978 Colombia K001436165 Yes
Jun 30, 1976 Peru K001436156 Yes
Jan 10, 1976 Panama K001436179 Yes
Jan 10, 1976 Panama K001436180 Yes
Jan 10, 1976 Panama K001436181 Yes
Apr 17, 1970 Peru K001436155 Yes
May 2, 1964 Colombia K001436177 Yes
Feb 14, 1955 Colombia K001436172 ISO Yes
Apr 20, 1944 Colombia K001436175 Yes
Hugh-Jones, D.L. [32] Colombia K001436168 Yes
Ule, E. [8332] Brazil K001076213 Yes
Pohl [790] Brazil K000016190 Yes
Miquel [s.n.] Suriname K000470314 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gardner [4744] Brazil K000470312 Type Yes
Harley, R.M.; Giulietti, A.M.; Mayo, S.J.; Mayo, A.K. [27793] Brazil K000016188 Yes
Kessler et al. [P.K. 1052] Indonesia K000173001 No
Hostmann [1081] Suriname K000470313 Type Yes
Ecuador K001436131 Yes
Ecuador K001436132 Yes
Ecuador K001436133 Yes
Ecuador K001436134 Yes
Ecuador K001436135 Yes
Ecuador K001436136 Yes
Ecuador K001436137 Yes
Bolivia K001436138 Yes
Bolivia K001436139 Yes
Venezuela K001436140 Yes
Venezuela K001436141 Yes
Peru K001436142 Yes
Peru K001436143 Yes
Peru K001436144 Yes
Peru K001436145 Yes
Peru K001436146 Yes
Peru K001436149 Yes
Peru K001436150 Yes
Peru K001436151 Yes
Peru K001436152 Yes
Peru K001436153 Yes
Peru K001436157 Yes
Peru K001436158 Yes
Peru K001436159 Yes
Peru K001436160 Yes
Peru K001436161 Yes
Colombia K001436164 Yes
Colombia K001436166 Yes
Hugh-Jones, D.L. [32], Colombia K001436168 Yes
Colombia K001436171 Yes
Colombia K001436173 Yes
Colombia K001436174 Yes
Colombia K001436176 Yes
Panama K001436178 Yes
Venezuela K001436182 Yes
Venezuela K001436183 Yes
Venezuela K001436184 Yes
Venezuela K001436185 Yes
Sep 16, 1991 van der Werff, H.H. [1690] Colombia Spermacoce assurgens K001436278 Yes
Sep 4, 1991 Bentley, P.S. [287] Colombia Spermacoce assurgens K001436284 Yes
Sep 19, 1944 Galapagos Is. Spermacoce assurgens K001436283 Yes
Galapagos Is. Spermacoce assurgens K001436276 Yes
Galapagos Is. Spermacoce assurgens K001436277 Yes
van der Werff, H.H. [1690], Colombia Spermacoce assurgens K001436278 Yes
Galapagos Is. Spermacoce assurgens K001436279 Yes
Galapagos Is. Spermacoce assurgens K001436280 Yes
Galapagos Is. Spermacoce assurgens K001436281 Yes
Galapagos Is. Spermacoce assurgens K001436282 Yes
Bentley, P.S. [287], Colombia Spermacoce assurgens K001436284 TYPE Yes
Galapagos Is. Spermacoce assurgens K001436285 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of the Cayman Islands

    • Flora of the Cayman Islands
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0