Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth.

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation

Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: confident

Distribution

Biogeografic region: Amazonia, Andean, Guiana Shield, Caribbean, Orinoquia, Pacific. Elevation range: 0–2200 m a.s.l. Naturalised in Colombia. Colombian departments: Amazonas, Antioquia, Atlántico, Bogotá DC, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Casanare, Cauca, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guaviare, Huila, Magdalena, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindío, Risaralda, San Andrés y Providencia, Santander, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vichada.

Habit

Herb.

Ecology

Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, savanna, shrubland, wetlands (inland), artificial - terrestrial.

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution

Naturalizada y adventicia en Colombia; Alt. 0 - 2200 m.; Amazonia, Andes, Guayana y Serranía de La Macarena, Islas Caribeñas, Llanura del Caribe, Orinoquia, Pacífico, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Valle del Magdalena.

Morphology General Habit

Hierba

Conservation

No Evaluada

Suddee, S., A. J. Paton, & Parnell, J. (2004). A Taxonomic Revision of Tribe Ocimeae Dumort. (Lamiaceae) in Continental South East Asia II. Plectranthinae. Kew Bulletin, 59(3), 379-414. doi:10.2307/4110950

Type

Majana (alba et rubra) Rumphius, Herb. Amboin. 5: 291, t. 101 (1747), designated by Merrill in 1917.

Morphology General Habit

Erect or ascending annual or short-lived perennial herbs up to 1 m tall

Morphology Stem

Stems succulent, much-branched, round-quadrangular, pubescent, with sessile glands

Morphology Leaves

Leaves subfleshy, often variegated, ovate or ovate- lanceolate, 15 - 100 x 10 - 60 mm, apex obtuse, acute or acuminate, base cuneate, rounded, truncate or subcordate, margin crenate-serrate, sometimes laciniate, pubescent on both sides, with sessile glands and prominent veins beneath; petioles 5 - 50 mm, pubescent

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Inflorescence terminal, simple, up to 40 cm long; axis pubescent, with sessile glands; verticils 5 - 20 mm apart, usually clearly interrupted; cymes pedunculate or not, producing obvious lateral cincinni, few - many-flowered; bracts sessile, caducous, ovate, up to 7 x 5 mm, acute or acuminate, ciliate, pubescent; pedicels 1 - 2 mm long at anthesis, 3 - 7 mm long in fruit, pubescent

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx

Calyx campanulate, 1 - 2 mm long at anthesis, 5 - 7 mm long in fruit; posterior lip ovate, acute at apex, margin entire or ciliate, decurrent on tube, glabrous inside, glabrescent, with sessile glands outside, nerves prominent both sides; anterior lip with median teeth united for 2/3 of their length, teeth acuminate at apex, longer than posterior lip, lateral teeth oblong or obovate-oblong, rounded or truncate at apex, much shorter than posterior and median teeth; tube 10-nerved, pubescent, with sessile glands outside, slightly gibbous at anterior base

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla

Corolla bluish-purple, 8 - 10 mm long; posterior lip with lobes pubescent, with sessile glands on back, median lobes rounded at apex, lateral lobes minute, obtuse at apex; anterior lip ovate-oblong, 4- 5 mm long, concave, glabrous inside, pubescent outside; tube 4-5 mm long, sigmoid below the middle, slightly dilated at base, widely expanded at throat, slightly pubescent with sessile glands outside

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens

Stamens united for half of their length, included in anterior corolla lip

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Style

Style bifid with subequal branches, exceeding anterior corolla lip

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc

Disc with anterior side obtuse at apex, exceeding ovary

Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits

Nutlets black, ovoid or globose, c. 1 mm long; minutely tuberculate, shining, producing mucilage when wet.

Distribution

India, Himalaya, Sri Lanka, China, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, and widely cultivated in other tropical regions.

Ecology

Cultivated and sometimes naturalised; 100 - 1600 m.

Phenology

Flowering & fruiting all year round.

Vernacular

Laotian: Nawm Juat, Wan Chawt. Thai: Rusee Phasom. Vietnamese: Gia to trang, Gia To Do, Gia To San, Cay Co Lug.

Note

An extremely variable species in leaf shape, colour and inflorescence size. There is no clear discontinuity to divide the species into infraspecific taxa. The specimens on which Blume based his species description (Plectranthus scutellarioides Blume, Bijdr.: 837 (1826), nom illeg.) are just an unusual form of the variable P. scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. From details in the original publication, Blume believed it to be a new species, but he used the epithet 'scutellarioides', so that his name is a later homonym. Bentham considered that this material was different from Ocimum scutellarioides L. (= P. scutellarioides (L.) R. Br.) and published 'C. blumei', as a new name for the illegitimate P. scutellariodes Blume which was unavailable for use.

The Useful Plants of Boyacá project

Ecology

Alt. 0 - 2200 m.

Morphology General Habit

Herb.

Distribution

Introduced and naturalised in Colombia.

Conservation

Not Evaluated.

Distribution

Found in Boyacá, Colombia.

Use Medicines Unspecified Medicinal Disorders

Medicinal (State of the World's Plants 2016).