Rubiaceae
Spermacoce

Spermacoce verticillata L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 102 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical America. It is a subshrub or shrub and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used to treat unspecified medicinal disorders and as animal food, a poison and a medicine.

Distribution

Native to:

Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Florida, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Andaman Is., Angola, Ascension, Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Gilbert Is., Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., India, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Line Is., Madagascar, Malaya, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, New Caledonia, Nicobar Is., Nigeria, Niue, Northern Territory, Queensland, Réunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, Togo, Vanuatu, Zaïre

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Mesoamericana 4(2): 1-533. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Delprete, P.G. & Cortés-B., R. (2006 publ. 2007). A synopsis of the Rubiaceae of the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, with a key to genera, and a preliminary species list. Revista de Biologia Neotropical 3: 13-96.
  • Delprete, P.G. (2010). Rubiaceae. Flora dos estados de Goiás e Tocantins 40: 1-1610. Universidade Federal de Goiás.
  • Delprete, P.G., Smith, L.B., Klein, R.M. (2005). Flora Ilustrada Catarinense 2: 349-842. Herbário "Barbosa Rodrigues", Atají, Brasil.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2014). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 7: 1-840. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Harwood, R. & Dessein, S. (2005). Australian Spermacoce (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae). I. Northern Territory. Australian Systematic Botany 18: 297-365.
  • Lebrun, J.-P. (1998). Catalogue des plantes de la Mauritanie et du Sahara Occidental. Boissiera 55: 1-322.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania. Revue de Taxonomie et de Nomenclature Botaniques 30: 1-307.
  • Mendoza, H., Ramirez P., B.R. & Jimenez, L.C. (2004). Rubiaceae de Colombia: guia ilustrada de generos: 1-351. Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia.
  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Puff, C., Chayamarit, K., Chamchumroon, V. & Esser, H.-J. (2021). Flora of Thailand 15(1): 1-235. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
  • Sarder, N.U. & Hassan, M.A. (eds.) (2018). Vascular flora of Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts 3: 1-978. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.

Flora of the Cayman Islands

  • L., Sp. Pl. 1: 102 (1753).

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

  • Kew Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) https://www.kew.org/science/data-and-resources/tools-and-services/medicinal-plant-names-services in The State of the World’s Plants Report–2016. (2016). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew https://stateoftheworldsplants.or

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Mesoamericana 4(2): 1-533. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Gonzalez, F., Nelson Diaz, J. & Lowry, P. (1995). Flora Illustrada de San Andrés y Providencia: 1-281. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Colombia.
  • Guillaumin, A. (1948). Compendium de la Flore Phanérogamique des Nouvelles Hébrides. Annales de l'Institut Botanico-Geologique Colonial de Marseille, VI, 5-6: 1-56.
  • Lebrun, J.P. (1973). Énumération des plantes vasculaires du Sénégal: 1-209. Maisons Alfort: Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux.
  • Lozada Pérez, L. & Borhidi, A. (2013). Flora de Guerrero 57: 1-55. Facultade de Ciencias, UNAM.
  • Middleton, J.D. (ed.) (2019). Flora of Singapore 13: 1-654. Singapore Botanic Gardens.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Puff, C., Chayamarit, K., Chamchumroon, V. & Esser, H.-J. (2021). Flora of Thailand 15(1): 1-235. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
  • Ruhsam, M. (2005). Survey of all the Rubiaceae specimens at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Sarder, N.U. & Hassan, M.A. (eds.) (2018). Vascular flora of Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts 3: 1-978. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Sykes, W.R. (1970). Contributions to the flora of Niue. Bulletin, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 200: 1-321.
  • Williams, R.O. & Cheeseman, E.E. in Williams, R.O. (1928). Rubiales. Flora of Trinidad and Tobago 2(1): 1-48. Government Printing Office, Port-of-Spain.
  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Zanotti, C.A. (eds.) (2022). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 19(3): 1-384. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Ulian, T., Sacandé, M., Hudson, A., & Mattana, E. (2017). Conservation of indigenous plants to support community livelihoods: the MGU–Useful Plants Project. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60:668-683.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2016 Hooker, J.D. [174] Cabo Verde K001134641 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 s.coll. [16] Brazil K001060131 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Baker, C.F. [119] Brazil K001060134 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Burchell, W.J. [4278-6] Brazil K001060130 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Isabelle, M. [s.n.] Brazil K001068309 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Gardner, G. [442] Brazil K001060141 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 MacGillivray, J. [254] Brazil K001060137 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 s.coll. [773] Brazil K001060132 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Spruce, R. [1114] Brazil K001060129 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Duarte, A.P. [9987] Brazil K001060139 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Harris [s.n.] Brazil K001060136 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Burchell, W.J. [4681/36] Brazil K001068308 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Spruce, R. [s.n.] Brazil K001060128 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Swanson [s.n.] Brazil K001060143 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Burchell, W.J. [5509] Brazil K001060138 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Burchell, W.J. [4036] Brazil K001060135 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Tweedie, J. [1258] Brazil K001060127 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Usteri, P.A. [180b] Brazil K001060140 Yes
Jan 1, 2014 Gardner, G. [744] Brazil K001060142 Yes
Sep 5, 1991 Habury-Tracy, J. [474] Colombia K001436274 Yes
Aug 31, 1991 Galeotti, H.G. [2585] Mexico K000470217 Unknown Type Material Yes
Sep 2, 1944 Venezuela K001436266 Yes
May 1, 1906 Venezuela K001436262 Yes
May 1, 1906 Venezuela K001436263 ISO Yes
Jun 1, 1845 Peru/ Colombia K001436259 HOLO Yes
Sinsin, B.; Agbani, P.; Adokpo, C. [2951] Benin K001297763 Yes
[Rurdei] [259] Jamaica K001060133 Yes
Chamisso [s.n.] Brazil K000470198 Unknown Type Material Yes
Welwitsch [3246] K000423392 Type Yes
Welwitsch [3247] Angola K000423391 Type Yes
Lorentz, P. [s.n.] Argentina K000470275 Type Yes
van der Zon, A.P.M [534] Benin K001562490 No
Pifano, D.S.; Pivari, M.O.D. [152] Brazil K001076160 Yes
Miquel [s.n.] Suriname K000470319 Unknown Type Material Yes
Senegal K000422894 Unknown Type Material Yes
[J. 405] Senegal K000422895 Unknown Type Material Yes
Darwin, C. [220] Brazil K000018051 No
Henrique, V.; Villarouco, F.M.O.; Lira, S.S.; Rodriques, E.H.G.; Menezes, E.; Costa e Silva, M.B. [6] Brazil K000265178 No
Wright, C. [2772] Cuba K000470572 Unknown Type Material Yes
Peru/ Colombia K001436260 Yes
Venezuela K001436261 Yes
Venezuela K001436264 Yes
Venezuela K001436265 Yes
Venezuela K001436267 Yes
Venezuela K001436268 Yes
Bolivia K001436269 Yes
Bolivia K001436270 Yes
Bolivia K001436271 Yes
Bolivia K001436272 Yes
Colombia K001436273 Yes
Habury-Tracy, J. [474], Colombia K001436274 Yes
Colombia K001436275 Yes
Jan 1, 1999 Melo, E.; França, F.; Bezerra, M. [1718] Brazil Borreria verticillata K000012249 No
Oct 1, 1998 Moseley Brazil Borreria verticillata K000016217 No
Mar 1, 1994 Coradin, L.; Silva, G.P.; Vieira, J.G.A.; Souza, F.B.; Harley, R.; Linington, S.; Baker, R. [6410] Brazil Borreria verticillata K000016230 No
Jan 1, 1993 Harley, R.M.; Simão, R.; Hind, D.J.N.; Fothergill, J.M. [25302] Brazil Borreria verticillata K000016221 No
Jan 1, 1993 Arbo, M.M.; Mello-Silva, R.; Coffani-Nunes, J.V. [5778] Brazil Borreria verticillata K000016215 No
Feb 1, 1990 Agra, M.F. [1178] Brazil Borreria verticillata K000016216 No
Salzmann Brazil Borreria verticillata K000016227 No
Hoehne, W. [s.n.] Brazil Borreria verticillata K001567027 Yes
Gregory, H. [33] Nigeria Borreria verticillata K:SPC-04683.000 No
Gardner [1711] Brazil Borreria verticillata K000016228 No
Gardner [1711] Brazil Borreria verticillata K000016229 No
Brazil Borreria verticillata K000016213 No
Riedel [91] Brazil Borreria verticillata K000016214 No
[160] Brazil Borreria verticillata K000016218 No
Cruse, A.W. [492] Zimbabwe Borreria stricta K:SPC-04682.000 No
Huber, O.; Alarcon, C. [9690] Venezuela Spermacoce oligodonta K001435615 Yes
Huber, O.; Prance, G.T.; Pires, J.M.; Cordeiro, I.; Guedes, J.; Mota, C.D.A.; Silva, E.L.S.; Silva, J.A.C. [10722] Brazil Spermacoce oligodonta K001076210 Yes
Huber, O.; Alarcon, C. [9690], Venezuela Spermacoce oligodonta K001435615 Yes
Oct 1, 1998 Pirani, J.R.; Furlan, A.; Kawasaki, M.L.; Diacui, J.; Amaral, M.C.E.; Castro, N.M. [CFCR2082] Brazil Borreria oligodonta K000016140 No
Oct 1, 1998 Preston, T.A. Brazil Borreria oligodonta K000016143 Yes
Oct 1, 1998 Preston, T.A. Brazil Borreria oligodonta K000016142 Yes
Oct 1, 1998 Arbo, M.M.; Mello-Silva, R.; Coffani-Nunes, J.V. [5717] Brazil Borreria oligodonta K000016231 No
Oct 1, 1998 Harley, R.M.; Bromley, G.L.; de Carvalho, A.M.; Hage, J.L.; Brito, H.S. [21867] Brazil Borreria oligodonta K000016126 Yes
Oct 1, 1998 Mori, S.A.; Mattos Silva, L.A.; dos Santos, T.S. [11373] Brazil Borreria oligodonta K000016232 No
Oct 1, 1996 Preston, T.A. Brazil Borreria oligodonta K000016141 Yes
Jan 1, 1993 Arbo, M.M.; Mello-Silva, R.; Coffani-Nunes, J.V. [5548] Brazil Borreria oligodonta K000016144 No
Jan 1, 1993 Arbo, M.M.; Mello-Silva, R.; Coffani-Nunes, J.V. [5548] Brazil Borreria oligodonta K000016146 No
Jan 1, 1993 Arbo, M.M.; Mello-Silva, R.; Coffani-Nunes, J.V. [5794] Brazil Borreria oligodonta K000016145 No
Jan 1, 2014 Philcox, D.; Freeman, B. [4699] Brazil Spermacoce pygmaea K001060144 Yes
Jul 11, 1903 Venezuela Spermacoce pygmaea K001436102 Yes
Teran, L.R. [4368] Venezuela Spermacoce pygmaea K001436103 Yes
Spruce, R. [3598] Venezuela Spermacoce pygmaea K000006682 Type Yes
Spruce, R. [3598] Venezuela Spermacoce pygmaea K000006683 Type Yes
Venezuela Spermacoce pygmaea K001436100 Yes
Venezuela Spermacoce pygmaea K001436101 Yes
Teran, L.R. [4368], Venezuela Spermacoce pygmaea K001436103 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    • ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of the Cayman Islands

    • Flora of the Cayman Islands
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0