Haikouella: an early Cambrian chordate with craniate traits

Chen, Huang and Li 1999 bring us news of
305 specimens of Haikouella (Figs. 1), a semi-craniate (sense organs, but no skull) from the Early Cambrian if China. It nests between lancelets and hagfish in the LRT (Fig. 2).

From the abstract
“Since the identification of the Lower Cambrian Yunnanozoon as a chordate in 1995 (ref. 1), large numbers of complete specimens of soft-bodied chordates from the Lower Cambrian Maotianshan Shale in central Yunnan (southern China) have been recovered. Here we describe a recently discovered craniate-like chordate, Haikouella lanceolata, from 305 fossil specimens in Haikou near Kunming. This 530 million-year-old (Myr) fish-like animal resembles the contemporaneous Yunnanozoon from the Chengjiang fauna (about 35 km southeast of Haikou) in several anatomic features. But Haikouella also has several additional anatomic features: a heart, ventral and dorsal aorta, an anterior branchial arterial, gill filaments, a caudal projection, a neural cord with a relatively large brain, a head with possible lateral eyes, and a ventrally situated buccal cavity with short tentacles. These findings indicate that Haikouella probably represents a very early craniate-like chordate that lived near the beginning of the Cambrian period during the main burst of the Cambrian explosion. These findings will add to the debate on the evolutionary transition from invertebrate to vertebrate.”

Figure 1. Haikouella in situ and diagrams. Colors added here. Blue is the atrium.
Figure 2. Haikouella is added to the LRT and nests here, among basal chordates.

PS
The WordPress layout program is still causing trouble. The layouts and previews do not match the published work. Hopefully this one will not be different in graphic appearance from the 3600 or so that preceded it.

References
Chen J-Y, Huang D-Y and Li C-W 1999. An early Cambrian craniate-like chordate. Nature 402:518–522.

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