Mountains of the Mist: A first plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains, Manica Highlands (Zimbabwe-Mozambique)

Anthony Mapaura

Eastern mistbelt forests are naturally fragmented forests with grassland which occur from the Eastern Cape to KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. These were heavily logged by colonial settlers and continue to be harvested despite being protected. Consequently we documented a checklist of the plants of the forests and grasslands in the Weza district (3029DA WEZA), southern KwaZulu-Natal, including Ngeli Forest and nearby indigenous forest patches to highlight their biodiversity status and need for conservation. We also reviewed their status in the Red Data List. Of the 1554 records included in this summary of plant species for the Weza district, there were 6 lichens (0.4%), 46 bryophytes (3.0%), 58 pteridophytes (3.7%), 6 gymnosperms (0.4%) and the remaining 1424 species angiosperms (92.5%). Of the angiosperms, 27.3% were monocotyledons and 72.7% were dicotyledons. The most species-rich family was Asteraceae (239 species) followed by Fabaceae (115 species), Liliaceae (used for purposes of comparison against older studies – 89 species), Orchidaceae (89 species), Iridaceae (59 species), Poaceae (58 species), Asclepidaceae (again used for purposes of comparison against older studies – 57 species), Scrophulariaceae (42 species), Euphorbiaceae (32 species), Lamiaceae (32 species) and Rubiaceae (27 species). These 10 families each comprised more than 2% of the species in the list. Together they contributed 55% of the angiosperm species and 34.1% of the angiosperm genera. The biodiversity and conservation value of the study area are conserved pockets of eastern mistbelt forest, Drakensberg foothill moist grassland and mistbelt grassland. More than 4% of the species are under some degree of threat, as was evidenced by the number of species regarded as endangered (5), vulnerable (18), near threatened (10), critically rare (1), rare (20) or declining (11) amongst the 1554 species covered in the list. Conservation implications: In terms of taxa under some degree of threat, number of endemic and near endemic species the biodiversity and conservation value of the Ngele (3029DA WEZA) area is reinforced. This necessitates that the area is appropriately protected from invasive alien species, and uncontrolled and illegal use by the neighbouring communities.

Deze bijdrage betreft een handvoorkeurstest voor kinderen van 5 tot 7 jaar. Eerst wordt de ontwikkeling van handvoorkeur en het belang van de bepaling ervan kort besproken. Daarna worden aspecten van de betrouwbaarheid en validiteit besproken aan de hand van testgegevens van 67 kinderen van gemiddeld 6.5 jaar. Daaruit blijkt dat de test een goede interne consistentie heeft, en dat de hertestbetrouwbaarheid goed is. Uit de gegevens blijkt ook dat de verhouding van sterke linkerhandvoorkeur ten opzichte van sterke rechterhandvoorkeur bij de kinderen ongeveer hetzelfde is als bij eerstejaars Psychologiestudenten. Onder de kinderen vindt men echter 25% die nog niet een sterke handvoorkeur hebben ontwikkeld, terwijl dat bij de volwassenen ongeveer 10% is.

PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.145.49257 A peer-reviewed open-access journal Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains 93 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Mountains of the Mist: A first plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains, Manica Highlands (Zimbabwe-Mozambique) Jonathan Timberlake1, Petra Ballings2,3, João de Deus Vidal Jr4, Bart Wursten2, Mark Hyde2, Anthony Mapaura4,5, Susan Childes6, Meg Coates Palgrave2, Vincent Ralph Clark4 1 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa, 30 Warren Lane, East Dean, E. Sussex, BN20 0EW, UK 2 Flora of Zimbabwe & Flora of Mozambique projects, 29 Harry Pichanick Drive, Alexandra Park, Harare, Zimbabwe 3 Meise Botanic Garden, Bouchout Domain, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium 4 Afromontane Research Unit & Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa 5 National Herbarium of Zimbabwe, Box A889, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe 6 Box BW53 Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe Corresponding author: Vincent Ralph Clark (vincentralph.clark@gmail.com) Academic editor: R. Riina | Received 10 December 2019 | Accepted 18 February 2020 | Published 10 April 2020 Citation: Timberlake J, Ballings P, Vidal Jr JD, Wursten B, Hyde M, Mapaura A, Childes S, Palgrave MC, Clark VR (2020) Mountains of the Mist: A first plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains, Manica Highlands (ZimbabweMozambique). PhytoKeys 145: 93–129. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.49257 Abstract The first comprehensive plant checklist for the Bvumba massif, situated in the Manica Highlands along the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border, is presented. Although covering only 276 km2, the flora is rich with 1250 taxa (1127 native taxa and 123 naturalised introductions). There is a high proportion of Orchidaceae and Pteridophyta, with both groups showing a higher richness than for adjacent montane areas, which may be due to the massif ’s relatively high moisture levels as a result of frequent cloud cover. However, in contrast to other mesic montane regions in southern Africa, there are relatively few near-endemic or range-restricted taxa: there is only one local endemic, Aeranthes africana, an epiphytic forest orchid. This is likely to be an effect of the massif having limited natural grassland compared to forest, the former being the most endemic-rich habitat in southern African mountains outside of the Fynbos Biome. Six other near-endemic taxa with limited distribution in this portion of the Manica Highlands are highlighted. The high number of invasive species is probably a result of diverse human activities in the area. The main species of concern are Acacia melanoxylon, a tree that is invading grassland and previously cultivated land, the forest herb Hedychium gardnerianum which in places is transforming forest understorey with an adverse Copyright Jonathan Timberlake et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 94 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) effect on some forest birds, and the woody herb Vernonanthura polyanthes which invades cleared forest areas after fire. Future botanical work in the massif should focus on a more detailed exploration of the poorly known Serra Vumba on the Mozambican side and on the drier western slopes. This will allow for a more detailed analysis of patterns of endemism across the Manica Highlands. Keywords endemics, floristics, invasive species, Manica Highlands, montane, plant diversity Introduction Southern African mountains continue to fascinate biologists, ecologists and conservationists with their high endemism, high species diversity, and as a haven for taxonomically complex and cryptic evolutionary lineages (White 1978; Taylor et al. 2013; Uys and Cron 2013; Conradie 2014; Mynhardt et al. 2015; Padayachee and Procheş 2016; Phiri and Daniels 2016; Conradie et al. 2018; Branch et al. 2019). From a floristic perspective, there has been a steady output of comprehensive data from the region over the past 25 years, for example the Nyika Plateau (Burrows and Willis 2005) and Mount Mulanje (Strugnell 2006) in Malawi; Mounts Gorongosa, Mabu and Namuli (Müller et al. 2008; Timberlake et al. 2009; Bayliss et al. 2014; Timberlake, in prep.) in Mozambique; Chirinda Forest (Drummond and Mapaure 1994) in Zimbabwe; the Angolan Highlands (Goyder and Gonçalves 2019); the heterogeneous southern African Great Escarpment (Clark et al. 2011, 2014; Roth et al. 2014; Darbyshire et al. 2018; Carbutt 2019). This has greatly improved our regional understanding of montane floristics, patterns of endemism, biogeography and conservation needs. In addition, an account of all the endemic and near-endemic plants from Mozambique has recently been published (Darbyshire et al. 2019b), some of which occur in these border areas. Despite these advances, ongoing biodiversity research in southern African mountains remains a key regional need (Clark et al. 2011, 2019; CEPF 2012), and there remains a substantial lag in the production of fundamental biodiversity and taxonomic data compared to other mountains in Africa. The Manica Highlands (Clark et al. 2017), which lie on the border between Zimbabwe and Mozambique and are mostly synonymous with Van Wyk and Smith’s (2001) Chimanimani-Nyanga Centre of Floristic Endemism, comprise an area that has been well-botanised over the last 100 years, yet with few publications. Over the past decade, attention has been focused on improving our knowledge of plant diversity and endemism for this ecologically complex 8,000 km2 mountain system. For instance, the first comprehensive floristic treatment of the Nyanga massif was published only recently (Clark et al. 2017), as was the first substantial revision in 50 years of the Chimanimani flora (Wursten et al. 2017). The central parts of the Manica Highlands (from north to south: Stapleford, Penhalonga, Bvumba, Banti, Himalaya, Tsetserra) are now the outstanding areas that require synthesis of available data and further fieldwork, with the Bvumba being prob- Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains 95 ably the most thoroughly botanised component of the Manica Highlands. Here we present the first comprehensive plant checklist for the Bvumba massif, with some notes on the massif and its flora. The Bvumba area Defining the study area Clark et al. (2017) defined the Bvumba as the entire central component of the Manica Highlands, which includes the Bvumba as well as the Penhalonga and Stapleford uplands that occur immediately to the north, i.e. between the Bvumba and Nyanga. However, due to lack of adequate floristic data for Penhalonga and Stapleford, we here restrict ourselves to the Bvumba massif sensu stricto and not to the broader Bvumba area as shown in Clark et al. (2017). The checklist area is defined as that part lying primarily above 1200 m altitude with significant vegetation cover, an extent of around 276 km2, and differs slightly from the more rigid use of the 1200 m contour used by Childes and Mundy (2001). Location and topography Centred on 19°06'S, 32°47'E, the Bvumba lies 20 km south-east of the border city of Mutare and straddles the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border (Figure 1). The largest extension lies within Mutare District in eastern Zimbabwe, but a significant area of around 30 km2 lies over the border in Manica District in Mozambique’s Manica Province. This north-eastern extension terminates at the peak of Serra Vumba (1646 m) at 18°58'35"S, 32°53'25"E, just 5 km south of Manica town (previously Vila da Manica) on the main Mutare‒Beira highway. The area as a whole is bounded in the north by the Muneni valley (in which the Forbes/Machipanda border post is situated) and in the south by the Burma valley (Nyamataka River), which separates it from the Banti-Himalaya-Tsetserra massif. The Mozambique midlands/lowlands and Chicamba Real dam form the eastern limits, while the Odzi River valley forms the western boundary. Outlying ridges and inselbergs to the west − including Cecil Kop – have been excluded. The lower elevational cut-off of approximately 1000–1200 m used here roughly follows the base of the Bvumba massif where it emerges from the surrounding plains. Consisting of an upland massif, the highest points in the study area are Castle Beacon (1911 m) and Chinyakwaremba (1714 m), while the main rivers are the Nyamataka in the south, which drains into the Rio Vanduzi via the Chicamba Real dam and then on into the Rio Búzi, the Zonwe River in the centre and the Ndonwe River in the north, both also draining into the Vanduzi. To the west the main river is the Nyachowa, which drains into the Odzi and eventually into the Save River. 96 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) Figure 1. Map of the geographic location and selected elevations of the Bvumba massif and vicinities, with main points of interest. Geology The principal rocks underlying the Bvumba area are gneissic granites of Proterozoic age, perhaps 2560 million years old, interlaced with intrusions of finer-grained darker dolerite rock perhaps 1800 million years old (Bartholomew 1990; Martin 2000). Millions of years of erosion have left the granite domes exposed, standing above the surrounding younger landscape. Some peri-glacial features date from the Pleistocene period (25,000 years BP). No minerals of economic significance are noted, although gold has been mined for hundreds of years from areas just north of Mutare. The soils are often deep and well-weathered, but are not considered particularly fertile owing to their age and weathering. Climate Surprisingly, there does not appear to be a long-term rainfall recording station in the Bvumba area (Agritex 1989), the nearest being at Mutare, which is significantly lower in elevation and with a lower annual rainfall. On isohyet maps, rainfall is indicated as being around 1800 mm/year (Agritex 1989). The warm rainy or growing season extends from November to mid-March, with a colder dry season from June through Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains 97 to August. Frosts are scarce. A major feature, and one which gives the mountains their name of Mountains of the Mist, are the frequent mists and low moist cloud during the dry season, sometimes called guti (Martin 2000). It is these mists that reduce the physiological stress of the dry season for many plant species and allow forest to thrive. History and land use The area has been settled, on the Mozambique side in particular, for perhaps 1000 years, with the first written record of people living there dating from Portuguese explorers in the first half of the 17th century (Bannerman 2010; Martin 2000). It was possibly more heavily settled in the past than it is now, as seen from the many grinding stones found inside the forests. When European occupation first started, much of the area was settled by people of the Chirara dynasty (Martin 2000), particularly on the Mozambique side and along the Nzombe valley. The first European settlement on the Zimbabwe side started around 1890, and the first formal concession was granted by the British South African Company for the farm Cloudlands in 1898, now a private nature reserve. A road was cut in 1917 to the Bunga Forest from Mutare (then Umtali), and by 1921 the road continued over and into the Burma Valley (Martin 2000). Within Zimbabwe, the Bvumba area is now nearly all on privately held land, much of it in small agricultural holdings, plantations or managed for conservation or ecotourism, including the famous Leopard Rock Hotel and golf course. There is a good road network and the area is well-settled with many properties, a number of which are used as holiday homes with many owners making strong efforts to conserve both the flora and bird life. Commercial farming in the Bvumba area includes dairy, Protea flowers, coffee, and with some wattle and Eucalyptus plantations. The only formal conservation areas are the Bvumba National Park and Botanic Gardens (201 ha) and the now much-expanded Bunga Forest Botanical Reserve (1,560 ha) managed by the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority. There are no formally conserved areas on the Mozambique side, although from recent Google Earth imagery much of Serra Vumba’s vegetation cover appears to be relatively intact and it may be protected by local traditions. Vegetation There are four broad vegetation types occurring in the Bvumba area ‒ montane grassland, Afromontane evergreen forest, high-rainfall miombo woodland, and secondary scrub savanna (Martin 2000). The edges of the forests are surrounded by a dense scrub of Pteridium, Smilax, Buddleja, Vangueria and Vernonia (Childes and Mundy 2001). In addition, there are plantations of exotic timber trees and cultivated or fallow agricultural land. It is possible that montane forest originally covered much of the Bvumba, principally owing to dry season precipitation in the form of low wet clouds (guti). But 98 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) there is little montane grassland, a vegetation type of great botanical significance in the Nyanga and Chimanimani areas (Timberlake et al. 2016a). It is not clear why this is so, but it might be due to the somewhat lower elevations of the Bvumba compared to Nyanga and/or the greater amount of winter precipitation that allows forest to sustain itself. The high-rainfall woodlands contain many epiphytic ferns and orchids, which also have a high frequency in montane forest. Burrows (1990) suggests that the Bvumba has perhaps the richest fern flora in southern Africa owing to the pervasive mists. Secondary scrub savanna is generally found on infertile or gravelly soils or in degraded forests or reverted agricultural land, and it is here that a number of invasive tree and shrub species are found (S. Childes, pers. obs.). Previous studies The Bvumba has seen much botanical activity and many collections over the last 50 years, but almost entirely from the Zimbabwe side. Two notable collectors were Norman Chase, who assembled over 8,000 specimens with meticulous notes, mostly from the Manica Highlands but with a large number from the Bvumba, and John Ball, for whom the Bvumba and Chimanimani provided the inspiration for his book on epiphytic orchids (Ball 1978). Other significant collectors include Hiram Wild, Darrel Plowes, Tom Müller and Hamish Gilliland. Three of the current authors (Mark Hyde, Petra Ballings and Bart Wursten) have collected extensively there over the last 20 years, and another (Susan Childes) runs a small forest and bird conservation area. Although no comprehensive overall checklist was available, detailed lists of the orchids and ferns of the broader area are found on the Vumba Nature website (Ballings and Wursten 2019) and a preliminary Bvumba plant list was compiled by Mark Hyde from a manuscript list by Norman Chase (Chase, no date) and Tree Society and Orchid Society records (Hyde 1999). The Bvumba Highlands are considered to be an Important Bird Area (IBA ZW004, Childes and Mundy 2001), known for the richness of its montane avifauna. The IBA is taken to be the area above 1200 m elevation, considered to be the lower limit for montane bird species (Harwin et al. 1994). A total of 242 bird species have been recorded, including three of global conservation concern. The only detailed plant ecological work done so far specifically in the Bvumba area is that by Plowes (2002), who looked at the impacts of the devastating Cyclone Eline on the 40-ha Bunga Forest in February 2000. He noted nearly 200 fallen trees that had created 46 patches totalling 1.57 ha, equivalent to a loss of 13% of forest cover. Gilliland (1938), in his study of the vegetation of Zimbabwe’s Manicaland, surprisingly does not mention areas this far south. During his major study on Eastern Zimbabwe’s moist forests (Müller 1999, 2006), Tom Müller recorded 37 georeferenced 50 × 50 m forest plots in the Bvumba area. These fell into seven of his 12 described forest types, with most being Type 5 (Syzygium guineense subsp. afromontanum montane forest, 10 plots), Type 7 (Mixed Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains 99 sub-montane forest, 8 plots) and Type 11 (Medium elevation forest, 8 plots). In addition, there were a few plots each of Type 6 (Regenerating montane forest), Type 8 (Craibia brevicaudata forest), Type 9 (Albizia-dominated regenerating forest) and Type 10 (Albizia schimperiana forest). Hence most of the Bvumba forest plots recorded fell into what Muller calls sub-montane forest, with only a few from the montane or medium elevation forest zones. An interesting finding is that of the 37 plots marked on aerial photographs from the early 1970s, only three have been obviously lost or damaged from what can be seen of their canopy cover using recent Google Earth imagery (most dating from June 2019). Although not formally documented, it does appear that disturbance over the last 100 years has led to a drying out of some of the forests and an invasion of alien plants (T. Müller, pers. comm. 2017). The impression (S. Childes, pers. obs.) is that the fern flora is moving towards the more generalist species and that some drought-sensitive species of angiosperms such as Streptocarpus umtaliensis and Cryptostephanus vansonii are reducing. Materials and methods As the Bvumba is well-documented botanically, with approximately a century of botanical collecting, a checklist approach to documenting plant diversity and endemism was decided upon in order to be comparable to floristic lists recently compiled for Nyanga massif (Clark et al. 2017) and the Chimanimani mountains (Wursten et al. 2017). The two main sources were (i) an extract of the Harare Herbarium (SRGH) database of all records containing the word ‘Vumba’ in the locality field, with any records obviously from below 1200 m elevation removed, and (ii) records from the Bvumba area above 1200 m elevation cited on the Flora of Zimbabwe website (https://www. zimbabweflora.co.zw/, Hyde et al. 2020). In addition to these there were (iii) records from published volumes of Flora Zambesiaca, (iv) orchid and pteridophyte records listed on the Nature Vumba website (Ballings and Wursten 2019), (v) confirmed records from an unpublished Bvumba checklist (Hyde 1999) including those cited as being from Chase’s list (Chase, no date), (vi) any additional records from forest plot studies undertaken by Müller in the 1970s (Müller 2006), and finally (vii) personal records from the authors. A herbarium specimen or record citation (i.e. from the Flora of Zimbabwe website) is given for each taxon, or a confirmed sighting (s.r.) indicated. If there was any uncertainty over an occurrence, the record was omitted. Families and species are listed alphabetically under pteridophytes, gymnosperms, monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Nomenclature and family arrangement follow those used on the Flora of Zimbabwe website (Hyde et al. 2020, accessed 1 February 2020). Pteridophyte families follow that used in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (2016). Species authorities are abbreviated following Brummitt and Powell (1992). Synonyms are given only for significant recent changes or for taxa that have been known or recorded locally under a different name (e.g. in Mapaura and Timberlake 100 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) 2004) or where confusion may occur. Where a taxon is believed to be endemic or near-endemic, this is indicated with an E or NE, respectively. Species that are said to be naturalised or introduced on the Flora of Zimbabwe website are indicated with an asterisk (*). Results and discussion The checklist contains 1250 taxa, comprising 137 pteridophytes, 2 gymnosperms and 1111 flowering plants (Table 1). Of these, 1127 are native species and 123 (9.8%) are naturalised or semi-naturalised introductions, most, unsurprisingly, being cosmopolitan weeds in the Asteraceae (25 species), Poaceae (8 species) and Amaranthaceae (7 species). The largest families represented in the checklist are shown in Table 2. In terms of species, there are three findings of particular note. First, there is a particularly high number of orchids (125 taxa across 276 km2), higher than might have been expected and significantly more than the number found in the more extensive Nyanga area above 1200 m elevation (92 taxa across 2181 km2; Clark et al. 2017) and in the Chimanimani mountains (97 taxa across 530 km2; Wursten et al. 2017). There are also a large number − 137 taxa − of pteridophytes (particularly ferns), compared to 136 taxa in the Nyanga area and just 105 in the Chimanimani. This is probably due to the greater moisture levels and frequent clouds in the Bvumba; the area is said to be possibly the richest locality for pteridophytes in southern Africa (Burrows 1990). The third point of interest, again possibly linked to the high precipitation levels, is the lack of the montane conifer Widdringtonia nodiflora on the Bvumba, a species Table 1. Total number of taxa and introduced taxa in the Bvumba checklist, by group. Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Monocotyledons Dicotyledons TOTAL No. taxa 137 2 336 775 1250 No. introduced 1 1 15 106 123 Table 2. The 10 largest families represented on the Bvumba checklist. Family Orchidaceae Asteraceae Fabaceae sensu lato Poaceae Rubiaceae Acanthaceae Lamiaceae Cyperaceae Aspleniacaeae (Pteridophyta) Apocynaceae No. taxa 125 119 93 93 59 33 29 28 27 22 Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains 101 that is locally common both in the Nyanga and Chimanimani areas as well as on Mt Mulanje in southern Malawi (where it also occurs with W. whytei) and Mt Gorongosa in Mozambique (Müller et al. 2008). Widdringtonia is generally found on the drier rain-shadow side of these large mountains. Endemics and taxa of restricted distribution There is only one taxon known to be endemic to the Bvumba, the epiphytic orchid Aeranthes africana. Noted just twice, it is apparently now not found in its first-recorded location in the forests near Castle Beacon (S. Childes, pers. comm.). This species was recently assessed using IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN 2001) as Critically Endangered (Timberlake 2020, in press) and could be almost extinct, but it is cryptic among the leaves of Podocarpus milanjianus and difficult to see except on fallen branches so may have been overlooked. Six other near-endemic taxa – here defined as taxa found only on nearby montane massifs such as Nyanga, Serra Choa, Stapleford, Banti/Himalaya and Tsetserra, but not including those also found on the Chimanimani or further afield (including Chirinda and Mt Gorongosa) – are found in the Bvumba area (Table 3). Two of them – Aloe cameronii var. bondana and Aloe inyangensis var. kimberleyana − are varieties of more widespread species and thus of lesser taxonomic significance; both have recently been assessed as Least Concern using IUCN criteria (Timberlake, in press). Of the remaining four taxa, Barleria fissimuroides is restricted to just the Bvumba area and a farm just over the border in Mozambique north of Mutare, but three are more widespread, being found from Serra Choa in Mozambique or over the border in Nyanga south to the Himalaya/Tsetserra area or, in the case of Anthospermum zimbabwense, to Mt Pene Table 3. Taxa of restricted distribution found in the Bvumba area. Family/species Asphodelaceae Aloe cameronii Hemsl. var. bondana Reynolds Aloe inyangensis Christian var. kimberleyana S.Carter Orchidaceae Aeranthes africana J.L.Stewart Acanthaceae Barleria fissimuroides I.Darbysh. Gesneriaceae Streptocarpus umtaliensis B.L.Burtt Loranthaceae Englerina oedostemon (Danser) Polhill & Wiens Rubiaceae Anthospermum zimbabwense Puff Distribution IUCN Red List assessment Troutbeck, Juliasdale, Bvumba Nyanga NP, Juliasdale, Stapleford, Bvumba LC LC Bvumba [endemic] CR D Bvumba, Quinta da Frontiera EN B2ab Serra Choa, Nyanga, Stapleford, Bvumba, Tsetserra LC Serra Choa, Nyanga, Stapleford, Mutare, Bvumba, Tsetserra – Nyanga, Stapleford, Bvumba, Himalaya, Mt Pene NT B1ab+2ab 102 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) in Chimanimani District. Only one of the near-endemic taxa is threatened, B. fissimuroides (Endangered, Darbyshire et al. 2019a). Also of note is the orchid Angraecum stella-africae, believed to be extinct in Zimbabwe (Mapaura and Timberlake 2002), but a small colony has been found on the Bvumba in recent years (Wursten 2007). This species has also been found in Malawi (Viphya, Mt Mulanje) and northern South Africa (Wolkberg Mountains) but is nowhere common. It is surprising that the Bvumba massif has so few endemic or near-endemic taxa, especially when compared to the Chimanimani Mountains (71 endemic taxa, Wursten et al. 2017) or the Nyanga area (19 endemic taxa, revised from Clark et al. 2017). This is obviously not due to under-collection, but possibly the result of the relatively small size of the Bvumba and the preponderance of forest vegetation compared to montane grassland and scrub habitats. Most Nyanga and Chimanimani endemics, for example, are found in montane grassland or montane scrub (Clark et al. 2017; Wursten et al. 2017), habitats poorly represented in the Bvumba and which are also substantially disturbed there. Introduced and invasive species There are 123 introduced species present in the Bvumba, a result of the diverse human activities there. Although most of these non-native species are benign, a handful are causing major problems. In contrast to other parts of the Manica Highlands, the Bvumba has a high proportion of introduced species that are garden escapes while the rest of the Manica Highlands is affected more by those from commercial forestry. Invasive woody invasive species on the Bvumba are typically those also found in other parts of the Manica Highlands, and include the Australian Acacia mearnsii (wattle) and A. melanoxylon (Australian Blackwood) and Pinus patula. Australian Blackwood is a particular problem, taking over tracts of open grassland and areas previously under Protea cultivation (S. Childes, pers. obs.). Other woody but non-commercial species that have naturalised and have invasive potential (based on evidence elsewhere in the region) are Bauhinia variegata var. variegata, Cinnamomum camphora, C. verum, Homalanthus populifolius, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Psidium cattleianum, P. guajava, Sambucus canadensis and Syzygium jambos. Classic invasive shrubs are Lantana camara and Solanum mauritianum, for which there are no easy management solutions, while Cestrum aurantiacum is clearly a local problem. A more recent challenge is Vernonanthura polyanthes – locally called ‘Beebush’ – which has become rampant since it spread into the Bvumba and Chimanimani areas after its introduction from Brazil to Mozambique (Timberlake et al. 2016b). It spreads rapidly into disturbed and burnt areas that were under wattle, blackwood or eucalyptus (S. Childes. pers. obs.). Clark et al. (2019) postulate that Cyclone Idai (March 2019) might have encouraged the spread of this wind-dispersed species even further afield, although it had earlier also been encountered on the Ribáuè mountains in northern Mozambique (I. Darbyshire, pers. comm. 2017). Indigenous montane forests are being invaded by the garden escap- Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains 103 ees Tradescantia fluminensis and T. zebrina, while perhaps the worst forest invader is Hedychium gardnerianum – a species that can transform the forest understory and has adverse effects on ground-foraging birds such as Orange Thrush (Geokichla gurneyi), Buff-spotted Flufftail (Sarothrura elegans) and Cinnamon Dove (Columba larvata) that need an open understory with leaf litter (S. Childes, pers. obs.). Limitations and future work Despite the detailed collections, this list is a compilation. As a result, some taxa may have been accidentally omitted whereas others that are found only below 1200 m elevation may have inadvertently been included. In particular, it should be recognised that there are virtually no records from Serra Vumba on the Mozambique side, an area that needs a more detailed collection. Similarly, the drier western slopes of the Bvumba in Zimbabwe have also been undercollected (J. Burrows, pers. comm.). However, with these provisos we estimate that the list is over 90% complete, suggesting a total indigenous flora of around 1250 taxa, of which approximately 1100 would be native flowering plants. The remaining data gaps for the botanical inventory of the Manica Highlands are centred on the areas immediately to the north and south of the Bvumba, namely Penhalonga-Stapleford and Banti-Himalaya-Tsetserra, respectively. However, some recent survey work has been conducted on Tsetserra and a list of the endemic and range-restricted species has been compiled for that area (J. Osborne, pers. comm.). In contrast to Nyanga, Chimanimani and Bvumba, which had comprehensive available data with which to work, both areas require detailed botanical collecting before reliable lists can be compiled. Acknowledgements Peter Linder and Nigel Barker are especially thanked for encouragement and support in the establishment of this initiative. Rhodes University, the University of Pretoria, the University of Zürich and the Afromontane Research Unit at the University of the Free State are thanked for logistical support. We are grateful to two reviewers, Iain Darbyshire and John Burrows, for useful comments on a draft. References Agritex (1989) Agro-Climatological Summaries and Analysis (rainfall and potential evapotranspiration) Volume II, Rainfall. 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Name / authority PTERIDOPHYTA Anemiaceae Pteris quadriaurita Retz subsp. catoptera (Kunze) Schelpe Mohria lepigera (Baker) Baker Mohria nudiuscula J.P.Roux Mohria vestita Baker Aspleniaceae Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm.f.) Bech. agg. Asplenium anisophyllum Kunze Asplenium blastophorum Hieron. Asplenium boltonii Brause & Hieron. Asplenium ceii Pic.Serm. Asplenium dregeanum Kunze Asplenium erectum Willd. Asplenium flexuosum Schrad. Asplenium formosum Willd. Asplenium friesiorum C.Chr. Asplenium gemmiferum Schrad. Asplenium hypomelas Kuhn Asplenium inaequilaterale Willd. Asplenium linckii Kuhn Asplenium lividum Kuhn Asplenium lobatum Pappe & Raws. Asplenium mannii Hook. Voucher Chase 7485 Chase 3823 Chase 7033 Ballings & Wursten 875 Chase 7044 Chase 3471 Müller 3071 Müller 3051 Ballings & Wursten 39 Chase 3457 Ballings & Wursten 40 Chase 3252 Burrows 2151 Chase 1018 Ballings s.r. Chase 7145 Chase 3516 Chase 5989 Chase 6571 Chase 3535 Chase 3526 Name / authority Asplenium monanthes L. Asplenium preussii Brause Asplenium protensum Schrad. Asplenium pumilum Sw. Asplenium rutifolium (P.J.Bergius) Kunze Asplenium sandersonii Hook. Asplenium simii A.F.Braithw.& Schelpe Asplenium stuhlmannii Hieron. Asplenium sulcatum Lam. Asplenium theciferum (Kunth) Mett. Athyriaceae Athyrium newtonii Baker Athyrium schimperi Feé Deparia boryana (Willd.) M.Kato Diplazium nemorale (Baker) Schelpe Diplazium zanzibaricum (Baker) C.Chr. Blechnaceae Blechnum attenuatum (Sw.) Mett. Blechnum tabulare (Thunb.) Kuhn Cyathea capensis (L.f.) Sm. Cyathea dregei Kunze Cyathea manniana Hook. Cyathea thomsonii Baker Davalliaceae Davallia chaerophylloides (Poir.) Steud. Dennstaedtiaceae Blotiella glabra (Bory) R.M.Tryon Blotiella natalensis (Hook.) R.M.Tryon Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J.Sm. Hypolepis sparsisora (Schrad.) Kuhn Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. capense (Thunb.) C.Chr. Didymochlaenaceae Didymochlaena truncatula (Sw.) J.Sm. Dryopteridaceae Arachniodes webbiana (A.Braun) Schelpe subsp. foliosa (C.Chr.) Gibby Ctenitis cirrhosa (Schumach.) Ching Dryopteris athamantica (Kunze) Kuntze Dryopteris kilemensis (Kuhn) Kuntze Dryopteris manniana (Hook.) C.Chr. Dryopteris pentheri (Krasser) C.Chr. Megalastrum lanuginosum (Kaulf.) Holttum Nothoperanema squamiseta (Hook.) Ching Polystichum transvaalense N.C.Anthony Polystichum zambesiacum Schelpe Gleicheniaceae Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw. Hymenophyllaceae Abrodictyum rigidum (Sw.) Ebihara & Dubuisson Crepidomanes inopinatum (Pic.Serm.) J.P.Roux Crepidomanes melanotrichum (Schltdl.) J.P.Roux Didymoglossum erosum (Willd.) J.P.Roux Hymenophyllum capense Schrad. Hymenophyllum kuhnii C.Chr. Polyphlebium borbonicum (Bosch.) Ebihara & Dubuisson Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum acrostichoides (Hook.& Grev.) Schelpe Elaphoglossum aubertii (Desv.) T.Moore Elaphoglossum kuhnii Hieron. Elaphoglossum lancifolium (Desv.) C.V.Morton Elaphoglossum lastii (Baker) C.Chr. Elaphoglossum macropodium (Fée) T.Moore Elaphoglossum spathulatum (Bory) T.Moore var. spathulatum Lycopodiaceae Huperzia dacrydioides (Baker) Pic.Serm. Huperzia ophioglossoides (Lam.) Rothm. Voucher Chase 4663 Burrows 1667 Chase 3514 Chase 6990 Chase 3137 Chase 3490 Chase 7253 Chase 3495 Chase 6558 Ballings & Wursten 19 Ballings & Wursten 860 Chase 4407 Ballings & Wursten 857 Chase 5701 Chase 6092 Chase 3421 Chase 3356 Eyles 3639 Chase 6047 Chase 6696 Chase 6219 Chase 31810 Chase 6275 Chase 3364 Fisher 1303 Chase 4585 Wursten & Ballings 1194 Fisher 1330 Ballings & Wursten s.r. Ballings & Wursten s.r. Chase 1048 Chase 2034 Chase 6572 Ballings & Wursten 24 Ballings & Wursten 877 Burrows 1910 Chase 1104 Chase 7489 Ballings 7 Burrows 2383 Ballings & Wursten 853 Chase 3302 Wild 6443 Burrows 2681 Ballings & Wursten 1623 Ballings & Wursten 60 Chase 6287 Chase 4509 Chase 3413 Chase 3308 Chase 118 Chase 2194 Burrows 2376 Chase 1121 Chase 1137 Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains Name / authority Huperzia verticillata (L.f.) Trevis. Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic.Serm. Lycopodium clavatum L. Lygodiaceae Lygodium kerstenii Kuhn Marattiaceae Ptisana fraxinea (Sm.) Murdock var. salicifolia (Schrad.) Murdock Nephrolepidaceae Nephrolepis undulata (Sw.) J.Sm. Oleandraceae Oleandra distenta Kunze Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum gomezianum A.Braun Ophioglossum polyphyllum A.Braun var. polyphyllum Ophioglossum reticulatum L. Osmundaceae Osmunda regalis L. Polypodiaceae Belvisia spicata (L.f.) Copel. Lepisorus excavatus (Willd.) Ching Lepisorus schraderi (Mett.) Ching Loxogramme abyssinica (Baker) M.G.Price Microgramma mauritiana (Willd.) Tardieu Microsorum pappei (Kuhn) Tardieu Pleopeltis macrocarpa (Willd.) Kaulf. Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) E.G.Andrews & Windham subsp. ecklonii (Kunze) J.P.Roux Pyrrosia rhodesiana (C.Chr.) Schelpe Pyrrosia schimperiana (Kuhn) Alston var. schimperiana Pteridaceae Actiniopteris dimorpha Pic.Serm. subsp. dimorpha Actiniopteris radiata (Sw.) Link Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Adiantum poiretii Wikstr. *Adiantum raddianum C.Presl Pityrogramma argentea (Willd.) Domin Pteris catoptera Kunze Pteris cretica L. Pteris dentata Forssk. Pteris friesii Hieron. Pteris vittata L. Vittaria guineensis Desv. var. orientalis Hieron. Vittaria isoetifolia Bory Vittaria volkensii Hieron. Selaginellaceae Selaginella dregei (C.Presl) Hieron. Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A.Braun Selaginella mittenii Baker Sinopteridaceae Cheilanthes bergiana Schltdl. Cheilanthes buchananii (Baker) Domin Cheilanthes involuta (Sw.) Schelpe & N.C.Anthony var. obscura (N.C.Anthony) N.C.Anthony Cheilanthes leachii (Schelpe) Schelpe Cheilanthes multifida N.C.Anthony & Schelpe Cheilanthes quadripinnata (Forssk.) Kuhn Cheilanthes viridis (Forssk.) Sw. var. glauca (Sim) Schelpe & N.C.Anthony Cheilanthes viridis (Forssk.) Sw. var. viridis Pellaea calomelanos (Sw.) Link var. calomelanos Pellaea calomelanos (Sw.) Link var. swynnertoniana (Sim) Schelpe Pellaea doniana Hook. Pellaea dura (Willd.) Hook. var. dura Pellaea pectiniformis Baker Tectariaceae Arthropteris monocarpa (Cordem.) C.Chr. Arthropteris orientalis (J.F.Gmel.) Posth. var. orientalis Tectaria gemmifera (Feé) Alston 109 Voucher Chase 3140 Ballings & Wursten 20 FoZ #4033 Chase 2024 Ballings & Wursten 31 Chase 3307 Chase 3389 Burrows & Burrows 5193 Ballings & Wursten s.r. Ballings & Wursten 131 Chase 7139 Burrows 2380 Ballings & Wursten 10 Ballings & Wursten 14 Ballings & Wursten 15 Wild & Chase 78 Chase 7113 Ballings & Wursten 18 Ballings & Wursten 80 Chase 1038 Wursten & Ballings 81 Chase 7578 Chase 5576 Ballings & Wursten 1431 Chase 4630 Chase 4688 Chase 3173 Ballings & Wursten 114 Chase 3525 Fisher 1547 Ballings & Wursten 78 Ballings & Wursten 83 Chase 6641 Fisher 1549 Ballings & Wursten 144 Chase 1126 Chase 4035 Chase 5622 Chase 4591 Burrows 2324 Chase 3469 Ballings & Wursten 67 Chase 3979 Chase 4010 Ballings & Wursten 68 Chase 7141a Ballings & Wursten 64 Chase 4413 Chase 2028 Chase 5591 Chase 4412 Chase 3506 Chase 2007 Chase 3519 110 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) Name / authority Thelypteridaceae Amauropelta bergiana (Schltdl.) Holltum var. bergiana Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy Christella gueinziana (Mett.) Holttum Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H.Itô Pneumatopteris unita (Kunze) Holttum Pseudocyclosorus pulcher (Willd.) Holttum Thelypteris confluens (Thunb.) Morton GYMNOSPERMAE Pinaceae *Pinus patula Schltdl.& Cham. Podocarpaceae Podocarpus milanjianus Rendle MONOCOTYLEDONS Agavaceae *Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. Amaryllidaceae Boophone disticha (L.f.) Herb. Crinum macowanii Baker Cryptostephanus vansonii I.Verd. Cyrtanthus galpinii Baker *Nothoscordum borbonicum Kunth Tulbaghia alliacea (L.f.) Thunb. Anthericaceae Chlorophytum andongense Baker Chlorophytum bowkeri Baker Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacq. Chlorophytum gallabatense Baker Chlorophytum galpinii (Baker) Kativu Chlorophytum macrosporum Baker Araceae Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. subsp. albomaculata Arecaceae Phoenix reclinata Jacq. Asparagaceae Asparagus africanus Lam. Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Wight Asparagus falcatus L. var. falcatus Asparagus laricinus Burch. Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop Asparagus virgatus Baker Asphodelaceae Aloe arborescens Mill. Aloe cameronii Hemsl. var. bondana Reynolds NE Aloe excelsa A.Berger var. excelsa Aloe inyangensis Christian var. kimberleyana S.Carter NE Aloe pretoriensis Pole-Evans Aloe rhodesiana Rendle Aloe swynnertonii Rendle Bulbine latifolia (L.f.) Roem.& Schult.f. Kniphofia linearifolia Baker Behniaceae Behnia reticulata (Thunb.) Didr. Colchicaceae Androcymbium striatum A.Rich. Gloriosa superba L. Commelinaceae Aneilema aequinoctiale (P.Beauv.) Loudon Aneilema welwitschii C.B.Clarke Commelina africana L. Commelina welwitschii C.B.Clarke Cyanotis speciosa (L.f.) Hassk. subsp. speciosa *Gibasis pellucida (M.Martens & Galeotti) Hunt Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan *Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. Voucher Ballings & Wursten 29 Burrows 1636 Chase 3377 Ballings & Wursten 82 Ballings & Wursten 21 Chase 6698 Ballings & Wursten 23 FoZ #3770 Chase 5477 FoZ #40164 FoZ #353 FoZ #356 Bamps 711 FoZ #359 FoZ #15 Chase 4187 Chase 7321 FoZ #4051 Jacobsen 3051 Wild 5570 FoZ #32168 Chase 1452 FoZ #34616 FoZ #15154 Ferrar 4084 FoZ #2885 FoZ #2698 FoZ #249 Chase 1623 Müller 3374 FoZ #6111 Christian 450 FoZ #3451 Plowes 2021 Chase 5603 FoZ #3817 FoZ #3458 FoZ #6231 FoZ #633 Grosvenor 267 FoZ #529 FoZ #1046 FoZ #37419 Bamps 684 FoZ #33055 FoZ #33108 Chase 609 FoZ #18940 Hopkins 7097 FoZ #36272 Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains Name / authority *Tradescantia zebrina Bosse Cyperaceae Bulbostylis burchellii (Ficalho & Hiern) C.B.Clarke Bulbostylis hispidula (Vahl) R.W.Haines Bulbostylis schoenoides (Kunth) C.B.Clarke Carex spicato-paniculata C.B.Clarke Coleochloa setifera (Ridl.) Gilly Costularia natalensis C.B.Clarke Cyperus albostriatus Schrad. Cyperus amabilis Vahl Cyperus cuspidatus Kunth Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze Cyperus denudatus L.f. var. denudatus Cyperus distans L.f. Cyperus hemisphaericus Boeck. Cyperus involucratus Rottb. Cyperus pseudoleptocladus Kük. Cyperus pseudovestitus (C.B. Clarke) Kük. Cyperus rigidifolius Steud. Cyperus tenuispica Steud. Cyperus zambesiensis C.B.Clarke Fuirena stricta Steud. var. stricta Kyllinga crassipes Boeck. Kyllinga odorata Vahl Kyllinga sp.cf. erecta Schumach.& Thonn. Kyllinga squamulata Vahl Lipocarpha nana (A.Rich.) Cherm. Mariscus albopilosus C.B.Clarke Mariscus hemisphaericus (Boeck.) C.B.Clarke Pycreus pelophilus (Ridl.) C.B.Clarke Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax Dioscorea schimperiana Kunth Dioscorea sylvatica Eckl. Dracaenaceae Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker-Gawl. Dracaena mannii Baker Dracaena steudneri Engl. Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon inyangense Arw. Eriospermaceae Eriospermum mackenii (Hook.f.) Baker subsp. mackenii Hyacinthaceae Albuca kirkii (Baker) Brenan Bowiea volubilis Hook.f. Drimia elata Jacq. Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt. subsp. autumnalis (=E. zambesiaca Baker) Ledebouria unidentified sp.no.1. Litanthus pusillus Harv. (=Drimia uniflora J.C.Manning & Goldblatt) Stellarioides tenuifolia (F.Delaroche) Speta subsp. tenuifolia (=Ornithogalum tenuifolium F.Delaroche) Hydrocharitaceae Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis galpinii Baker Hypoxis nyasica Baker Hypoxis rigidula Baker Iridaceae Anomatheca grandiflora Baker (=Freesia grandiflora (Baker) Klatt) Aristea abyssinica Pax Aristea angolensis Baker Aristea ecklonii Baker Aristea woodii N.E.Br. Crocosmia aurea (Hook.) Planch. subsp. aurea Crocosmia paniculata (Klatt) Goldblatt Dierama formosum Hilliard 111 Voucher FoZ #40886 Jacobsen 3126 Browning 566 FoZ #14528 Chase 7425 Bamps 606 Fisher 1643 Chase 8114 Browning 576 Browning 554 FoZ #15126 Browning 281 Jacobsen 3028 FoZ #5797 Loveridge 1094 Jacobsen 3026 Chase 5561 Jacobsen 3023 Browning 555 Müller 3487 Browning 574 Jacobsen 3024 Jacobsen 3025 Hyde s.r. FoZ #6523 Browning 550 Jacobsen 3047 Jacobsen 3027 Browning 556 FoZ #19137 Müller 3376 FoZ #19141 Chase 1440 Chase 875 Müller plot 76 Wild 5540 Ferrar s.n. Ferrar 4040 Chase 362 FoZ #7512 Plowes 2240 FoZ #41510 FoZ #69141 FoZ #863 Whellan 1561 FoZ #15385 FoZ #53770 Zimudzi 57 FoZ #5749 FoZ #791 Garley 119 Chase 63 Wild 2845 Chase 5488 Chase 6315 Chase 6023 112 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) Name / authority Dietes iridioides (L.) Klatt Gladiolus crassifolius Baker Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel subsp. dalenii Gladiolus flavoviridis Goldblatt Hesperantha petitiana (A.Rich.) Baker Moraea spathulata (L.f.) Klatt Juncaceae Juncus oxycarpus Kunth Liliaceae *Lilium formosanum (Baker) Wallace Musaceae Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman Orchidaceae Aerangis kotschyana (Rchb.f.) Schltr. Aerangis mystacidii (Rchb.f.) Schltr. Aeranthes africana J.L.Stewart E Angraecopsis amaniensis Summerh. Angraecopsis parviflora (Thouars) Schltr. Angraecum chamaeanthus Schltr. Angraecum conchiferum Lindl. Angraecum minus Summerh. Angraecum sacciferum Lindl. Angraecum stella-africae P.J.Cribb Bolusiella iridifolia (Rolfe) Schltr. subsp. picea P.J.Cribb Bonatea steudneri (Rchb.f.) T.Durand & Schinz Brachycorythis lastii Rolfe Brachycorythis ovata Lindl. subsp. welwitschii (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Brachycorythis pleistophylla Rchb.f. subsp. pleistophylla Brownleea maculata P.J.Cribb Brownleea parviflora Lindl. Bulbophyllum ballii P.J.Cribb Bulbophyllum elliotii Rolfe Bulbophyllum fuscum Lindl. var. melinostachyum (Schltr.) J.J.Verm. Bulbophyllum josephii (Kuntze) Summerh. Bulbophyllum longiflorum Thouars Bulbophyllum maximum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum sandersonii (Hook.f.) Rchb.f. subsp. sandersonii Bulbophyllum scaberulum (Rolfe) Bolus Bulbophyllum unifoliatum De Wild. var. infracarinatum (G.Will.) J.J.Verm. Calanthe sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl. Cynorkis anacamptoides Kraenzl. var. anacamptoides Cynorkis debilis (Hook.f.) Summerh. (=C. hanningtonii Rolfe) Cynorkis kassneriana Kraenzl. Cynorkis kirkii Rolfe Cyrtorchis arcuata (Lindl.) Schltr. subsp. arcuata Cyrtorchis praetermissa Summerh. subsp. praetermissa Cyrtorchis ringens (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Diaphananthe fragrantissima (Rchb.f.) Schltr. Diaphananthe rutila (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Diaphananthe stolzii Schltr. Diaphananthe subsimplex Summerh. Diaphananthe xanthopollinia (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Disa aconitoides Sond. subsp. concinna (N.E.Br.) H.P.Linder Disa fragrans Schltr. subsp. fragrans Disperis anthoceros Rchb.f. Disperis dicerochila Summerh. Disperis lindleyana Rchb.f. Disperis virginalis Schltr. Eulophia callichroma Rchb.f. Eulophia cucullata (Sw.) Steud. Eulophia eylesii Summerh. Eulophia fridericii (Rchb.f.) A.V.Hall Eulophia gonychila Schltr. Eulophia hians Spreng. var. hians Eulophia horsfallii (Bateman) Summerh. Voucher Biegel 2422 Plowes 2020 FoZ #796 FoZ #35667 Chase 6036 FoZ #2397 FoZ #40749 FoZ #674 FoZ #1060 Chase 7083 Chase 5574 Ball 1283 FoZ #1000 FoZ #34512 FoZ #991 Chase 44 Chase 5997 Ferrar 3979 FoZ #995 Wild 2803 Ball 443 FoZ #4871 Chase 4213 Chase 5548 Chase 217 Chase 6013 Chase 6170 Wild 2808 Wild 2813 Wild 2804 Ball 1378 Chase 992 Wild 5544 FoZ #1017 FoZ #1019 Chase 7333 FoZ #34629 Chase 5541 Wild 2798 FoZ #99847 Ball 1423 FoZ #33087 FoZ #2478 FoZ #21698 Wild 6446 Ball 1303 Ball 1406 Ball 1236 Chase 6268 Chase 4065 Wild 2816 FoZ #2374 Chase 7030 Wild 2810 Symoens et al. 669 FoZ #4873 Chase 5562 Ball 440 Chase 5572 FoZ #21961 Ball 5256 Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains Name / authority Eulophia norlindhii Summerh. Eulophia nyasae Rendle Eulophia parviflora (Lindl.) A.V.Hall Eulophia petersii (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. Eulophia rolfeana Kraenzl. (=E. williamsonii P.J.Cribb) Eulophia speciosa (Lindl.) Bolus Eulophia streptopetala Lindl. Eulophia tenella Rchb.f. Eulophia venulosa Rchb.f. Habenaria amoena Summerh. Habenaria armatissima Rchb.f. Habenaria cornuta Lindl. Habenaria galpinii Bolus Habenaria macrostele Summerh. Habenaria malacophylla Rchb.f. Habenaria nyikana Rchb.f. subsp. nyikana Habenaria praestans Rendle var. praestans Habenaria rautaneniana Kraenzl. Habenaria silvatica Schltr. Habenaria subaequalis Summerh. Jumellea walleri (Rolfe) la Croix Liparis bowkeri Harv. Liparis mulindana Schltr. Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. Malaxis weberbaueriana (Kraenzl.) Summerh. (=M. stolzii (Schltr.) Summerh.) Microcoelia exilis Lindl. Microcoelia globulosa (Ridl.) L.Jonss. Microcoelia stolzii (Schltr.) Summerh. Mystacidium tanganyikense Summerh. (incl. M. pusillum sensu Wild 6442) Nervilia ballii G.Will. Nervilia crociformis (Zoll.& Moritzi) Seidenf. Nervilia kotschyi (Rchb.f.) Schltr. var. purpurata (Rchb.f.& Sond.) Börge Pett. Nervilia pectinata P.J.Cribb Nervilia shirensis (Rolfe) Schltr. Orthochilus eustachyus (Rchb.f.) Bytebier Orthochilus mechowii Rchb.f. Orthochilus milnei (Rchb.f.) Bytebier (=Eulophia milnei Rchb.f.) Orthochilus odontoglossus (Rchb.f.) Bytebier Platycoryne pervillei Rchb.f. Polystachya adansoniae Rchb.f. Polystachya albescens Ridl. subsp. imbricata (Rolfe) Summerh. Polystachya caespitifica Engl. subsp. hollandii (Bolus) P.J.Cribb & Podz. Polystachya campyloglossa Rolfe [incl. P. ottoniana sensu Ball 1282, Chase 86] Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & H.R.Sweet (=P. tessellata Lindl.) Polystachya cultriformis (Thouars) Spreng. Polystachya fusiformis (Thouars) Lindl. Polystachya golungensis Rchb.f. Polystachya modesta Rchb.f. Polystachya simplex Rendle Polystachya stuhlmannii Kraenzl. Polystachya subumbellata P.J.Cribb & Podz. Polystachya transvaalensis Schltr. Polystachya vaginata Summerh. Polystachya zambesiaca Rolfe Rangaeris muscicola (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Satyrium anomalum Schltr. Satyrium chlorocorys Rolfe Satyrium longicauda Lindl. Satyrium trinerve Lindl. Solenangis conica (Schltr.) L.Jonss. Stenoglottis woodii Schltr. Stenoglottis zambesiaca Rolfe (incl. S. fimbriata sensu Summerh.) Stolzia repens (Rolfe) Summerh. var. obtusa G.Will. Stolzia repens (Rolfe) Summerh. var. repens Taeniophyllum coxii (Summerh.) Summerh. 113 Voucher Wild s.n. Ball 717 Chase 3075 Chase 51 Beasley 121 Chase 4180 FoZ #3623 Wild 6746 Ball 586 Ballings s.r. Ball 442 Ball 522 Ball 528 Chase 6050 Chase 4403 FoZ #7002 Chase 206 Chase 6348 Chase 6334 Wild 2806 Wild 3223 Grosvenor 784 Ball 1267 FoZ #1411 Chase 6363 Ferrar s.n. FoZ #5781 Ball 1392 FoZ #2455 Ball 585 Ball 1407 Ball 511 Ball 410 Chase 6235 FoZ #2854 FoZ #102482 Jacobsen 3030 FoZ #37451 FoZ #4075 Chase 5609 Drummond 5097 FoZ #36207 Ball 1282 Chase 4400 Grosvenor 659 FoZ #1659 Ball 1329 FoZ #15642 Ball 1377 Philcox et al. 8959 Wild 6445 FoZ #1667 Wild 2977 Ball 1364 Plowes 2893 FoZ #1415 Chase 6014 Hopkins 7077 FoZ #34622 FoZ #3052 Woodburn 30b Chase 6018 Ball 1398 Wild 2811 FoZ #64342 114 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) Name / authority Tridactyle anthomaniaca (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Tridactyle bicaudata (Lindl.) Schltr. Tridactyle inaequilonga (De Wild.) Schltr. Tridactyle tricuspis (Bolus) Schltr. Tridactyle tridactylites (Rolfe) Schltr. Tridactyle tridentata (Harv.) Schltr. Vanilla polylepis Summerh. Ypsilopus erectus (P.J.Cribb) P.J.Cribb & J.L.Stewart Poaceae Agrostis lachnantha Nees Andropogon eucomus Nees subsp. eucomus Andropogon eucomus Nees subsp. huillensis (Rendle) Sales Andropogon schirensis A.Rich. Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst. Bewsia biflora (Hack.) Gooss. Brachypodium flexum Nees *Briza maxima L. *Briza minor L. *Bromus catharticus Vahl *Cenchrus clandestinus (Chiov.) Morrone (=Pennisteum clandestinum Chiov.) Coelachne africana Pilg. Craspedorhachis africana Benth. Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Digitaria diagonalis (Nees) Stapf Digitaria eriantha Steud. Digitaria gazensis Rendle Digitaria maitlandii Stapf & C.E.Hubb. Digitaria scalarum (Schweinf.) Chiov. Diheteropogon amplectens (Nees) Clayton var. catangensis (Chiov.) Clayton Ehrharta erecta Lam. Eleusine africana Kenn.-O’Byrne Elionurus muticus (Spreng.) Kuntze Eragrostis acraea De Winter Eragrostis capensis (Thunb.) Trin. Eragrostis chapelieri (Kunth) Nees Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Janch. Eragrostis congesta Oliv. Eragrostis hispida K.Schum. Eragrostis patens Oliv. Eragrostis plana Nees Eragrostis racemosa (Thunb.) Steud. Eragrostis sclerantha Nees subsp. villosipes (Jedwabn.) Launert Eragrostis tenuifolia (A.Rich.) Steud. Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem.& Schult. Hyparrhenia anamesa Clayton Hyparrhenia cymbaria (L.) Stapf Hyparrhenia filipendula (Hochst.) Stapf Hyparrhenia newtonii (Hack.) Stapf var. macra Stapf Hyparrhenia newtonii (Hack.) Stapf var. newtonii Hyparrhenia nyassae (Rendle) Stapf Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. Isachne mauritiana Kunth Ischaemum fasciculatum Brongn. Koeleria capensis (Steud.) Nees *Lolium multiflorum Lam. Loudetia flavida (Stapf ) C.E.Hubb. Loudetia simplex (Nees) C.E.Hubb. Melinis ambigua Hack. subsp. ambigua Melinis minutiflora P.Beauv. Melinis nerviglumis (Franch.) Zizka Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka subsp. grandiflora (Hochst.) Zizka Microchloa caffra Nees Monocymbium ceresiiforme (Nees) Stapf Olyra latifolia L. Voucher Grosvenor 862 Plowes 2892 Obermeyer 2087 Chase 6101 Ball 160 FoZ #15348 Plowes 2667 Ball 1315 Corby 244 FoZ #15338 Hyde s.r. Pope et al. 6608 Chase 7096 Pope et al 6606 Hyde 97 FoZ #93 FoZ #95 Hyde 297 FoZ #4006 Biegel 2427 Runhaar 844 Runhaar 77 Hyde s.r. Rattray 1460 Cleghorn 1360 Hyde s.r. Fisher 1127 Allison s.n. FoZ #15215 Corby 247 FoZ #16428 Corby 249 Crook P70 Runhaar 840 Fisher 220 Crook 1050 Corby 262 FoZ #15208 Runhaar 761 Wild 2 Corby 261 Runhaar 757 FoZ #15225 Hyde s.r. Hyde 345 Hyde 350 Hyde s.r. Corby 246 Runhaar 762 Runhaar 764 FoZ #37404 Crook 2016 Runhaar 767 Corby 268 Corby 269 Rattray 1457 FoZ #16425 Runhaar 838 Fisher 1596 Hyde 295 Schweickert 227 Corby 264 Hyde 72 Müller 3381 Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains Name / authority Oplismenus burmannii (Retz.) P.Beauv. Oplismenus compositus (L.) P.Beauv. Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P.Beauv. Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem.& Schult. Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A.Rich.) Munro Panicum inaequilatum Stapf & C.E.Hubb. Panicum laticomum Nees Panicum maximum Jacq. Panicum monticola Hook.f. Panicum wiehei Renvoize *Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Paspalum scrobiculatum L. *Paspalum urvillei Steud. Perotis patens Gand. *Poa annua L. Poecilostachys oplismenoides (Hack.) Clayton (=Chloachne oplismenoides (Hack.) Robyns) Pogonarthria squarrosa (Roem.& Schult.) Pilg. Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf Rhytachne rottboellioides Desv. Sacciolepis typhura (Stapf ) Stapf Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov. Setaria megaphylla (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Moss Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. Sporobolus acinifolius Stapf Sporobolus molleri Hack. Sporobolus piliferus (Trin.) Kunth Sporobolus pyramidalis P.Beauv. Sporobolus sanguineus Rendle Stereochlaena cameronii (Stapf ) Pilg. Streblochaete longiarista (A.Rich.) Pilg. Themeda triandra Forssk. Tragus berteronianus Schult. Tricholaena monachne (Trin.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. Tristachya nodiglumis K.Schum. Urochloa oligotricha (Fig.& De Not.) Henrard Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton nodosus Poir. Potamogeton octandrus Poir. Potamogeton pusillus L. Smilaceae Smilax anceps Willd. Strelitziaceae Strelitzia caudata R.A.Dyer Typhaceae Typha capensis (Rohrb.) N.E.Br. Velloziaceae Xerophyta sp. Xyridaceae Xyris obscura N.E.Br. Zingiberaceae Aframomum albiflorum Lock Aframomum angustifolium (Sonn.) K.Schum. *Hedychium gardnerianum Ker Gawl. Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L.Burtt DICOTYLEDONS Acanthaceae Anisotes pubinervis (T.Anderson) Heine (=Metarungia pubinervia (T.Anderson) C.B.Clarke) Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson subsp. micrantha (Nees) Ensermu Barleria aromatica Oberm. Barleria fissimuroides I.Darbysh. NE Barleria spinulosa Klotzsch subsp. kirkii (T.Anderson) I.Darbysh. Barleria ventricosa Nees Brillantaisia cicatricosa Lindau (=B. ulugurica Lindau) 115 Voucher Pope 3728 Müller 3047 Rattray 1449 Runhaar 752a Chase 2172 Crook 2020 Müller s.n. Rattray 1458 Runhaar 755 Drummond 5094 Hyde s.r. FoZ #15125 FoZ #2054 Wild 5 Hyde 103 Chase 1144 Hyde s.r. Runhaar 842 Hyde s.r. Chase 7836 Pope 6607 FoZ #33050 Müller 3078 Wild 1 FoZ #2086 Hyde 94 Hyde s.r. Hyde s.r. FoZ #15122 Hyde 135 Hyde s.r. Müller 3377 FoZ #15216 Crook 1052 FoZ #15211 Chase 7835 Sheppard 43 FoZ #7454 Chase 5981 Denny 1315 Wild 496 FoZ #1208 FoZ #99860 Hyde s.r. Chase 6027 FoZ #39633 FoZ #34511 FoZ #294 Eyles 6962 Chase 8161 Chase 2154 Hopkins 8049 Chase s.n. Chase 6495 FoZ #24678 Chase 854 116 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) Name / authority Voucher FoZ #1238 Dicliptera clinopodia Nees Dicliptera extenta S.Moore Müller 3042 Dyschoriste nagchana (Nees) Bennet FoZ #33058 Carter 2123 Dyschoriste trichocalyx (Oliv.) Lindau subsp. verticillaris (C.B.Clarke) Vollesen (=D. verticillaris C.B.Clarke) Hypoestes aristata (Vahl) Roem.& Schult. Carter 2119 Chase 6493 Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) Roem.& Schult. subsp. forskaolii *Hypoestes phyllostachya Baker FoZ #36366 Müller 3404 Isoglossa gregorii (S.Moore) Lindau Isoglossa milanjiensis S.Moore (=I. mossambicensis Lindau) Chase 7104 Chase 2159 Justicia betonica L. Justicia bracteata (Hochst.) Zarb (=Monochema debile (Forssk.) Nees) Chase 4557 Wild 2838 Justicia matammensis (Schweinf.) Oliv. Chase 5578 Justicia nyassana Lindau Justicia phyllostachys C.B.Clarke FoZ #15150 Justicia striata (Klotzsch) Bullock FoZ #28977 Chase 5721 Mellera lobulata S.Moore Mimulopsis solmsii Schweinf. FoZ #1616 Chase 786 Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet subsp. imbricata Pseuderanthemum subviscosum (C.B.Clarke) Stapf Chase 1785 FoZ #33086 Ruellia cordata Thunb. Hopkins 7093 Sclerochiton harveyanus Nees Thunbergia alata Sims Obermeyer 2141 Thunbergia natalensis Hook. Biegel 2421 FoZ #3602, Chase 4689 Thunbergia oblongifolia Oliv. (incl. T. lancifolia sensu Mapaura & Timberlake) Thunbergia petersiana Lindau Grosvenor 783 FoZ #228 Thunbergia usambarica Lindau Achariaceae Chase 7797 Kiggelaria africana L. Rawsonia lucida Harv.& Sond. Fisher 1513 Amaranthaceae Müller 3090 *Achyranthes aspera L. var. pubescens (Moq.) C.C.Towns. Chase 2151 *Achyranthes aspera L. var. sicula L. *Alternanthera caracasana Kunth FoZ #15032 FoZ #37392 *Amaranthus hybridus L. Amaranthus lividus L. subsp. polygonoides (Moq.) Probst FoZ #15033 FoZ #4876 Centemopsis gracilenta (Hiern) Schinz *Chenopodium ambrosioides L. FoZ #41453 FoZ #25901 *Chenopodium album L. Cyathula cylindrica Moq. Schelpe 363 FoZ #301 Cyathula uncinulata (Schrad.) Schinz *Gomphrena celosioides Mart. FoZ #33043 Anacardiaceae Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl. var. edulis FoZ #15148 FoZ #3612 *Mangifera indica L. Searsia chirindensis (Baker f.) Moffett (=Rhus chirindensis Baker f.) Müller 3596 Müller 806 Searsia dentata (Thunb.) F.A.Barkley (=Rhus dentata Thunb.) Searsia longipes (Engl.) Moffett var. longipes (=Rhus longipes Engl. var. longipes) Loveridge 1090 Searsia lucida (L.) F.A.Barkley (=Rhus lucida L.) Chase 7358 Müller 3619 Searsia natalensis (C.Krauss) F.A.Barkley (=Rhus natalensis C.Krauss) Searsia tomentosa (L.) F.A.Barkley (=Rhus tomentosa L.) FoZ #26271 Annonaceae FoZ #15212 Annona senegalensis Pers. subsp. senegalensis Artabotrys monteiroae Oliv. Chase 5822 Müller 3075 Monanthotaxis chasei (N.Robson) Verdc. Uvaria lucida Benth. subsp. virens (N.E.Br.) Verdc. Müller 3094 Xylopia parviflora (A.Rich.) Benth. Müller 3618 Aphloiaceae Chase 517 Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn. Apiaceae FoZ #7647 Alepidea peduncularis A.Rich. *Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) Benth. FoZ #98903 Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. FoZ #24588 Centella virgata (L.f.) Drude var. gracilescens Domin Chase 6116 Symoens et al. 667 Diplolophium buchananii (Oliv.) C.Norman subsp. swynnertonii (Baker f.) Cannon Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains Name / authority Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham.& Schltdl. var. abyssinica (A.Rich.) H.Wolff Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham.& Schltdl. var. montana P.J.D.Winter Hydrocotyle mannii Hook.f. Pimpinella caffra (Eckl.& Zeyh.) D.Dietr. Sanicula elata D.Don Steganotaenia araliacea Hochst. var. araliacea Apocynaceae Asclepias cucullata (Schltr.) Schltr. subsp. scabrifolia (S.Moore) Goyder Carissa bispinosa (L.) Brenan subsp. zambesiensis Kupicha Carissa spinarum L. (=C. edulis (Forssk.) Vahl) Ceropegia abyssinica Decne. Ceropegia lugardae N.E.Br. Cryptolepis oblongifolia Schltr. Cynanchum umtalense Liede (=Cynanchum sp. no.1) Glossostelma carsonii (N.E.Br.) Bullock Huernia hislopii Turrill subsp. hislopii Landolphia buchananii (Hallier f.) Stapf Landolphia kirkii Hook.f. Margaretta rosea Oliv. subsp. whytei (K.Schum.) M.Mwanyambo Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels Pachycarpus chirindensis (S.Moore) Goyder Rauvolfia caffra Sond. Secamone alpini Schult. Sphaerocodon caffrum (Meisn.) Schltr. Strophanthus speciosus (Ward & Harv.) Reber Tabernaemontana stapfiana Britten Tabernaemontana ventricosa A.DC. Tylophora anomala N.E.Br. (=Cynanchum chirindense S.Moore) Tylophora sp.no. 2 cf. tenuipedunculata (Müller 2841) Aquifoliaceae Ilex mitis (L.) Radlk. var. mitis Araliaceae Cussonia arborea A.Rich. Cussonia spicata Thunb. Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms Schefflera goetzenii Harms Schefflera umbellifera (Sond.) Baill. Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia albida Duch. Asteraceae *Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze Adenostemma mauritianum DC. *Ageratum conyzoides L. *Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Anisopappus chinensis (L.) Hook.f.& Arn. subsp. chinensis var. dentatus (DC.) S.Ortíz, Paiva & Rodr.Oubiña Anisopappus kirkii (Oliv.) Brenan Aspilia mossambicensis (Oliv.) Wild Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. subsp. pluriseta Athrixia rosmarinifolia (Walp.) Oliv.& Hiern var. rosmarinifolia Berkheya setifera DC. Berkheya zeyheri (Sond.& Harv.) Oliv.& Hiern *Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr.& Sherff *Bidens pilosa L. Bothriocline inyangana N.E.Br. var. inyangana *Centratherum punctatum Cass. subsp. punctatum Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. septentrionale Norl. Cineraria deltoidea Sond. Cineraria pulchra Cron *Conyza aegyptiaca (L.) Aiton *Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist Conyza gouanii (L.) Willd. Conyza pinnata (L.f.) Kuntze *Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker *Coreopsis lanceolata L. 117 Voucher Chase 4417 FoZ #35269 Wild 2840 Chase 6032 FoZ #23850 FoZ #33124 Wursten & Ballings 211 Chase 7018 FoZ #98852 Chase 5535 Chase 1234 FoZ #31948 Chase 6465 Chase 66 Wild 2805 Chase 4594 FoZ #33147 FoZ #15142 FoZ #2472 Obermeyer 2113 Bamps 587 Pole Evans 5114 Chase 5563 FoZ #2873 Biegel 2418 Drummond 5082 FoZ #28705 Harder 3817 Chase 3084 Bamps 634 FoZ #1163 Chase 1971 Wild 2837 Chase 5591 Pole Evans 4822 FoZ #433 Müller 1950 FoZ #3545 FoZ #435 Chase 5581 Schelpe 378 FoZ #4882 Bamps et al. 640 Loveridge 1089 FoZ #39978 FoZ #3926 Chase 2153 FoZ #443 Hopkins 6935 FoZ #6295 FoZ #3596 Chase 7787 FoZ #21501 FoZ #37464 FoZ #19057 FoZ #2258 FoZ #7645 FoZ #2471 FoZ #489 118 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) Name / authority *Cotula australis (Sieb.& Spreng.) Hook.f. Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore Crassocephalum rubens (Jacq.) S.Moore var. rubens Crassocephalum rubens (Jacq.) S.Moore var. sarcobasis (DC.) C.Jeffrey & Beentje Crassocephalum × picridifolium (DC.) S.Moore Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze subsp. integrifolia Emilia coccinea (Sims) G.Don Emilia discifolia (Oliv.) C.Jeffrey *Erigeron karvinskianus DC. Erythrocephalum zambesianum Oliv.& Hiern *Euryops chrysanthemoides (DC.) B.Nord. *Galinsoga parviflora Cav. *Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav. Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass. Gerbera viridifolia (DC.) Sch.Bip. subsp. viridifolia *Gnaphalium purpureum L. Gutenbergia cordifolia Oliv. var. marginata (O.Hoffm.) C.Jeffrey Helichrysum adenocarpum DC. subsp. adenocarpum Helichrysum asperum (Thunb.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Helichrysum buchananii Engl. Helichrysum candolleanum H.Buek Helichrysum cephaloideum DC. Helichrysum goetzeanum O.Hoffm. Helichrysum kilimanjari Oliv. Helichrysum kraussii Sch.Bip. Helichrysum lepidissimum S.Moore Helichrysum nitens Oliv.& Hiern subsp. nitens Helichrysum nudifolium (L.) Less. var. nudifolium Helichrysum nudifolium (L.) Less. var. oxyphyllum (DC.) Beentje Helichrysum nudifolium (L.) Less. var. pilosellum (L.f.) Beentje Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet Helichrysum panduratum O.Hoffm. var. panduratum Helichrysum panduratum O.Hoffm. var. transvaalense Moeser Helichrysum schimperi (A.Rich.) Moeser Helichrysum umbraculigerum Less. Hypericophyllum compositarum Steetz *Hypochaeris radicata L. Inula glomerata Oliv.& Hiern Kleinia chimanimaniensis Van Jaarsv. (=K. galpinii Hook.f.) Lactuca inermis Forssk. Laggera crispata (Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood Lipotriche scandens (Schumach.) Orchard subsp. madagascariensis (Baker) D.J.N.Hind (=Melanthera scandens (Schumach.& Thonn.) Roberty) Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze Mikania carteri Baker Mikania sp. of FoZ Mikaniopsis cissampelina (DC.) C.Jeffrey *Montanoa hibiscifolia Benth. *Neojeffreya decurrens (L.) Cabrera Nidorella auriculata DC. subsp. auriculata Nidorella resedifolia DC. subsp. resedifolia Osteospermum monocepahalum (Oliv.& Hiern) Norl. Phymaspermum bolusii (Hutch.) Källersjö *Pseudognaphalium luteo-album (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Pseudognaphalium oligandrum (DC.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Schistostephium crataegifolium (DC.) Harv. (=S. artemisiifolium Baker) Schistostephium heptalobum (DC.) Oliv.& Hiern Schistostephium oxylobum S.Moore Senecio deltoideus Less. Senecio gazensis S.Moore Senecio hochstetteri A.Rich. Senecio inornatus DC. Senecio latifolius DC. *Senecio macroglossus DC. Senecio milanjianus S.Moore Voucher FoZ #933 Chase 8303 FoZ #447 Chase 4576 Chase 2148 Chase 7391 FoZ #4114 FoZ #7655 FoZ #3551 Wild 469 FoZ #41177 FoZ #7662 FoZ #7665 Chase 8421 FoZ #651 FoZ #2248 Chase 8291 Bacon 6844 FoZ #21420 Chase 6114 Carter et al. 2121 Chase 6026 FoZ #41358 Symoens et al. 687 Bishop 394 Chase 6115 Bacon 6843 FoZ #4883 FoZ #4884 Wild 468 FoZ #2344 Chase 1237 FoZ #7468 Chase 1237 Chase 1355 Chase 7093 FoZ #2048 FoZ #1413 Schelpe 377 FoZ #19054 FoZ #33120 Chase 7111 FoZ #1621 FoZ #4007 Müller 3036 Fisher 1576 Wild 5513 FoZ #7332 FoZ #15227 Chase 761 FoZ #3919 FoZ #15330 FoZ #2186 FoZ #2188 Bishop 395 FoZ #15218 Chase 8423 FoZ #2219 FoZ #15411 Wild 2821 Chase 6105 Wild 38 Fisher 1545 Wild 2830 Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains Name / authority Senecio oxyriifolius DC. Senecio purpureus L. Senecio ruwenzoriensis S.Moore Senecio syringifolius O.Hoffm. Senecio tamoides DC. Senecio triactinus S.Moore Sigesbeckia orientalis L. Solanecio mannii (Hook.f.) C.Jeffrey Sonchus friesii Boulos var. integer G.V.Pope *Sonchus oleraceus L. Spilanthes mauritiana (Pers.) DC. Stomatanthes africanus (Oliv.& Hiern) R.M.King & H.Rob. *Tagetes minuta L. Tolpis capensis (L.) Sch.Bip. *Tridax procumbens L. *Vernonanthura polyanthes (Sprengel) Vega & Dematteis Vernonia acuminatissima S.Moore Vernonia adoensis Sch.Bip. Vernonia bainesii Oliv.& Hiern subsp. bainesii Vernonia calvoana (Hook.f.) Hook.f. subsp. meridionalis (Wild) C.Jeffrey Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake subsp. colorata Vernonia galpinii Klatt Vernonia glaberrima O.Hoffm. Vernonia holstii O.Hoffm. Vernonia karaguensis Oliv.& Hiern Vernonia lundiensis (Hutch.) Wild & G.V.Pope Vernonia melleri Oliv.& Hiern var. melleri Vernonia myriantha Hook.f. Vernonia natalensis Walp. Vernonia wollastonii S.Moore Vernonia petersii Oliv. Balsaminaceae Impatiens cecilii N.E.Br. subsp. cecilii Impatiens sylvicola Burtt Davy & Greenway Begoniaceae Begonia sonderiana Irmsch. Bignoniaceae *Amphilophium crucigerum (L.) L.G.Lohmann *Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G.Lohmann *Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don Podranea brycei (N.E.Br.) Sprague Boraginaceae Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk. Cynoglossum wildii E.S.Martins Brassicaceae Cardamine africana L. *Cardamine flexuosa With. *Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. *Lepidium bonariense L. Cactaceae Rhipsalis baccifera (J.Mill.) Stearn Campanulaceae Lobelia erinus L. Lobelia goetzei Diels Lobelia stricklandiae Gilliland Wahlenbergia denticulata (Burch.) A.DC. Wahlenbergia madagascariensis A.DC. Wahlenbergia subaphylla (Baker) Thulin subsp. scoparia (Wild) Thulin Wahlenbergia undulata (L.f.) A.DC. Wahlenbergia virgata Engl. Capparaceae Cleome monophylla L. Ritchiea albersii Gilg Caprifoliaceae *Sambucus canadensis L. 119 Voucher Wild 520 Chase 7140 Wild 2822 Hopkins 8046 FoZ #2222 FoZ #5793 FoZ #84888 FoZ #469 FoZ #922 FoZ #920 Eyles 7082 FoZ #15199 FoZ #35492 FoZ #3753 FoZ #3925 FoZ #3740 Hopkins 8053 FoZ #25856 Whellan 747 FoZ # 475 FoZ #2322 Chase 3105 FoZ #4878 Chase 5595 Chase 7138 Ferrar 4069 Chase 5582 Plowes 2706 Fisher 212 Müller 3060 FoZ #43356 Plowes 2322 Eyles 5476 Chase 995 FoZ #18307 FoZ #3975 FoZ #18352 FoZ #3576 Chase 4390 Williams 215 FoZ #15459 FoZ #636 FoZ #19047 FoZ #41218 Eyles 6589 Schelpe 366 FoZ #867 Wild 1592 FoZ #34881 FoZ #5012 Chase 3104 Chase 6125 FoZ #3750 Hyde s.r. Chase 6225 FoZ #37446 120 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) Name / authority Caryophyllaceae *Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Drymaria cordata (L.) Roem.& Schult. var. cordata *Sagina apetala Ard. Silene burchellii DC. var. angustifolia Sond. Stellaria mannii Hook.f. *Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Celastraceae Allocassine laurifolia (Harv.) N.Robson Catha edulis (Vahl) Endl. Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC. Gymnosporia buxifolia (L.) Szyszyl. Gymnosporia harveyana Loes. subsp. harveyana Gymnosporia mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Loes. subsp. mossambicensis Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes. Hippocratea africana (Willd.) Loes. var. richardiana (Cambess.) N.Robson Maytenus acuminata (L.f.) Loes. var. acuminata Maytenus chasei N.Robson Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Blakelock Chrysobalanaceae Parinari curatellifolia Benth. Clusiaceae Garcinia buchananii Baker Garcinia kingaensis Engl. Harungana madagascariensis Poir. Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. subsp. sonderi (Bredell) N.Robson Hypericum peplidifolium A.Rich. Hypericum revolutum Vahl Hypericum roeperianum A.Rich. Psorospermum febrifugum Spach Combretaceae Combretum molle G.Don Combretum psidioides Welw. subsp. psidioides Connaraceae Agelaea pentagyna (Lam.) Baill. Convolvulaceae *Dichondra micrantha Urb. Hewittia malabarica (L.) Suresh *Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet var. cairica Ipomoea involucrata P.Beauv. var. involucrata Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. var. obscura Turbina holubii (Baker) A.Meeuse Cornaceae Curtisia dentata (Burm.f.) C.A.Sm. Crassulaceae *Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken *Bryophyllum tubiflorum Harv. Crassula alsinoides (Hook.f.) Engl. Crassula alticola R.Fern. Crassula capitella Thunb. subsp. nodulosa (Schönland) Toelken Crassula expansa Dryand. subsp. expansa Crassula lanceolata (Eckl.& Zeyh) Walp. subsp. transvaalensis (Kuntze) Toelken Crassula sarcocaulis Eckl.& Zeyh. subsp. sarcocaulis Crassula sarmentosa Harv. Crassula setulosa Harv. var. setulosa Crassula swaziensis Schönland subsp. swaziensis var. swaziensis Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw. Kalanchoe lanceolata (Forssk.) Pers. Kalanchoe luciae Raym.-Hamet subsp. luciae Cucurbitaceae Coccinia adoensis (A.Rich.) Cogn. Cucumis zeyheri Sond. Momordica foetida Schumach. Oreosyce africana Hook.f. Peponium chirindense (Baker f.) Cogn. Voucher Whellan 1560 Chase 6049 FoZ #1808 Chase 7224 Müller plot 68 FoZ #79972 Chase 7199 Chase 784 Müller plot 150 Chase 5571 FoZ #15259 Chase 6279 FoZ #15183 Müller 3149 Chase 4416 Chase 5634 Müller 2803 FoZ #2039 Chase 5296 Müller plot 74 Chase 1970 FoZ #15321 FoZ #15310 Chase 1181 Whellan 1138 FoZ #15157 FoZ #23920 West 6373 Drummond 5079 FoZ #929 FoZ #18123 FoZ #1404 Chase 2163 FoZ #4128 Chase 8589 Chase 4168 FoZ #25790 FoZ #3407 Mavi 1558 FoZ #39862 FoZ #7384 FoZ #79967 FoZ #3494 Ferrar s.n. FoZ #3499 Chase 6134 Chase 6149 Chase 8445 FoZ #1620 FoZ #4061 Chase 7388 Chase 8485 Wild 14218 Chase 6222 Müller 3486 Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains Name / authority Zehneria minutiflora (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey Zehneria scabra (L.f.) Sond. subsp. scabra Zehneria thwaitesii (Schweinf.) C.Jeffrey Dipsacaceae Scabiosa columbaria L. Dipterocarpaceae Monotes engleri Gilg Droseraceae Drosera burkeana Planch. Drosera dielsiana Exell & J.R.Laundon Ebenaceae Diospyros abyssinica (Hiern) F.White subsp. abyssinica Diospyros lycioides Desf. subsp. sericea (Bernh.) De Winter Diospyros natalensis (Harv.) Brenan subsp. nummularia (Brenan) Jordaan Diospyros whyteana (Hiern) F.White Ericaceae Erica hexandra (S.Moore) E.G.H.Oliv. Erica johnstoniana Britten Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum emarginatum Thonn. Euphorbiaceae Adenocline acuta (Thunb.) Baill. Croton sylvaticus C.Krauss Euphorbia benthamii Hiern *Euphorbia peplus L. *Euphorbia prostrata Aiton *Euphorbia tirucalli L. *Homalanthus populifolius Graham Leidesia procumbens (L.) Prain Macaranga capensis (Baill.) Sim Macaranga mellifera Prain Neoboutonia macrocalyx Pax *Ricinus communis L. var. communis Shirakiopsis elliptica (Hochst.) Esser (=Sapium ellipticum (Krauss) Pax) Suregada procera (Prain) Croizat Tannodia swynnertonii (S.Moore) Prain *Vernicia montana Lour. Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae Bauhinia galpinii N.E.Br. Bauhinia petersiana Bolle *Bauhinia variegata L. var. variegata Brachystegia spiciformis Benth. Brachystegia utilis Hutch.& Burtt Davy Chamaecrista kirkii (Oliv.) Standl. var. kirkii Chamaecrista parva (Steyaert) Lock Chamaecrista wittei (Ghesq.) Lock Julbernardia globiflora (Benth.) Troupin *Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Senna petersiana (Bolle) Lock *Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Fabaceae: Mimosoideae Acacia abyssinica Benth. Acacia amythethophylla A.Rich. Acacia cornigera (L.) Willd. (=A. spadicigera Schltr. & Cham.) *Acacia mearnsii De Wild. *Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. *Acacia podalyriifolia G.Don Acacia sieberiana DC. var. woodii (Burtt Davy) Keay & Brenan Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W.Wight Albizia antunesiana Harms Albizia glaberrima (Schumach.& Thonn.) Benth. var. glabrescens (Oliv.) Brenan Albizia gummifera (J.F.Gmel.) C.A.Sm. Albizia schimperiana Oliv. var. schimperiana Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. Entada abyssinica A.Rich. 121 Voucher Ferrar 4020 Müller plot 169 Chase 5550 FoZ #556 FoZ #557 Carly 467 FoZ #644 Müller 3043 Bamps 626 Müller 2556 Chase 1495 van der Berghen 623 Galpin 9267 Bamps et al. 648 Chase 8491 Drummond 5090 Chase 5539 FoZ #581 FoZ #3742 Chase 5161 FoZ #3728 Wild 6447 Chase 5565 Chase 5455 FoZ #7425 FoZ #25729 Chase 7115 Müller 2557 Müller plot 172 FoZ #3799 FoZ #506 FoZ #1030 FoZ #17371 Chase 4153 Chase 4154 Chase 5489 Ferrar s.n. Chase 8493 FoZ #1040 Methuen 43 FoZ #3923 Grosvenor 11 Chase 7796 FoZ #15446 Obermeyer 2061 FoZ #3591 Biegel 2431 FoZ #3800 Biegel 2430 Müller 3383 FoZ #15145 Müller 3097 Wild 1596 Chase 6223 FoZ #15202 Chase 5554 122 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) Name / authority Newtonia buchananii (Baker f.) G.C.C.Gilbert & Boutique Fabaceae: Papilionoideae Aeschynomene nodulosa (Baker) Baker f. var. nodulosa Argyrolobium rupestre (E.Mey.) Walp. subsp. rupestre Argyrolobium tomentosum (Andrews) Druce Craibia brevicaudata (Vatke) Dunn subsp. baptistarum (Büttner) J.B.Gillett Crotalaria capensis Jacq. Crotalaria cephalotes A.Rich. Crotalaria chirindae Baker f. Crotalaria gazensis Baker f. subsp. gazensis Crotalaria hyssopifolia Klotzsch Crotalaria laburnifolia L. subsp. australis (Baker f.) Polhill Crotalaria lachnophora A.Rich. Crotalaria lanceolata E.Mey. subsp. lanceolata Crotalaria pallida Aiton var. pallida Crotalaria variegata Baker (=C. sericifolia Harms) Dalbergia lactea Vatke Dalbergia nitidula Baker Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. var. robustum B.G.Schub. Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth. var. dimorphum (Baker) B.G.Schub. Desmodium repandum (Vahl) DC. Desmodium setigerum (E.Mey.) Harv. *Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC. Dolichos kilimandscharicus Taub. subsp. kilimandscharicus Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. subsp. sericeus Dumasia villosa DC. var. villosa Eriosema buchananii Baker f. var. buchananii Eriosema burkei Harv. Eriosema chrysadenium Taub. var. chrysadenium Eriosema ellipticum Baker subsp. ellipticum Eriosema psoraleoides (Lam.) G.Don Erythrina lysistemon Hutch. Flemingia grahamiana Wight & Arn. Indigofera arrecta A.Rich. Indigofera cecilii N.E.Br. Indigofera hilaris Eckl.& Zeyh. Indigofera lyallii Baker subsp. lyallii Indigofera paniculata Pers. subsp. gazensis (Baker f.) J.B.Gillett Indigofera setiflora Baker var. setifera Kotschya strigosa (Benth.) Dewit & P.A.Duvign. var. strigosa Lablab purpureus (L.) Sw. subsp. uncinatus Verdc. var. uncinatus Lotononis listii Polhill Lotus arabicus L. Lotus discolor E.Mey. subsp. mollis J.B.Gillett Lotus namulensis Brand Macrotyloma densiflorum (Baker) Verdc. var. densiflorum Mucuna coriacea Baker subsp. irritans (Burtt Davy) Verdc. Ormocarpum kirkii S.Moore Otholobium foliosum (Oliv.) C.H.Stirt. subsp. gazense (Baker f.) Verdc. Philenoptera violacea (Klotzsch) Schrire (=Lonchocarpus capassa Rolfe) Pseudarthria hookeri Wight & Arn. var. hookeri Pterocarpus angolensis DC. Pterocarpus rotundifolius (Sond.) Druce subsp. rotundifolius Rhynchosia clivorum S.Moore subsp. pycnantha (Harms) Verdc. Rhynchosia monophylla Schltr. Rhynchosia swynnertonii Baker f. Sphenostylis zimbabweensis Mithen Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston Tephrosia dasyphylla Baker subsp. dasyphylla Tephrosia festina Brummitt Tephrosia meisneri Hutch.& Burtt Davy (=T. glomeruliflora Meisn. subsp. meisneri (Hutch.& Burtt Davy) Schrire) Tephrosia paniculata Baker subsp. paniculata Tephrosia rhodesica Baker f. var. polystachyoides (Baker f.) Brummitt Tylosema fassoglensis (Schweinf.) Torre & Hillc. Voucher Chase 878 FoZ #2041 Bamps et al. s.n. FoZ #41255 Wild 1586 Corby 1582 Chase 8565 Hopkins 8033 Müller 6684 Chase 7055 Corby 1445 Chase 7449 Chase 7469 FoZ #5617 Chase 6366 Müller plot 149 Chase 168 FoZ #35168 Staples 183 Chase 580 Chase 8557 FoZ #3543 FoZ #15323 Chase 6930 Whellan 1598 FoZ #52033 Corby 266 FoZ #6264 FoZ #1617 FoZ #1697 FoZ #1688 Chase 1739 FoZ #40764 FoZ #7519 Jacobsen 1488 FoZ #5628 Chase 6109 Hopkins 7080 Chase 3732 Chase 8292 FoZ #73221 Bamps et al. 676 Chase 3107 Chase 3106 Carter 2128 FoZ #1699 Carter 2129 FoZ #2366 Chase 60 FoZ #2457 FoZ #15141 FoZ #98755 Fischer 1313 FoZ #3749 Chase 8004 Chase 1530 Staples 185 Chase 1964 Biegel 2432 Chase 8151 Chase 7318 Chase 1966 FoZ #3927 Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains Name / authority Vigna gazensis Baker f. Vigna schlechteri Harms Vigna vexillata (L.) A.Rich. var. vexillata Zornia milneana Mohlenbr. Gelsemiaceae Mostuea brunonis Didr. var. brunonis Gentianaceae Sebaea leiostyla Gilg Geraniaceae Geranium arabicum Forssk. subsp. arabicum Geranium incanum Burm.f. subsp. nyassense (R.Knuth) J.R.Laundon Pelargonium luridum (Andrews) Sweet Pelargonium mossambicense Engl. Gesneriaceae Streptocarpus eylesii S.Moore subsp. eylesii Streptocarpus hirticapsa B.L.Burtt Streptocarpus michelmorei B.L.Burtt Streptocarpus umtaliensis B.L.Burtt NE Halogoraceae *Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. Heteropyxidaceae Heteropyxis dehniae Suess. Hydrostachyaceae Hydrostachys polymorpha A.Braun Icacinaceae Apodytes dimidiata Arn. subsp. dimidiata Iteaceae Choristylis rhamnoides Harv. Lamiaceae Aeollanthus buchnerianus Briq. Aeollanthus serpiculoides Baker Clerodendrum cephalanthum Oliv. subsp. swynnertonii (S.Moore) Verdc. Haumaniastrum dissitifolium (Baker) A.J.Paton Haumaniastrum sericeum (Briq.) A.J.Paton Haumaniastrum villosum (Benth.) A.J.Paton Hoslundia opposita Vahl *Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. *Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson var. raineriana (Vis.) Iwarsson Leucas milanjiana Gürke Micromeria imbricata (Forssk.) C.Chr. var. imbricata (=Satureja punctata (Benth.) Briq.) Ocimum obovatum Benth. subsp. obovatum var. obovatum Plectranthus chimanimanensis S.Moore Plectranthus esculentus N.E.Br. Plectranthus hadiensis (Forssk.) Spreng. Plectranthus hereroensis Engl. Plectranthus kapatensis (R.E.Fr.) J.K.Morton Plectranthus lanuginosus (Benth.) Agnew Plectranthus laxiflorus Benth. Plectranthus sanguineus Britten Plectranthus swynnertonii S.Moore Pycnostachys reticulata (E.Mey.) Benth. Pycnostachys urticifolia Hook. Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) D.A.Steane & Mabb. *Salvia coccinea Etl. Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd Vitex doniana Sweet Vitex madiensis Oliv. subsp. milanjiensis (Britten) F.White Lauraceae *Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl *Cinnamomum verum J.Presl Cryptocarya liebertiana Engl. *Persea americana Mill. Lentibulariaceae Genlisea hispidula Stapf 123 Voucher Chase 6510 Wild 2844 FoZ #24719 FoZ #41451 Chase 6745 Hopkins 7257 FoZ #25127 Drummond 5093 Chase 7921 Eyles 9276 Plowes 2170 Ferrar s.n. FoZ #627 Chase 1374 Denny 1312 FoZ #3610 Chase 6637 Chase 366 Chase 1736 Fisher 1627 Whellan 749 Chase 2164 FoZ #73536 Hopkins s.n. Chase 6566 FoZ #1752 FoZ #876 FoZ #27586 FoZ #34929 FoZ #3922 Chase 7137 FoZ #3364 Chase 6021 FoZ #7536 FoZ #21128 Chase 6512 Chase 5563 FoZ #15345 Chase 1999 FoZ #2052 Eyles 7084 Chase 2000 FoZ #37502 FoZ #873 FoZ #37444 Carter 2131 Masterson 570 Chase 1965 FoZ #23896 FoZ #25873 Müller 3382 FoZ #3716 Philcox et al. 8951 124 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) Name / authority Utricularia firmula Oliv. Utricularia livida E.Mey. Utricularia scandens Benj. Utricularia subulata L. Linderniaceae Craterostigma lanceolatum (Engl.) Skan Craterostigma sp. no. 1 cf. lanceolatum Linderniella pulchella (Skan) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh.& Kai Müll. (=Lindernia pulchella (Skan) Philcox) Linderniella wilmsii (Engl.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh.& Kai Müll. (=Lindernia wilmsii (Engl.) Philcox) Loganiaceae Strychnos angolensis Gilg Strychnos lucens Baker Strychnos spinosa Lam. Strychnos usambarensis Gilg Loranthaceae Agelanthus lancifolius Polhill & Wiens Agelanthus molleri (Engl.) Polhill & Wiens Agelanthus nyasicus (Baker & Sprague) Polhill & Wiens Englerina oedostemon (Danser) Polhill & Wiens NE Malvaceae: Byttnerioideae, Helicteroideae & Sterculioideae Cola greenwayi Brenan var. greenwayi Dombeya burgessiae Harv. Dombeya rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch. Melhania randii Baker f. Waltheria indica L. Malvaceae: Grewioideae Grewia occidentalis L. var. occidentalis Grewia stolzii Ulbr. Sparrmannia ricinocarpa (Eckl.& Zeyh.) Kuntze Triumfetta annua L. Triumfetta pilosa Roth var. pilosa Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Malvaceae: Malvoideae Abutilon sonneratianum (Cav.) Sweet Azanza garckeana (F.Hoffm.) Exell & Hillc. Hibiscus fuscus Garcke Hibiscus shirensis Sprague & Hutch. Hibiscus surattensis L. *Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke Pavonia columella Cav. Pavonia urens Cav. Melastomataceae Antherotoma naudinii Hook.f. Dissotis princeps (Kunth) Triana var. princeps Meliaceae Ekebergia benguelensis C.DC. Ekebergia capensis Sparrm. Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC. Trichilia dregeana Sond. Melianthaceae Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. nyassae (Baker f.) F.White Bersama swynnertonii Baker f. Menispermaceae Cissampelos mucronata A.Rich. Cissampelos torulosa Harv. Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill.& A.Rich.) Walp. var. abyssinica Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill.& A.Rich.) Walp. var. tomentella (Oliv.) Diels Tiliacora funifera (Miers) Oliv. Molluginaceae Corrigiola drymarioides Baker f. Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. var. cerviana Monimiaceae Xymalos monospora (Harv.) Baill. Moraceae Dorstenia buchananii Engl. var. buchananii Voucher Philcox et al. 8952 Chase 6112 Chase 5539 Philcox et al. 8950 FoZ #53083 FoZ #28553 Philcox 8971 Philcox 8972 Müller 3801 FoZ #1306 FoZ #15189 FoZ #1308 FoZ #39863 Polhill & Pope 4746 Chase 578 Polhill & Pope 4747 Drummond 5092 Loveridge 1089 FoZ #1785 FoZ #3924 FoZ #37490 FoZ #3190 FoZ #7353 Chase 1678 FoZ #7392 FoZ #7393 Wild 500 Wild 472 FoZ #98753 Chase 8301 FoZ #7152 Chase 8558 FoZ #4040 Fisher 1601 FoZ #1221 Schelpe 365 Whellan 1980 FoZ #98848 Chase 555 FoZ #25861 Chase 3506 FoZ #98884 Chase 7020 FoZ #37441 Chase 1544 Wild 495 FoZ #27674 Grosvenor 265 Chase 1183 Chase s.n. Chase 6179 Chase 6259 Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains 125 Name / authority Voucher Müller plot 78 Ficus chirindensis C.C.Berg Ficus craterostoma Mildbr.& Burret Plowes 2184 Ficus exasperata Vahl Masterson 602 Hyde s.n. Ficus natalensis Hochst. subsp. graniticola J.E.Burrows Ficus rokko Warb.& Schweinf. (=F. thonningii Blume in part) Biegel 2490 FoZ #15572 Ficus scassellatii Pamp. subsp. scassellatii Ficus sur Forssk. FoZ #3525 Chase 5625 Trilepisium madagascariense DC. Myricaceae FoZ #3553 Morella pilulifera (Rendle) Killick Myrothamnaceae FoZ #2038 Myrothamnus flabellifolius Welw. Myrsinaceae Embelia schimperi Vatke Chase 1443 Maesa lanceolata Forssk. Obermeyer 2053 Chase 5295 Myrsine africana L. Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez Chase 6739 Myrtaceae FoZ #1226 Eugenia malangensis (O.Hoffm.) Nied. Chase 7219 Eugenia natalitia Sond. (incl. E. nyassensis Engl., E. capensis (Eckl.& Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. nyassensis (Engl.) F.White) FoZ #7397 *Psidium cattleianum Sabine *Psidium guajava L. FoZ #3529 Syzygium cordatum C.Krauss Bamps et al. 621 Chase 5626 Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. subsp. afromontanum F.White (=S. gerrardii (Hook.f.) F.White) *Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston FoZ #25884 Ochnaceae Wild 1594 Ochna holstii Engl. Oleaceae Chionanthus battiscombei (Hutch.) Stearn Müller 3077 Müller plot 153 Chionanthus foveolatus (E.Mey.) Stearn subsp. major (I.Verd.) Stearn Jasminum abyssinicum DC. FoZ #15266 Müller plot 149 Jasminum streptopus E.Mey. Olea capensis L. subsp. macrocarpa (C.H.Wright) I.Verd. Müller plot 152 FoZ #3586 Schrebera alata (Hochst.) Welw. Opiliaceae Opilia amentacea Roxb. FoZ #6110 Orobanchaceae Chase 6035, Philcox 8953 Alectra sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze (incl. var. monticola (Engl.) Melch. & var. senegalensis (Benth.) Hepper) Buchnera speciosa Skan Chase 4199 Chase 611 Cycnium adonense Benth. subsp. adonense Sopubia ramosa (Hochst.) Hochst. Bacon s.n. Striga bilabiata (Thunb.) Kuntze Wild 2807 FoZ #24937 Striga elegans Benth. Oxalidaceae Chase 5534 Biophytum umbraculum Welw. FoZ #7 *Oxalis corniculata L. *Oxalis latifolia Kunth FoZ #5774 Oxalis semiloba Sond. subsp. semiloba FoZ #15219 Passifloraceae FoZ #37462 Adenia digitata (Harv.) Engl. FoZ #98866 Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms var. gummifera Müller 3621 Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl. subsp. rumicifolia (Engl.& Harms) Lye Basananthe apetala (Baker f.) W.J.de Wilde FoZ #22042 FoZ #3760 *Passiflora edulis Sims Penaeaceae Olinia vanguerioides Baker f. Fisher 1218 Peraceae Whellan 1599 Clutia abyssinica Jaub.& Spach var. abyssinica FoZ #40916 Clutia paxii Pax Galpin 9271 Clutia swynnertonii S.Moore Phyllanthaceae Müller 3380 Antidesma membranaceum Müll.Arg. Antidesma venosum Tul. FoZ #15191 126 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) Name / authority Antidesma vogelianum Müll.Arg. Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. Cleistanthus polystachyus Planch. subsp. milleri (Dunkley) Radcl.-Sm. (=C. apetalus S.Moore) Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Webster var. nitida (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. Phyllanthus beillei Hutch. Phyllanthus ovalifolius Forssk. (=P. guineensis Pax) Uapaca kirkiana Müll.Arg. var. kirkiana Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca dodecandra L’Hér. *Phytolacca octandra L. Piperaceae Peperomia bangroana C.DC. (=P. rotundifolia sensu FZ) Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth var. leptostachya (Hook.& Arn.) Düll Peperomia retusa (L.f.) A.Dietr. Peperomia tetraphylla (G.Forst.) Hook.& Arn. Piper capense L.f. var. capense Pittosporaceae Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. viridiflorum Plantaginaceae *Linaria vulgaris Mill. *Plantago major L. *Veronica javanica Blume Polemoniaceae *Cobaea scandens Cav. Polygalaceae Polygala gazensis Baker f. Polygala ohlendorfiana Eckl.& Zeyh. Polygala virgata Thunb. var. decora (Sond.) Harv. Polygala wilmsii Chodat Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen. Polygonaceae Oxygonum dregeanum Meisn. subsp. canescens (Sond.) Germish. *Persicaria capitata (D.Don) H.Gross *Rumex acetosella L. subsp. angiocarpus (Murb.) Murb. *Rumex crispus L. Rumex sagittatus Thunb. Primulaceae Ardisiandra wettsteinii R.Wagner Proteaceae Faurea rochetiana (A.Rich.) Pic.Serm. Faurea rubriflora Marner Faurea saligna Harv. *Grevillea robusta R.Br. Protea caffra Meisn. subsp. gazensis (Beard) Chisumpa & Brummitt Protea gaguedi J.F.Gmel. Protea petiolaris (Hiern) Baker subsp. elegans Chisumpa & Brummitt Protea welwitschii Engl. Putranjivaceae Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. var. gerrardii Drypetes natalensis (Harv.) Hutch. var. natalensis Ranunculaceae Clematis brachiata Thunb. Clematis simensis Fresen. Ranunculus multifidus Forssk. Thalictrum rhynchocarpum Quart.-Dill.& A.Rich. Rhamnaceae Gouania longispicata Engl. Rhamnus prinoides L’Hér. Scutia myrtina (Burm.f.) Kurz Ziziphus mucronata Willd. Rhizophoraceae Cassipourea gummiflua Tul. var. verticillata (N.E.Br.) J.Lewis Cassipourea malosana (Baker) Alston (=C. congoensis sensu auct.) Rosaceae Alchemilla kiwuensis Engl. Voucher Hyde s.r. FoZ #3580 Wild 5551 Chase 5483 Chase 5596 Müller plot 79 FoZ #596 Müller 3092 FoZ #2561 Müller 3067 Chase 851 Wild 2836 Müller 3061 Plowes 2163 Chase 7218 FoZ #5438 Ferrar s.n. Wild 1591 Edwards s.n. Schelpe 374 Chase 7873 FoZ #25783 Obermeyer 2048 FoZ #3920 Craster s.n. FoZ #1294 FoZ #2778 FoZ #2781 FoZ #2783 FoZ #2772 Fisher 337 Chase 6045 Hyde s.n. FoZ #7595 FoZ #7648 FoZ #4872 Mitchell s.n. FoZ #1352 Hyde s.n. FoZ #5654 Müller 3403 Müller 3087 FoZ #98776 FoZ #2887 Simon 925 Fisher 1334 Müller 3391 FoZ #5025 Chase 1802 Chase 5454 Chase 1162 Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains 127 Name / authority Voucher Chase 1182 Cliffortia serpyllifolia Cham.& Schltdl. *Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. FoZ #3811 *Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. FoZ #18306 Chase 6198 Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman *Prunus cerasoides D.Don Bannermann s.n. FoZ #2697 *Rubus niveus Thunb. Rubiaceae Afrocanthium ngonii (Bridson) Lantz (=Canthium ngonii Bridson, C. pseudoverticillatum sensu R.B. Drumm.) Müller 3068 Agathisanthemum bojeri Klotzsch subsp. bojeri FoZ #35444 Chase 5552 Aidia micrantha (K.Schum.) F.White var. msonju (K.Krause) Petit Anthospermum ammanioides S.Moore FoZ #1592 FoZ #1907 Anthospermum herbaceum L.f. Chase 6037 Anthospermum vallicola S.Moore Anthospermum whyteanum Britten Chase 6038 Anthospermum zimbabwense Puff NE FoZ #2034 Chase 5351 Canthium inerme (L.f.) Kuntze Cephalanthus natalensis Oliv. Greenway 8802 FoZ #14119 *Coffea arabica L. Coffea mufindiensis Bridson subsp. australis Bridson (=C. ligustroides sensu Garcia) Drummond 5088 Chase 6039 Conostomium natalense (Hochst.) Bremek. Müller 2561 Coptosperma supra-axillare (Hemsl.) Degreef (=Tarenna supra-axillaris (Hemsl.) Bremek. subsp. barbertonensis (Bremek.) Bridson) Cremaspora triflora (Thonn.) K.Schum. subsp. triflora FoZ #99093 Fadogia ancylantha Schweinf. FoZ #786 FoZ #2219 Fadogia homblei De Wild. Galium chloroionanthum K.Schum. Müller plot 82 Chase 342 Galopina circaeoides Thunb. Gardenia imperialis K.Schum. subsp. imperialis Chase 6555 Chase 1466 Heinsenia diervilleoides K.Schum. subsp. diervilleoides Hymenodictyon floribundum (Hochst.& Steud.) B.L.Rob. FoZ #3505 Chase 1810 Keetia gueinzii (Sond.) Bridson (=Canthium gueinzii Sond.) Kohautia amatymbica Eckl.& Zeyh. FoZ #4405 FoZ #2042 Leptactina benguelensis (Benth.& Hook.f.) R.D.Good subsp. pubescens Verdc. Mussaenda arcuata Poir. Wild 552 Chase 2162 Oldenlandia affinis (Roem.& Schult.) DC. subsp. fugax (Vatke) Verdc. Oldenlandia goreensis (DC.) Summerh. var. goreensis FoZ #3350 Ballings 1734 Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. var. herbacea Otiophora inyangana N.E.Br. subsp. inyangana Chase 7299 FoZ #3772 Oxyanthus goetzei K.Schum. subsp. goetzei Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. stenocarpus (K.Schum.) Bridson Chase 281 FoZ #7191 Pavetta comostyla S.Moore subsp. comostyla var. inyangensis (Bremek.) Bridson Pavetta umtalensis Bremek. Chase 5490 Pentanisia schweinfurthii Hiern Obermeyer 2029 Eyles 7081 Pentas purpurea Oliv. subsp. purpurea Chase 6280 Psychotria mahonii C.H.Wright Psychotria peduncularis (Salisb.) Steyerm. Masterson 559b Drummond 5098 Psychotria zombamontana (Kuntze) E.M.A.Petit Psydrax kraussioides (Hiern) Bridson Müller 25 Psydrax parviflora (Afzel.) Bridson subsp. chapmanii Bridson (=Canthium vulgare (K.Schum.) Bullock) Müller 3050 Müller 3747 Pyrostria bibracteata (Baker) Cavaco *Richardia brasiliensis Gomes FoZ #37438 FoZ #3354 *Richardia scabra L. Chase 6999 Rothmannia fischeri (K.Schum.) Bullock subsp. moramballae (Hiern) Bridson Rothmannia urcelliformis (Hiern) Robyns Chase 6210 Greatrex-SRGH 14938 Rubia cordifolia L. subsp. conotricha (Gand.) Verdc. Rutidea fuscescens Hiern subsp. fuscescens FoZ #15915 Rytigynia macrura Verdc. (=R. sp. 1 of Drummond) Müller 3595 FoZ #3509 Sericanthe andongensis (Hiern) Robbr. subsp. engleri (K.Krause) Bridson Sericanthe sp. A of FZ Müller 3082 Spermacoce natalensis Hochst. Hopkins 7096 Chase 4151 Tapiphyllum velutinum (Hiern) Robyns FoZ #3806 Tarenna pavettoides (Harv.) Sim subsp. affinis (K.Schum.) Bridson Tricalysia coriacea (Benth.) Hiern subsp. angustifolia (J.C.Garcia) Robbr. Müller plot 68 Tricalysia pallens Hiern Müller plot 91 Müller 2425 Vangueria apiculata K.Schum. 128 Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) Name / authority Vangueria esculenta S.Moore Vangueria infausta Burch. subsp. infausta Rutaceae Calodendrum capense (L.f.) Thunb. *Casimiroa edulis La Llave *Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. Clausena anisata (Willd.) Benth. var. anisata Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Vepris bachmannii (Engl.) Mziray (=Oricia bachmannii (Engl.) I.Verd.) Vepris nobilis (Delile) Mziray (=Teclea nobilis Delile) Zanthoxylum davyi (I.Verd.) P.G.Waterman Salicaceae Casearia battiscombei R.E.Fr. Dovyalis lucida Sim Scolopia stolzii Gilg var. stolzii Trimeria grandifolia (Hochst.) Warb. subsp. grandifolia Santalaceae Osyridicarpos schimperianus (A.Rich.) A.DC. Osyris lanceolata Hochst.& Steud. Thesium ussanguense Engl. Viscum shirense Sprague Sapindaceae Alophyllus abyssinicus (Hochst.) Radlk. Alophyllus africanus P.Beauv. Alophyllus chirindensis Baker f. Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. subsp. angustifolia (L.f.) J.G.West Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) Thwaites Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell Zanha golungensis Hiern Sapotaceae Chrysophyllum gorungosanum Engl. Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn. Englerophytum natalense (Sond.) T.D.Penn. Manilkara discolor (Sond.) J.H.Hemsl. Mimusops zeyheri Sond. Scrophulariaceae Buddleja pulchella N.E.Br. Buddleja salviifolia (L.) Lam. Diclis ovata Benth. Diclis tenella Hemsl. Freylinia tropica S.Moore Hebenstretia angolensis Rolfe Hebenstretia oatesii Rolfe subsp. rhodesiana Roessler Jamesbrittenia carvalhoi (Engl.) Hilliard Nemesia zimbabwensis Rendle Selago goetzei Rolfe subsp. ambigua Hilliard Solanaceae *Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl. *Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. *Physalis peruviana L. *Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. Solanum anguivi Lam. *Solanum betaceum Cav. (=Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn.) Solanum campylacanthum A.Rich. (=S. panduriforme E.Mey., S. incanum auct.) *Solanum lycopersicum L. (=Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) *Solanum mauritianum Scop. Solanum terminale Forssk. Sterculiaceae (see Malvaceae: Byttnerioideae, Helicteroideae & Sterculioideae) Stilbaceae Halleria lucida L. Nuxia congesta Fresen. Nuxia floribunda Benth. Thymelaeaceae Dais cotinifolia L. Gnidia kraussiana Meisn. var. kraussiana Voucher Müller 3054 FoZ #15143 Hyde s.r. FoZ #21844 FoZ #4034 Whellan 761 Bamps et al 625 Chase s.n. Chase 5297 Müller plot 152 Chase 6177 FoZ #79997 Chase 5594 Drummond 5095 Müller 3594 FoZ #955 Bamps et al 691 Müller 4744 Chase 6226 Carter 2130 Müller 3494 Williams 223 Chase 1968 FoZ #15195 Müller 3373 Chase 7690 FoZ #1383 Müller 3622 Chase 4559 Chase 1741 Müller plot 146 Chase 7798 Mavi 1785 Chase 6119 FoZ #784 Chase 6124 FoZ #24443 Chase 259 Whellan 1559 Whellan 1143 FoZ #18295 FoZ #114 FoZ #1201 Biegel 2429 Müller 2628 Masterson 1327 FoZ #7241 FoZ #21088 FoZ #7344 Drummond 5083 Plowes 2503 Simon 921 Plowes 2183 FoZ #4994 Chase 7368 Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains Name / authority Peddiea africana Harv. Synaptolepis alternifolia Oliv. Tiliaceae (see Malvaceae: Grewioideae) Turneraceae Tricliceras longepedunculatum (Mast.) R.Fern. var. longepedunculatum Ulmaceae Celtis africana Burm.f. Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Urticaceae Boehmeria macrophylla Hornem. Droguetia iners (Forssk.) Schweinf. Elatostema monticola Hook.f. Laportea alatipes Hook.f. Laportea mooreana (Hiern) Chew Laportea peduncularis (Wedd.) Chew subsp. peduncularis Myrianthus holstii Engl. *Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. Pilea tetraphylla (Steud.) Blume Pouzolzia parasitica (Forssk.) Schweinf. Urera hypselodendron (A.Rich.) Wedd. Urera trinervis (Hochst.) Friis & Immelman Verbenaceae *Lantana camara L. Lantana swynnertonii Moldenke Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng. *Verbena bonariensis L. *Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Violaceae Rinorea convallarioides (Baker f.) Eyles subsp. convallarioides Rinorea ferruginea Engl. Viola abyssinica Oliv. Vitaceae Cayratia gracilis (Guill.& Perr.) Suess. Cissus petiolata Hook.f. Cyphostemma buchananii (Planch.) Wild & R.B.Drumm. Cyphostemma kilimandscharicum (Gilg) Wild & R.B.Drumm. Cyphostemma montanum Wild & R.B.Drumm. Rhoicissus rhomboidea (Harv.) Planch. Rhoicissus tomentosa (Lam.) Wild & R.B.Drumm. Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Wild & R.B.Drumm. 129 Voucher Chase 1969 Chase 6502 Bamps et al 643 Chase 7012 Bamps et al 728 Chase 7135 FoZ #3789 Müller 803 Biegel 3498 Chase 6059 Müller 3398 Chase 5790 FoZ #37433 Chase 7487 FoZ #15694 Chase 8439 Müller 3498 FoZ #7593 FoZ #29009 FoZ #1552 FoZ #1582 Bamps et al 617 Müller 3495 Drummond 5081 Biegel 2423 Chase 7300 Müller 3093 Wild 2834 Chase 8182 FoZ #1776 Chase 7394 FoZ #3574 FoZ #15342

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