Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. Biosphere Reserves Information Series (BRIS). Published by Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur. 2(1-2).

Dr. Ashish  Tiple

Ecosystem and Livelihood systems are dynamic in nature; their relationship being a product of centuries of synergetic evolution that continues into the current scenario. This historical emergence is shaped by various stakeholders and by the prevalent societal rules and norms. Therefore, in order to understand this “symbiotic” concept and its emergence from an historic point of view, we have focused on forests and forest dwellers as two inseparable components. This article is based on both primary (oral history) and secondary (archives and books) sources for understanding the changing roles of both the system and how it has evolved over time. By taking a case study (of Bhitarkanika forest), the author tries to put in light the details about the various dynamics of the systems in the process of this change. History tells us that there has been a tremendous mismanagement of resources in Bhitarkanika along with an increase in population. Though the declaration of National Park and restriction on the entry and exist proved to be a boon for conservation purpose, the task of reversing the population pressure on National Park still needs to be addressed.

This fieldwork is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi structured interview and FGDs. This report try to give the readers a well versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is habitat of some human beings who lives in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% Indians are staying in village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by history of civilization. But in spite of these the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male can do this some specific job. Only in case of delivery of child in home males are not allowed. If we see the above table we can easily understand the daily activity of male and female. Male took one hour rest in the afternoon but the females don’t. This is the only difference in the society. While studying about their economic system it was discovered that mainly the economy is substantial economy. The system of exchanging is barter system even they exchange family labour also. Use of cash is very low in the system. Main livelihood of Bodos is farming. They are also good in animal and birds rearing. They are good in waving in handloom. Bodos are the first cultivator of rice and silk in Assam. There are some landless Bodos also they either take the land from others as rent or work as daily wage labour. Some people have fish farming also, but it is very few in number they just do it for home consumption mainly but ow a days some people get government job like teacher and Army. Bodo political system is totally different from any other village politics in India. This area comes under an autonomous body of BTC (Bodo territorial council). So there no panchayeti raj system. There is VCDC (Village council Development Committee) what is also a three tire system what is decentralized its power into Village, block and cabinet level. 4-5 villages according to the population form a VCDC. From every village there will be a representative in the board of members of VCDC. No mass election is done for the chairman post. It is the members of VCDC who select one member among them and make him chairman. Now the BPF (Bodo People’s Front) and BJP (Bhartiya Janta Party) come to alliance to form the government. BPF is the main political party. During the study it come out that there are some challenges on the path of development in the village. Some local level leaders do not let the VCDC work accordingly. In the Batho Temple committee some people increase the interest of loan for their own greed. Alcoholism is one of the main developmental issue. For that there average life span is also low. Though they are in a remote village and don’t get so many entitlements what the main stream citizens use to get but still they are happy. While questioning them at the time of interview most of the villagers replied there is no problem exist in the village. They are busy in their world. Outside of that world do not affect them a lot. There is happiness in the air.

Every year, during the monsoon season, millions of people are affected by floods in India. In Northeast India, the Brahmaputra River regularly submerges the lowest lands of the State of Assam, where different communities depend on the natural resources of the flood plains for their livelihood. Even if they are frequently disrupted by natural hazards, different adjustment mechanisms have been established through centuries between the riverside dwellers and geophysical constraints. Originally, living in the Himalayan State of Arunachal Pradesh, the Mising tribe i has been migrating out to the Brahmaputra flood plains of Assam since the 13 th century, most probably in search of fertile land (Lego 2005: 10, Mipun 1993: 36). They have defined their territory during a long process of migration and adaptation to successively new environmental constraints. ii Consequently, they have integrated with the diversity of socio-ethnical groups such as the Ahoms, the Nepalis, the Bangladeshis, the ex-tea tribes and others, who are gathered in the plain. Currently, Mising villages are mainly settled in upper Assam along a narrow strip of wetland situated between the Himalayan foothills and the river, on the north bank of the Brahmaputra, as well as on the opposite south bank. During their migration, some tribal clans crossed the large braided river to reach the territory of the Bokakhat Subdivision of the Golaghat district where Kaziranga National Park (KNP), classified as a UNESCO World Heritage reserve iii , is situated today. Because they have been living for so long in the river floodplain, the members of the Mising Tribe have accumulated extensive knowledge of the abundant biodiversity and the various ecosystems present within the Brahmaputra wetlands. In order to overcome the ecological constraints of the river hydrosystem (i.e., floods and erosion), the tribal society has

Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) ACHANAKMAR-AMARKANTAK BIOSPHERE RESERVE Tropical Forest Research Institute (Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education) P.O.RFRC, Mandla Road, Jabalpur-482021 October, 2010 © TFRI, JABALPUR Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) Editors: Dr. K. C. Joshi Dr. M. S. Negi Dr. Ashish D. Tiple Editorial Board: 1. Director, Achanakmar –Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Koni, Bilaspur (C.G.) 2. Mr. S.D. Badgaiyan, IFS, Divisional Forest Officer, Bilaspur Forest Division, Bilaspur, (C.G.) 3. Dr. K.C. Joshi, Project Investigator, Lead Institution to Achanakmar–Amarkantak BR, TFRI, Jabalpur, M.P. 4. Dr. Ruby Sharma, Woman Scientist (DST), TFRI, Jabalpur. 5. Dr. Ashish D. Tiple, Research Associate, Lead Institution to Achanakmar–Amarkantak BR, TFRI, Jabalpur. 6. Mr. Dinesh K. Kushwaha , JRF, Lead Institution to Achanakmar–Amarkantak BR, TFRI, Jabalpur. Citation : K. C. Joshi, M. S. Negi and Ashish D. Tiple (2010) Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS), 2(1-2): 1-158. Front and back cover: Overview of Achanakmar –Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve -Photo by: Dr. Ashish D. Tiple Address for Correspondence: Principle Investigator, Lead Institution to Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Tropical Forest Research Institute, P.O.- RFRC, Mandla Road, Jabalpur 482021 Tel: 0761-2840634 (o) E-mail: kcjoshi21@rediffmail.com , ashishdtiple@yahoo.co.in Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) PREFACE In the present Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) volume 2 (1-2) the various species of flora and fauna reported by different experts from Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve are listed under the chapter Current Information- Floral and Faunal Resources. The information about each species recorded from different localities of BR and its status have also been mentioned. The list of threatened as well as endangered fauna, scientific information published on them in different scientific journals are also documented for the use of BR managers, academicians, scientists and scholars. This information will be helpful to provide the BR a National and International repute besides giving up to date scientific information, which may be helpful to scientists, academician, etc. in project formulation for financial assistance from Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, New Delhi for further studies on this Biosphere Reserve. In the previous issues of the BRIS, a total of 1527 speciesof flora belonging to groups thallophyta, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms and 324 species of fauna were documented which will be an asset to BR managers while preparation of management plan of the BR. The main object of the BRIS is to disseminate the research based information to the BR managers, academicians, scientists and scholars. Additional authentic information on flora, fauna, agencies helping on social upliftment of inhabitants of BR, ecotourism, scientific studies undertaken, etc. pertaining to Achanakmar- Amarkantak BR are welcomed from readers, BR managers, scientists of research Institutions, academicians and research scholars. Editors are thankful to the the Director, Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Divisional Forest Officers, Bilaspur Forest Division and Marwahi Forest Division, C.G. and Divisional Forest Officer, Dindori (M.P.) for providing useful information about core, buffer and transition zones. Date Oct, 2010 Jabalpur Dr. K. C. Joshi Dr. M. S. Negi Dr. Ashish D. Tiple Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1 2. Current Information 5 I. Floral resources 5 3. 4. II. Faunal resources 112 Scientific Information Published 127 I. Floral resources 127 II. Faunal resources 144 News and Event 153 Annexure -I Format for projects on AABR 157 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) 1. INTRODUCTION Biosphere Reserves (BR) are living examples of co-existence of human beings and nature. The Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve is notified as the 14th National Biosphere Reserve of India by Government of India on 30th March 2005. It is spread from Maikal hill ranges to the junction of Vindhyan and Satpura hill ranges in a triangular shape in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh states of Indian Union. It lies between the parallels of latitude 220 15’ to 200 58’ North and longitude 810 25’N to 820 5’ East. It falls in Malayan realm, Tropical Dry or Deciduous Forest Biome and Deccan Peninsular bio-geographic zone of the country. Its total geographical area is 383551.0 ha. The core zone, which falls in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh state (CG), is dense forest with terrains of hills and valleys and spread over in an area of 55155 ha. It is protected to conserve its richness in flora and fauna due to its erstwhile status of Wildlife Sanctuary. The buffer and transition zones, consisting of 205898 ha, fall in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh state and 122494 ha in Dindori and Anuppur districts of Madhya Pradesh state (MP). The topography varies from plain rice fields of Bilaspur and Anuppur districts and wheat fields of Dindori district to the hills of Maikal range of Satpura. It is about 60 kms far from its headquarter at Bilaspur. It is well connected by road from Bilaspur and Raipur of Chhattisgarh and Anuppur and Shahdol of Madhya Pradesh. The vegetation or forest types and subtypes met in the BR are: Northern Indian Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests, subtype Northern Indian Moist Deciduous Forests consisting of Moist Peninsular sal forestmoist high level sal forest, moist low level sal forest, moist valley sal forest and Northern Indian Moist Deciduous Forests sub-type Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests; Northern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests subtypes Dry Peninsular sal Forests and Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forests. The present BR encompasses a variety of ecosystem like sal forest, mixed forest, degraded forest and agro-forestry ecosystems. The evolution of various floral and faunal species due to geographical barriers, various micro and macro ecosystems evolved or undergoing evolution, hydrological and mineral cycling, climate change, etc, are the special characteristics of the area, which has its regional as well as global significance in biodiversity conservation. There are many important aspects, where serious research efforts can unfold the global importance of the area in the interest of mankind. The drainage system of BR consists of three major rivers originating from the buffer zone, viz. the Narmada River flowing towards West of its origin; the Johilla and the Sone rivers flowing towards North of the BR. A water check dam viz. Khudia dam situated in the Maniari River towards south-west of the BR. Many streams and seasonal rivers fulfil the needs of inhabitants and wildlife. The area has many seasonal streams and rivers which help to restore the sustainability of various flora and fauna existing in different zones. Land use history The core area of Achanakmar-Amarkantak BR was declared as a Reserve Forest in 1878 by notification No. 5037 dated 7th Dec. 1878 under Section 34 of the Indian Forest Act VII. Later on, it was given under the Zamindari system to Pendra Zamindar (Landowner). In 1912, Government of India advised the Zamindar to introduce the fire protection measures and removal of climbers and regularisation of Nistar, but he failed to follow the instructions. The area was cut, burn and system of shifting cultivation, locally known as ‘podu’ or ‘bewar’, was practised by the baiga and other tribal inhabitants especially on the steep slopes of Maikal range. In this practice, the sal forests were cleared 1 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) and cultivated for 2-3 years by tribal and then abandoned after their shifting to another area. This practice had lasting effect on vegetation cover or composition giving rise to mixed species with poor regeneration. Later on, a working scheme was introduced by Government in the area to preserve the forest cover and improve its depletion. In 1928, Mr. C.M. Wilfer prepared a working plan of Pendra Zamindari. In the initial years, Pendra Zamindar followed some of the prescriptions and a large number of irregular felling of trees was done through contractors led to heavy irregular over exploitation. This tradition of felling was continued up to 1951. To check the over exploitation, Government decided to take over the management of these forests by abolition of proprietary rights in the state, and transferring them to the forest department vide notification no. 28 of CR/299 XII dated 07-05-51. After abolishing the proprietary rights, the Government of Madhya Pradesh declared it as Protected Forest under adhoc notification No. 233-X and 9-X-59 dated 9-31957 and 10-7-1958 respectively. Minor alteration of afforestation and deforestation occurred in later years. The forests of core area were notified under section 241 of the Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue code 1959 vide Govt. of M.P. notification no. 7102/6006/VII dated 27-12-63 and no. 7/06/7-C/2 dated 03-09-64. These were the special significance for the protection and control of the Government forests in the tract. The area was surveyed some times during 1955 to 1963. To improve the degraded compartments a few teak plantations were raised between the years 1952 to 1978. Considering sufficient number of wildlife, the M.P. Government under the provision of section 66(4) of the wildlife protection Act 1972 declared the area as Achanakmar Game Sanctuary vide notification no. 2649-966-10-2-75 dated 28th June 1975. Later on, the Government of M.P. declared the present core area of the BR as reserve forest under Indian Forest Act Sec 34 vide notification no. 5037 dated 07/12/1978. After enforcement of Wildlife Protection Act, all the forestry works including collection of NTFPs were stopped by Government. Inhabitants Nearly 7,617 traditional primitive tribal inhabitants, as per the population census of the year 2001, are settled in 22 villages of the core zone. The buffer and transition zones of BR comprise of 399 villages and sub urban areas with a population of 4, 40,404 persons. Major residential areas or settlements namely Kota, Khondri, Dindori, Amarkantak, Pendra road, Karanjiya, Gorakhpur, Lormi, Akhrar, Rajendragram and some revenue and forest villages like Jagatpur, Kabir, Rajki, Boirha and Sarasdol exist in buffer and transition zones. There are 27 communities living in different zones in the BR. These are Baiga, Gond, Dhanwar, Kol, Kanwar, oraon, Chamar, Sais (Sarthi), Basore, Lonia, Muslim, Sindhi, Brahmin, Rajput, Goswami, Baraith, Kalar, Kumhar, Kewat, Nai, Ahir (Raut), Panika, Sondhiya, Lohar, Maratha, Sonar and Baniya. The major tribes residing in BR are Baiga, Gond, Kol, Kanwar, Pradhan and Panka. The baigas are primitive Dravidian tribe. They are the most ancient, remarkable and delightful oldest tribe of India. They migrated from eastern Satpura hills and settled in Bilaspur district of the BR. They use to avoid tilling and ploughing due to their rituals and beliefs. Presently, the baigas are dominant in population and ranked on the top among the other tribal communities in the BR. They are settled in maximum numbers at Mahamai followed by Chhaparwa, Jalda, Lamni, Rajak and Surhi. They get fuel, fodder, edible roots and tubers from forest besides cultivating some seasonal agricultural crops like wheat, maize, etc in small areas. Mahamai village has two hamlets namely Babutola and Ghameri 2 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) where 13 and 45 families are living from last 10 to 15 years. Baiga is an endogamous group. The population of baiga is increasing due to the high birth rate and immigration from other parts of the state. Now, some of them have come forward and changed their primitive lifestyle. Gonds also have their origin from Dravid culture. Gond of core area is known by Pathare Gond and Singraulia Gond based on their place of migration. Their economy is largely dependent on agricultural labour. Kols migrated to M.P. and C.G. from Singhbhum district of Jharkhand province. In the present BR, they are settled at Achanakmar, Bindawal, Bamhani, Chhaparwa, Jakadbandha and Lamni. Kanwar refers to their origin to Mahabharata times. They constitute two types of family i.e. single and joint family. Majority of them, live as single family. Oraons are also Dravidians tribe migrated from Chhota Nagpur. Some of them have come from Sarguja district and settled in BR in early eighties. They are mobile/ traveller community with a tradition of ready acceptance of innovations. They are now settled in Surhi, Jakadbandha, Daganiya, Mahamai, (core zone) and Jamunahi, Ghameri and Babutola (transition zone). Besides this, traders have also migrated from nearby areas. They are now settled in some sub urban localities like Kota, Gorakhpur, Amarkantak, etc. Cultural Heritage The sub urban township Amarkantak, situated in the buffer zone of the BR, is of great cultural and religious significance for Hindus, Jains and Sikhs. It is the origin place of the holy Narmada river, the Sone river and the Johilla river. It is said that Adi Sankaracharya, who was born in 788 AD, consecrated on the bank of the river Narmada at Amarkantak. He founded Pataleshwar Mahadev at the origin of river Narmada. This place was later named as Surajkund. Kalchuri Maharaja Karna Dev (1042-1072 AD) constructed temple at Surajkund. An open pool has been constructed at the origin of the Narmada river, which is known as Narmadakund. A number of temples such as Narmada temple, Shiva temple, Shri Shuryanarayan temple, Durga temple, etc. surround the Narmadakund. The ancient temples of Kalchuri period, Machhendranath and Pataleshwar are excellent examples of architecture. It is said that Gods, Gandharvas, Asuras (demons), saints and sages achieved their spiritual powers at Amarkantak. Kapil Muni, Bhrigu Rishi and Markandeya Rishi had their ashrams here. Devotees from different states come throughout the year to visit the temples and ashrams. Landscape features that attract visitors Amarkantak plateau, Lamni and Achanakmar forest ranges, many permanent and seasonal waterfalls like Durgadhara, Shambhudhara, Kapildhara, Mendri Sarai fall and water reservoirs like Sinhwal-sagar lake beautify the area and have scenic spots. The cool, calm, dense sal forest with a variety of wild flora and fauna, also attract the tourists. A number of tourists visit the core and buffer zones of BR for enjoying its wilderness and wildlife. The trend of number of tourists visiting Achanakmar and Lamni has continuously increased in the recent years. Students from nearby universities, researchers from various research organisations of the country often come for various studies related to floral and faunal taxonomy, ecology, animal behaviour, etc. The tribal communities living in most of the villages near water sources of the BR have small families. They are partially dependant on forest for food, and fully dependant for fodder and fuel, besides farming in small forest land. They work as labourers and often engaged by BR managers for various habitat improvement activities. They also move in 3 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) forest to collect honey, lac, silk cocoon, mushroom, rhizomes of Dioscorea, flowers of mahua (Madhuca indica), fruits of chironji (Buchnania lanzan), custard apple, mango, aonla (Emblica officinalis), imli (Tamarindus indicus), etc. in sustainable manner for their day to day use and sell the surplus in the weekly tribal market for cash income. The inhabitants of thickly populated villages have constituted forest protection committees, eco- development committees with the help of forester/BR manager and village panchayats, which help them in their socio-economic development. The inhabitants are, however, allowed to collect NTFPs for their domestic needs besides being cultivating some crops around their settlement area of buffer and transition zones of the BR. They are allowed to collect NTFPs on sustainable manner and sell their collected material to Chhattisgarh MFP Co-operative Federation Ltd and M.P. State MFP Federation Ltd. Flora and Fauna The BR is very rich with high density of flora. It comprises of 1527 species of identified flora, 324 species of identified fauna and many more undescribed floral and faunal taxa. Plant species like the lichen Caloplaca amarkantakana (Fam: Teloschistaceae), fern Isoetes bilaspurensis (Fam. Isoetaceae) and an angiosperm Bothrichloa grahamii (Fam: Poaceae) are endemic to this region. twenty eight threatened species of flora and 55 threatened species of fauna belonging to various groups have been identified and observed to different threat categories regionally as well as globally as per IUCN criteria ver.2001. The pteridophyte Ceratopteris thalictroides (syn. Acrostichum thalictroides), Cheilanthes rufa (syn. Aleuritopteris rufa), Dryoathyrium boryanum (syn. Aspidium boryanum, Lastrea boryana, Phegopteris kingie), Marginaria macrocarpa, Microsorium membranaceum (syn. Polypodium membranaceum, Pleopeltis membranaceum), Polystichum auriculatum (syn. P. harpohyllum), Pteris quadriaurita (syn. Polypodium membranaceum, Pleopeltis membranacea) were sampled in 1970 and thereafter some of the texa recorded once or twice in 30 years whereas others could not be recorded and probably have been extinct from the wild. Some species of ferns like Adiantum capillus veneris and Lygodium flexuosum are endangered. Among angiosperms, Rauvolfia serpentina is critically endangered in the BR whereas Clerodendrum serratum, Acorus calamus, and Eulophia herbacea are endangered locally as well as at regional level. Remaining 22 species are, however, found vulnerable. Among fauna, there are 2 critically endangered species, viz. Philautus sanctisilvaticus (Amphibia: Hylidae), Gyps bengalensis (Aves: Accipitridae) and 2 endangered fauna, viz. Notopterus chitala (Pisces: Notopteridae), Panthera tigris (Mammalia: Felidae) besides, 51 low risk to vulnerable species as per IUCN categorization. The area of the BR has a known habitat for animals like tiger, bison, bear, spotted deer, barking deer, panther, wild cat, fox, wild dog, sambhar, four horned antelope, mouse deer, etc. It has rugged terrain as well as grasslands giving shelter to wildlife in all seasons. Rich dense forests dominated by sal and its associates give way to high precipitation further enhancing and promoting moist habitat and supported plant diversity. Besides this, there are 518 floral species of food and medicinal values. Seven of them are pteridophytes whereas remaining 511 species are flowering plants of dicotyledons and monocotyledons. Studies on sustainable harvesting of many species have been done during past and studies on some of them are in progress. 4 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) Objectives of Achanakmar- Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. To conserve the diversity and integrity of flora and fauna within natural ecosystem. To safeguard genetic diversity of species on which their continuing evolution depends. To ensure sustainable use of the natural resources through most appropriate technology for improvement of economic well-being of the local people. To provide logistic support to the people, including scientists and academicians, to undertake research activities and share knowledge generated on conservation and exchange of information at national and global levels. To educate and provide training to local inhabitants for their sustainable socioeconomic upliftment. 2. CURRENT INFORMATION Achanakmar- Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve represents the Deccan Peninsular zone of the bio-geographic classification of India. To achieve the objectives of the national man and biosphere (MAB) program for any biosphere reserve, the first step is to know the floral and faunal diversity within natural ecosystem. The forest vegetation in the BR is “Tropical Deciduous type” and is classified into Northern Indian Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests, subtype Northern Indian Moist Deciduous Forests consisting of Moist Peninsular sal forest-moist high level sal forest, moist low level sal forest, moist valley sal forest and Northern Indian Moist Deciduous Forests sub-type Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests Northern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests subtypes Dry Peninsular sal Forests and Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forests, which occur mainly in the core area and a few ranges of buffer zone, predominate over the Northern dry mixed deciduous forests around the periphery of the BR. Due to its varied forest type, topography, climate and water sheds, etc., it is very rich in floral and faunal composition comprising of both aquatic as well as terrestrial ecosystems. I. Floral resources The BR is very rich in term of flora and microbial diversity. It has more than 317 species of thallophytes (algae, fungi and lichen), 44 species of bryophytes, 40 species of ferns, 16 species of gymnosperms and more than 1,111 species of angiosperms. They yield spices, food, ayurvedic medicines and timbers. In Northern Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests, sal is the dominant species occurring in hilly tracts and low level areas of Lamni, Game, Marwahi and Achanakmar ranges as well as in the valley in Khudia range. Sal and its associates like saja, bija, dhaora, kasai, lendia, etc. and many species of shrubs, climbers and herbs exist in this type. The dry mixed deciduous forest consists of dry sal with associates in the top storey like saja, bija, dhaora, kusum, kasai, lendia, jamun, mahua, aonla, achar, baranga, amla, bel, garari, kari, khamer, salai, tendu, tilwan, and a few other thorny species in the middle storey, banrahar, chhind, dhawai, harsingar, kurdai and kalabansa in the undergrowth; chhira, kusum, bhurbhusi, and mushel as grasses and mahul, etc. as common climbers. 5 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) The species belonging to various groups of flora existing in different ranges of Achanakmar - Amarkantak BR, their distribution in BR , their status as common “C” or rare “R”, their habit/ habitat and uses have been given in the following table. The species threatened have been categorized as per IUCN Categories and Criteria 2001 version 3.1. Table 1. Different species of Flora reported from Achanakmar-Amarkantak BR S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Food for aquatic fauna Food for aquatic fauna Food for aquatic fauna Food for aquatic fauna Food for aquatic fauna Food for aquatic fauna Food for aquatic fauna 1. THALLOPHYTA A. ALGAE 1. Batrachospermum sp. Thoreaceae - - C 2. Coleochaete sp. Characeae - - C 3. Chara sp. Characeae - - C 4. Ulothrix sp. Characeae Chhaparwa River C 5. Volvox sp. Volvocaceae Chhaparwa River C 6. Voucheria sp. Microchaetaceae - - C 7. Zygnema sp. Zygnemataceae Amarkantak Pond soil surface C Absidia butleri Lendner Absidia butleri Lichth Absidia ramosa (Lindl.) Lendner Absidia spinosa Lendner Absidiaceae Absidiaceae Absidiaceae Amarkantak Achanakmar Achanakmar Soil fungus Soil fungus Soil fungus C C C Hp Hp Hp Absidiaceae Soil fungus C Hp Acaulospora delicata C. Walker, CM Pfeiff. & Bloss Acaulospora longula Spain & Schenck. Acaulospora scrobiculata Trappe Agaricus sp. Lepiota procera (Scop. ex Fr.) Kumm. Macrolepiota dolichaula Singer Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Acaulosporaceae Achanakmar, Lamni Amarkantak VAM C Fer. Acaulosporaceae Amarkantak VAM C Fer. Acaulosporaceae Amarkantak VAM C Fer. Agaricaceae Agaricaceae BR area BR area Mushroom Mushroom C C F F Agaricaceae Agonomycetaceae BR area Amarkantak Mushroom Leaves of Jatropha pandurifolia C C F Pp B. FUNGI 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 6 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. 19. 20. 21. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Botryosphaeria obtusa (Schw.) Shoemaker Pleurotus flabellatus Berk. & Br. Chaetomium globosum Kunze & Schm. Botryosphaeriaceae Amarkantak C Pp Botryosphaeriaceae Chaetomiaceae Entire BR area Lamni Parasitic on Pinus patula Mushroom Soil fungus C C F Decomp osing fungi Pp Antibiotic prodution 22. 23. Chaetomium gracile Udagawa Chaetomium reflexum Skolko & J. W. Grove Chaetomiaceae Chaetomiaceae Achanakmar Amarkantak 24. Thielavia terricola (Gilman & Abbott) Emmons Blakeslea trispora Thaxter Coprinus sp. Cunnighamella echinulata Thaxt. Acremonium sp. Acrophialophora fusispora (S. B. Saksena) Samson Chaetomiaceae Chaetomiaceae Coprinace Cunnighamellaceae Achanakmar, Lamni Amarkantak Achanakmar Dematiaceae Dematiaceae Achanakmar Amarkantak Dematiaceae Dematiaceae Lamni Amarkantak, Lamni Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. Acrophialophora sp. Alternaria alternate (Fr.) Keissler Alternaria humicola Oudemans Alternaria sp. Alternaria tenuissima (Kuntze ex Pres.) Wiltshire Annellophragmia coonoorensis (Subram.) Subram. Dematiaceae Dematiaceae Dematiaceae Dematiaceae Sonemuda, Amarkantak Dematiaceae Soil fungus Parasitic on Pinus caribaea Soil fungus C C C Hp Soil fungus Mushroom Soil fungus C C C Pp F _ Soil fungus Parasitic on Pinus caribaea Soil fungus On various hosts Soil fungus Soil fungus Soil fungus C C _ _ C C _ Pr C C C _ _ _ C _ Lamni Present on Saccharum munja Soil fungus C _ Dematiaceae Achanakmar Soil fungus C _ Dematiaceae Achanakmar Soil fungus C _ 39. Aspergillus candidus Link. Aspergillus fischeri Wehmer Aspergillus flavipes (Bain & Sart.) Thom. Aspergillus flavus Link. Dematiaceae Soil fungus C _ 40. Aspergillus fumigates Fres. Dematiaceae Soil fungus C _ 41. Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam.) Wingate Aspergillus niger van Tiegh. Dematiaceae Achanakmar, Lamni Achanakmar, Lamni Achanakmar Soil fungus C _ Soil fungus C _ Soil fungus Soil fungus C C _ _ Soil fungus C _ Soil fungus C _ 36. 37. 38. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. Dematiaceae Aspergillus ochraceus Withelm. Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlburg) Cohn. Aspergillus terreus Thom. Dematiaceae Dematiaceae Aspergillus versicolor (Vuill.) Tiraboschi Dematiaceae Achanakmar, Lamni Achanakmar Achanakmar Dematiaceae Achanakmar, Lamni Amarkantak 7 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Botryotis sp. Cephaliophora tropica Thaxt. Cephalosporium curtipes Sacc. Cercospora pinidensiflorae Hori et Nambu Cercospora paramigmyae Thirum. & Chupp. Dematiaceae Dematiaceae Dematiaceae Dematiaceae Lamni Achanakmar Amarkantak Amadoh, Amarkantak Amarkantak C C C C _ _ _ Pr C Pr 52. Cercospora timoriensis Cooke Dematiaceae Rajendragram, Amarkantak C Pr 53. Cercosporidium helicteretis Soni et al. Dematiaceae Amarkantak C Pr 54. Cladosporium acaciae Panwar Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link. Cladosporium oxysporum Berk. & M.A. Curtis Cladosporium werneckii Parreirs Horta Dematiaceae Lamni Soil fungus Soil fungus Soil fungus On pinus roxburghii On Lagerstoemi a parviflora On leaf of Ipomoea hedrifolia On Helicteres isora Soil fungus C _ Dematiaceae Achanakmar Soil fungus C _ Dematiaceae Amarkantak On Cassia sp. C Pr Dematiaceae Lamni Soil fungus C _ 58. Endocalyx amarkantakensis Patel, Pandey & Rajak Dematiaceae Amarkantak C _ 59. Eriocercospora moghaniae Singh Dematiaceae C _ 60. Humicola grisea Traaen. Dematiaceae C _ 61. Humicola indica Haware & Singh Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin. Mycoleptodiscus indicus (Sahni) Sutton Dematiaceae Lakshaman dhara, Durgadhara, Amarkantak Achanakmar, Lamni Lamni On dead Shorea robusta Leaf spot disease on Dioscorea bulbifera Soil fungus Soil fungus C _ Dematiaceae Achanakmar Soil fungus C Ento. Dematiaceae Amarkantak C _ Paecilomyces fusisporus Saksena Penicillium citrinum Thom. Penicillium javanicum Van Beyma Sarcinella indica Kamal & Narayan Dematiaceae Achanakmar Leaf of Grewia acuminata Soil fungus C _ Dematiaceae Achanakmar Soil fungus C _ Dematiaceae Achanakmar Soil fungus C _ Dematiaceae Kirar forest, Rajendragram C _ Scopulariopsis sp. Sepedonium maheswarianum Mukerji Dematiaceae Dematiaceae Lamni Achanakmar Leaves of Cryptostegia grandiflora Soil fungus Soil fungus C C _ _ 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 55. 56. 57. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. Dematiaceae 8 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 70. 71. 72. Sporotrichum sp. Scytalidium sp. Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fr. Dematiaceae Dematiaceae Dematiaceae Soil fungus Soil fungus Soil fungus C C C _ _ _ 73. Dematiaceae C _ C _ 75. 76. Tripospermum acaciae Agarwal & Sharma Tripospermum juglandis (Thum.) Hughes Verticillium sp. Zygosporium minus Hughes Dematiaceae Dematiaceae C C _ _ 77. Diatrype sp. Diatrypaceae Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar, Lamni Jagatpur, Amarkantak Sonemuda, Amarkantak Achanakmar Jagatpur, Amarkantak Amarkantak C Pr 78. Diatrype syzygii Narendra & VG Rao Cryptosphaeria sessilis Patel, Pandey & Rajak Diatrypaceae Jagatpur C Pr Diatrypaceae Lakshaman Dhara C _ C _ C C F _ 80. Sarcinella indica Kamal & Narayan Englerulaceae Rajendragram 81. 82. Geastraceae Gigasporaceae BR area Amarkantak Gigasporaceae Glomaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak Soil fungus Soil fungus C C _ _ Glomaceae Amarkantak Soil fungus C _ Hymenochaetaceae Jagatpur C Pr Hymenochaetaceae BR area On stem of Shorea robusta - C _ Hymenochaetaceae Hymenochaetaceae BR area BR area - C C _ _ Hymenochaetaceae BR area - C _ 91. Geastrum sp. Gigaspora marginata (Becker) Hall. Scutellospora sp. Glomus aggregatum Schenk. & Smith Glomus intraradics Schenk. & Smith Aurificaria shoreae (Wakef & Grove) Ryv. (Syn Polyporus shorae Wakef & Grove) Inonotus tabacinus (Mont.) Kavst. Polystictus sp. Polystictus steinheilianus Berk. & Lev. Phellinus caryophylli (Racib.) G. Cunn. (Syn. Fomes caryophylli (Racib.) Bres.) Phellinus fustuosus (Lev.) Ryv. Chisocheton paniculatum Lagerstoemi a parviflora Soil fungus Leaves of Acalypha sp. On Flacourtia indica, Acacia auriculiformis, Grewia sp. On Syzygium cumini Dead wood of Shorea robusta Parasitic on Cryptostegia grandiflora Mushroom Soil fungus Hymenochaetaceae Achanakmar C Pr 92. Phellinus gilvus (Schwein) Pat. Hymenochaetaceae Chada On stem of Shorea robusta On stem of Shorea robusta C Pr 74. 79. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. Dematiaceae 9 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Hymenochaetaceae BR area - C 94. Phellinus pachyphloeus (Pat.) Pat. (Syn. Fomes pachyphloeus sensu G.Cunn.) Phellinus sp. Hymenochaetaceae Amarkantak C Pr 95. Hypoxylon diatrypeoides Rehm. Hypoxylaceae Keonchi, Amarkantak C Pr 96. Hypoxylon rubiginosa Pers. ex Fr. Hypoxylaceae Achanakmar C Pr 97. Hypoxylon sp. Hypoxylaceae Chada, Jagatpur C Pr 98. Hypoxylon stygium (Lev.) Sacc. Hypoxylaceae Jagatpur C Pr 99. Hypoxylon vogesiacum var microsporum J H Mill. Hysterium angustatum Alb. Schwein Hypoxylaceae Amarkantak C Pr Hysteriaceae Amarkantak On stem of Bauhinia sp. On twig of Shorea robusta, Ougeinia oojeinensis, Flacourtia indica On Dendrocala mus strictus On Ziziphus xylopyra, Terminalia tomentosa, Syzygium cumini On twig of Shorea robusta On Holoptelea integrifolia On leaves of Dillenia pentagyna On Populus sp. On Populus sp. Mushroom C Pr C Pr C Pr C _ C Pr C Pr C Pr C Pr 93. 100. 101. Kutilakesa madreeya Subram. Incertaesedis Amarkantak 102. Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr. Lycoperdon pusillum (Batsch) Pers. Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler Incertaesedis Amarkantak Lycoperdaceae BR area Melanoconiaceae Amarkantak 105. Pestalotiopsis palmarum (Cook) Steyaert Melanoconiaceae Amarkantak 106. Pestalotiopsis sp. Melanoconiaceae Amarkantak 107. Pestalotiopsis versicolor (Speg.) Steyaert Melanoconiaceae Amarkantak 103. 104. 10 On Bauhinia purpurea, Dioscorea daemona On needle of Pinus roxburghii On leaves of Gardenia latifolia, Grevillea pteridifolia On leaves of Randia dumetorum, Pinus patula Econo mic Import ance Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 108. Meliola sp. Meliolaceae Chada C Pr 109. Fusarium chlamydosporium Wollenw. & Reink. Fusarium compactum (Wollenw.) W. Gordon Fusarium flocciferum Corda Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. Moniliaceae Achanakmar On Shorea robusta Soil fungus C _ Moniliaceae Achanakmar Soil fungus C _ Moniliaceae Moniliaceae Soil fungus Soil fungus, On Coffea arabica C C _ _ Fusarium solani (Mart.) App. & Wollenw. Fusarium sp. Geotrichum candidus Link ex Pers. Septofusidium sp. Volutella lini Mukerji, Tewari & Rai Circinella muscae (Sorok.) Berl. & de Toni. Mucor pusillus Lindt. Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb. Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Lind. Mycenastrum corium (Gueresent) Desv. Neocosmospora sp. Cyathus limbatus Tul. Nitschkia conanii Patel, Pandey & Rajak Moniliaceae Soil fungus C _ Soil fungus Soil fungus C C _ _ Moniliaceae Moniliaceae Achanakmar Achanakmar, Lamni, Amarkantak, Jagatpur nursery Achanakmar, Lamni Achanakmar Achanakmar, Lamni Lamni Achanakmar Soil fungus Soil fungus C C _ _ Mucoraceae Achanakmar Soil fungus C _ Mucoraceae Mucoraceae Soil fungus Soil fungus C C _ _ Soil fungus C _ Mycenastraceae Achanakmar Achanakmar, Lamni Achanakmar, Lamni BR area Mushroom C _ Nectriaceae Nidulariaceae Nitschkiaceae Lamni BR area Kapildhara C C C _ _ _ Onygenaceae Achanakmar Soil fungus Cup fungi On dead wood and bark of Shorea robusta Soil fungus C _ Onygenaceae Achanakmar Soil fungus C _ Peniophoraceae Phallaceae BR area BR area Mashroom Mashroom C C _ _ 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. Chrysosporium keratinophilum (Fres.) Carmichael Chrysosporium tropicum Carmichael Peniophora sp. Phallus impudicus L. ex Pers. Moniliaceae Moniliaceae Mucoraceae 130. Leptosphaerulina trifolii (Rost.) Petr. Pleoporaceae Achanakmar Soil fungus C _ 131. Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn Pleoporaceae Achanakmar, Lamni Soil fungus C _ 132. Curvularia verruculosa Tandon & Bilgrami ex M. B. Ellis Pleoporaceae Amarkantak On Pinus patula C Pr 11 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 133. Podoschypha petaloides var. rosulata Reid Podoschyphaceae Amarkantak C _ 134. Diacathodes novo guinensis Cooke & Harku Polyporaceae Jagatpur C Wd 135. 136. Fomes tricolor (Murr.) Bres. Microporus vernicipes (Berk.) Kuntze. Microporus xanthopus (Fr.) Kuntze Nigroporus vinosus (Berk.) Murr. Polyporus arcularius Batsch ex Fr. Polyporus ostreiformis Berk. Polyporus secernibilis Berk. Poria sp. Pycnocarpus sanguineus (L. ex Fr.) Murr. Polyporaceae Polyporaceae Common Jagatpur On decomposed needles of Pinus kesiya, P. patula On stem of Shorea robusta - C C Wd Wd Polyporaceae BR area - C Wd Polyporaceae BR area Mushroom C Wd Polyporaceae BR area - C Wd Polyporaceae Polyporaceae Polyporaceae Polyporaceae BR area BR area BR area Amarkantak C C C C Wd Wd Wd Wd Polyporaceae Achanakmar On dead stem of standing tree of Shorea robusta - C Wd Polyporaceae Polyporaceae Achanakmar BR area - C C Wd Wd Polyporaceae BR area - C Wd Polyporaceae Polyporaceae Polyporaceae BR area BR area BR area - C C C Wd Wd Wd Pythiaceae Pythiaceae Achanakmar Achanakmar Soil fungus Soil fungus C C _ Pr Russulaceae Russulaceae Russulaceae Schizophyllaceae BR area Achanakmar Achanakmar BR area Mushroom Mushroom Mushroom Mushroom C C C C Edible Edible _ _ Sclerodermataceae - Mushroom C _ 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. Pyrofomes tricolor (Murr.) Corner Trametes cubensis (Murr.) Sacc. Trametes inserta (Currey) Cooke Polystictus leoninus Klotzsch. (Syn. Trametes leonina (Klotzsch) Imazeki) Trametes meyenii Klotzsch. Trametes versatilis Berk. Trichaptum bioforme (Fr.) Ryv. (Syn. Polystictus elongatus Berk.) Pythium sp. Pythium aphanidermatum (Eds.) Fitz. Russula sp. Russula emetica Fr. Russula pseudodelica Lange Leucophellinus hobsoni (Berk. ex Cooke) Ryv. (Syn. Trametes straminea (Pat.) Lloyd) Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.) Morg. 12 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Sclerodermataceae Amarkantak Mushroom C Edible 159. 160. Scleroderma bovista Fr. (Syn. S. texense Berk.) Scleroderma radicans Lloyd Bartalina robillardoides Tassi Sclerodermataceae Sclerodermataceae BR area Amarkantak, Rajendragram C C _ Pr 161. Coniothyrium sp. Sphaeropsidaceae Amarkantak C Pr 162. Cytospora pini Desm. Sphaeropsidaceae Amarkantak C Pr 163. Cytospora sp. Sphaeropsidaceae Amarkantak C Pr 164. Flavodon flavus (Klotzch.) Ryv. Sphaeropsidaceae Keonchi C _ 165. Junghuhnia luteoalba (P. Karst) Ryv. Sphaeropsidaceae Jagatpur, Dindori C _ 166. Macrophomina phaseolina (Maubl.) Ashby Sphaeropsidaceae Amarkantak C Pr 167. Phoma glomerata (Corda) Wr. & Hochapfel Phoma medicaginis Malbr. & Roum. Phoma sorghina (Sacc.) Boerema Sphaeropsidaceae Amarkantak C Pr Sphaeropsidaceae Achanakmar On Shorea robusta, Murraya exotica On Grevillea pteridifolia On twigs of Pinus patula On Grevillea pteridifolia On log of Shorea robusta On log of Shorea robusta On on Grevillea pteridifolia On Grevillea pteridifolia Soil fungus C _ Sphaeropsidaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak C Pr 170. 171. Phoma sp. Phomopsis eucalypti Zerova Sphaeropsidaceae Sphaeropsidaceae Achanakmar Amarkantak nursery C C _ Pr 172. Phomopsis sp. Sphaeropsidaceae Amarkantak C Pr 173. Sphaeropsidaceae Amarkantak C Pr 174. Phomopsis vexans (Sacc. & P. Syd.) Phyllosticta grevilleae Gadd. Sphaeropsidaceae Amarkantak C Pr 175. 176. Stereum sp. Teichospora sp. Stereaceae Teichosporaceae BR area Achanakmar 177. 178. Thelephora sp. Clitocybe cerussata (Fr.) P. Kumm Podabrella microcarpa (Berk. & Broome) Singer Termitomyces sp. Thelephoraceae Tricholomataceae 158. 168. 169. 179. 180. C C Wd Pr BR area BR area On Grevillea pteridifolia, Soil fungus Soil fungus On Eucalyptus sp. On Gravillea pteridifolia, Agathis sp. On Acacia auriculiformis On Gravillea pteridifolia Mushroom On stem of Grewia hirsuta Mushroom - C C Wd _ Tricholomataceae BR area - C _ Tricholomataceae Amarkantak Mushroom C F 13 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. 181. 182. 183. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Termitomyces albuminosa (Berk) Heim Xerocomus sp. Biscogniauxia nummularia (Bull.) Kuntze Tricholomataceae Amarkantak _ C F Xerocomaceae Xylariaceae Achanakmar Achanakmar On Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini On Randia dumetorum On cut ends of stump of Shorea robusta On twigs of Emblica officinalis, Flacourtia indica C C _ Pr C Pr C Pr C Pr Bark of Emblica officinalis, Ficus spp., Holigarna sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea robusta,Syzy gium cumini, Terminalia arjuna, philippinensis Bark of philippinensis, Ficus sp., Holigara sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Bark of Ficus sp.,Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini. _ _ _ _ _ _ 184. Xylaria mellisii Berk. Xylariaceae Achanakmar 185. Xylaria papyrifera (Link) Fr. Xylariaceae Amarkantak 186. Xylaria sp. Xylariaceae Chada, Amarkantak C. LICHEN 187. Arthothelium abrorme (Ach.) Müll. Arg. Arthoneaceae Jwaleshwar, Border of core zone 188. A. pycnocarpoides Müll. Arg . Arthoneaceae Jwaleshwar, Kabirchabutra, Border of core zone 189. A. nigrodiscum Patw. & Makh. Arthoneaceae Chauradadar, Kabirchabutra 14 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 190. Arthonia recedens Stirton Arthoneaceae Kapildhara, Mai ki Bagia, Durgadhara, Kabirchabutra, 5 km Chhaparwa towards Kota, Chhaparwa nala _ _ 191. Cryptothecia sp. Arthoneaceae From Chhaparwa 22 km. before Kewachi Bark of , Ficus racemosa, Ficus sp., Holigarna sp. Mallotus philippiensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini. Bark of Ficus sp., Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini _ Dyes 192. C. culbursonae Patw. & Makh. Arthoneaceae Kabirchabutra, From Chhaparwa 22 km. before Kewachi Bark of Ficus sp., Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini _ _ 193. C. lunulata (Zahlbr.) Makh. & Patw. Arthoneaceae Kabirchabutra, Kapildhara, Mai ki Bagia, Jwaleshwar, Durgadhara, Gabhighat, 5 km before Chhaparwa from Amarkantak, Chhaparwa nala, 5 km away from Chhaparwa towards Kota, Border of core zone, 22 km before Keonchi from Chhaparwa Bark and Root of Bauhinia sp., Emblica officinalis, Ficus racemosa, Ficus sp., Holigarna sp., Mallotus philippiensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia cuneata, _ _ 15 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 194. C. involuta Stirton Arthoneaceae Jagatpur, Kabirchabutra _ _ 195. Bacidia millegrana (Taylor) Müll. Arg. Bacidiaceae Jagatpur forest rest house _ _ 196. B. rubella (Hoffm.) Massal. Bacidiaceae From Chhaparwa 22 km. before Kewachi, Border of core zone, Gabhighat _ _ 197. B. alutacea (Krempleh.) Zahlbr. Bacidiaceae Ataria, Kabirchabutra, 5 km before Chhaparwa from Amarkantak _ _ 198. B. psorina (Nyl. in Hue) Pant & Awasthi Bacidiaceae 13 km. from Chauradadar to Kabirchabutra, Kabirchabutra _ _ 199. Collema ryssoleum (Tuck.) A. Schneider Collemataceae Kabirchabutra, Kapildhara, Jwalehswar, Gabhighat Bark of Ficus sp., Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Ficus racemosa, Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica Terminalia cuneata, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cuneata Bark of Ficus sp., Mangifera indica, Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Bark of Ficus sp.,Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Root of Ficus racemosa, Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cuneata, Terminalia cuneata _ _ 16 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 200. C. subflaccidum Degel. Collemataceae Near to Kabirchabutra _ _ 201. Leptogium cyanescens (Robenh.) Körber Collemataceae Gabhighat, 22 km. from Chhaparwa before Kewanchi _ _ 202. L. chloromelum (Swartz ex Ach.) Nyl. Collemataceae Jwaleshwar, 5 km. away from Chhaparwa towards Kota, Khurkhuri dadar VALCO mining site. _ _ 203. L. furfuraceum (Harm.) Sierk Collemataceae Khurkhuri dadar Valco mining site. Bark of Ficus sp., Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Bark of Ficus racemosa, Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna Bark and root of Emblica officinalis, Ficus racemosa, Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna Bark of Ficus sp., Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini _ _ 204. L. austro-americanum (Malme) Dodge Collemataceae Chhaparwa towards Kota, Tarwartola, Khurkhuri dadar Bark of Mallotus philippinensis, Syzygium cumini, Shorea robusta _ _ 17 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 205. L. denticulatum Nyl. Collemataceae Chhaparwa- nala _ _ 206. L. marginellum (Swartz) Gray Collemataceae Mai ki Bagia, Kabirchabutra _ _ 207. L. phyllocarpum (Pers.) Mont. Collemataceae Near to Kabirchabutra _ _ 208. L. indicum Awasthi & P. Akhtar Collemataceae Tarwartola, Kabirchabutra _ _ 209. Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) Laundon Crysothericaceae Tarwartola, Near to Kabirchabutra _ _ 210. C. chlorina (Ach.) Laundon Crysothericaceae Ataria, Border of Core zone, 5 km before Chhaparwa from Amarkantak _ _ 211. Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann Dermatocarpaceae Kapildhara, Kabirchabutra _ Dye as green dyes for wool 212. Schadonia indica Upreti & Nayaka Ectolechiaceae _ _ 213. Graphis proserpens Vainio Graphidaceae From Chauradadar 8 km. before Kabirchabutra, Kabirchabutra Jagatpur, Khurkhuri dadar _ _ 214. Graphina panhalensis Patw. Kulkarni Graphidaceae Bark of Bauhinia sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Syzygium cumini, Shorea robusta Bark of Shorea robusta Root of Shorea robusta Root of Shorea robusta Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Ficus sp., Mallotus phillippensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Root of Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Bark of Emblica officinalis, Shorea robusta Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Bauhinia sp., Emblica officinalis, Ficus racemosa, _ _ 18 Ataria, Kapildhara, Mai ki bagia, Jwaleshwar, Durgadhara, Gabhighat, Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Chhaparwa, Chhaparwa nala, Keonchi Ficus sp., Holigarna sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna Bark of Mangifera indica, Syzygium cumini Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Mallotus philippinensis , Mangifera indica, Syzygium cumini, Shorea robusta, Bark of Emblica officinalis, Ficus racemosa , Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Bark of Emblica officinalis, Ficus racemosa, Mallotus philippinensis , Mangifera indica Mangifera 215. G. platycarpa (Eschw.) Zahlbr. Graphidaceae Durgadhara, 22 km before Keonchi from Chhaparwa 216. G. schyzographita Müll. Arg. Graphidaceae Jagatpur 217. Haematomma puniceum (Sm. ex Ach.) Massal. Haematommataceae Kapildhara, Durgadhara, 22km before Keonchi from Chhaparwa, Chhaparwa nala 218. Lecanora iseana Räsänen Lecanoraceae Durgadhara, Chhaparwa nala 219. L. perplexa Brodo Lecanoraceae Ataria, Mai ki bagia, Jwaleshwar, Durgadhara, From Amarkantak 5 km. before Chhaparwa, Chhaparwa nala, 5 km away from 19 Status Econo mic Import ance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Chhaparwa towards Kota, Border of core zone, 22 km before Keonchi from Chhaparwa indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna, Bark of Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Grewia sp., Mangifera indica., Pongamia pinnata Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indic, Grewia sp., Mangifera indica. Pongamia pinnata, Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Emblica officinalis, Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Bark of Emblica officinalis, Ficus racemosa, Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera 220. L. achroa Nyl. Lecanoraceae From Gorakhpur 7 km. before Karanjia, Kabirchabutra 221. L. alba Lumbsch Lecanoraceae Jagatpur, Kabirchabutra 222. L. coronulaus Nyl. Lecanoraceae From Gorakhpur 7 km. before Karanjia, Kabirchabutra 223. L. flavidofusca Müll. Arg. Lecanoraceae 224. L. imshaugii Brodo Lecanoraceae Karanjia, Kabirchabutra, Tarwartola From Chhaparwa 22 km before Kewachi, Kabirchabutra 225. L. leproplaca Zahlbr. Lecanoraceae 20 Jwaleshwar, Chhaparwa nala Status Econo mic Import ance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution 226. L. subimmersa (Fee) Vainio Lecanoraceae 5 km before Chhaparwa from Amarkantak 227. L. sulphurescens Fée Lecanoraceae Kabirchabutra 228. Lecanora sp. Lecanoraceae Border of core zone 229. L. tropica Zahlbr. Lecanoraceae Karanjia, Jagatpur, From Gorakhpur 7 km. before Karanjia, from Chauradadar 13 km. and 8 km.before Kabirchabutra,Kh urkhuri dadar Valco mining site plantation, Khurkhuri dadar - Valco mining site, Khurkhuri dadar, Near to Kabirchabutra, Pataleshwar, 230. Vainoria sp. Lecanoraceae 231. Lecidella sp. Lecanoraceae Jagatpur and Near Kabirchabutra Durgadhara, Chhaparwa nala 21 Habit/ habitat indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea robusta Bark and Root of Shorea robusta Bauhinia sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Syzygium cumini, Shorea robusta, Bark and Root Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Emblica officinalis, Eucalyptus sp., Ficus racemosa, Ficus sp., Grewia sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Pongamia pinnata, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Ficus racemosa, Mangifera Status Econo mic Import ance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution 232. Lepraria sp. Lichen-imperfecti Jwaleshwar, From Chhaparwa 5 km. towards Kota, From Chhaparwa 22 km. before Kewachi, Jagatpur, Tarwartola, Kabirchabutra 233. L. lobificans Nyl. Lichen-imperfecti Jwaleshwar, Gabhighat, Chhaparwa 5 km. towards Kota, Jagatpur, Tarwartola, Kabirchabutra, Border of core zone 234. Lecidia sp. Lecidiaceae Kapildhara 235. Phyllopsora kiiensis (Vainio) Gotth. Lecidiaceae Kabirchabutra, Tarwartola 22 Habit/ habitat indica, Mallotus philippinensis, Syzygium cumini, Shorea robusta Bark and Root of Emblica officinalis, Ficus racemosa, Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna Bark and Root of Bauhinia sp., Ficus racemosa, Malllotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia cuneata Root of Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Root of Ficus sp., Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Status Econo mic Import ance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. 236. Name of species Family P. corallina (Eschw.) Müll. Arg. Lecidiaceae Distribution Kapildhara and Chhaparwa-nala 237. P. manipurensis (Müll.Arg.) Gotth Lecidiaceae Jagatpur and Tarwartola 238. Letrouitia transgressa (Malme) Haf. & Bellem. Letrouitiaceae Ataria, Kabirchabutra, Kapildhara, Mai ki Bagia, Jwaleshwar, Durgadhara, Gabhighat, Chharparwa nala, From Chhaparwa 22km. from Keonchi, Karanjia, 5 km away from Chhaparwa towards Kota, Border of core zone, 5 km before Chhaparwa from Lamni 239. Pyxine cocoes (Swartz.) Nyl. Physciaceae Ataria, Kapildhara, Mai ki Bagia, Jwaleshwar, Durgadhara, From Amarkantak 5 km. before Chhaparwa, Gabhighat, Chhaparwa nala, Border of core zone, Tarwartola, Kabirchabutra, 22 km before Keonchi from Chhaparwa 240. P. berteriana (Fée) Imsh. Physciaceae From Gorakhpur 5 km. before Karanjia 23 Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Bark and Root Shorea robusta, Mallotus philippinensis, Syzygium cumini, Ficus racemosa Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Bauhinia sp., Emblica officinalis, Ficus racemosa, Ficus sp., Holigarna sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia cuneata Bark of Bauhinia sp., Emblica officinalis, Ficus racemosa, Ficus sp., Holigarna sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna Bark of Shorea robusta _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 241. P. subcinerea Stirton Physciaceae Chauradadar _ _ 242. P. petricola Nyl. Physciaceae Border of core zone _ _ 243. Buellia stillingiana Steiner Physciaceae Karanjia, Jagatpur, Chahuradadar, From Chauradadar 8 km. before Kabirchabutra, Kabirchabutra Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Bauhinia sp., Mallotus philippinensis,, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Bark of Emblica officinalis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta _ _ 244. B. albatrior (Nyl.) Szat. ex Awasthi Physciaceae Tarwartola _ _ 245. B. curtisii (Tuck.) Imsh.in Brodo Physciaceae Durgadhara, Border of core zone Bark of Shrorea obusta Bark of Emblica officinalis, Mangifera indica, Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, _ _ 246. B. pusillula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Physciaceae Ataria Bark of Shorea robusta _ _ 247. B. almorensis S. Singh & Awasthi Physciaceae Ataria, Kabirchabutra, Kapildhara, Jwaleshwar, Durgadhara, From Amarkantak 5 km. before Chhaparwa, 5 km before Chhaparwa from Amarkantak, Gabhighat, Bark and Root of Emblica officinalis, Ficus sp., Mallotus philippinensi sis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium _ _ 24 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Chhaparwa nala, Border of core zone, 22 km before Keonchi from Chhaparwa Kapildhara, Jagatpur forest rest house, Chauradadar, Tarwartola, From Chauradadar, 8 km. from Kabirchabutra cumini, Terminalia arjuna, 248. Heterodermia diademata (Taylor) Awas. Physciaceae 249. H. speciosa (Weelfen) Trensan Physciaceae 250. H. angustiloba (Müll. Arg.) Awasthi Physciaceae 251. H. hypocoesia (Yasuda) Awasthi Physciaceae Tarwartola, Khurikhuri dadar, VALCO mining site 252. H. pseudospeciosa (Kurok.) Culb. Physciaceae Near to Kabirchabutra 253. H. dissecta (Kurok.) Awasthi Physciaceae Kapildhara 254. H. obscurata (Nyl.) Trevisan Physciaceae Tarwartola, Kabirchabutra From Chauradadar 8 km. before Kabirchabutra, Near to Kabirchabutra Tarwartola, Kabirchabutra 25 Bark and root of Emblica officinalis , Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Bark of Emblica officinalis , Shorea robusta, Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Eucalyptus sp., Grewia sp. Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta Bark and Root of Mallotus philippinensi s, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Root of Mallotus philipenensis, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Bark of Shorea robusta Status Econo mic Import ance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 255. Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. Physciaceae Jwaleshwar _ _ 256. P. dimidiata (Aru.) Nyl. Physciaceae Khurikhuri dadar, VALCO mining site _ _ 257. Phyaeophyscia orbicularis (Necker) Moberg Physciaceae Jwaleshwar _ _ 258. P. hispidula (Ach.) Essl. Physciaceae Jwaleshwar, border of Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Near to Kabirchabutra _ _ 259. Dirinaria aegialata (Afz. in Ach.) Moore Physciaceae Jagatpur forest rest house, Tarwartola, Khurkhuri-dadar, Near to Kabirchabutra Bark and root of Emblica officinalis, Ficus sp., Mallotus phillipenensis, Shorea robusta, Terminalia arjuna, Bark of Eucalyptus sp, Grewia sp., Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta Root of Emblica officinalis, Ficus sp, Mallotus phillipenensis, Shorea robusta, Terminalia arjuna Bark and Root of Bauhinia sp., Emblica officinalis, Ficus sp, Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna Bark of Ficus sp, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini _ _ 26 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 260. D. consimilis (Stirton) Awas. Physciaceae Attaria, Tarwartola _ _ 261. Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) Massal. Physciaceae From Gorakhpur 7 Kms. before Karanjia _ _ 262. R. oxydata (Massal.) Massal. Physciaceae Kabirchabutra, Tarwartola _ _ 263. Pyrenula subglobnuscula Vainio Pyrenulaceae From Gorakhpur 7 Kms. before Karanjia, Kabirchabutra, Border of core zone _ _ 264. P. fuscoolivacea Vainio Pyrenulaceae Ataria, Kabirchabutra, 22 km before Keonchi from Chhaparwa, 5 km before Chhaparwa from Amarkantak Bark and Root of Shorea robusta Bark of Accacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Grewia sp., Mangifera indica, Pomgamia pinnata Root of Ficus sp., Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Bark of Accacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Bauhinia sp., Grewia sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Pomgamia pinnata, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Bark of Shorea robusta _ _ 265. Pertusaria sp. Pertusariaceae Jagatpur _ _ 27 Bark of Shorea robusta Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 266. P. acuta Müll. Arg. Pertusariaceae Mai ki Baghia, Jwaleshwar, 5 kms away from Chaparwa towards Kota, Border of core zone, from Chaparwa 22Kms before Keonchi, Kurkhuridadar, Kabirchabutra _ _ 267. P. amarkantakana Srivastava & Awasthi Pertusariaceae Jagatpur, Tarwartola, Kurkhuridadar, VALCO mining site, near to Kabirchaburtra _ _ 268. P. amara (Ach.) Nyl. Pertusariaceae _ _ 269. P. concinna Erichsen Pertusariaceaev Bark of Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, _ _ 270. P. coronata (Ach.) Th. Fr. Pertusariaceae Bark of Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, _ _ 271. P. cinchonae Müll. Arg. Pertusariaceae Kurkhuridadar VALCO mining site platation area Karanjia, Jagatpur, Khurkhuri-dadar VALCO mining site, Kabirchabutra Karanjia, Jagatpur, Khurkhridadar VALCO mining site, Kabirchabutra Karanjia, Jagatpur Bark of Bauhinia sp. Emblica officinalis, Ficus sp., Holigarna sp., Mallotus phillipinensis, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna Bark of Eucalyptus sp. Grewia sp. Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta Bark of Shorea robusta _ _ 272. P. dehiscens var. depressior Müll. Arg. Pertusariaceae Jagatpur _ _ 273. P. quassiae Fée Pertusariaceae Karanjia, Jagatpur Bark of Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta _ _ 28 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 274. P. leioplacella Nyl. Pertusariaceae Jagatpur, Khurkhuri dadar VALCO mining site, Khurkhri dadar _ _ 275. P. melastomella Nyl. Pertusariaceae _ _ 276. P. pustulata (Ach.) Duby Pertusariaceae _ _ 277. P. subdepressa Mull. Arg. Pertusariaceae _ _ 278. P. subochracea Stirton Pertusariaceae Jagatpur, Tarwartola, Kabirchabutra Karanjia, Jagatpur, Tarwartola Ataria, Mai ki Bagia, Jwaleshwar, Durgadhara, From Amarkantak 5km. from Chhaparwa, Gabhighat, Chhaparwa nala, 5 km from Chhaparwa towards Kota, Border of core zone, Kabirchabutra, Tarwartola, 22 km before Keonchi from Chhaparwa Chauradadar, Tarwartola, From Chauradadar 13 km before Kabirchabutra Bark of Eucalyptus sp., Grewia sp. Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Shorea robusta Bark and Root of Bauhinia sp., Emblica officianalis, Ficus racemosa, Ficus sp., Mallotus philippinensi s, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna _ _ 279. P. rigida Müll. Arg. Pertusariaceae Karanjia, Jagatpur, Kabirchabutra, Tarwartola, Chauradadar _ _ 280. P. rimosa Awsathi & Srivastava Pertusariaceae From Chauradadar 13 km before Kabirchabutra _ _ 29 Bark of Grewia sp., Pongamia pinnata, Shorea robusta Bark of Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta Bark of Shorea robusta Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 281. P. coccoed (Ach.) Nyl. Pertusariaceae Durgadhara, Chhaparwa nala, Kabirchabutra _ _ 282. P. himalayensis Awasthi & Srivastava Pertusariaceae Jwaleshwar, Durgadhara, Gabhighat, Kabirchabutra, Border of core zone, 22 km before Keonchi from Chhaparwa _ _ 283. P. puctata Nyl. Pertusariaceae Khurkhuri-dadar VALCO mining site, Kabirchabutra _ _ 284. P. splendens Awasthi & Srivastava Pertusariaceae Khurkhuri-dadar, Kabirchabutra Bark of Ficus racemosa, Mallotus philippinensi s, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Bark of Bauhinia sp., Emblica officinalis, Ficus sp., Ficus racemosa, Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna Bark of Eucalyptus sp., Grewia sp., Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta Bark of Shorea robusta _ _ 285. Bulbothrix setschwanensis (Zahlbr.) Hale Parmeliaceae Bark of Shorea robusta _ _ 286. B. isidiza (Nyl.) Hale Parmeliaceae Jagatpur, Tarwartola, Khurikhuri dadar, Kabirchabutra Chhaparwa, Border of core zone, Jagatpur, Chauradadar, Tarwartola, Khurikhuri dadar, Kabirchabutra Bark of Bauhinia sp., Eucalyptus sp., Grewia sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, _ M 30 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution 287. B. tabacina (Mont. & Bosch) Hale Parmeliaceae Tarwartola, Kabirchabutra 288. Canoparmelia texana (Tuck.) Elix & Hale Parmeliaceae From Amarkantak 5km. from Chhaparwa, Border of core zone, Tarwartola 289. C. aptata (Krempelh.) Elix & Hale Parmeliaceae Jagatpur 290. Parmotrema crinitum (Ach.) Choisy Parmeliaceae Kabirchabutra 291. P. praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale Parmeliaceae Ataria, Kabirchabutra, Kapildhara, Jwaleshwar, Jagatpur, Chauradadar, Tarwartola, Khurikhuri dadar- VALCO mining site plantation area, Khurikhuri dadar- VALCO mining site, Kabirchabutra 292. P. tinctorum (Nyl.) Hale Parmeliaceae From Amarkantak 5km before Chhaparwa, Gabhighat, Chhaparwa nala, Border of core zone 31 Habit/ habitat Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Bauhinia sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Shorea robusta Bark and Root of Emblica officinalis, Eucalyptus sp., Ficus sp., Grewia sp. Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna Bark and Root of Ficus racemosa, Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia arjuna Status Econo mic Import ance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ F _ _ _ F and spice Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 293. P. andinum (Müll. Arg.) Hale Parmeliaceae From Gorakhpur 7 km. before Karanjia, Karanjia _ _ 294. P. kamatii Patw. & Prabhu Parmeliaceae Jagatpur, Kabirchabutra _ _ 295. P. mesotropum (Müll. Arg.) Hale P. upretii Divakar Parmeliaceae - Bark of Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Grewia sp., Mangifera indica, Pongamia pinnata, Shorea robusta Bark of Shorea robusta - _ _ Parmeliaceae Kabirchabutra _ _ 297. P. wallichiana (Taylor) Elix & Hale Parmeliaceae Chhaparwa nala, Chauradadar, Tarwartola _ _ 298. Hypotrachyna infirma (Kurok.) Hale Parmeliaceae Tarwartola _ _ 299. Fellhanera semecarpi (Vainio) Vezda Pilocarpaceae Towards Kota 5km. away from Chhaparwa _ _ 300. Protoblastenia russula (Ach.) Räsänen Psoraceae _ _ 301. Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt Peltulaceae Karanjia, Khurikhuri dadar- VALCO mining site plantation area Kapildhara, From Amarkantak 5 km before Chhaparwa, Gabhighat _ _ 296. 32 Bark of Shorea robusta Bark of Ficus racemosa, Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea robusta Bark of Shorea robusta Leaf of Holigarna sp. Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Bark of Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta Root of Ficus racemosa, Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution 302. Phylliscum indicum Upreti Licheniaceae Pataleshwar temple 303. Diploschistes rampoddensis (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Thelotremataceae Khurikhuri-dadar 304. Caloplaca sp. Teloschistaceae Jwaleshwar 305. C. bassiae (Ach.) Zahlbr. Teloschistaceae Chauradadar, Khurikhuridadar-VALCO mining site plantation area, Khurik-huri dadar 306. C. citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. Teloschistaceae From Gorakhpur 7 km before Karanjia 307. C. poliotera (Nyl.) Steiner Teloschistaceae Ataria, Kapildhara 308. C. amarkantakana Joshi & Upreti Teloschistaceae Tarwartola, Kapildhara, Khurkhuri-dadar, Kabirchabutra 33 Habit/ habitat robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia cuneata Lime plaster of monument Root of Shorea robusta Root of Emblica officinalis, Ficus sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea robusta, Terminalia arjuna Bark and Root of Eucalyptus sp., Grewia sp., Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta Bark of Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Grewia sp., Mangifera indica, Pongamia pinnata, Root of Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Root of Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea Status Econo mic Import ance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution 309. Endocarpon nanum A. Singh & Upreti Verrucariaceae Towards Kota 5 km away from Chhaparwa, Pataleshwar, Gabhighat 310. E. subrosettum A. Singh & Upreti Verrucariaceae Towards Kota 5 km away from Chhaparwa, Gabhighat 311. E. nigrozonatum A. Singh & Upreti Verrucariaceae 312. Staurothele clopima (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. Verrucariaceae Mai ki Bagia, Khurkhuri-dadar, Tarwartola Kabirchabutra, Kapildhara, Maiki Bagia, Amarkantak 5 km before Chhaparwa, Gabhighat, Tarwartola 313. S. fissa (Taylor) Zwack Verrucariaceae Kabirchabutra, Tarwartola 314. Verrucaria coerulea (Ram.) DC. Verrucariaceae Kabirchabutra, Kapildhara 34 Habit/ habitat robusta, Syzygium cumini Root of Lime plaster of monument, Mallotus philippinensis, Syzygium cumini, Shorea robusta Root of Mallotus philippinensis, Syzygium cumini, Shorea robusta Root of Shorea robusta Root of Ficus racemosa, Ficus sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Terminalia arjuna, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Root of Ficus sp. , Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Root of Ficus sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini Status Econo mic Import ance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 315. Thelenella levidella (Nyl.) Mayrh. Thelenellaceae From Amarkantak 5km before Chhaparwa _ _ 316. Trapeliopsis sp. Trapeliaceae Kabirchabutra, Tarwartola, 5 km before Chhaparwa from Amarkantak Root of Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea robusta Root of Ficus sp., Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini _ _ C C _ _ C _ C _ C _ C _ C _ C _ C _ C _ C _ C _ C _ C _ C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. BRYOPHYTE 317. 318. Porella sp. Riccia billardieri Porellaceae Ricciaceae Throughout BR 319. Riccia gangetica Ahmad Ricciaceae Amarkantak 320. Riccia sp. Ricciaceae Amarkantak 321. Marchantia nepalensis Marchantiac - 322. Marchantia sp. Marchantiac - 323. Cyathodium sp. Targioniacea - 324. Targionia sp. Targioniacea - 325. Fossombronia himalayensis Fossombroniaceae - 326. Riccardia sp. Riccardiaceae - 327. Anthoceros erectus Anthocerotaceae - 328. Anthoceros sp. Anthocerotaceae - 329. Notothylus indicus Anthocerotaceae - 330. Notothylus sp. Anthocerotaceae - 331. Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. Rhynchostegium celebicum Brachymenium exile Bryum capillare Pohlia gedeana Octoblepharum albidum Entodon rubicundus E. scariosus Funariaceae Kabirchabutra Brachytheciaceae Bryaceae Bryaceae Bryaceae Calymperaceae Entodontaceae Entodontaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak Amarkantak Amarkantak Amarkantak Amarkantak 332. 333. 334. 335. 336. 337. 338. 35 On soil and rocks On soil and rocks On soil and rocks On soil and rocks On soil and rocks On soil and rocks On soil and rocks On soil and rocks On soil and rocks On soil and rocks On soil and rocks On soil and rocks On soil and rocks On soil and rocks On soil On rocks On soil On rocks On tree bark On tree bark On tree bark Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 339. Erythrodontium julaceum Entodontaceae On tree bark _ _ 340. 341. 342. 343. Levierella fabroniacea Fissidens involutus F. subpulchellus Bryosedgwickia aurea Fabroniaeae Fissidentacea Fissidentacea Hypnaceae On tree bark On tree bark On rocks On tree bark _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 344. Ectropothecium cygnicollum Hypnaceae On rocks _ _ 345. Hypnum aduncoides Hypnaceae Kabirchabutra, Amarkantak Amarkantak Amarkantak Kabirchabutra Kabirchabutra, Amarkantak Kabirchabutra, Amarkantak Amarkantak _ _ 346. Isopterygium micans Hypnaceae Amarkantak _ _ 347. Pseudotaxiphy elegans Hypnaceae _ _ 348. 349. Taxiphyllum giraldii Herpetineuron toccoae Hypnaceae Leskeaceae Kabirchabutra, Amarkantak Amarkantak Amarkantak _ _ _ _ 350. 351. Anoectangium clarum Hyophila involuta Pottiaceae Pottiaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak _ _ _ _ 352. 353. Racopilum orthocapum Entodontopsis leucostega Racopilaceae Stereophyllaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak _ _ _ _ 354. 355. Entodontopsis anceps E. nitens Stereophyllaceae Stereophyllaceae _ _ _ _ 356. 357. Thuidium koelzii T. investe Thuidiaceae Thuidiaceae Amarkantak Kabirchabutra, Amarkantak Amarkantak Kabirchabutra On tree bark and soil On rocks near water stream and soil On soil and rocks On soil On tree bark and rocks On wall On soil and rocks On tree bark On tree bark and rocks On tree bark On tree bark _ _ _ _ 358. 359. T. kiasense Trachyphyllum infecxum Thuidiaceae Thuidiaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak _ _ _ _ 360. Polytrichum sp. Polytrichaceae - C _ EN _ C _ On rocks On rocks and stem bark On tree bark On soil and rocks On tree bark - 3. PTERIDOPHYTA 361. Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Adiantaceae Lamni, Amadob, Amarkantak 362. Adiantum lunulatum Burm. (Syn. Adiantum philippense L.) Adiantaceae Achanakmar, Kapildhara, Dugdh dhara, Aamanala, Chachai, Kirer ghati 36 Terrestrial, slopy soil and rocks, surfaces of stream banks Terrestrial, slowpy soil and rocks, surfaces of stream banks Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 363. Adiantum incisum (Retz.) Copel. (Syn. Adiantum caudatum auct. Beddome) Adiantaceae Throughout BR C _ 364. Dryopteris cochleata (D. Don) C. Chr. (Syn. Nephrodium cochleatum Buch. Aspidiaceae C _ 365. Dryopteris sparsa (D.Don) O. Ktze. Aspidiaceae Dudhdhara, Kapildhara, Panchdhara, Amadob, Amarkantak Amarkantak Terrestrial, slowpy soil and rocks, surfaces of stream banks Rocky, shady, moist desiduous area C _ 366. Polystichum auriculatum Sensu Bedd. (Syn. Polystichum harpohyllum (Zenk. et Ktze.) Sledge Tectaria macrodonta (Fee.) C. Chr. (Syn. Aspidium coadunatum Wall ex Hook et Grev., Tectaria coadunata (Wall ex Hook. et Grev.) C. Chr. Tectaria polymorpha (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel Aspidiaceae - Rocky, shady, moist desiduous area _ EX _ Aspidiaceae Sonmuda, Amanala, Kapildhara Crevices rocks, shady rabines C _ Aspidiaceae Kapildhara C _ 369. Asplenium cheilosorum Kze. ex Mett. (Syn. Asplenium heterocarpum Wall.) Aspleniaceae Amarkantak EN _ 370. Athyrium falcatum Bedd. (Syn. Athyrium drepanophyllum (Bak.) Bedd., Asplenium drepanophyllum Bak.) Athyriaceae R _ 371. Azolla pinnata R. Br. Azollaceae Amarkantak, Aamanala, Dudhdhara, Kapildhara, Maikibagia, Sonmuda Throughout BR Laterite where perennial stream tickle down Rocky, humus surface, indo-malay distribution Dry grassy plains, and rocks along stream C _ 372. Blechnum orientale Linn. (Syn. Asplenium orientale (L.) Bernh., Blechnum javanicum (L.) Pr.) Azollaceae Amarkantak, Dudhdhara, Shambhudhara R _ 373. Cheilanthes farinosa Forssk.) Kaulf. (Syn. Pteris farinosa Forsk., Cheilanthes pulveracea Cheilanthaceae Kapildhara, Aama nala, Dudhdhara, Chachai, Chada, Free floating on surface of the ponds and lakes Open areas along stream and forest edges Plains and hills in the crevices of C _ 367. 368. 37 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Pr., Aleuritopteris farinosa (Forsk.) Fee) Distribution Habit/ habitat Amarkantak rocks, moist and open areas Plains and hills in the crevices of rocks, moist and open areas Plains and hills in the crevices of rocks, moist and open areas Along stream, pemanent water sources in hilly region Stream banks in hilly region in open lime rich soil River and stream banks Swampy marshes Banks of stream, shallow water Banks of stream, shallow water Epiphyte as well as lithophyte in mountainous areas Aquatic shallow ponds, fresh water ponds and muddy soil 374. Cheilanthes albomarginata Clarke Cheilanthaceae Throughout BR 375. Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm. f.) Sw. Cheilanthaceae Throughout BR 376. Alsophila balakrishanii Cyatheaceae Throughout BR 377. Sphenomeris chinensis (L.) Maxon Lindsiaeaceae Throughout BR 378. Equisetaceae Dudhdhara, Chachai 379. Equisetum ramossissimum Desf. subsp. debile (Roxb. ex Vaucher) Hauke Equisetum diffusum D. Don. Equisetaceae Amarkantak 380. Isoetes bilaspurensis Panigrahi Isoetaceae Pasan, Amritdhara 381. Isoetes coromandelina L.f. Isoetaceae Near Kota 382. Loxogramme involute (D. Don.) Presl. Loxogrammaceae Throughout BR 383. Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. (Syn. Marsilea minuta L., Marsilea major (Haines) Chowdhury) Marsileaceae Throughout BR 38 Status Econo mic Import ance C _ C _ C _ C _ C _ C _ Endemi c _ C _ C _ C _ Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 384. Ophioglossum costatum R. Br. Marsileaceae Throughout BR C _ 385. Ophioglossum reticulatum Linn. (Syn. Ophioglossum peruvianum Presl., Ophioglossum cordifolium Roxb.) Osmunda sp. Ophioglossaceae Jaleshwar, Shambhudhara, Amarkantak Terrestrial humus soil Terrestrial humus soil C/R _ Osmundaceae - R _ Parkeriaceae Amarkantak C _ Polypodiaceae Bhrigukamandal EX _ Polypodiaceae Amarkantak Growing along stream R _ Polypodiaceae Kabirchabutra Lithophyte and epiphyte C/R _ 391. Ceratopteris thalictroides (Linn.) Brogn. (Syn. C. siliquosa Copeland; Acrostichum thalictroides L.) Marginaria macrocarpa (Bory.ex Wild) Nayar et Kaur (Syn. Pleopeltis lanceolata Linn.) Microsorium membranaceum (D.Don.) Ching. (Syn. Polypodium membranaceum D. Don., Pleopeltis membranacea Moore) Paraleptochilus decurrens (Bl.) Copel var. lanceolata (Fee) Dixit, (Syn. Leptochilus lanceolatus Fee; Gymnopteris variabilis Hook. var. lanceolata (Hook.) Bedd.) Psilotum nudum (L.) P. Beauv. Stream banks in shady ravines Moist deciduous forest among rocks Moist and shady rocks Psilotaceae Throughout BR C _ 392. Pteris quadriaurita Retz. Psilotaceae Dudhdhara, Kabirchabutra, Amarkantak C _ 393. Pteris vittata Linn. (Syn. Pteris longifolia Linn.) Psilotaceae Foothill of Amarkantak C _ 394. Lygodium flexuosum (Linn.) Sw. (Syn. Ophioglossum flexuosum Linn., Ophioglossum scandens Linn., Lygodium scandens (Linn.) Sw.) Lygodiaceae Amadob Terrestrial at the base of trees among exposed rocks, humus soil Moist deciduous forest, rocky terrain Moist deciduous forest, rockey terrain Tropical moist and mixed forest Rare _ 386. 387. 388. 389. 390. 39 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 395. Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spring (Syn. Selaginella proniflora Baker) Selaginellaceae Kapildhara, Mai ki bagia, Amarkantak C _ 396. Selaginella indica (Milde) Trayon (Syn. Selaginella longipila Hieron, Selaginella rupestris Spring) Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Baker (Syn. Lycopodium bryopteris L.) Selaginellaceae Shambhudhara R _ Selaginellaceae - Moist and shady mountain side Moist and shady mountain side Moist and shady mountain side Moist and shady mountain side Shady stream banks C _ C _ C _ 397. 398. Selaginella repanda (Desv. ex Poir.) Spring Selaginellaceae Amarkantak 399. Pronephrium nudatum (Roxb. ex Griffith) Holttum (Syn. Abcopteris multilineata (Wall ex HK.) Ching, Polypodium nudatum Roxb., Cyclosorus nudatum (Roxb.) Nayar et Kaur) Christella parasitica (Linn.) Tardieu (Syn. Cyclosorus parasitica (Linn.) Polypodium parasiticum L., Dryopteris parasitica L., Nephrodium procurrens (Mett.)) Thelypteridaceae Sonemuda, Dugdhadhara, Kabirchabutra Thelypteridaceae Dudhdhara, Kapildhara Along C _ 400. 4. GYMNOSPERMS Araucariaceae Pinaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak _ _ Planted Planted T T 403. 404. Araucaria bidwillii Hook. Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G.Don Juniperus sp. Pinus caribaea Morelet Pinaceae Pinaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak Planted Planted But no fruiting T T 405. Pinus elliotti Engelm. Pinaceae Amarkantak _ Temperate subalpine region, cultivated in high hills Temperate subalpine region, cultivated in high hills Planted T 406. Pinus gregaii Engelm. Pinaceae Amarkantak Temperate subalpine region, cultivated in high hills Planted T 401. 402. 40 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 407. Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gord. Pinaceae Amarkantak Planted T 408. Pinus montezumae Shaw Pinaceae Amarkantak Planted T 409. Pinus oocarpa Schiede Pinaceae Amarkantak Planted T 410. Pinus patula Schlecht. & Cham. Pinaceae Amarkantak Planted T 411. Pinus ponderosa Laws. Pinaceae Amarkantak Planted T 412. Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. Pinaceae Amarkantak Planted T 413. Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Pinaceae Amarkantak, Lamni Planted T 414. Pinus serotina Michx. Pinaceae Amarkantak Planted T 415. 416. Taxodium sp. Thuja orientalis L. Taxodiaceae Cupressaceae Amarkantak, Amarkantak Temperate subalpine region, cultivated in high hills Temperate subalpine region, cultivated in high hills Temperate subalpine region, cultivated in high hills Temperate subalpine region, cultivated in high hills Temperate subalpine region, cultivated in high hills Temperate subalpine region, cultivated in high hills Temperate subalpine region, cultivated in high hills Temperate subalpine region, cultivated in high hills _ _ Planted Planted T Orname ntal Acanthaceae Amarkantak C M, Ms, O Acanthaceae Achanakmar, Lamni Amarkantak, Khondra VU M C M 5. ANGIOSPERMS 417. 418. 419. Adhatoda zeylanica Medic. (syn. A. vasica Nees) Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees Barleria cristata L. Acanthaceae 41 Fields and wasteland Wasteland Roadside and forest clearings Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 420. Barleria gibsoni Dalzell Acanthaceae M Barleria prionitis L. Barleria strigosa Willd. Acanthaceae Acanthaceae C C/R M - 423. Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex Roth Acanthaceae Katghora, Keonchi C - 424. 425. Blepharis repens (Vahl) Roth Carvia callosa (Nees) Bremek. (syn. Strobilanthes callosa Nees) Dicliptera verticiliata (Forssk.) C. Christensen Dipteracanthus beddomei (C.B.Cl.) Sant. Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Kota Amarkantak R C F Acanthaceae Khuria Along stream Mixed forest Sal and mixed forest Mixed forest and in wasteland Wasteland Mixed deciduous forest Wasteland C 421. 422. Keonchi, Khuria Khondra Amarkantak C - Acanthaceae Amarkantak, Keonchi R Ms 428. Dipteracanthus prostratus (Poir.) Nees Acanthaceae Lamni, Pali 429. Dipteracanthus suffruticosus (Roxb.) Voigt Dyschoriste nagchana (Nees) Bennet ( syn Dyschoriste erecta (Burm.f.) O.Ktze.) Eranthemum purpurascens Wight ex Nees Acanthaceae Pasan, Pasarkhet Acanthaceae Acanthaceae 426. 427. 430. 431. Sal forest and hill slopes Wasteland and sandy river beds Mixed forest C M C - Amarkantak, Khuria Wasteland R F, M Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Khondra, Kabirchabutra, Lamni Lainga Mixed forest C M As hedges in gardens Moist places Cultivated R M - Near ponds and ditches R - _ R - _ Moist places along drains _ C C - C - Wasteland and shady places C - Gendarussa vulgaris Nees Hemigraphis latebrosa (Heine ex Roth) Nees Acanthaceae 434. Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Heine (syn. Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees ) Acanthaceae 435. Hygrophila balsamica (L.f.) Raf. Hygrophila incana Nees Hygrophila polysperma T. And. Hygrophila schulli (Schum & Heiner.) M.R. & S.M. Almeida Indoneesiella echioides (L.) Sreem. Acanthaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Katghora Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Katghora, Keonchi, Lamni Amarkantak Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak Acanthaceae Achanakmar, Katghora, Keonchi, Lamni Katghora, Madai 432. 433. 436. 437. 438. 439. Acanthaceae Acanthaceae 42 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 440. Justicia betonica L. Acanthaceae M Justicia diffusa Willd. Acanthaceae C F 442. Acanthaceae Amarkantak C - 443. Justicia quinqueangularis Koen. ex Roxb. Justicia simplex D. Don Mixed forest and wasteland Mixed forest and wasteland Grassy field C 441. Amarkantak, Keonchi, Khuria Amarkantak Acanthaceae Fields and wasteland C - 444. Lepidagathis cristata Willd. Acanthaceae Amarkantak, Khudia, Lamni, Sarasdol Katghora C - 445. Lepidagathis hamiltoniana Wall ex Nees Acanthaceae Achanakmar C M 446. Lepidagathis incurva Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Acanthaceae Amarkantak, Lamni C M 447. Lepidagathis purpuricaulis Nees Lepidagathis trinervis Wall ex Nees Acanthaceae Kabirchabutra Mixed forest and wasteland Mixed forest and wasteland Mixed forest and forest clearing Moist places R M Acanthaceae Katghora C M Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Katghora, Khondra Amarkantak, Palmi Scrub forest and rock crevices Wasteland and river beds C/R F, Ms Mixed forest and moist, black, humus soil C O, M 448. 449. Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng. Acanthaceae 450. Acanthaceae 453. Perilepta auriculata (Nees) Bremek. (syn. Perilepta edgeworthiana (Nees) Bremek. ; Strobilanthes edgeworthiana Nees) Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk.) Brummit Petalidium barlerioides (Roth) Nees Ruellia tuberosa L. 454. 455. 451. 452. Acanthaceae Palmi Wasteland C - Acanthaceae Mixed teak forest Wasteland and some times planted in garden R - Acanthaceae Amarkantak, Khondra - R M Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Amarkantak C M Rungia repens (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Kabirchabutra, Katghora, Keonchi, Korbi Wasteland and mixed forest Along the roadside ditches C M 43 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 456. Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. Acanthaceae Mixed and sal forest R Ms 457. Achyranthus aspera L. Amaranthaceae Wasteland C F, M, Ms 458. 459. Achyranthus bidentata Bl. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Amarkantak, Chada, Kabirchabutra, Khudia Lamni, Sarasdol Amarkantak Belghana, Kalidongri C C M 460. 461. Aerva monsonia (L.f.) Mart. Aerva sanguinolenta (L.) Bl. Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Lamni C C M M 462. Allmania nodiflora (L.) R.Br. ex Wt. Amaranthaceae Pasan, Pasarkhet C - 463. Alternanthera pungens Kunth Amaranthaceae Amarkantak R - 464. Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC. Amaranthaceae Amarkantak C F, M 465. Amaranthus caudatus L. Amaranthaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra C - 466. Amaranthaceae Amarkantak C F 467. Amaranthus hybridus L. ssp. incurvatus (Gren. & Godr.) Brenan var. paniculatus (L.) Mansf. Amaranthus spinosus L. Hill tops Wasteland and along river banks and roadside _ Forest floor, hill slopes, amids boulder and along road Forest floor, hill slopes, in wasteland, rock boulders and roadsides Moist wasteland and hill slopes Aquatic and semi aquatic situations Cultivated and also as an escape in wastelands Cultivated fields and wasteland Amaranthaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra C - 468. Amaranthus tricolor L. Amaranthaceae Amarkantak, Belghana, Lamni, Pasan, Pasarkhet Wasteland and disturbed areas along roadsides Cultivated fields and wasteland R F 44 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 469. Amaranthus viridis L. (syn. Amaranthus gracilis Desf.) Amaranthaceae Pasarkhet C F, M 470. Celosia argentea L. Amaranthaceae C F, M 471. Gomphrena celosioides Mart. Amaranthaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Khootaghat Amarkantak, Khuria, Marwahi Cultivated fields and wasteland Cultivated fields R F, M 472. Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae - Cultivated F, D, O, T 473. Buchanania lanzan Spreng. Anacardiaceae C, NT F, M, Ms, O, T 474. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. (syn. Lannea grandis (Dennst.) Engl.) Anacardiaceae Dry deciduous forest C D, T 475. Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Amarkantak, Katghora, Khudia, Lamni, Pasan, Sarasdol Amarkantak, Katghora, Khuria, Lamni, Sarasdol Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Khondra, Lamni Wasteland , along roadsides and Cultivated fields Cultivated for its edible cotyledons Dry deciduous forest C M, F 476. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae C F, Fb, M, T 477. Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz Anacardiaceae R F, M, T 478. Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Amarkantak, Marwahi Planted F,O 479. Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) J. Sinclair. (syn. Saccopetalum tomentosum (Roxb.) Hook.f. & Thoms.) Miliusa velutinum (Dunal) Hook.f. & Thoms. Polyalthia longifolia (Sonner.) Thw. Annonaceae Khudia, Lamni, Sarasdol Planted throughout the state for its edible fruits Dry deciduous and sal forest Vicinity of villages, wild along the stream Gardens for its edible fruits as wall as an escape along forest margins Deciduous forest C Ms, F Annonaceae Pali _ C M, F, Ms Annonaceae - Planted avenue tree C T 480. 481. 45 Achanakmar, Katghora, Lamni, Marwahi, Pasankhet Khondra, Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. 482. 483. 484. 485. 486. 487. 488. 489. 490. 491. 492. 493. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Bupleurum ramosissimum W. & A. var. wightii (P. K. Mukh.) Bennet (syn. Bupleurum wightii Mukh.; Bupleurum mucronatum W. & A.) Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Apiaceae Amarkantak _ R M Apiaceae _ C M Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. Oenanthe javanica (Bl.) DC. (syn. Oenanthe stolonifera DC.) Peucedanum dhana Buch-Ham. var. dalzellii C.B.Cl. Peucedanum nagpurense Prain Apiaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Lamni Amarkantak _ R M Apiaceae Amarkantak _ R F, O Apiaceae Amarkantak _ C M Apiaceae _ VU M Apiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak Amarkantak Amarkantak _ _ _ C C M M Apiaceae Amarkantak _ R F, M Apiaceae - _ C F, M Apocynaceae Kabirchabutra, Pasan, Semra Cultivated, F, M, Ms Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Lamni, Marwahi, Pasan Pasarkhet, Siang Edge of forest and cultivated areas Mixed and scrub forest C F, M, Ms Sandy wasteland and along road side As escape in villages Mixed desiduous forest C M Planted M C/R M, T Mixed forest C M, Ms Ornamental Planted M, O Pimpinella bracteata Haines Pimpinella diversifolia DC. Pimpinella heyneana (DC.) Benth. Pimpinella wallichiana (Hoeck.) Gandhi (syn. Pimpinella monoica Dalz.) Trachyspermum stictocarpum (C.B.Cl.) Wolff Carissa carandas L. 494. Carissa opaca Stapf ex Haines (syn. Carissa spinarum L.) Apocynaceae 495. Catharanthus pusilus (Murr.) G. Don Apocynaceae 496. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Apocynaceae Amarkantak 497. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.Ham.) Wallich. ex G. Don (syn. Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall.) Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) R.Br. Apocynaceae Amarkantak, Korbi, Khudia, Pasan, Khondra, Khuria, Sarasdol Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra 498. 499. Nerium indicum Mill. (syn. Nerium odorum Sol.) Apocynaceae Apocynaceae 46 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Plumeria rubra L. Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum. Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Amarkantak C CR M, T M Apocynaceae Amarkantak Ornamental Mixed and sal forest Ornamental Apocynaceae Amarkantak, Marwahi 504. 505. Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br. Aristolochiaceae Asclepiadaceae Khondra, Lamni 506. Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. Asclepiadaceae Amarkantak, Palmi 507. Ceropegia hirsuta Wight & Arn. Asclepiadaceae Amarkantak, 508. Cryptolepis buchnanii R.& S. Asclepiadaceae 509. Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult. Asclepiadaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Marwahi, Pasan Marwahi, Pasan 510. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) Schult. Asclepiadaceae 511. Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wight & Arn. Asclepiadaceae Amarkantak, Keonchi, Khudia, Lamni Pasan, Pendra 512. Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Choiv. Tylophora rotundifolia Buch. Ham. ex Wight Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.) Stapf Asclepiadaceae Khuria Asclepiadaceae - Asclepiadaceae Pasarkhet Asclepiadaceae - 500. 501. 502. 503. 513. 514. 515. 47 Cultivated garden and park Wasteland Wasteland and along bundh of cultivated field Wasteland and along bundh of cultivated field Climber on grasses and Flemingia sp. in sal forest Sal and mixed deciduous forest Sal and mixed deciduous forest Twiner on forest floor Sal forest, mostly on red morrum or sandy soil Sal and mixed forest Climber on roadside Sal and teak forest Climber on bushes along roads and in scrub forest Planted Planted M C C M Fb, O C/R Fb, M R M R Fb, M VU M, Ms C M C M C Fb C F, M C M C M Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 516. Acanthospermum hispidum DC. Asteraceae M, O Asteraceae C M Asteraceae C M, O 520. Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Asteraceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Chada,Kabirchab utra, Katghora, Khondra, Khudia, Sarasdol Amarkantak R 519. Adenostemma angustifolium Arn. (syn. A. viscosum Forst.) Adenostemma lavenia (L.) O. Ktze. Ageratum conyzoides L. C O 521. Amberboa ramosa (Roxb.) Jafri Anaphalis sp. Artemisia parviflora Buch.Ham. ex Roxb. Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sheriff (syn. Bidens pilosa L.) Asteraceae Aurapani Open lands and roadsides Moist shady places Moist shady forest Moist places along the irrigation channels and streams Moist wast places _ C 517. Amarkantak, Katghora, Pasan - C M Asteraceae Asteraceae Amarkantak _ _ R M M Asteraceae Amarkantak, Pendra C F, M 525. Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson Asteraceae Amarkantak, Katghora C M 526. Blumea bifoliata DC. Asteraceae Amarkantak, Parasi C O 527. Blumea eriantha DC. Asteraceae Achanakmar R O 528. Blumea fistulosa (Roxb.) Kurz Asteraceae C O 529. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae Chauradadar, Kabirchabutra, Pasan, Semra Amarkantak R M, O 530. Blumea laciniata (Roxb.) DC. Asteraceae Roadsides or in shaded embankment areas Roadsides and waste land Damp forest floor and along roadsides and dry areas Open fields and dry areas Along the forest roads, on hilly and rocky soils Roadstdes, open fields and edges, on moist shaded places _ C - 531. Blumea membranacea DC. var. jacquemontii (Hook.f.) Randeria Asteraceae C - 518. 522. 523. 524. Asteraceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Keonchi, Pendra Chauradadar, Kabirchabutra 48 Teak forest Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 532. Blumea mollis (D.Don) Merr. Asteraceae - Blumea oxydonta DC. Asteraceae C/R - 534. 535. Blumea virens DC. Blumea flava (DC.) Gagnep. Asteraceae Asteraceae Roadsides and hill slopes Waste places and dry streams beds _ _ C 533. C - 536. 537. Caesulia axillaris Roxb. Carthamus tinctorius L. Asteraceae Asteraceae Lamni, Keonchi, Pendra Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Katghora, Keonchi Amarkantak, Amarkantak, Lafa, Madai, Pasan Khondra O 538. Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. & Aschers. Asteraceae Moist places M, O 539. Centrantherum anthelminticum (Willd.) O. Ktze. Chrysanthellum americanum (L.) Vatke Asteraceae _ C M, O Asteraceae Amarkantak, Kudmura, Marwahi Amarkantak, Pasarkhet - C Cultivated C C - Asteraceae Asteraceae Amarkantak Amarkantak Planted R - Asteraceae Amarkantak Hill-side R - Asteraceae Asteraceae Amarkantak Kabirchabutra, Lamni Amarkantak Stream Sal forest R C - 546. Chrysanthemum indicum L. Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist (syn. Erigeron bonariensis L.) Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist Conyza japonica Less. Conyza leucantha (D. Don) Ludlow & Raven Conyza stricta Willd. Open grassy field and rockey slopes, on alluvial soil _ Open grassy fields R - 547. Conyza viscidula Wall Asteraceae Dry hill slopes _ R - 548. 549. Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Asteraceae Asteraceae C C O Ms 550. Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore Asteraceae R - 551. Launaea acaulis (Roxb.) Babc. ex Kerr (syn. Crepis acaulis Hook.f.) Asteraceae _ Mixed dry deciduous forest along river banks Bank of stream and rivers Moist sandy alluvium soils C - 540. 541. 542. 543. 544. 545. Asteraceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Lamni Amarkantak Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Khondra, Pasan Kabirchabutra, Pendra Amarkantak 49 Moist places _ Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 552. Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.Ham. ex D. Don) O. Ktze. Asteraceae - Asteraceae C/R - 554. Dicrocephala integrifolia (L.f) Kuntze Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Damp soil or along banks of stream Sandy alluvial soils Moist waste places C 553. C M 555. Elepthantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mixed dry deciduous forest C M 556. Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Asteraceae M Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Asteraceae C F 558. Glossocardia bosvallea (L.f.) DC. Asteraceae Madai C F 559. Gnaphalium affine D. Don (syn. G. luteo-album L. ssp. affine (D.Don) J. Kost.) Gnaphalium pennysylvani-cum Willd. (syn. G. purpureum L.) Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers. (syn.G. indicum auct. non L.) Hook. f. Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. Asteraceae Amarkantak, Lamni C - Asteraceae Amarkantak R M Asteraceae Amarkantak C F Asteraceae Khuria C - 563. Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. Asteraceae Amarkantak, Pasarkhet Cultivated F, M, O 564. Lagascea mollis Cav. Asteraceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Khondra, Lamni C - 565. Laggera alata (D.Don) SchultzBip. ex Oliv. Asteraceae Kabirchabutra C M, O 566. Laggera crispa (Vahl) Hepper &Wood (syn. Laggera pterodonta (DC.) Schultz.- Bip. ex Oliv.) Asteraceae Amarkantak River banks, on sandy soil Along stream Dry places or on open rocky soils Dry streams or waste places Moist waste places Waste places, along streams Dry river beds and around tank and ditches Cultivated for edible oil, but often found as escape Moist waste places and in cultivated fields Mixed deciduous forest and hill slopes Moist deciduous forest C 557. Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Lamni Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Katghora, Lamni Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Amadoh, Chada, Katghora, Khudia, Lamni Amarkantak, Katghora, Pali, Parasi, Pasan Amarkantak C M 560. 561. 562. Asteraceae 50 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Launaea asplenifolia (Willd.) Hook.f. Launaea nudicaulis Hook.f. Pentanema cernua (Dalz.) Ling Asteraceae - _ - - Asteraceae Asteraceae Amarkantak - R C F, Ms - 570. Pentanema indicum (L.) Ling (syn. Vicoa indica (L.) DC.) Asteraceae Amarkantak C F, M 571. Pulicaria crispa Sch.-Bip. Asteraceae Amarkantak C F, M 572. Pulicaria foliolosa DC. Asteraceae C - 573. Asteraceae C M 574. Senecio nudicaulis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Siegesbeckia orientalis L. Amarkantak, Khuria Amarkantak _ Shaded and slopy places Open grassland and moist shaded places Open waste places Moist waste places Roadsides Asteraceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Lamni C/R M, O 575. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. Asteraceae C F, M 576. Sonchus brachyotus DC. Asteraceae M, O Sonchus oleraceus L. Sonchus wightianus DC. Asteraceae Asteraceae R C M, O - 579. 580. Sphaeranthus indicus L. Spilanthes paniculata Wall ex DC. Asteraceae Asteraceae Katghora Amarkantak, Khondra, Khuria C C/R M, O M, Ms 581. 582. Tegetes erecta L. Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae Asteraceae C C M 583. Vernonia aspera Buch.-Ham. (syn. Vernonia roxburghii Less.; Vernonia pyramidale (D.Don) Mitra) Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Asteraceae R - Swampy soil in mixed forest C M 585. Vernonia divergens (Roxb.) Edgew. Asteraceae - Vernonia squarrosa (D.Don) Less. Asteraceae Shaded places and stream bank Sal forest C 586. Amarkantak, Pasan Achanakmar, Katghora, Kenda, Madai Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Marwahi, Pasarkhet Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Keonchi - Roadsides and moist waste places Moist places Sandy alluvial soil, along rivers _ Mixed forests and open wast places _ Waste moist places Roadsides C 577. 578. Achanakmar Amarkantak Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Amarkantak Achanakmar, Kabirchabutra Forest undergrowt h and along streams Roadsides - - 567. 568. 569. 584. Asteraceae 51 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Asteraceae Amarkantak - Asteraceae Amarkantak C F, M, Ms, O 589. Youngia japonica (L.) DC. Asteraceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra C Ms, O 590. 591. Zinnia elegans Jacq. Impatiens balsamina L. Asteraceae Balsaminaceae Amarkantak C C Ms, O F, O, M 592. Begonia picta Sm. Begoniaceae Amarkantak, Madai C Ms 593. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Radermachera xylocarpa (Roxb.) K.Schum. Bignoniaceae Amarkantak Waste places Waste lands, showing gregarious growth in low lying areas Roadsides and wastelands _ Ornamental plants Admist rock boulders in moist shaded places in the forest, also planted in garden Mixed forest R 588. Wedelia urticaefolia DC. var. wightii DC. Xanthium indicum Koen. ex Roxb. (syn. Xanthium strumarium L.) VU F, M Bignoniaceae Amarkantak C/R M, T 595. Stereospermum chelonoides (L.f.) DC. (syn.Stereospermum suaveolens DC.) Bignoniaceae C / R, NT M, T 596. Bignoniaceae Mixed forests or hill slopes C M, T 597. 598. Stereospermum colais (Dillwyn) Mabberley (syn. Stereospermum personatum (Hassk.) Chaterjee) Bixa orellana L. Bombax ceiba L. Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Katghora, Khondra, Lamni Khudia, Lamni, Sarasdol Rocky hill slopes and in mixed forest Forest roadsides _ _ C R D Ms 599. Coldenia procumbens L. Boraginaceae Moist places C M 600. Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. Boraginaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak, Lamni, Sarasdol Katghora, Khuria, Marwahi Amarkantak R F, M, T 601. Cordia macleodii (Griff.) Hook.f. & T. Thoms. Boraginaceae Katghora Along roadside, near village and forest edges Dry mixed deciduous forest R M, T 587. 594. Bixaceae Bombacaceae 52 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 602. Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forsk. Boraginaceae Mixed and sal forest C M 603. 604. Ehretia laevis Roxb. Heliotropium indicum L. Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Lamni Khuria Khuria R C M M 605. Heliotropium ovalifolium Forssk. Boraginaceae Khuria, Marwahi, Parasi C M 606. Heliotropium strigosum Willd. Boraginaceae Marwahi C M 607. Rotula aquatica Lour. Boraginaceae C M 608. Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br. ex Lehm. Boraginaceae C F, M 609. Trichodesma zeylanicum (Burm.f.) R.Br. Boraginaceae Katra, Kota, Khootghat Amarkantak, Katghora, Lamni Tehrapani C M, O 610. Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss. Brassicaceae Amarkantak C M, F 611. 612. Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Amarkantak Achanakmar, Katghora C Cultivated F O,M Brassicaceae C O,M Brassicaceae Amarkantak, Katghora Kabirchabutra _ 614. Brassica napus L. Brassica rapa L. ssp. campestris (L.) Clapham var. campestris (syn. Brassica campestris L.) Brassica rapa L. ssp. campestris (L.) Clapham var. sarson Prain Lepidium sativum L. Mixed forest Moist wasteland Moist places, river beds and along ponds Sandy river beds Rocky river beds and strems Wasteland and roadsides Wasteland and roadsides Cultivated and as escapes Cultivated _ R F,M,O 615. Raphanus sativus L. Brassicaceae Amarkantak Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern Buddleja asiatica Lour. Brassicaceae Buddlejaceae 618. Burseraceae VU F, O, T 619. 620. Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Collebr. Bursera serrata Wall. ex Colebr. Garuga pinnata Roxb. Ratanpur Achanakmar, Amarkantak Amarkantak Cultivated C C F,M 616. 617. Cultivated fields and road sides Cultivated as vegetable Stream and rocky slopes _ Burseraceae Burseraceae C/R C/R O M, T 621. Opuntia elatior Mill. Cactaceae 613. Amarkantak Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Keonchi, Lamni, Sarasdol Amarkantak 53 _ _ Waste places, C along road sides and as hedges around cultivated fields F, M, Ms F F, Fb, M Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Cactaceae Amarkantak - Caesalpiniaceae C F, M 624. Bauhinia purpurea L. Caesalpiniaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Khondra, Khudia, Lamni, Sarasdol Kota Waste places, and as hedges Mixed forests R 623. Opuntia vulgaris Mill. (syn. Opuntia monacantha (Willd.) Haw.) Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. C M,M, O 625. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Caesalpiniaceae Achanakmar C Fb, M 626. Caesalpiniaceae Ms, T Sal and mixed forest C F, Ms 628. Bauhinia variegata L. Caesalpiniaceae Mixed forest C M,Ms O 629. Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Caesalpiniaceae Amarkantak Kabirchabutra, Khondra Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Amadob, Lamni, Kabirchabutra, Keonchi Amarkantak, Khondra, Pendra, Panisemra Throughout the BR C 627. Bauhinia semla Wunderlin (syn. Bauhinia retusa Buch.Ham. ex Roxb.) Bauhinia vahlii W. & A. Roadsides and in mixed forests, also planted Sal and mixed forest, and roadsides Mixed forest C M,Ms, T 630. Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston Cassia absus L. Cassia alata L. Caesalpiniaceae Forest edges and roadsides _ C - C R M, O M 633. 634. Cassia auriculata L. Cassia fistula L. Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpiniaceae Wasteland Garden and parks as an ornamental _ Sal and mixed forest C M M, T 635. Cassia mimosoides L. Caesalpiniaceae R - 636. 637. Cassia obtusifolia L. Cassia occidentalis L. Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpiniaceae Stream and roadside ditches Wastelands Wastelands C C M M 638. Cassia pumila Lam. Caesalpiniaceae Wastelands C M 622. 631. 632. Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpiniaceae 54 Kabirchabutra, Marwahi Khondra Katghora Achanakmar, Khuria, Lamni Amarkantak Ratanpur Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Kota Amarkantak, Madai Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 639. Cassia tora L. Caesalpiniaceae Wastelands C F, M 640. Tamarindus indica L. Caesalpiniaceae Usually planted C D, F, M, T 641. Campanula benthamii Wall ex Kitamura (syn. Campanula wallichii Babu) Campanulaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Pasan Mewahi, Achanakmar, Lamni Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra C - 642. 643. Cephalostigma hookeri C.B.Cl. Lobelia alsinoides Lam. Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Amarkantak Achanakmar, Keonchi, Pasan R C M 644. Lobelia heyneana R.& S. Campanulaceae Amarkantak R - 645. Wahlenbergia erecta (Roth ex Roem. & Schult.) Tuyn (syn. Cephalostigma erectum (Roth ex R. Br.) Vatke) Wahlenbergia marginata (Thunb.) DC. Campanulaceae Amarkantak, Korbi R M Campanulaceae Amarkantak, Pondu, Ratanpur R - 647. Capparis zeylanica L. (syn. C. horrida L.f.) Capparaceae Pali C F, M 648. Capparaceae Amarkantak - - 649. Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew. Cleome chelidonii L.f. Moist forest floors, hill slopes, and along streams _ Moist forest floor, open fields, and dry river beds Moist places, embankmen ts of paddy fields and streams Moist forest floor, hill slopes and along streams Moist forest floor, along the banks of rivers and streams Roads and dry deciduous forest Drier areas Capparaceae Khuria C M 650. Cleome monophylla L. Capparaceae Katghora, Pasan, Pendra C M 651. Cleome viscosa L. Capparaceae C M 652. Carica papaya L. Caricaceae Achanakmar, Lamni Amarkantak Planted F, M, O 646. 55 Cultivated fields Roadsides and in cultivated fields Wasteland Cultivated, almost throughout M.P. Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 653. Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Caryophyllaceae Lamni C Ms 654. Caryophyllaceae Pasan C M Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Katghora, Pasan Katghora Celastraceae Amarkantak 658. Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. Polycarpon prostratum (Forsk.) Aschers. & Schweinf. Polycarpaea aurea (Wight) Wight & Arn. Cassine glauca (Rottb.) O. Kuntze (syn. Elaeodendron glaucum Pers.) Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Moist places along streams Sandy soil Celastraceae 659. Chenopodium album L. Chenopodiaceae Amarkantak, Katghora, Keonchi, Khondra, Marwahi Amarkantak, Khondra 660. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.)Wall ex Guill. & Pers. Combretaceae 661. Combretum nanum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don. Combretaceae 662. Combretum roxburghii Spreng. Combretaceae Katghora, Kota, Lormi 663. Quisqualis indica L. Combretaceae Amarkantak 664. Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roth (syn. Terminalia tomentosa (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn.) Combretaceae 665. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. Combretaceae Amarkantak, Khudia, Lamni, Parasi, Sarasdol Amarkantak 655. 656. 657. 56 Amarkantak, Khudia, Lamni, Pasan, Sarasdol Amarkantak Moist sandy soil Rock crevices _ C M C M R Fb, T _ VU M Cultivated fields, along river banks and in wastelands Dry deciduous forest Cultivated F, M C/R Ms, Grasses in outskirts of sal forest Mixed deciduous forests especially along the streams, climbing on trees Gardens and houses for its attractive flowers Dry and moist deciduous forest R - C Ms Planted M,Ms, O C D, M, T Along banks of stream and rivers, and in mixed forests NT D, M Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae Amarkantak C M, T Combretaceae VU M, O Convolvulaceae F, Fb, R M 670. Erycibe paniculata Roxb. Convolvulaceae Katghora, Kota C F, M 671. Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Convolvulaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Lamni C M 672. Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. Convolvulaceae C M 673. 674. Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Khondra, Khuria, Marwahi Amarkantak, Amarkantak, Champa C Planted F, M F, M 675. Ipomoea carnea Jacq. ssp. fistulosa (Mart. & Choisy) Austin Convolvulaceae Belghana, Katghora, Khootaghat C M 676. Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br. Convolvulaceae Amarkantak, Katghora C/ R F, M 677. Ipomoea hederifolia L. Convolvulaceae C/R M 678. Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth Convolvulaceae C M, O 679. Ipomoea obscura (L.) KerGawl. Ipomoea pestigridis L. Convolvulaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Katghora, Lamni Throughout the BR Khuria, Lormi Mixed and sal forest Common on a variety of host Dry mixed deciduous forest s, along rivers and streams Wastelands and dry mixed deciduous forest Wastelands and mixed forest Ponds Wasteland and ornamental Roadside and along cultivated field Wasteland and paddy fields Common on bushes along forest road Mixed forest C/R 669. Argyreia strigosa (Roth) Sant. & Patel Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Katghora, Khudia, Lamni, Marwahi, Sarasdol Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Amarkantak Mixed and sal forest Dry deciduous and sal forests C M C M, Ms 666. 667. 668. 680. Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae 57 Achanakmar, Khondra Wasteland and hedges Wasteland and along cultivated field Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 681. Ipomoea quamoclit L. Convolvulaceae Amarkantak Planted - 682. Ipomoea sinensis (Desr.) Choisy Convolvulaceae Pasarkhet R - 683. 684. Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urban Merremia emarginata (Burm.f.) Hall.f. Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Pasan Khuria C C F M 685. Merremia hederacea (Burm.f.) Hall.f. Merremia tridentata (L.) H.Hailler ssp.hastata (Choisy) van Oostr. Operculina turpethum (L.) Manso Porana paniculata Roxb. Convolvulaceae Khondra C M Convolvulaceae Khootghat C/R M Convolvulaceae Pali R, NT M Convolvulaceae Amarkantak Convolvulaceae Cornaceae Amarkantak Katghora, Belghat Amarkantak, Lamni Planted R C Ms Porana racemosa Roxb. Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang ssp. salvifolium Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (syn.Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb.) Cultivated in garden as ornamental Hedges and bushes Hedges Wasteland , along edges of fields and on sandy slopes Moist shady wasteland Open places and near streams Bushes and hedges Bushes and ornamental _ _ Ms M C M C Cultivated Cultivated C C F, M, O M, Ms 686. 687. 688. 689. 690. 691. Crassulaceae Planted and found as escape on border of forest _ _ 692. 693. Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Cucumis melo L. Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Neur Amarkantak 694. Cucumis sativus L. Cucurbitaceae Amarkantak 695. 696. Cucumis setosus Cogn. Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) Jaffery Luffa cylindrica (L.) M.J.Roem. Melothria heterophylla (Lour.) Cogn. Melothria maderaspatana (L.) Cogn. Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.) Voigt Trichosanthes cordata Roxb. Trichosanthes cucumerina L. Dillenia aurea Sm. Shorea robusta Gaertn.f. Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Kota Amarkantak Cultivated for its fruits _ _ Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Pendra Amarkantak _ _ C C/R F, M, Ms F, M Cucurbitaceae M C F/M Cucurbitaceae Amarkantak Throughout M.P. Throughout M.P. _ C/R Cucurbitaceae Amarkantak, Keonchi - C M Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Dilleniaceae Dipterocarpaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak R C R C M F/M Ms,M T 697. 698. 699. 700. 701. 702. 703. 704. 705. 58 Amarkantak, Amadob, Chada, _ _ Sal forest Well drained soil on lower hill slopes - Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Keonchi, , Khudia, Lamni, Sarasdol Amarkantak, Katghora, Keonchi Amarkantak, Lamni Pasan - 706. Drosera burmanii Vahl. Droseraceae 707. Drosera indica L. Droseraceae 708. 709. Ebenaceae Ebenaceae 710. Diospyros lancifolia Roxb. Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 711. Diospyros sylvatica Roxb. Ebenaceae Amarkantak, Amadoh, Katghora, Keonchi, Khudia,Lamni, Pasan,Semra, Kabirchabutra 712. Bergia ammannioides Roxb. Acalypha ciliata Forsk. Elatinaceae Khondra Euphorbiaceae 714. Antidesma acidum Retz. (syn. A. diandrum (Roxb.) Heyne.ex Roth; Antidesma ghaesembilla auct. non Gaertn.) Euphorbiaceae 715. Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell.-Arg. Euphorbiaceae Khuria, Karidongri Achankamar, Keonchi, Khondra, Korbi,Lamni, Marwahi, Pasarkhet, Pasan Achanakmar, Amarkantak 716. Bridelia retusa Spreng. (syn. B. airy-shawii P.T.Li) Euphorbiaceae 717. Chrozophora prostrata Dalz. var. prostrata Euphorbiaceae 718. Chrozophora rottleri (Geisler) A.Juss. ex Spreng. Euphorbiaceae 713. Ebenaceae 59 Amarkantak, Katghora, Pasarkhet, Sarasdol Khami, Pandaria Karidongri Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance _ R Ms _ R Ms Mixed forest Mixed forest R - F, M - Dry deciduous forest and on roadside C F, M Semi evergreen forest, frequently in damp places _ C F, Ms C - Shady wasteland Dry mixed forest deciduous forest C M C M Shady places and along the bank of drains in mixed forest Mixed forest and along roadsides NT M C/R M, Ms, T Dried ditches and puddles along roadsides Wasteland, dried ditches, C - C - Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution 719. Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth.ex Hook. f. Euphorbiaceae 720. Croton roxburghii Balak. Euphorbiaceae Achanakmar, Khondra, Khuria,Pendra, Sarasdol Kudmura,Pasan 721. Euphorbia chamaesyce L. (syn. E. prostrata Ait.) Euphorbiaceae Amarkantak 722. Euphorbia drancunculoides Lam. Euphorbiaceae Pendra 723. Euphorbia heterophylla L. (syn. Euphorbia geniculata Orteg.) Euphorbiaceae Amarkantak Pasarkhet 724. Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Amarkantak, Marwahi 725. Euphorbia hypericifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Kabirchabutra, Khondra, Khuria, Lamni, Pandaria 726. Euphorbia neriifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Amarkantak, Palmi 727. Euphorbia perbracteata Gage Euphorbiaceae Khami, Khuria 728. Euphorbia thymifolia L. Euphorbiaceae 729. Glochidion multiloculare Muell.-Arg. Euphorbiaceae Achanakmar, Khuria, Marwahi, Parasi Pasarkhet, Siang 60 Habit/ habitat roadsides, river beds and along the railway track Dry mixed deciduous forest Mixed forest and on hill slopes Hill slopes and in rock crevices As cultivated fields and low hilly tracks Cultivated fields, wasteland and along the irrigation channel Roadsides and waste moist places Sal forest, on open rockey slopes and in wastelands Dry or rocks region, wasteland and villages and cultivated fields Dry lands, frequently in fallow fields Moist places and along the road and ridges Mixed forest Status Econo mic Import ance C M, T C Ms C - C M C - C M C/R M C/R M R - C M C Ms Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 730. Glochidion velutinum Wight Euphorbiaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra C Ms 731. Glochidion zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. Juss. Euphorbiaceae Katghora C/R M 732. Homonoia riparia Lour. Euphorbiaceae Lamni C F,M, Ms 733. Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiaceae R M, O 734. Jatropha gossypifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Amarkantak, Marwahi, Pasan Khuria C - 735. Mallotus philippinensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg. Euphorbiaceae Amarkantak, Khudia, Lafa, Lamni, Sarasdol C/R F, M, T 736. Phyllanthus airy-shawii Brunel ex Roux (syn. Phyllanthus debilis Klein ex Willd.) Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. (syn. Phyllanthus fraternus Webster) Euphorbiaceae Amarkantak, Madai, Pasan Sal forest and on the forest edge Hill slopes along the bank of drains and mixed forests Bank of drains and on river beds Cultivated field and wasteland Roadsides and cultivated fields Mixed forest along roadsides and river banks Sal and mixed forest C/R M Euphorbiaceae Amarkantak, Khuria, Karidongri C M Amarkantak, Madai, Pasan, Sarasdol Amarkantak, Khondra Garden, fields and open sandy places near villages. Mixed forest VU M Hedges, wasteland and deforested areas Shaded wasteland, gardens and fields Wasteland, forest clearings, forest edges and grassy fields C M C/R M C M 737. 738. Phyllanthus emblica L. (syn. Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) Euphorbiaceae 739. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir (syn. Kirganelia reticulata (Poir.) Baill.) Euphorbiaceae 740. Phyllanthus urinaria L. Euphorbiaceae Amarkantak, Khondra 741. Phyllanthus virgatus G. Forster Euphorbiaceae Achanakmar, Khootghat, Katghora, Marwahi 61 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 742. Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Amarkantak Wasteland M, O 743. Sebastania chamaelea (L.) Muell.-Arg. Euphorbiaceae Katghora, Pasarkhet 744. Securinega virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Baill. Euphorbiaceae Lamni C F, M, Ms 745. Tragia involucrata L. Euphorbiaceae Khootghat C/R M 746. Abrus precatorius L. Fabaceae Amarkantak, Chada, Sarasdol R, NT M, Ms 747. Aeschynomene indica L. Fabaceae Amarkantak C Ms, O 748. Fabaceae - Fabaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak Madai C 749. Alysicarpus bupleurifolius (L.) DC. Alysicarpus hamosus Edgew. C - 750. Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. Fabaceae Katghora, Khuria C - 751. Alysicarpus scariosus Grah. ex Thwaites Fabaceae Throughout R Ms 752. Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. Fabaceae C Ms 753. Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benth. ex Baker Fabaceae C Ms 754. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Fabaceae Khondra , Katghora, Lamni Katghora, Khondra, Kudmura Amarkantak, Katghora, Lormi C Fb,Ms, T 755. Butea parviflora Roxb. Fabaceae Amarkantak C M, O 756. Butea superba Roxb. Fabaceae - C - 757. Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth. Fabaceae Clitoria ternatea L. Fabaceae Cultivated C F, Ms 758. Amarkantak, Pasan Amarkantak Moist and mixed forests Forest clesrings, edges of forest and along roadsides Rocky river beds Road sides trees and shrubs Cultivated fields and along ditches Rockcrevices Road sides, hill-slopes and wastelands Wasteland, on dried alluvial loam Dried loam, under shade and fallow fields Hills slopes and wasteland Wasteland and mixed forest Sal and mixed forests and wastelands Mixed and sal forests Mixed forests Cultivated as a kharif crop Roadside bushes Planted C 62 - D, M, Ms, O Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. 759. 760. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Crotalaria alata Buch.- Ham. ex D. Don Crotalaria albida Heyne ex Roth Fabaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak Amarkantak, Khondra, Pendra, Amarkantak, Lamni Amarkantak _ C Ms Mixed forest and wastelands Sandy soil, along stream Wastelands C M C - R - C - R - C - Forest floor and cultivated fields C - _ _ Forest openings and along stream _ R C C D, Fb Fb - - Forest edges On roadsides Mixed forest R - C Ms, T C T Roadside and mixed forests Mixed forest _ Stream and cultivated fields Sal and teak forest Sal forest C Ms, T C R C M, Ms Ms C M C M Fabaceae 761. Crotalaria calycina Schrank Fabaceae 762. Fabaceae 763. Crotalaria humifusa Grah. ex Benth. Crotalaria medicaginea Lam. Fabaceae Amarkantak, Pasan 764. Crotalaria mysorensis Roth Fabaceae Keonchi 765. Crotalaria nana Burm.f. (syn. Crotalaria umbellata (Wight) W. & A.) Crotalaria prostate Rottb. ex Willd. Fabaceae Amarkantak Fabaceae 767. 768. 769. Crotalaria sericea Retz. Crotalaria sessiliflora L. Crotalaria spectabilis Roth. Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Amarkantak, Katghora, Khondra, Lamni Pasarkhet, Amarkantak Amarkantak Kabirchabutra, Katghora 770. Fabaceae Amarkantak Fabaceae 772. Paracalyx scariosus (Roxb.) Ali (syn. Cylista scariosa Ait.) Dalbergia lanceolaria L.f. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Fabaceae Amarkantak, Katghora Achanakmar 773. Dalbergia paniculata Roxb. Fabaceae 774. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. Fabaceae 775. 776. 777. Dalbergia volubilis Roxb. Desmodium benthamii Balakr. Desmodium dichotomum (Willd.) DC. Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Khondra Pasarkhet Khondra 778. Desmodium gangeticum (L.)DC. Fabaceae 779. Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC. Fabaceae Amarkantak, Khondra Amarkantak, Khondra, Lamni 766. 771. Amarkantak, Khondra, Khuria, Lamni Throughout the BR 63 Wasteland, on sandy to clayey soil Along stream Shade and mixed forest Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. 780. 781. 782. 783. 784. 785. 786. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Desmodium motorium (Houtt.) Merr. (syn. D. gyrans (L.f.) DC.) Desmodium pulchellum (L.) Benth. Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Fabaceae Amarkantak, Lafa C Ms Fabaceae Madai Mixed forest, among rocks Sal forests C Ms Fabaceae Along stream C M, Ms Fabaceae Amarkantak, Khudia, Madai, Sarasdol Khondra Forest edges C Ms Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Khondra Kabirchabutra Pasarkhet _ _ Moist shady places and rockcrevices Mixed forests, also planted as an ornamental Hill slopes, in sal forests Sal and mixed forests among rock boulders and lateritic soil Sal forest C C R M, Ms - R - C - C Ms C F, Ms C M, Ms C - C M C M C M Desmodium velutinum (Willd.) DC. Dolichos uniflorus Lam. Dumasia villosa DC. Eleiotis monophylla (Burm.f.) DC. 787. Erythrina suberosa Roxb. Fabaceae Belghana 788. Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Kuntze ex Merr. Flemingia nana Roxb. Fabaceae Lamni Fabaceae Amarkantak, Lamni, Sarasdol Amarkantak, Khudia, Lamni, Sarasdol Amarkantak, Aurapani, Lamni, Madai, Semra Pendra, Madai 789. 790. Flemingia semialata Roxb. ex Ait Fabaceae 791. Flemingia strobilifera (L.) R.Br. (syn. Flemingia bracteata (Roxb.) Wt.) Fabaceae 792. Indigofera astragalina DC. Fabaceae 793. Fabaceae 794. Indigofera cassioides Rottl. ex DC. (syn. I. pulchella auct. non Roxb.) Indigofera glabra L. Fabaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Katghora Pasan 795. Indigofera linifolia (L.f.) Retz. Fabaceae Katghora, Palmi 64 Sal and mixed forests, under shade Roadside and forest margins Mixed and teak forests Dried up sandy river beds and rock crevices Roadsides ditches, on sandy loam soil Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 796. Indigofera linifolia (L.f.) Retz. ssp. campbellii (Wt.) Panigr. et S.K. Murti Fabaceae Throughout the BR R M 797. Indigofera linnaei Ali Fabaceae Katghora C - 798. Indigofera tinctoria L. Fabaceae C M 799. Indigofera trifoliata L.(Sw.) Fabaceae Amarkantak, Khondra, Khuria, Lamni Amarkantak C M 800. Fabaceae Pasan 801. Lablab purpureus (L.) Sw. Lathyrus sativus L. Roadsides ditches, on sandy loam soil Wasteland and teak forests Hill slopes and moist wasteland Roadside ditches on gravelly soil Cultivated Fabaceae Lormi 802. Melilotus alba Desr. Fabaceae Amarkantak 803. Melilotus indica (L.) All. Fabaceae Amarkantak 804. Milletia extensa (Benth.) Baker (syn. Milletia auriculata Baker ex Brand.) Milletia pinnata (L.) Panigr. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Fabaceae Amarkantak Keonchi, Lamni Katghora Amarkantak, Khondra 807. Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) Hochr. Fabaceae 808. 809. 810. Phaseolus aureus Roxb. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Psoralea corylifolia L. Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae 811. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Fabaceae 812. Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC. Rhyncosia minima (L.) DC. Fabaceae Sesbania sesban L. (syn. Sesbania aegyptiaca Poir.) Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W.f. Wight Fabaceae 805. 806. 813. 814. 815. Fabaceae Fabaceae Amarkantak, Chada, Pali, Neur, Lamni , Sarasdol Amarkantak Pandaria Amarkantak, Khondra, Khuria , Lamni, Pasan Amarkantak, Pasarkhet Throughout the BR Fabaceae Amarkantak, Semra Amarkantak, Pasan Fabaceae 65 Cultivated for fodder Cultivated fields Cultivated fields Sal, teak and mixed forest C C M C Ms C - C Ms _ Roadsides and forest edges Mixed forest C C, NT F, M C/R T, Ms _ Avenue tree Black clay soil Sal and mixed forest C R M, T M VU M,Ms, T Mixed forest C F, M, Ms Wasteland and mixed forest An ornamental Moist depression and cultivated fields C F, M C Fb, Ms C Fb, Ms Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Fabaceae R Ms Fabaceae F, M Smithia sesitiva Ait. Fabaceae C - 819. 820. Sophora glauca Lesch. ex DC. Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Fabaceae Fabaceae Katghora Pasarkhet R C D, M M, O 821. 822. Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. Teramnus labialis (L. f.) Spreng. Fabaceae Fabaceae R C F, M, Ms 823. 824. Fabaceae Fabaceae C C F, M, O M, 825. Trigonella foenum-graceum L. Uraria alopecuroides (Roxb.) Wight Uraria lagopus DC. Kota Amarkantak, Korbi Kabirchabutra Korbi Wsteland and streams In moist places _ Widely spread in open places Wastelands Roadsides bushes Cutivated Sal forests C 818. Chauradadar , Kabirchabutra, Khuria Amarkantak, Khondra Pali, Katghora _ 817. Shuteria involucrata (Wall.) W. & A. var. glabrata (W. & A.) Ohashi Smithia conferta J.E. Smith Fabaceae _ R M 826. U. lagopodioides (L.) Desv.) Fabaceae C - 827. Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. Fabaceae Chada, Madai, Pasarkhet VU M 828. 829. Uraria rufescens (DC.) Schindl. Vicia sativa L. Fabaceae Fabaceae Lamni Khami, Padaria Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (syn. Phaseolus radiatus L.) Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdourt. Fabaceae Amarkantak C Planted C M M, Ms 830. Fabaceae Padaria, Khuria C M, Ms 832. Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi Fabaceae Pasan C F 833. Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich. Fabaceae Amarkantak R F 834. Fabaceae Amarkantak, Madai, Amadob, Lamni Amarkantak, Lamni C M, Ms 835. Zornia gibbosa Spanoghe (syn. Zornia diphylla auct. non (L.) Pers.) Casearia elliptica Willd. C Ms 836. Casearia graveolens Dalz. Flacourtiaceae C Ms 837. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Flacourtiaceae Amidst grasses at the edges of forests As undergrowt h of forest Mixed forest Cultivated fields Cultivated as kharif crops Cultivated fields and roadsides Roadsides in moist places Sal forest margins Wasteland, on sandyloam soil Dry deciduous forest Dry deciduous forest Scrub forest, almost all the districts C F, M, O, Ms 816. 831. Pasarkhet, Phulwaria Korbi Flacourtiaceae 66 Amarkantak, Khudia, Lamni, Sarasdol Khuria, Karidongri M, Ms Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 838. Canscora decurrens Dalz. Gentianaceae Amarkantak C M 839. Canscora decussata (Roxb.) J. A. & J. H. Schult. Canscora diffusa (Vahl) R. Br. Gentianaceae C/R M C M Enicostema axillare (Lam.) Raynal Exacum carinatum Roxb. (syn. Exacum petiolare Griseb.) Gentianaceae Amarkantak, Lamni, Madai Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Lamni Throughout Moist plces and along water sourses Roadside in open forest Shady places along drains and stream Ponds C M Gentianaceae Achanakmar R M C C M M C/R M C/R M C/R M 840. 841. Gentianaceae 843. 844. Exacum pedunculatum L. Exacum tetragonum Roxb. Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak 845. Hoppea dichotoma Willd. Gentianaceae 846. Swertia angustifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don var. angustifolia Gentianaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Katghora, Kudmura, Lamni Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, 847. Geranium mascatense Boiss. (syn. Geranium ocellatum Camb.) Rhynchoglossum obliquum Bl. (syn. Rhynchoglossum obliquum Bl. var. parviflora C.B.Cl.) Myriophyllum oliganthum (W. & A.) F. Muell. (syn. M. intermedium auct. non DC.) Geraniaceae Chauradadar, Kabirchabutra Drains or on hill slopes in moist places River bank Grasses along forest roads Roadsides, in mixed forest and on moist slopes Amids grasses in moist open places Ornamental plants Gesneriaceae Amarkantak _ C - Haloragaceae Amarkantak C - Hypericum laxum (Bl.) Koidzumi (syn. Hypericum japonicum Thunb. ex Murr.) Acrocephalus hispidus (L.) Nicolson & Sivadasan (syn. Acrocephalus indicus (Burm.f.) Kuntz.) Hypericaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra C M Lamiaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak C/R M Lamiaceae Amarkantak, Lafa, Pasan, Katghora Shallow water of streams and rivers Marshy places along streams and in meadows Wastelands, along river banks, on hill slopes and foot hills Moist soil near drains and on hill slopes C/R - 842. 848. 849. 850. 851. 852. Anisochilus carnosus (L.f.) Wall. ex Benth. 67 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 853. Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Lamiaceae Amarkantak, C M 854. Lamiaceae Amarkantak R O 855. Clinopodium umbrosum (Bieb.) Koch (syn. Calamintha umbrosa (Bieb.) Fisch. & Mey) Colebrookea oppositifoila Sm. Hill slopes and along road sides _ Lamiaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Keonchi C M 856. Coleus barbatus (Andr.) Benth. Lamiaceae Amarkantak C F 857. Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Katghora, Khuria Cultivated C M Lamiaceae 859. Lavandula bipinnata (Roth) O. Ktze. var. rothiana O. Ktze. Lamiaceae Amarkantak Drains, foot hills, in roadside thickets, on hill slopes and teakbamboo forest floor Planted in garden Cultivated in garden In wasteland, along bank of drains, roadsides, in forest clearings, on hill slopes and among boulders Drains, on hill slopes, in and around bamboo thickets and forest clearings C O 860. Leonotis nepetaefolia (L.) R.Br. Lamiaceae Keonchi, Kukdur Hill slopes, along roadsides, in wasteland and near villages C - 861. Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link (syn. Leucas plukenetil (Roth) Spr.) Lamiaceae Karidongri, Katghora, Pasan Fallow lands, wasteland, along stream, roadsides C M 858. 68 F, M, O Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 862. Leucas cephalotes (Roth) Spreng. Lamiaceae Katghora, Pasan C M, O 863. Leucas mollissima Wall. ex Benth. Lamiaceae C M 864. Micromeria biflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Benth. Lamiaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Katghora Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Amids grasses in forest clearings and in cultivated fields Hill slopes, bank of streams R M, O 865. Micromeria capitellata Benth. Lamiaceae Amarkantak, C M, O 866. Nepeta hindostana (Heyne ex Roth) Haines Lamiaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra C M, O 867. Ocimum basilicum L. Lamiaceae Katghora, Marwahi C M, O 868. Ocimum canum Sims Lamiaceae Amarkantak, Karidongri C M,O 869. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (syn. O. sanctum L.) Orthosiphon pallidus Royle ex Benth. Lamiaceae Amarkantak, Open meadows, along channels, on hill slopes Hill slopes and bank of stream River bank and roadsides Wasteland, forest floor and nearby habitations Wasteland, forest floor and nearby habitations Wasteland C M, O Lamiaceae - Wasteland, open meadows and among gravels and grasses Hill slopes, in sal forest and among roadsides C - C F, O Roadsides, channels, in forest clearings and under growth in mixed forest C M 870. 871. Orthosiphon rubicundus Benth. Lamiaceae Amarkantak, Lamni, Marwahi, Pasan 872. Plectranthus mollis (Ait.) Spreng. Lamiaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra 69 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 873. Pogostemon benghalense (Burm.f.) Kuntze. Lamiaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Keonchi C/R Ms, O 874. Pogostemon cruciata (Benth.) Kuntze (syn. Dysophylla cruciata Benth.) Pogostemon stellatus (Lour.) Kuntze Lamiaceae Amarkantak C - Lamiaceae C - 876. Salvia officinalis L. Lamiaceae - Planted M, O 877. Salvia plebeia R.Br. Lamiaceae Keonchi, Khondra, Pendra Throughout the BR Karidongri Hill slopes and as forest under growth Moist soil near streams Moist soil C M, Ms 878. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.R.Robins. (syn. Litsea sebifera Pers.) Lauraceae Amarkantak, Pali VU M,Ms, T 879. Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. Lauraceae Amarkantak, Pali R M, Ms 880. Careya arborea Roxb. Lecythidaceae R T 881. 882. Leeaceae Leeaceae R C Ms F, M 883. Leea alata Edgew. Leea asiatica (L.) Ridsdale (syn. Leea edgeworthii Sant.; Leea crispa L.) Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. _ R F 884. Utricularia aurea Lour. Lentibulariaceae Amarkantak, Katghora, Khudia, Lamni, Pali Lamni Amarkantak, Khondra, Lamni, Pasan Achanakmar, Khondra Throughout the BR Roadsides, river banks and sides of channels Mixed forest, along streams and on hill slopes Mixed forest and by the side of rocky drains Hill slopes and along the sides of stream _ _ C Ms 885. Utricularia bifida L. Lentibulariaceae Shallow water and swampy paddy fields Marshy places C M 886. Lentibulariaceae R M 887. 888. Utricularia graminifolia (Vahl) Bhattacharya Utricularia caerulea L. Utricularia exoleta R.Br. Lentibulariaceae Lentibulariaceae Amarkantak Katghora Keonchi, Pali C/R C - 889. Utricularia striatula Sm. Lentibulariaceae Amarkantak C - 875. Leeaceae 70 Amarkantak, Katghora, Keonchi Amarkantak Along stream Mud Shallow stagnant water and water logged fields _ Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 890. Linum usitatissimum L. Linaceae _ C O 891. Reinwardtia indica Dumort Linaceae _ C M 892. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Etting. (syn. Loranthus falcatus (L.f.) Loranthaceae Parasite on various hosts C M 893. Loranthus cordifolius Wallich. (syn. Scurrula cordifolia (Wall) G.Don) Loranthus parasiticus (L.) Merr. (syn. Scurrula parasiticus L.) Viscum articulatum Burm.f. Loranthaceae Amarkantak, Neur Amarkantak Kabirchabutra, Lamni Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Pali, Pasarkhet Kabirchabutra _ C M _ C M Parasite, mixed forest C - Throughout all the districts Throughout all the districts Almost throughout the state C M C M C Fb, T Almost throughout the state Almost throughout the state _ C D, M, O C - C - _ C - _ C - _ C - Almost throughout the state On hill slopes, forest C D, F, M C F, Fb, M 894. 895. Loranthaceae Loranthaceae Kabirchabutra, Keonchi Katghora, Kota , Pali, Pasan Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Pasan, Pendra - 896. Ammannia baccifera L. Lythraceae 897. Ammannia multiflora Roxb. Lythraceae 898. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae 899. Lawsonia inermis L. Lythraceae Amarantak, Katghora, Khudia, Lamni, Marwahi, Pasarkhet, Sarasdol Marwahi 900. Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne Lythraceae Katghora 901. Rotala mexicana Cham. & Schltr. Rotala rosea (Poir.) C.D.K.Cook Lythraceae Amarkantak Lythraceae Lythraceae 905. Rotala rotundifolia (Roxb.) Koehne Rotala serpylifolia (Roth) Bremek. (syn. Ammannia tenuis C.B.Cl.) Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Katghora, Kudmura, Lamni, Pasan Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Amarkantak, Khondra 906. Abelmoschus crinitus Wall 902. 903. 904. Lythraceae Lythraceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Amadoh Amarkantak Malvaceae 71 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat margins, and along streams and cultivated fields Commonly cultivated throughout M.P. Mixed forest, and along roads and cultivated fields Stream and cultivated fields Status Econo mic Import ance Cultivated F,M,O C F, Fb, M C O C Fb, O R Fb R C C/R Fb F, Fb, O C Fb Planted D,M Cultivated Fb 907. Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Malvaceae Amarkantak 908. Abelmoschus ficulneus (L.) W. & A. Malvaceae Kondra 909. Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik ssp. tetraphyllus (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Borss. var. pungens (Roxb.) Hochr. Abelmoschus moschatus Medic. Malvaceae Amarkantak Malvaceae Lamni 911. Abutilon persicum (Burm.f.) Merr. (syn. Abutilon polyandrum (Roxb.) W. & A.) Malvaceae Amarkantak, Khondra 912. 913. 914. Althaea ludwigii L. Gossypium arboreum L. Hibiscus lobatus (J.A. Murray) O. Ktze. Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Khami, Padaria Amarkantak Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra 915. Hibiscus panduriformis Burm.f. Malvaceae Khami, Padaria 916. Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Malvaceae Amarkantak 917. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ssp. cannabis (L.) Panigr. Malvaceae Katghora, Pasan 918. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ssp. sabdariffa L. Malvaceae Katghora, Padaria _ C Fb, M 919. Hibiscus syriacus L. Malvaceae Amarkantak, _ Planted Fb 910. 72 Mixed forests and cultivated fields Open rocky hill slopes and in teak plantations Wastelands Cultivated Road and streams, and on hill slopes Wastelands, fallow-fields and teak plantation Gardens throughout M.P., mostly as a hedge, and as an ornamental _ Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 920. Kydia calycina Roxb. Malvaceae Sal and mixed forest C/R M, Ms, T, 921. Malvestrum coroman-delianum (L.) Garcke Malvaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Khondra, Khudia, Lamni, Sarasdol Khondra C M 922. Sida acuta Burm.f. Malvaceae Amarkantak, Khudia, Lamni, Sarasdol C Fb, M, O 923. Sida alba L. (syn. S. spinosa L.) Malvaceae Amarkantak C M 924. Sida cordata (Burm.f.) Borss. (syn. Sida veronicaefolia Lam.) Malvaceae Kabirchabutra, Khondra C Fb, F, M 925. Sida cordifolia DC. Malvaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Lamni C Fb,F,M 926. Sida rhombifolia L. Malvaceae Achanakmar, Khudia, Lamni, Sarasdol C Fb, M 927. Thespesia lampas Dalz. & Gibs. Malvaceae Amarkantak C Fb, D, M, Ms 928. Urena lobata L. ssp. lobata var. lobata Malvaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Lamni, C Fb, M 929. 930. 931. Urena repanda Roxb. ex Sm. Melastoma malabathricum L. Osbeckia chinensis L. Malvaceae Melastomaceae Melastomaceae R C C Fb D M 932. Sonerila tenera Royle Melastomaceae _ C/R M 933. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Meliaceae M Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae R M, O 935. Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A.Juss. Toona ciliata Roem. Meliaceae Throughout the BR Throughout the BR _ R 934. Amarkantak Pasarkhet Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Lamni Amarkantak, Madai Achanakmar, Lamni Amarkantak, Katghora Achanakmar, Sarasdol Amarkantak Wasteland and old walls Wasteland, fallow-fields, and along roads and forest Wastelands and fallow fields Wastelands, fallow-fields and forest margins Wastelands, forest margins and roadsides Wastelands rockcrevices, forests and along streams Sal, teak and mixed forests Wasteland, fallow fields, mixed and sal forests _ _ _ C Fb, M, T _ R D, M, T 936. Meliaceae 73 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 937. Cissampelos pariera L. Menispermaceae Amarkantak, Khodra C M 938. Coculus hirsutus (L.) Diels. Menispermaceae Khuria C M 939. Nymphoides hydrophyllum (Lour.) Kuntze (syn. Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) O.Ktze.) Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze. Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.ex Benth. Menyanthaceae Amarkantak, Khuria, Lafa Roadsides and in the forest Throughout the state Ponds C - Menyanthaceae Mimosaceae Katghora, Pali Amarkantak Ponds Cultivated as an ornamental Dry deciduous forests Wasteland and roadsides Dry deciduous forests Mixed forests and wastelands Mixed forests Mixed forest and on roadsides Mixed deciduous forests Mixed forest and road sides C Planted Ms, O C Fb, Ms C Ms, T C M, T C/R - C Ms, T C M, T C Ms, T C/R Ms, T Forest openings _ Planted M, Ms, O C Ms Throughout the BR Throughout the BR Throughout the BR C F/M C M C M 940. 941. 942. Acacia catechu (L.) Willd. Mimosaceae 943. Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. Mimosaceae Achanakmar, Khondra, Khuria, Lamni Khuria 944. Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del. ssp. indica (Benth.) Brenan Mimosaceae Marwahi 945. Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib. Mimosaceae Amarkantak 946. Albizia amara Boiv. Mimosaceae Amarkantak 947. Albizia lebbek (L.) Benth. Mimosaceae Throughout the BR 948. Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth. Mimosaceae 949. Albizia procera Benth. Mimosaceae 950. Mimosa pudica L. Mimosaceae Amarkantak, Khondra, Khudia, Sonmuda Amarkantak, Kota, Lamni, Lormi, Marwahi Amarkantak 951. Mimosaceae Khondra, Pali, 952. Mimosa rubicaulis Lam. ssp. himalayana (Gamble) Ohashi Glinus lotoides L. Molluginaceae 953. Glinus oppositifolius (L.) A. DC. Molluginaceae Lamni, Keonchi, Pasan Lamni, Pali 954. Mollugo pentaphylla L. Molluginaceae 74 Amarkantak, Marwahi, Pasan, Pasarkhet Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 955. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Moraceae Belghana C F 956. Ficus arnottiana Miq. Moraceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra C M, Ms 957. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Lamni, Pasarkhet C/R F, M, Ms 958. Ficus benjamina L. ssp. comosa (Roxb.) Murti & Panigr. Moraceae Siang R M, Ms 959. Ficus carica L. Moraceae Amarkantak Planted F, M 960. Ficus hispida L.f. Moraceae C F, M 961. Ficus microcarpa L. Moraceae Amarkantak, Chauradadar, Kabirchabutra Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra C M, Ms 962. Ficus mollis Vahl Moraceae Khootghat C - 963. Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Lamni, Pali, Pasan C F, M, Ms 964. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Amarkantak Throughout the BR Mixed forests amidst rocky boulders and along the drains Throughout the state on road sides, in rural areas and secondary forests Bank of drains and in rocky forests Roadsides and often cultivated in gardens for edible figs Roadsides, in fields and sal forests Mixed forest, on hill slopes and in rock crevices Rock crevices, on hill slopes, roadsides, in forests as well as in sal forest clearigs Wasteland and mixed forests, on the bank of drains and rivers Throughout the BR on roadsides, bank of drains and C F, M, Ms 75 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution 965. 966. Ficus rumphii Bl. Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex J.E.Smith (syn. Ficus cunia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Moraceae Moraceae Amarkantak Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Lamni, Sarasdol 967. Ficus tinctoria Forst. f. ssp. parasitica (Koenig ex Willd.) Corner Moraceae Lainga, Pendra, Katghora 968. Ficus virens Ait. (syn. Ficus infectoria Roxb.; Ficus tsjakela (Burm.f.) Moraceae Amarkantak 969. Morus australis Poir. Moraceae Amarkantak 970. Casuarina equisetifolia L. Casuarinaceae Amarkantak 971. Moringa concanensis Nimmo Moringaceae Neur 972. Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Pasan 973. Ardisia solanacea Roxb. Myrsinaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Lamni 974. Embelia basaal (Roem. & Schult.) A.DC. (syn. Embelia robusta auct. non Roxb. Embelia tsjeriam cottam auct. non (R. & S.) A. DC.) Callistemon lanceolatus DC. Myrsinaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Amadoh, Kabirchabutra, Lamni Amarkantak 975. Myrtaceae 76 Habit/ habitat rivers, in fields, villages and sometimes in forests Roadsides Mixed forests, on hill slopes and along drains Sandy alluvial soil along roadsides, in mixed and sal forests Mixed forests, on rocky hill slopes, bank of drains and between rock boulders Cultivated in gardens, parks and rural areas Gardens, rest houses and forest nurseries Found near habitation Planted in the vicinity of villages Evergreen forests or on hill slopes, sometimes near rocky stream Sal and mixed forests Garden Status Econo mic Import ance R C/R M C - C - Planted F, Ms Planted T C F, M, O C F, M R D, F, M, R, NT M Planted O Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 976. 977. 978. 979. 980. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. Eucalyptus sp. Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Amarkantak, Amarkantak Amarkantak Pali Amarkantak Planted Planted Planted Planted Planted Ms, O Ms, O Ms, O Ms, O F, M, O 981. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae Amadob, Amarkantak, Khudia, Lamni, Madai, Pali, Sarasdol C F, M, T 982. Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Myrtaceae C F, O 983. Syzygium nervosum DC. Myrtaceae Amarkantak, Lamni, Madai, Pali Pali, Pasarkhet C - 984. 985. Nelumbo nucifera J.Gaertn. Boerhavia diffusa L. Nelumbonaceae Nyctaginaceae Pali Amarkantak, Khuria, Pasan C C F, M - 986. Boerhavia repens L. Nyctaginaceae Kota, Khuria Pasan C - 987. Bougainvillea glabra Choisy Nyctaginaceae Amarkantak Planted - 988. Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Nyctaginaceae Amarkantak Planted Ms 989. Mirabilis jalapa L. Nyctaginaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra C F, M, Ms 990. Nymphaea pubescens Willd. Nymphaeaceae Katghora, Lafa C F,M 991. 992. Ochnaceae Ochnaceae Katghora Marwahi, Pasan R R - 993. Ochna obtusata DC. Ochna obtusata DC. var. pumila (Buch.- Ham. ex DC.) Kanis Olax scandens Roxb. _ _ _ _ Almost in all districts Sal forest margins, along road sides, stream and rivers Cultivated near habitation Sides of streams and nalas _ Road sides, river banks and in wastelands Road sides, in rock crevices and forest clearings Cultivated for ornamental Cultivated in gardens Cultivated in gardens and also as an escapes in wastelands Tanks and marshes _ _ Olacaceae _ C F, M 994. Jasminum aborescens Roxb. Oleaceae Achanakmar, Lormi, Katghora, Khondra Amarkantak, Pali Mixed forests R M 77 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 995. Jasminum auriculatum Vahl Oleaceae Lamni C M, O 996. Jasminum brevipetiola tum Duthie ex Brandis Jasminum grandiflorum L. Jasminum multiflorum (Burm.f.) Andr. Oleaceae Amarkantak Near stream and also cultivated _ R M, O Oleaceae Oleaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak Gardens Roadsides and often cultivated in gardens. Dry desiduous forests As forest undergrowth Dry mixed deciduous forests and on hill slopes Mixed forests Margins of tanks, stream and lakes Near streams, cultivated fields, rivers and ponds Near streams, cultivated fields, rivers and ponds Near streams, cultivated fields, rivers and ponds Moist places, cultivated fields and river banks _ Planted Planted M, Ms, O O Planted Ms, O Planted F, M, O C M, Ms, T C M, Ms, T C - C - C - C - C M C M Moist shady places of Bamboo mixed forests C/R M 997. 998. 999. Jasminum officianale L. Oleaceae Amarkantak 1000. Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. Oleaceae Amarkantak 1001. Nyctanthes arbor tristris L. Oleaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Lafa, Lamni 1002. Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. Oleaceae 1003. Ludwigia adscendens (L.)Hara Onagraceae Lamni, Sarasdol Ratanpur 1004. Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven Onagraceae Amarkantak, Kudmura, Khondra, Katghora 1005. Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven ssp. octovalvis Onagraceae Kudmura, Khondra 1006. Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven ssp. sessiliflora (Mich.) Raven Onagraceae Pasan, Khootghat 1007. Ludwigia perennis L. Onagraceae Amarkantak 1008. Ludwigia prostrata Roxb. Onagraceae 1009. Aeginetia indica L. Orobranchaceae Achanakmar, Lamni Amarkantak 78 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1010. Biophytum petersianum Klotz. Oxalidaceae Pasankhet R M 1011. Oxalidaceae Amarkantak, Lamni Lamni C - 1012. Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotz. Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. C M 1013. Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalidaceae Throughout the BR Throughout the BR Throughout the BR Throughout the BR C M, F 1014. Oxalidaceae F C O, M 1016. 1017. Argemone ochroleuca Sweet Passiflora foetida L. Papeveraceae Passifloraceae R C F, M 1018. Martynia annua L. Pedaliaceae Throughout the BR Waste places Wasteland Creper on west land Wastelands C 1015. Oxalis richardiana Babu, (syn. O. latifolia HBK) Argemone mexicana L. C/R F, M, O 1019. Sesamum indicum L. (syn. Sesamum orientale L.) Pedaliaceae C F, M, O 1020. Piper longum L. Piperaceae - VU M 1021. Plantago exigua Juss. et Murr. Plantaginaceae Kabirchabutra R M 1022. Plumbago zeylanica L. Plumbaginaceae Amarkantak, Lamni VU M 1023. Polygala arvensis Willd. Polygalacaeae Khuria, Pali C - 1024. Polygalacaeae Pasan C M 1025. Polygala crotalarioides Buch.Ham. ex DC. Polygala furcata Royle Polygalacaeae Amarkantak Moist, shaded places on rocky slopes C - 1026. Polygala longifolia Poir. Polygalacaeae Lamni Moist, shaded places of forests C M Oxalidaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Chada, Keonchi Keonchi Papeveraceae 79 Amarkantak, Keonchi, Lamni Aurapani Lamni, Karidongri Achanakmar, Amarkantak Amarkantak, Korbi, Madai Often cultivated for oil yielding seeds Moist shady places of mixed forest Multivated fields and wasteland Roadsides and in forest undergrowth; often planted in garden Hill slopes in open situation and in plains Hill forests Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1027. Polygala persicaraefolia DC. Polygalacaeae Amarkantak C M 1028. Polygonum barbatum L. (syn. Polygonum stagninum Buch.- Ham. var. stagninum) Polygonum glabrum Willd. Polygonum hydropiper L. ssp. microcarpum Danser Polygonaceae C Ms, M Polygonaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Khuria, Lamni. Katghora, Pali Growing amongst grasses Stream and paddy fields C F, M Polygonaceae Kabirchabutra Ponds and drains Sandy alluvial soil near streams River bank and perennial streams _ Wastelands and dried silted drains _ River banks Creeping over rocks Moist places C F, M, Ms C - C C Ms F, M C C C - C/R F, M, Ms C M, F C M C M, Ms C F R - Planted Ms, T Planted D, F, M R M 1029. 1030. Polygonaceae Amarkantak 1032. 1033. Polygonum lapathifolium L. var. lanatum (Roxb.) Steward (syn.Polygonum lanigerum auct. non R.Br.) Polygonum pedunculare Wall. Polygonum plebeium R.Br. Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak 1034. 1035. 1036. Polygonum rottleri Roth Polygonum serrulatum Lagasc. Polygonum strigosum R. Br. Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak Amarkantak 1037. Rumex dentatus L. subsp. klotzschianus (Meisn.) Rchb. f. Portulaca pilosa L. Polygonaceae Amarkantak, Khuria Khuria, Khootghat 1031. 1038. Portulacaceae Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk.) Asch. ex Schweinf. Anagalis arvensis L. Portulacaceae - Primulaceae Khondra Lysimachia candida Lindl. ssp. obovata (Buch.-Ham.ex Hk.f.) Kunth Primula umbellata (Lour.) Bentvelzen (syn. Androsace umbellate (Lour.) Merr.) Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br. Primulaceae Amarkantak Primulaceae Proteaceae Amarkantak, Keonchi, Lamni Amarkantak 1044. Punica granatum L. Punicaceae Amarkantak 1045. Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex DC. Ranunculaceae Amarkantak 1039. 1040. 1041. 1042. 1043. 80 Sandy river beds and waste places _ Cultivated fields and near water channels Grassy fields and moist places Shady places Garden, park and roadsides Planted for its juicy seeds Over bushes on hill slopes Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1046. Clematis smilacifolia Wall. Ranunculaceae Sal forest R M 1047. Clematis triloba Heyne ex Roth Ranunculaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Achanakmar, Lamni R M 1048. 1049. Delphinium ajacis L. Thalictrum foliolosum DC. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra C VU M M 1050. Helinus lanceolatus Brand. Rhamnaceae Amarkantak C - 1051. 1052. Rhamnus purpurens Edgew. Rhamnus wightii W.& A. Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae Kabirchabutra Amarkantak R R M, T Fb, M 1053. Ventilago denticulata Willd. (syn. Ventilago calyculata Tul.) Rhamnaceae Amarkantak, Khondra, Katghora, Khudia, Lormi, Sarasdol C M,O 1054. Rhamnaceae Amarkantak C M, Ms, O Rhamnaceae Amarkantak C - 1056. Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. var. fruticosa (Haines) Seb. & Balakr. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. (syn. Z. rotundifolia Lam.) Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. Mixed deciduous forests _ Moist, shaded places on higher hill slopes Shady moist places in forests _ Shady moist places in forests Foot hills of scrub forest and mixed forest, stream banks Plains, throughout, BR _ Rhamnaceae Amarkantak C M 1057. Ziziphus rugosa Lam. Rhamnaceae Amarkantak, Pasan C F, M, Ms 1058. Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Rhamnaceae C Fb, Ms 1059. Prunus persica (L.) Stokes Rosaceae Amarkantak, Khondra, Khudia, Lamni, Marwahi Amarkantak Mixed forest s and dry habitats Rocky slopes in open forests Mixed sal forest and open fields Hills 1060. Neanotis calycina (Hook. f.) Lewis (syn. Anotis calycina HK. f.) Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A.Rich. ex Walp. Rubiaceae Amarkantak Moist shady rocks Cultivated R F, M, O, T - Rubiaceae Pasrasi R - Argostemma sarmentosum Wall. Rubiaceae Pasarkhet Cultivated, found in warmer areas Moist shady rocky slopes R - 1055. 1061. 1062. 81 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1063. Borreria stricta (L. f.) C.F.W. Mey Rubiaceae Amarkantak, Lamni C M 1064. Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Teysm. & Binn. Catunaregum nilotica (Stapf) Tiruvengadum (syn. Xeromphis uliginosa (Retz.) Maheshwari) Catunaregum spinosa (Thunb.) Tiruvengadum (syn. Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay) Rubiaceae Katghora Lateritic soil along roadsides _ C M, Ms Rubiaceae Achanakmar Mixed forests C F, M, Ms, O Rubiaceae Mixed deciduous forests C/R F, M, Ms, O 1067. 1068. Coffea arabica L. Dentella repens (L.) J.R. & G. Forst. Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Khudia, Keonchi, Lamni, Pasan Jagatpur Katghora, Khuria, Pali, Pasan Planted C F M 1069. Gardenia gummifera L.f. Rubiaceae Hill slopes Low lying areas, river banks Degraded slopes C M 1070. Gardenia latifolia Ait. Rubiaceae C T 1071. Gardenia resinifera Roth. Rubiaceae Khondra, Marwahi, Pasan C M 1072. Gardenia turgida Roxb. Rubiaceae C T 1073. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae T Hedyotis pinifolia Wall. ex G. Don. Hymenodictyon orixense(Roxb.) Mabbreley(syn. Hymenodictyon excelsum (Roxb.) Wall.) Ixora pavetta Andrews (syn. Ixora arborea Roxb. ex J.E. Smith) (syn. Ixora parviflora Vahl.) Knoxia sumatrensis (Retz.) DC. Rubiaceae Foot hills to high altitude in mixed deciduous forests _ C 1074. Achanakmar, Khondra, Khudia, Lamni Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Khudia, Lamni, Korbi, Pasan, Sarasdol Amarkantak Hills in dry deciduous forests High hills to foot hills scrub forests Slopes of dry forests R M Hills in mixed forest C/R D, M, T Moist shady places in hills C M, Ms, T C - Meyna spinosa Roxb. Mitragyna parviflora (Roxb.) Korth. Rubiaceae Rubiaceae On bare slopes and fallow fields Mixed deciduous forest C C F, M, Ms Fb, T 1065. 1066. 1075. 1076. 1077. 1078. 1079. Achanakmar, Katghora, Pasarkhet Amarkantak, Katghora Khuria Rubiaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Khootaghat Khudia, Lamni, Madai, Sarasdol Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Amarkantak, Madai, Pasarkhet Achanakmar Amarkantak, Khondra, Khudia, Keonchi, Pasan, Sarasdol 82 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1080. Oldenlandia affinis (Roem. & Schult.) DC. Rubiaceae Katghora, Madai C M,Ms, T 1081. Oldenlandia corymbosa L. (syn. O. pseudocorymbosa (Bakh.f.) Raizada) Rubiaceae C M 1082. Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb. Rubiaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Katghora, Khondra, Lamni Lamni Way sides in mixed forests Way sides in mixed forests C M 1083. Kahoutia gracilis (Wall.) DC .(syn. Oldenlandia gracilis DC.) Pavetta crassicaulis Bremek. (syn. Pavetta indica L.) Rubiaceae Amarkantak Hill slopes and way sides Pathways - M Rubiaceae _ C F, M, O 1085. Pavetta tomentosa Roxb. ex Sm. Rubiaceae _ C F, M, O 1086. Rubia manjith Roxb. ex Fleming (syn. Rubia cordifolia L.) Rubiaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Keonchi, Marwahi Kabirchabutra, Keonchi, Marwahi Amarkantak Kabirchabutra C M 1087. Spermacoce ramanii Sivarajan and R.V.Nair Spermacoce hispida L. (syn. Spermacoce articularis L.) Rubiaceae Lamni, Pasan Hill slopes in deciduous forests _ C - Rubiaceae Karidongri, Katghora, Pasan, Pasarkhet C - 1089. Spermadictyon suaveolens Roxb Rubiaceae R - 1090. Rubiaceae Lateritic soil of hill slopes C - 1092. Thecagonum ovatifolium (Cav.) Babu (syn. Hedyotis ovatifolia Cav.; Oldenlandia ovatifolia (Cav.) DC.) Wendlandia heynei (R.& S.) Sant. & Merch. (syn. Wendlandia exerta DC.) Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Madai Fallow fields and open areas in forests Rocky hill slopes 1093. 1084. 1088. Rubiaceae Amarkantak, Lamni, Pali Mixed forest R M,Ms, T Rutaceae Amarkantak, Achanakmar, Katghora, Lamni C/R M, F, O Atalantia monophylla Corr. Rutaceae Pasarkhet R T, O 1094. Chloroxylon swietenia DC. Rutaceae Katghora C Fb, M, T 1095. 1096. Citrus aurantium L. Citrus medica L. Rutaceae Rutaceae Amarkantak - Dry slopes in mixed forests and planted Plains, dry scrub forests Plains in dry forests Planted Edge of forests C C F, M F, M, O 1091. 83 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Rutaceae Belgahana Planted _ F, M, O 1098. 1099. Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson (syn. Limonia crenulata (Roxb.) Roem. ; L. acidissima auct. non L. Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Murraya paniculata (L.) Jacq. Rutaceae Rutaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak C C F, M, O M,Ms, O 1100. Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Salicaceae Amarkantak, Throughout the BR, C/R M,M, T 1101. Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Sapindaceae Karidongri, Kondra C - 1102. Dodonaea angustifolia L.f. (syn. Dodonaea viscosa Jacq.) Sapindaceae Pasan C Fb, O, T 1103. Litchi chinensis Sonner. Sapindaceae - Planted F, M 1104. Sapindus laurifolia Vahl Sapindaceae - - M, T 1105. Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. Sapindaceae Amarkantak, Kudmura, Khudia, Lamni, Sarasdol R M, Ms, O, T, 1106. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig) Macbr. var. latifolia (Roxb.) Chavalier (syn. Madhuca indica J.F.Gmelin. ; M.latifolia (Roxb.) Macbr.) Sapotaceae Khudia, Lainga, Lamni, Pasan C F,M, Ms 1107. Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard Sapotaceae Pasarkhet R M, O, T 1108. 1109. Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen Alectra sessililfora (Vahl) Kuntze. (syn. Melasma arvense (Benth.) Hand-Mazz.) Sapotaceae Scrophulariaceae Pasarkhet Amarkantak Planted Planted, moist shady places in mixed forest Admist rock boulders, along streams, rivers and edges of forest Road-sides, forestclearings, grassland and dry deciduous forests Scrub and dry deciduous forests Cultivated, exotic Deciduous forests Dry deciduous forests, often along river Road sides, near villages and in dry mixed deciduous forest Roadsides and and near streams _ Hill slopes in sal forests R M 1097. 84 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1110. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Scrophulariaceae Khuria, Korbi C M 1111. Bacopa procumbens (Mill.) Greenm. (syn. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small; Mecardonia dianthera (Swartz) Pennell) Centranthera nepalensis D.Don Scrophulariaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Khondra, Pasan, Lamni, Amarkantak Marshy and swampy areas Moist shady places along forests C - R - 1113. Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr. Scrophulariaceae Amarkantak, Katghora, Pasarkhet R F, M, O 1114. Scrophulariaceae Kabirchabutra C O Scrophulariaceae Pasarkhet C - Scrophulariaceae Amarkantak Streams C - 1117. Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. var. C.B.Cl.i (Haines) S.K.Murti Limnophila connata (Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) Hand.-Mazz. Limnophila indica (L.) Druce. Scrophulariaceae Marshy and aquatic habitats C M, O 1118. Limnophila rugosa (Roth)Merr. Scrophulariaceae Amarkantak, Keonchi, Kabirchabutra, Khondra, Pasan Kabirchabutra C F, O 1119. Lindenbergia indica (L.) Kuntze Scrophulariaceae Amarkantak 1120. Lindernia anagallis (Burm.f.) Pennell (syn. Lindernia cordifolia (Colsm.) Merr.) Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alston Scrophulariaceae 1122. Lindernia ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae 1123. Lindernia crustacea (L.) F.V. Mueller Scrophulariaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Pasan, Pali Achanakmar, Katghora, Pasan, Kabirchabutra, Pendra Amarkantak, Achanakmar, Lamni Amarkantak, Katghora, Lamni, Pasarkhet Moist and swampy habitats Old walls and sandy soil between rock crevices Moist gravelly soil near stream Sandy soil along stream 1112. 1115. 1116. 1121. Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae 85 Wasteland and along the edges of cultivated fields Moist habitats particularly in cultivated fields Moist habitats Moist habitats R C M C M Moist shady places C M Moist shady places C M Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1124. Lindernia hookeri C.B.Cl. ex Hk.f. var. kumaunensis Pennell Scrophulariaceae Amarkantak, C M 1125. Lindernia hyssopioides (L.) Haines Scrophulariaceae Kota C - 1126. Lindernia nummularifolia (D.Don.) Wettst Scrophulariaceae Amarkantak C M 1127. Lindernia oppositifolia (L.) Mukerjee Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Borbas Scrophulariaceae Amarkantak Marshy places or near streams on hill slopes Moist and aquatic habitats Moist sandy alluvium on hill slopes Moist places R M Scrophulariaceae Amarkantak, Kenda C M Lindernia sessiliflora (Benth.) Wettst. Mazus delavayi Bonati Mazus pumilus (Burm.f.) Steenis Scrophulariaceae Amarkantak C M Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Lamni R C M - 1132. Mimulus strictus Benth. Scrophulariaceae Amarkantak C M 1133. Scoparia dulcis L. Scrophulariaceae C M 1134. Sopubia delphinifolia (L.) G. Don Scrophulariaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Lamni, Kabirchabutra, Katghora Madai C M 1135. Stemodia viscose (Roxb.) Scrophulariaceae Khami, Padaria R M 1136. Striga angustifolia (D.Don) Saldanha Scrophulariaceae Katghora C M 1137. Striga densiflora (Benth.) Benth. Verbascum chinense (L.) Sant. Scrophulariaceae - R M Scrophulariaceae Keonchi, Lamni R M 1128. 1129. 1130. 1131. 1138. 86 Moist and swampy habitats Moist sandy alluvial soil _ Moist shady places particularly along drains and water channels Amidst rock boulders along running stream Open wasteland and as weed of cultivated fields Roadside ditche ditches and moist places Moist lowland and marshy places Wastelands and paddy fields Amidst grasses Wasteland and river beds Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1139. Veronica anagallis- aquatica L. Scrophulariaceae Pondu C M 1140. Capsicum annuum L. Solanaceae Pasan, Kabirchabutra Planted M 1141. Capsicum frutescens L. Solanaceae Kabirchabutra Cultivated F, Ms 1142. Cestrum nocturnum L. Solanaceae Amarkantak Planted M, Ms 1143. Datura metel L. Solanaceae Achanakmar, Lamni C M 1144. Datura stramonium L. (syn. Datura tatula L.) Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (syn. Lycopersicon lycopersicon (L.) Karsten) Nicandra physalodes (L.)Gaertn. Petunia hybrida Vilm. Solanaceae Amarkantak Aquatic and marshy places Cultivated throughout the state as cash crop Cultivated throughout the state as cash crop Planted in garden and lawns throughout the state for their scented flowers Wasteland and near drains throughout the BR Wasteland R M Solanaceae Amarkantak Throughout the BR Cultivated F, M, O Solanaceae Ms Planted Ms Solanaceae Throughout C M 1149. Physalis divaricata D.Don (syn. Physalis minima L.) Solanum incanum L. (syn. S. melongena L. var. incanum (L.) Kuntze.) As forest undergrowth Cultivated in garden _ C/R Solanaceae Lamni, Amarkantak - Solanaceae Amarkantak Along the edge of forests R F, M 1150. Solanum melongena L. Solanaceae Throughout the BR Widely cultivated throughout the state as crop Planted F, M 1151. Solanum nigrum L. Solanaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Lamni In wasteland and moist places throughout the BR C M 1145. 1146. 1147. 1148. 87 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1152. Solanum tuberosum L. Solanaceae Amarkantak C F, M 1153. Solanum violaceum Ortega (syn. Solanum indicum auct. non L.) Solanaceae C F, M 1154. Solanum virginianum L. (syn. Solanum surratense Burm.f.) Solanaceae Amarkantak, Chauradadar, Kabirchabutra Katghora, Lamni Amarkantak, Katghora Widely cultivated as case crop throughout the BR Sal and mixed forest C M 1155. Byttneria herbacea Roxb. Sterculiaceae Lamni , Marwahi C M 1156. Eriolaena candollei Wall (syn. Eriolaena hookeriana W. & A.) Sterculiaceae Amarkantak, Khuria, Pendra R Ms 1157. Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae R Fb, M, Ms 1158. Melochia corchorifolia L. Sterculiaceae Achanakmar , Khondra, Khuria Karidongri, Pasarkhet C F ,Fb 1159. Sterculia urens Roxb. Sterculiaceae VU F,Fb, M 1160. 1161. Sterculia villosa Roxb. Waltheria indica L. Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae Achanakmar, Karghora, Khuria, Lamni, Sarasdol Amarkantak Korbi Open wastelands throughout the BR Mixed forests Sal and mixed forests Deciduous forest and open areas Wasteland and along canals Exposed hills R R Fb, Ms M 1162. 1163. Stylidium kunthii Wall. ex DC. Stylidium tenellum Sw. Stylidaceae Stylidaceae Pali Amarkantak R C - 1164. 1165. Symplocos laurina (Retz.) Wall. Symplocos racemosa Roxb. Symplocaceae Symplocaceae Pasarkhet Pasan C/R C M M, Ms 1166. Tamarix ericoides Rottl. ex Willd. Corchorus aestuans L. Tamaricaceae - C M Tiliaceae Amarkantak C Fb, M Corchorus fascicularis Lam. Corchorus olitorius L. Grewia serrulata DC. (syn. Grewia glabra Bl.; Grewia disperma Rottl. ex Spreng.) Grewia hirsuta Vahl Tiliaceae Tiliaceae Tiliaceae Amarkantak Khondra Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Khondra Keonchi, Lamni Hill slopes Wastelands and exposrd rock crevices _ Moist or swampy places Stream Deciduous forests Sandy river beds Waste places _ Paddy fields Mixed and sal forests R C C/R M FB,M Fb, Ms, T Mixed forests C M 1167. 1168. 1169. 1170. 1171. Tiliaceae 88 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1172. Grewia rothii DC. Tiliaceae Madai C F, Fb 1173. Tiliaceae Amarkantak R F, Fb, M 1174. Grewia asiatica L. (syn. Grewia subinaequalis DC.) Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl Sal and mixed forests _ Tiliaceae Mixed and sal forests C M 1175. Triumfetta annua L. Tiliaceae Kabirchabutra, Khudia, Lamni, Marwahi to Pasan, Sarasdol Amarkantak R F 1176. Triumfetta pentandra A. Rich. Tiliaceae Kabirchabutra, Katghora C Fb 1177. Triumfetta pilosa Roth Tiliaceae Amarkantak, Khondra, Lamni R Fb 1178. Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Tiliaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Lamni, Pasan C Fb, M 1179. Trapa natans var. bispinosa (Roxb.) Makino (syn. Trapa bispinosa Roxb.) Trapaceae Ratanpur, Pali C F 1180. Celtis tetrandra Roxb. Ulmaceae R T 1181. Trema orientalis (L.) Bl. Ulmaceae R T 1182. Boehmeria macrophylla Siebold & Zucc. Urticaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Pasarkhet Kabirchabutra Wastelands along waysides Mixed forest and on road sides Wasteland and along roads Forest margines and road sides Lakes, ponds and tanks, sometime cultivated Mixed forests _ C - 1183. Boehmeria scabrella Gaud. Urticaceae Amarkantak C Ms 1184. Elatostema cuneatum Wight Urticaceae Achanakmar Mixed forests usually in humid places Streams and in forest clearings Mixed forests as well as in moist rock crevices along streams C Ms 1185. Girardinia diversifolia (Link.) Friis (syn. Girardinia palmata (Forsk.) Gaud.) Urticaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Mixed forests and hill slopes C F 89 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1186. Lecanthus peduncularis (Wall. ex Royle) Wedd. (syn. Lecanthus wightii Wedd.) Urticaceae - C - 1187. Pouzolzia pentandra (Roxb.) Benn. Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer (syn. Clerodendrum fragrans Willd.) (syn. Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet var. pleniflorum (Schauer) Maheshwari) Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. (syn. C. infor- tunatum auct. non L.) Duranta repens L. var. repens Urticaceae Amarkantak Moist rocky places and in humus rich soil Streams C F, M Verbenaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra C M Verbenaceae Sal forests EN M Verbenaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Achanakmar Roadsides C M Verbenaceae Pendra, Keonchi Bundh of cultivated fields usually planted as hedge Sal forests Road sides and forest margins Moist wastelands Hill slopes and between rock boulders Sal forests C Ms, O C C T F, M, Ms, O C F, M R M C/R M R Ms Planted T R M Planted - C M 1188. 1189. 1190. 1191. 1192. 1193. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Lantana camara L. var.aculeata (L.) Moldenke Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak, Khootaghat 1194. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Verbenaceae Khuria 1195. Premna barbata Wall. ex Schauer Verbenaceae Amarkantak 1196. Verbenaceae Amarkantak, Marwahi Verbenaceae Katghora 1198. Pygmaeopremna herbacea (Roxb.) Moldenke (syn. Premna herbacea Roxb.) Symphorema polyandrum Wight Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Madai 1199. Verbena officinalis L. Verbenaceae 1200. Verbena tenuisecta Briq. Verbenaceae Amarkantak, Khondra Kabirchabutra, Khondra 1201. Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae 1197. Amarkantak, Katghora, Marwahi 90 _ Mixed forests Throughout the BR _ _ Roadsides, river banks and cultivated fields Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1202. Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.v.Muell. Violaceae Khootghat C M 1203. Ampelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch Vitaceae R M 1204. Vitaceae _ C/R M Vitaceae Khondra _ C 1206. Ampelocissus tomentosa (Heyne ex Roth) Planch Cayratia auriculata (Roxb.) Gamble Cayratia pedata Gagnep. Amarkantak, Khondra, Lamni, Marwahi Amarkantak Among grasses along roadsides, forestfringes, banks of streams, amongst forest undergrowth, and in cultivated fields _ Vitaceae _ R 1207. Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin Vitaceae _ C M 1208. Cissus quandrangularis L. (syn Vitis uandran-gularis (L.) Wall ex Wight & Arn.) Tetrastigma lanceolarium Planch Vitis vinifera L. Vitaceae Amarkantak, Khondra Achanakmar, Kabirchabutra Lamni _ Planted M Vitaceae Amarkantak _ C F, M Cultivated Planted Planted F, M Fb, M, O Planted Fb, M C - C - C - 1205. 1209. 1210. 1211. 1212. 1213. Agave cantula Roxb. (syn. Agave americana auct. non L.) Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce Limnophyton obtusifolium (L.) Miq. Vitaceae Agavaceae Agavaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak Lamni Alismataceae Ratanpur 1214. Sagittaria guayanensis H.B.K ssp. Lappula (D.Don) Bogin Alismataceae Khuria, Pasan, 1215. Crinum defixum Ker-Gawler Amaryllidaceae Madai, Korbi 91 Cultivated Gardens and wasteland Shallow water along banks of lakes and ponds Marshy places, ponds and ditches Marshy and muddy place along stream and roadsides ditches Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1216. Crinum latifolium L. Amaryllidaceae Amarkantak R M 1217. 1218. Aponogeton undulatus Roxb. Acorus calamus L. Aponogetonaceae Araceae C EN M 1219. Amorphophallus bulbifer (Roxb.) Bl. Araceae Pasarkhet Amarkantak, Lamni Amarkantak, Pasan C F 1220. Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott. Araceae C M, Ms 1221. Colocasia esculenta. (L) Schott (syn. Colocasia antiquorum Schott) Pistia stratiotes L. Araceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Lamni Amarkantak Streams in open places, also introduced in the garden and parks _ Marshy places Shady places inside the forests and around habitation Shady places of the forests. C F, M, Ms Araceae Ratanpur C M Araceae Amarkantak R M Araceae Amarkantak R F, M Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott Phoenix acaulis Roxb. ex Buch.Ham. Araceae Achanakmar Arecaceae Arecaceae 1228. Phoenix humilis Royle var. humilis Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Amadoh, Amarkantak, Chada, Khudia, Lamni, Sarasdol Katghora 1229. Burmannia coelestis D.Don Burmanniaceae 1230. Butomopsis latifolia (D.Don) Kunth Butomaceae 1231. Canna coccinea Mill. Cannaceae 1222. 1223. 1224. 1225. 1226. 1227. Plesmonium margaritiferum (Roxb.) Schott Remusatia vivipara (Roxb.) Schott Arecaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak Lamni Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Katghora Katghora, Pali, Pasan, Semra - 92 Moist shady places of the forests Ponds and slow running streams Shady places of forests Moist shady places of hill slopes Shady places R Sal forests R F, Ms, _ C F, M, Ms Roadsides and villages R F, Ms, T _ R - Shallow water, lakes and ponds Cultivated C - C Fb Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1232. Commelina attenuata J.Koenig. ex Vahl Commelinaceae Madai C F, M 1233. Commelina benghalensis L. Commelinaceae Amarkantak C - 1234. Commelina diffusa Burm.f Commelinaceae - C - 1235. Commelina erecta L. (syn. Commelina undulata R.Br.) Commelinaceae Amarkantak C - 1236. Commelina forsskalaei Vahl Commelinaceae Keonchi, Khuria, Padaria C - 1237. Commelina hasskarlii C.B.Cl. Commelinaceae Amarkantak C - 1238. Commelina paludosa Bl. Commelinaceae Amarkantak C - 1239. Commelina suffruticosa Bl. Commelinaceae - C - 1240. Cyanotis cristata (L.) D. Don. Commelinaceae Amarkantak Forest clearings, leaf litters, under the shade of tree and admist boulders Moist places mostly in alluvial soil, often in wastelands Marshy places, as weed in cultivated fields and mixed forest Muddy soil, marshes and between rocks Embankmen t of ditches and near streams Moist places mostly in semidried drains, along river banks and roadsides Shady places, rock crevices, embankment of drains and as undergrowth in mixed forests Moist shady places of hill slopes, rock crevices and sal forests Moist shady places of sal forest and mixed forest C - 93 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1241. Cyanotis fasciculate (Heyne ex Roth) J.A.Schult Commelinaceae Khondra C - 1242. Floscopa scandens Lour. Commelinaceae Amarkantak C M 1243. Murdannia edulis (Stokes) Faden (Murdannia scapiflora (Roxb.) Royle) Murdannia nudiflora (L.) R. Brenan Commelinaceae Amarkantak Mixed forests, wasteland Muddy soil, near drains and in sandy river beds Undergrowth in sal forests R - Commelinaceae Amarkantak, Pasan C - 1245. Murdannia spirata (L.) Bruckn. Commelinaceae C/R - 1246. Murdannia vaginata(L.) Bruck. Commelinaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Katghora, Keonchi, Khondra, Pasarkhet Amarkantak Roadsides, bund of paddy fields and in sal forests Moist sandy soil and sal forests C - 1247. Tonningia axillaris (L.) Kuntze Commelinaceae Madai C - 1248. Tonningia cucullata (Roth) Kuntze Commelinaceae Pali C - 1249. Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B.Cl. var. barbata Cyperaceae C - 1250. Carex cruciata Wahlenb.var. cruciata Carex speciosa Kunth Carex stramentitia Boott. ex Boeck. Cyperus alulatus Kern Cyperaceae Karidongri, Katghora, Khuria, Pasan Kabirchabutra, Pasarkhet, Madai Amarkantak Amarkantak Moist places and as undergrowth in sal forests Moist shady places Moist places, often in abandoned field edge Roadsides ditches and stream beds _ C Ms _ _ C C/R - Amarkantak, Pasan Amarkantak, Khondra, Kota Moist wastelands Open moist places C M, O R M Pasarkhet, Pasan, Pendra Ratanpur Pasan, Pendra Stagnant water _ Open places and sal forests C - C C Ms 1244. 1251. 1252. 1253. Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae 1255. Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk. ssp. brevifolius (syn. Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.) Cyperus bulbosus Vahl. Cyperaceae 1256. 1257. Cyperus cephalotes Vahl Cyperus compressus L. Cyperaceae Cyperaceae 1254. Cyperaceae 94 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1258. Cyperus difformis L. Cyperaceae Pasan, Pendra C - 1259. Cyperus distans L.f. Cyperaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Khondra , Lamni C - 1260. Mariscus dubius Fischer (syn. Cyperus dubius Rottb.) Cyperus exaltatus Retz. var. exaltatus Cyperaceae Korbi, Lamni, Pasan Amarkantak, Pasarkhet Moist depressions and paddy fields Wastelands and among rock boulders _ R Ms C Ms 1262. 1263. Cyperus flavidus Retz. Cyperus iria L. Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Amarkantak Khuria C C Fb, M 1264. Cyperus kyllingia Endl. (syn. Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R. & G.Forst.) Dandy ex Hutchinson & Dalz. Cyperus latespicatus Boeck. (syn. Cyperus diaphanus Schrad. ex R. & S.) Cyperus michelianus (L.) Link ssp. pygmaeus (Rottb.) Aschers. & Graebn. Cyperus niveus Retz. Cyperaceae C - Cyperaceae Achanakmar, Katghora, Pasarkhet, Marwahi Amarkantak Dried riverbeds and along ponds Open moist places _ Moist shady places C Ms Cyperaceae - C - Cyperaceae Amarkantak, Marwahi, Pasan C - Cyperaceae C - Cyperaceae Kabirchabutra, Lamni, Madai Achanakmar Cultivated fields and stream beds Wastelands, rock crevices and sal forests _ Stream C - Cyperaceae Amarkantak _ C - Cyperaceae Amarkantak, Pasarkhet Pali Throughout Muddy places Ponds Stream and waterlogged areas Wastelands C/R - R C - C C - C - 1261. 1265. 1266. 1267. 1268. 1269. 1270. 1271. 1272. 1273. 1274. 1275. 1276. Cyperus nutans Vahl. var. eleusinoides (Kunth) Koyama Cyperus pangorei Rottb. var. pangorei Cyperus paniceus (Rottl.) Boeck. Cyperus pilosus Vahl Cyperus platystylis R.Br. Cyperus pseudokyllingi-oides Kuekenth. [Syn. Courtoisina cyperoides (Roxb.) Sojak] Cyperus pulchellus R.Br. Cyperus pumillus L. (syn. Pycerus pumillus (L.) Nees ssp. pumilus) Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Lamni Katghora, Khondra, Madai Cyperaceae Amarkantak, Khudia, Lamni, Marwahi, Pasarkhet, Sarasdol 95 Open moist places Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1277. Cyperus sanguinolentus Vahl Cyperaceae Amarkantak C - 1278. Cyperus squarossus L. (syn. Mariscus squarossus (L.) C.B.Cl.) Cyperus tenuispica Steud. Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) K.B. Presl. Cyperaceae Kota, Lormi Muddy places In low-lands C Ms Cyperaceae Moist places C - Cyperaceae Amarkantak, Pasarkhet, Siang Korbi, Pali C - 1281. Eleocharis congesta D. Don Cyperaceae Amarkantak C - 1282. Eleocharis palustris (L.) R.Br. var. palustris Eleocharis retroflexa (Poir.) Urban Fimbristylis acuminata Vahl Cyperaceae Pasarkhet Fallow marshy fields in plains and hills Present in circular clumps in fallow marshy lands, by rivers Drains C - Cyperaceae Katghora Hills C - Cyperaceae _ C - Hills in tropical and sub-tropical regions Plains, river banks/beds Hills, less in plains Wasteland and hill slopes Plains, by river banks Plains, scurb forests C - C - R - C - R - C - R C - C - C - 1279. 1280. 1283. 1285. Fimbristylis aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl var. aestavalis Cyperaceae Katghora, Pali, Pasarkhet Katghora, Khootaghat, Khuria 1286. Fimbristylis bisumbellata (Forsk.) Bub. Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link. Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl Cyperaceae Amarkantak Cyperaceae Pasarkhet Cyperaceae Amarkantak, Madai, Neur Fimbristylis dipsacea (Rottb.) C.B.Cl. Fimbristylis falcate (Vahl.) Kunth Cyperaceae Pasarkhet, Siang Cyperaceae 1291. 1292. Fimbristylis fusca (Nees) C.B.Cl. Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl Cyperaceae Cyperaceae 1293. Fimbristylis ovate (Burm.f.) Kern. Cyperaceae Amarkantak, Marwahi, Pasan, Pendra Achanakmar Kudamura, Pasarkhet Pali 1294. Fimbristylis schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl Cyperaceae Pasarkhet 1284. 1287. 1288. 1289. 1290. 96 Fields and gardens Plains, forest clearings and moist places Roadsides drains Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1295. Fimbristylis tetragona R.Br. Cyperaceae - Fimbristylis tomentosa Vahl Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb. Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Banks of ponds _ Hills C 1296. 1297. R C - 1298. Lipocarpha chinensis (Osbeck) Kern. Cyperaceae Katghora, Pasarkhet Throughout Katghora, Kudmura Amarkantak, Pasarkhet C - 1299. Mariscus compactus (Retz.) Boldingh. Mariscus concinnus Schrader ex Nees Cyperaceae Khondra Marshy places in a around forests, by way sides _ C - Cyperaceae Achanakmar, Lamni, Marwahi, Pasan, Pendra Pasan, Pasarkhet _ C - Moist places in forests, sandy river banks Marshy places C - C - Hills C - Plains to hills C - Marshy areas in hills C - C C Ms - R R C M F, M VU M VU M, Ms C/R M 1300. 1301. Rikliella squarrosa (L.) Raynal Cyperaceae 1302. Scirpus articulatus L. (syn. Schoenoplectus articulatus (L.) Palla) Scirpus juncoides Roxb. (syn. Schoenoplectus juncoides (Roxb.) Palla) Scirpus lateriflorus J.F.Gmelin. [ Syn. Schoenoplectus lateriflorus (J.F. Gmelin) Lye.] Scirpus mucronatus L. (syn. Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla ) Scirpus triangulatus Roxb. Scleria levis Retz. Cyperaceae Keonchi, Lamni Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Lamni, Pasan, Katghora Katghora, Khondra, Pasan Pasarkhet Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Dioscoreaceae 1311. Scleria pergracilis (Nees)Kunth Scleria psilorrhiza C.B.Cl. Dioscorea belophylla (Prain)Voight ex Haines Dioscorea bulbifera L. Amarkantak Amarkantak Amarkantak, Khondra Achanakmar, Amadoh, Amarkantak, Keonchi, Lamni 1312. Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Dioscoreaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Lamni _ Stream in marshy places _ _ Mixed forests Mixed and sal foests and on slopes of embankments Hill slopes and mixed forests 1313. Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Dioscoreaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak Mixed and sal forests 1303. 1304. 1305. 1306. 1307. 1308. 1309. 1310. Cyperaceae Dioscoreaceae 97 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1314. Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Dioscoreaceae Forsts along roadsides C M, F 1315. Dioscorea pubera Bl. Dioscoreaceae Amadoh, Amarkantak, Khondra, Lamni Achanakmar C F 1316. Dioscorea wightii Hook.f. Dioscoreaceae Achanakmar C - 1317. Eriocaulon breviscapum Koern. Eriocaulaceae Amarkantak R - 1318. Eriocaulon cinereum R.Br. (syn. Eriocaulon seiboldianum Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud.) Eriocaulaceae Amarkantak, Khondra, Pasarkhet C - 1319. Eriocaulaceae Amarkantak R - 1320. Eriocaulon longicuspis Hook.f. (syn. Eriocaulon polycephalum Hk.f.) Eriocaulon quinquangulare L. Mixed and sal forests and on hill slopes Mixed dry deciduous forests and along roadsides Flowing stream and drains Moist places along rivers and ponds, some times in paddy fields Swamps Eriocaulaceae Amarkantak C - 1321. Eriocaulon ritchieanum Ruhl. Eriocaulaceae Amarkantak R - 1322. 1323. Blyxa auberti Rich. Blyxa octandra (Roxb.) Planch Hydrocharitaceae Hydrocharitaceae Pasarkhet, Siang Kota C R M 1324. Hydrilla verticiliata (L.f.) Royle Hydrocharitaceae Pasan C Ms 1325. Lagarosiphon alternifolia (Roxb.) Druce Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. Hydrocharitaceae Katghora, Lamni C - Hydrocharitaceae Keonchi, Korba C F, M 1326. 98 Drains, moist swampy marshy places Water logged Ponds Shallow water of ponds and streams Fresh water ponds, ditches, rivers and tanks, often forming dens masses Stagnant water In ponds, lakes and roadside ditches Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1327. Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara Hydrocharitaceae Pali C/R - 1328. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Hypoxidaceae C F, M 1329. Juncus leschenaultia Gay (syn. J. prismatocarpus auct. non R.Br.) Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (syn. Aloe barbadensis Mill.) Juncaceae Amadoh, Amarkantak, Chada, Lamni Amarkantak, Katghora, Pondu Achanakmar, Chada, Lamni Muddy bottom of ponds and ditches Sal and mixed forest Waterlogged fields C/R - Planted Fb, M Asparagus gracilus Royle ex Baker Asparagus racemosus Willd. Liliaceae Amarkantak Cultivated in gardens throughout the BR _ R - Liliaceae Throughout the BR NT M 1333. Chlorophytum arundinaceum Baker Liliaceae F, M Chlorophytum tuberosum (Roxb.) Baker Liliaceae VU F, M 1335. Liliaceae Amarkantak, Katghora VU M 1336. Drimia indica (Roxb.) J.P. Jessop. (syn. Urgenia indica (Roxb.) Kunth) Gloriosa superba L. Amidst rock boulders, in sal forests and on hill tops Sal forests, amidst rock boulders and in open places among grasses _ C 1334. Amadoh, Amarkantak, Chada, Khondra, Lamni Amadoh, Amarkantak, Chada, Lamni, Madai, Pasan, Pendra Amarkantak, Khudia, Lamni Liliaceae Bushes in open forests VU M 1337. Iphigenia indica (L.) A. Gray Liliaceae Amarkantak, Madai, Pasarkhet Achanakmar, Pasarkhet C D 1338. Musa paradisiaca L. (syn. Musa sapientum L.) Musaceae Amarkantak R F, Fb, M 1339. Najas graminea Delile Najadaceae Pasan Among grasses in the forest floor and wastelands Cultivated throughout the BR Tanks, ponds and water logged areas C - 1330. 1331. 1332. Liliaceae 99 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1340. Aerides multiflorum Roxb. Orchidaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak C - 1341. Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindl. Orchidaceae Sonmuda C M 1342. Epipogium roseum (D.Don) Lindl. Eulophia cullenii (Wight) Bl. (syn. E. flava (Lindl.) Hook.f.) Orchidaceae Amarkantak Epiphyte on sal and its associate Leaf litters of forest floor _ R - Orchidaceae Lamni C M 1344. Eulophia herbaea Lindl. Orchidaceae Amarkantak EN M 1345. 1346. Eulophia nuda Lindl. Eulophia spectabilis (Dennst.) Suresh (syn. Eulophia nuda Lindl.) Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. Habenaria dentata (Sw.) Schlecht. Habenaria digitata Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Amarkantak Amarkantak C C M Orchidaceae Pasan C Ms Orchidaceae Achanakmar R M Orchidaceae 1343. 1347. 1348. Humus at the edge of forest and as undergrowth in sal forests Mixed forests Sal forests _ Mixed forests Moist places 1350. 1351. 1352. Habenaria furcifera Lindl. Luisia trichorhiza (Hook.) Bl. Luisia zeylanica Lindl. (syn. Luisia teretifolia Gaud.) Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Achanakmar, Kabirchabutra, Lamni Amarkantak Amarkantak Amarkantak 1353. Malaxis mackinnonii (Duthie) Ames. Oberonia ensiformis (Sm.) Lindl. Oberonia falconeri Hook.f. Orchidaceae Amarkantak Humus soil and moist rocky slopes Sal forests _ Epiphyte on harra and its associate _ Orchidaceae Amarkantak, _ R - Orchidaceae Kabirchabutra C - Orchidaceae C/R - Orchidaceae Amarkantak, Lamni Kabirchabutra Epiphyte on sal and dead tree branches _ C - Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Katghora Amarkantak R R - Orchidaceae Pasarkhet R M Orchidaceae Amarkantak Sandy humus soil Moist places As forest undergrowth Deciduous forests In moist shady places of mixed forests C - 1349. 1354. 1355. 1356. 1357. 1358. 1359. 1360. 1361. Peristylus constrictus (Lindl.) Lindl. Peristylus goodyeroides (D.Don) Lindl. Peristylus lawii Wight Peristylus stocksii (Hook.f.) Kranzl. Pelatantheria insectifera (Reichb.f.) Ridley Platanthera susannae (L.) Lindl. 100 C - R R R M M R - Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1362. Rhynchostylis retusa (L) Bl. Orchidaceae Amarkantak, Pasan R M 1363. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G. Don Orchidaceae Marwahi, Khondra, Pasan C M 1364. Vanda testacea (Lindl.) Rceihb. (syn. Vanda parviflora Lindl.) Acrachne racemosa (Heyne ex Roem. & Schult.) Ohwi Alloteropsis cimicina (L.) Stapf Orchidaceae Kabirchabutra R M Poaceae Lamni C - Poaceae Pasarkhet Epiphyte on mangifera indica and its associates Epiphyte on mangifera indica and its associates Sal and its associates Moist open places Moist open places Wasteland and along water Desiduous forest Sal forest C - C - C Ms C Ms R Ms C/R Ms R - C Ms C Ms C Ms C Ms R Ms C Ms, T C C Ms 1365. 1366. 1367. Alloteropsis semialata (R.Br.) Hitchc Poaceae Amarkantak 1368. Apluda mutica L. Poaceae 1369. Aristida adscensionis L. Poaceae 1370. Aristida cumingiana Trin. et Rupr. Poaceae Amarkantak, Pendra Khootghat, Katghora Amarkantak 1371. Aristida setacea Retz. Poaceae 1372. Arthraxon hookeri (Hack.) Henr. Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst. Poaceae Amarkantak, Pasan, Pasarkhet Amarkantak Poaceae Khondra Poaceae Amarkantak, Khondri, Madai Poaceae Amarkantak Poaceae Poaceae Amarkantak, Kota, Madai Madai Poaceae - Poaceae Poaceae Pasan Amarkantak, Kota, Pali 1373. 1374. 1375. 1376. 1377. 1378. 1379. 1380. Arthraxon quartinianus (A.Rich.) Nash Arundinella pumila (Hochst.ex A.Rich.) Steud. Arundinella setosa Trin. var. lanifera C. E.C. Fischer Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. Bambusa bambos (L.) Vilmorin Bothriochloa glabra (Roxb.) A. Camus 101 Moist deciduous forests Moist deciduous forests _ Wasteland, old walls Old walls, eroded hills and in wastelands during rainy season Tropical region Sub tropical region Sub tropical region Tropical and subtropical region _ Sub tropical region Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Bothriochloa grahamii (Haines) Bor Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S. T. Blake (syn. Bothriochloa intermedia (R.Br.) A.Camus Bothriochloa kuntzeana (Hack.) Henr. Bothriochloa odorata (Lisboa) A. Camus Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus Brachiaria deflexa (Schum.) C. E. Hubb.ex Robyns Poaceae Amarkantak _ Ms Poaceae Amarkantak _ Endemic C Ms Poaceae Amarkantak C Ms Poaceae Amarkantak C - Poaceae Amarkantak C - Poaceae Lamni R Ms Brachiaria distachya (L.) Stapf Brachiaria reptans (L.) C. A. Gard. & C.E. Hubb. Capillipedium assimile (Steud.) A.Camus Poaceae - Subtropical region Subtropical region Subtropical region Shaded places and waysides Sandy dunes C Ms Poaceae Throughout the BR Tropical region C Ms C/R - Capillipedium huegelii (Hack.) Stapf Capillipedium parviflorum (R.Br.) Stapf Chionachne koenigii (Spreng.) Thw. Poaceae Throughout the BR Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Amarkantak Endemic C - Poaceae Amarkantak C/R - Poaceae C/R - 1393. Chloris dolichostachya Lag. Poaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Katghora Achanakmar, Khondra Tropical region Throughout the BR C Ms 1394. Chloris virgata Swartz. Poaceae Throughout C Ms 1395. Poaceae Pali Poaceae Pali, Katghora Poaceae Amarkantak, Pali, Semra 1398. Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. (syn. Andropogon aciculatus Retz) Chrysopogon fulvus (Spreng.) Chiov. Coelachne simpliciuscula (W. & A.ex Steud.) Benth Coix gigantea Koenig. ex Roxb. Poaceae 1399. Coix lacryma- jobi L. Poaceae Amarkantak, Kota, Khondra 1400. Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. Poaceae Amarkantak, Katghora, Keonchi, Katra, 1381. 1382. 1383. 1384. 1385. 1386. 1387. 1388. 1389. 1390. 1391. 1392. 1396. 1397. Poaceae 102 Tropical and subtropicaln region Tropical and sub tropical region Tropical and sub tropical region Throughout the BR Throughout the BR Marshy place near river sides Near water bodies and ravine slopes Grass land of lower slopes C C R C Ms C F, M, Ms C Ms, O Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Cynodon arcuatus J.Presl. ex K. Presl. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Lamni Katghora 1403. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) P. Beauv. Poaceae 1404. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Poaceae 1405. Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf Poaceae 1407. Dichanthium aristatum (Poir.) C.E.Hubb. Poaceae 1408. Diectomis fastigiata (Sw.) Kunth Digitaria abludens (Roem. & Schult.) Veldk. [Syn. Digitaria granularis (Trin.) Henr.] Digitaria bicornis (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. Ex Loud. Poaceae Pasarkhet Poaceae Amarkantak, Khuria, Pasarkhet Throughout, Kota 1401. 1402. 1406. 1409. 1410. 1411. 1412. 1413. 1414. 1415. 1416. Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler [Syn. Digitaria adcendens (Kunth) Henr. ssp. adscendens] Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Pers. Digitaria setigera Roth ex R.&S. Digitaria stricta Roth ex Roem. & Schult. Dimeria connivens Hack. Dimeria ornithopoda Trin.var. ornithopoda Poaceae Amarkantak, Khuria, Pasarkhet, Achanakmar Amarkantak, Karidongri, Pasan Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Lamni Madai Poaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Madai, Katghora, Kabirchabutra, Karidongri, Khondra, Pasan, Semra Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Poaceae Poaceae Amarkantak, Lamni, Pasan, Pali Achanakmar, Amarkantak Amarkantak, Keonchi Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Khondra Poaceae Lafa Poaceae Amarkantak, Katghora, Khondra, Kota 103 Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance _ R - Throughout the BR C M, Ms Cultivated areas and pastures Dry hilly tracts C - C Ms, C - Forest undergrowth C - Along river banks and wasteland Hill slopes C - R - C - Tropical and subtropical plains Plains and hills C - C - Plains C - Wasteland and road sides Hill slopes C - C - C - C - _ _ Forest undergrowth _ Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1417. Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link. Poaceae - Echinocholoa stagnina (Retz.) P. Beauv. Poaceae Moist places in forest and road sides _ C 1418. 1419. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Poaceae Amarkantak, Lamni , Karidongri, Pasan, Parasi, Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Pasan, Semra Amarkantak, Pali , Pasan 1420. Elytrophorus spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus Eragrostiella bifaria (Vahl) Bor Poaceae 1422. Eragrostiella brachyphylla (Stapf) Bor Poaceae 1423. Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud. Poaceae Katghora, Lamni, Pasan, Pendra 1424. 1425. 1426. Eragrostis ciliaris (L.)R. Br. Eragrostis coarctata Stapf Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud. Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin. Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Amarkantak Poaceae Eragrostis nutans (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. Poaceae 1421. Katghora, Keonchi, Pasan Katghora, Madai, Pasarkhet Kota, Pasarkhet, Pasan Poaceae 1430. Eragrostis tenella (L.) P.Beauv. ex R. & S. Poaceae Achanakmar, Katghora, Padaria Amarkantak, Katghora Khondra, Pali, Pasarkhet Lafa, Katghora 1431. Eragrostis tenuifolia Hochst. ex Steud. Poaceae Amarkantak 1432. Eragrostis tremula (Lam.) Hochst. ex Steud. Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. Poaceae Poaceae Katghora, Pali, Pasan Amarkantak, Katghora, Pali, Pasan, Lamni Neura Poaceae Katghora, Madai 1427. 1428. 1429. 1433. 1434. 1435. Eriochloa procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb. Eulalia contorta (Borogn.) Clayton & Renvoize ex Panigr. Poaceae Poaceae 104 Cultivated area, road sides and pastures _ C C M C - Rocky plains and hills C - Plains and waysides grasses Moist places in forest, hills _ _ River banks and streams Marshy plains C - C - C C C - R - Plains R - Hilly area C - Open plains and lower hills, cultivated areas Hill slopes and clearings _ C - R - C - C - R - C - Grassy fields and moist areas Moist locality _ Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1436. Eulalia trispicata (Schult.) Henr. Poaceae Hilly slopes R - 1437. Hackelochloa granularis (L.) O. Ktze. Poaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Siang Amarkantak R - 1438. Hemarthria compressa (L.f.) R.Br. Poaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak C - 1439. Heteropogon contortus L. (P. Beauv.) Poaceae C Ms 1440. Hymenachne pseudointerrupta C. Muell. Imperata cylindrical (L.) P.Beauv. var. major (Nees) Hubb. ex Hubb.& Vaughan Poaceae Amarkantak, Katghora, Kota, Korbi, Khudia, Madai, Sarasdol Amarkantak Fallow cultivated areas Marshy places and near streams Hilly slopes and forest undergrowth Moist localities Open areas in forests R Ms C M, Ms Poaceae Ms Poaceae R Ms 1444. Ischaemum duthiei Stapf Poaceae - Ms 1445. Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. Poaceae Achanakmar, Khondra, Kudmura, Pali C - 1446. Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. Poaceae Amarkantak, Katghora, Kota C Ms 1447. Iseilema laxum Hack. Poaceae C Ms 1448. Iseilema prostratum (L.) Anderss. Leersia hexandra Swartz. Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees Poaceae Hill slopes C Ms Poaceae Poaceae Throughout thr BR Amarkantak, Keonchi Pasan Madai Moist hilly slopes Hills and fallow fields Moist hilly slopes Hilly slopes, cultivated areas in hills, marshy places Near fields in plain areas River banks C/R 1443. Isachne globosa (Thunb.) O. Ktze. Isachne miliacea Roth C C Ms Ms Poaceae Poaceae Amarkantak Kota R C Ms Ms Poaceae Pasan, Khootghat Marshy area Plains and cultivated areas _ On rocky hill slopes _ C Ms Poaceae Amarkantak, Khootaghat, Pasan Way sides, bushes in scrub forests R Ms 1441. 1442. 1449. 1450. 1451. 1452. 1453. 1454. Manisuris C.B.Cl.i (Hack.) Bor Melanocenchris Jacque montii Jaub. & Spach. Mnesithea granularis (L.) Koenig. Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth (syn. Rottboellia perforata Nees) Poaceae Amadoh, Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Lamni, Pasan Amarkantak, Katghora, Pali Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Amarkantak 105 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1455. Ophiuros exaltatus (L.) Kuntze Poaceae Acahanakmar, Khondra C Ms 1456. Oplismenus burmannii (Retz.) P. Beauv. Oplismenus compositus (L.) P.Beauv. Poaceae Amarkantak C Ms Poaceae Amarkantak, Katghora, Kota, Khondra C Ms Amarkantak, Belghana, Kota, Khondra, Lamni Lamni Amarkantak Found as clumps in plains, dry hills Shady hill slopes Shady river banks and forest undergrowth _ R Ms Cultivated _ C - F Ms Forest undergrowth C Ms Marshy places Plains and hills, found in partly submerged condition Plains and hills, found in partly submerged condition Hill slopes and forest undergrowth Fallow lands and forest undergrowth Shaded moist places C Ms C Ms C Ms C Ms - Ms C Ms 1457. 1458. Oryza rufipogon Griff. Poaceae 1459. 1460. Poaceae Poaceae 1461. Oryza sativa L. Panicum walense Mez. (syn. Panicum austro-asiaticum Ohwi Panicum notatum Retz. Poaceae 1462. Panicum paludosum Roxb. Poaceae 1463. Panicum psilopodium Trin. Poaceae 1464. Panicum repens L. Poaceae Amarkantak 1465. Panicum sumatrense Roth ex R. & S. Poaceae 1466. Panicum trypheron Schult Poaceae Amarkantak, Pasarkhet, Tehrapani Amarkantak 1467. Paspalidium flavidum (Retz.) A.Camus Poaceae Amarkantak, , Keonchi, Lamni, Madai, Pasan, Pendra 1468. Paspalidium punctatum (Burm. f.) A.Camus (syn. Panicum punctatum Burm.f.) Poaceae Keonchi, Khondra Plains, near water bodies C Ms 1469. Paspalum commersonii Lam. (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) Poaceae Amarkantak Wet places under sal forest C - Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Madai Katghora, Pasarkhet, Pasan Amarkantak, Pasan 106 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1470. Paspalum vaginatum Swartz. (syn. Paspalum distichum L.) Poaceae Amarkantak, Kota C/R Ms 1471. Pennisetum hohenackeri Hochst ex Steud. Poaceae C Ms 1472. Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin. Poaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Katghora C Ms 1473. Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult. Perotis indica (L.) Kuntze. Poaceae Katghora Tropical and sub-tropical forests, sand binder Water bodies, hilly tract Hill slopes, near marshy places _ C Ms Poaceae Katghora, Karidongri, Pasarkhet Achanakmar, Pasan , Semra Achanakmar Wet or dry sandy soil by ponds Plains, along river banks water falls _ C Ms C Ms C M C M R - 1474. 1475. Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. Poaceae 1476. Pogonatherum crinitum (Thunb.) Kunth Pogonatherum paniceum (Lamk.) Hack. (syn. Pogonatherum saccharoideum P. Beauv.) Poaceae Poaceae Amarkantak, Siang, Korbi Pseudopogonatherum contortum (Brongn.) A.Camus Pseudosorghum fasciculare (Roxb.) A.Camus Rottboellia cochichinensis (Lour.) Clayton Rottboellia exaltata L.f. Poaceae Amarkantak Slopes, rocky substratum, stream banks _ Poaceae Madai Forest edges R - Poaceae - _ C Ms Poaceae Amarkantak Moist places in forests Along road sides, forest edges, damp valleys Waste places marshy areas, river banks C Ms C Ms C Ms 1477. 1478. 1479. 1480. 1481. 1482. Saccharum narenga (Nees ex Steud.) Hack. Poaceae Achanakmar 1483. Saccharum spontaneum L. Poaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak 1484. Sacciolepis indica (L.) A.Chase Poaceae Amarkantak Marshy places,bunds of paddy fields C Ms 1485. Sacciolepis interrupta (Willd.) Stapf Poaceae Keonchi Marshy places C Ms 107 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1486. Sacciolepis myosuroides (R.Br.) A.Chase Poaceae Marshy places C Ms 1487. Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Nees ex Buse Poaceae Amarkantak, Achanakmar, Katghora, Pasarkhet, Pasan Amarkantak, Pasan C Ms 1488. Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilger Sehima nervosum (Rottb.) Stapf Poaceae Pasan Dryer localities in wasteland and forests Open places C Ms Poaceae Lafa C Ms C/R Ms C Ms C Ms C Ms Open grassy Places, hedges and as weeds Cultivated, as scape and wasteland Along streams, slopes and in cultivated fields Rocky slopes and shady places Sandy alluvium in forest edges C Ms C Ms C Ms C/R Ms R - _ C - 1489. 1490. Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov. Poaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra 1491. Setaria intermedia Roem. & Schult. (syn. Setaria tomentosa (Roxb.) Kunth) Poaceae Pasan 1492. Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. Poaceae Amarkantak 1493. Setaria pumila (Poir.)R. & S. (syn. Setaria pallide-fusca (Schum.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb.) Poaceae 1494. Setaria verticilliata (L.) P.Beauv. Poaceae Amarkantak, Karidongri, Lamni, Pasan Lamni 1495. Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host. Poaceae Pasan 1496. Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Poaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Pendra 1497. Sorghum nitidum (Vahl) Pers. Poaceae 1498. Spodiopogon rhizophorus (Steud.) Pilger Poaceae 1499. S. indicus auct. non (L.) R.Br. Poaceae Amarkantak, Achanakmar, Madai Amarkantak, Keonchi, Kabirchabutra, Kota Amadob 108 Open hilly places On slopes and forest edges Grassy places in wasteland and road sides On hill slopes wasteland and road sides Hill slopes and along streams Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance Sporobolus fertilis (Steud.) W.D.Clayton (syn. S. indicus auct. non (L.) R.Br. var. fertilis (Steud.) Jovet & Guedes) Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. Poaceae Keonchi, Khondra, Lamni Moist sandy places C - Poaceae - C Ms 1502. Themeda caudata (Nees) A.Camus Poaceae Lamni R Ms 1503. Themeda laxa (Anderss.) A.Camus Poaceae Achanakmar, Khondra C - 1504. Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) O. Ktze. Poaceae Amarkantak, Pendra C Ms 1505. Themeda triandra Forssk. Poaceae C Ms 1506. Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) O. Ktze. Poaceae - Ms 1507. Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv. Poaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Katghora , Kenda Amarkantak, Achanakmar, Kabirchabutra, Katghora, Lamni Amarkantak C F, Ms 1508. Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Poaceae Khuria, Khondra, Achanakmar C M,Ms, O 1509. Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Persl. ex Kunth Pontederiaceae Amarkantak, Kota, Pasan, Pendra C F, M 1510. Potamogeton crispus L. Potamogetonaceae Khuria - F 1511. Potamogeton nodosus Poir. Potamogetonaceae Khuria C - 1512. Octandrus Poir. (syn. Potamogeton javanicus Hassk.) Smilax perfoliata Lour. Potamogetonaceae Amarkantak Open places, along roads Slopes forest edges and ravines Cultivated fields and open forest Dry situations on slopes and forest edges Mised forest dry areas, slopes Shady slopes ravines and along streams Plains and lower slopes Cultivated fields, open places and forest clearings Common in rice fields and along the margins of ponds, tanks and marshy places Rivers, stream and tanks Ponds, canals, lakes and river banks Ponds R F Smilacaceae - C/R F, M 1500. 1501. 1513. 109 Bushes near stream embankments Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S. N. Name of species Family Distribution Habit/ habitat Status Econo mic Import ance 1514. Smilax zeylanica L. (syn. S. macrophylla Roxb.) Smilacaceae Damp valleys C M 1515. Tacca leontopetaloides (L.)Kuntz. Taccaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Khondra, Lamni Khondra, Lamni C - 1516. Xyris pauciflora Willd. Xyridaceae Katghora, Pasarkhet, Pali C F, M 1517. Costus speciosus (J. Koenig.) Sm. Zingiberaceae VU F, M 1518. Curcuma amada Roxb. Zingiberaceae Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra, Lamni, Madai Madai, Pali Sal and mixed forest clearings Paddy fields and near drains _ C M, O 1519. Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. Zingiberaceae VU M 1520. Curcuma aromatica Salisb. Zingiberaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Khudia, Lamni, Sarasdol Achanakmar C M, Ms 1521. Curcuma caesia L. Zingiberaceae - Moist places between rock boulders or near stream Sandy alluvial soil of river banks Forest clearing _ M, Ms 1522. 1523. Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae R C C F M M 1527. Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Rosc. Zingiberaceae Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Kabirchabutra Amarkantak Amarkantak Achanakmar, Lamni Achanakmar Amarkantak, Khudia, Lamni F, M, O F 1524. 1525. 1526. Curcuma longa L. Globba marantina L. (syn. Globba bulbifera Roxb.) Globba racemosa Sm. Hedychium coronarium Koenig. Zingiber capitatum Roxb. Cultivated, DD C C C M Cultivated Moist places of sal forest Sal forest Moist places Sal and mixed forest Shady places of sal forests C= Common, F=food, M=medicine, Ms= Miscellaneus, O=oil, Ento=Entomopathogenic, Hp= Human pathogen, Pp=Plant pathogen, Pr= Parasitic, Wd= Wood decaying, Fer=Fertilizer, R=Rare, Fb=Fiber, T=Timber, CR= Critically Endangered, LR-nt= Low risk- near threatened, LR-lc= Low risk- least concern, VU= Vulnerable 110 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) Table 2. List of threatened plant species needs protection in BR: As per the above floral documentation of Achanakmar- Amarkantak BR, the following 28 species are found under various categories of threats. As per IUCN norms they have been categorized as Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) and Vulnerable (VU). The BR has one critically endangered, five endangered and twenty two vulnerable plants species. Two of them are ferns. S.N. Name of species Common name Division: Family Category 1 Adiantum capillus veneris L. Hansraj Pteridophyta: Adiantaceae EN 2 Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. - Pteridophyta: Lygodiaceae EN 3 Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees Kalmegh Angiosperm: Acanthaceae VU 4 Peucedanum nagpurense Prain Tejraj Apiaceae VU 5 Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth.ex Kurz Sarpagandha Apocynaceae CR 6 Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Schult. Gurmar Asclepiadaceae VU 7 8 Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Boswellia serrata Roxb. Sheonag Salai Bignoniaceae Burseraceae VU VU 9 Celastrus paniculata Willd. Malkangni Celastraceae VU 10 Terminalia chebula Retz. Harra Combretaceae VU 11 Phyllanthus emblica L. (syn. Emblica officinalis J. Gaertn.) Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) CR. Robins Aonla Euphorbiaceae VU Bija Fabaceae VU Fabaceae VU Maida Lauraceae VU 12 13 14 15 Piper longum L. Lendi peper Piperaceae VU 16 Plumbago zeylanica DC. Chitrak Plumbaginaceae VU 17 Thalictrum foliolosum DC. Mameri Ranunculaceae VU 18 Sterculia urens Roxb. Kullu Sterculiaceae VU 19 Bharangi Verbenaceae EN 20 Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon. Acorus calamus L. Buch Araceae EN 21 Dioscorea bulbifera L. Ratalu Dioscoreaceae VU 22 D. hispida Denn. Karuakanda Dioscoreaceae VU 23 Chlorophytum tuberosum Baker Safed musali Liliaceae VU 111 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. Name of species Common name Division: Family Category 24 Drimia indica (Roxb.) I.P. Jessop (syn.Urgenia indica (Roxb.) Kunth) Jangali Pyaj Liliaceae VU 25 Gloriosa superba L. Kaliyari Liliaceae VU 26 Eulophia herbacea Lindl. Orchidaceae EN 27 Costus speciosus Sm. Keokand Zingiberaceae VU 28 Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. Tikhur Zingiberaceae VU II. FAUNAL RESOURCES The faunal resources available in BR are very rich and varied. They consist of soil microbes, helping in decomposition of forest litter, to macrobes like various groups of arthropods (Shadangi and Nath, 2006), scavengers, phytophagous individuals, carnivores in terrestrial ecosystem and omnivorous to carnivorous aquatic individuals. The species reported from this biosphere reserve by different authorities have been grouped in to: Table 3. Faunal species reported from Achanakmar-Amarkantak BR S.N. A. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B. 6. 7. 8. Name of the species CHILOPODA Scolopendra moraltans Linn. Scolopendra amaxonica (Bucharl.) Cormocephalus dentipes (Pocock) Cormocephalus pilosus Jangl. Rhysida nuda nuda (Newport) BUTTERFLIES Chilasa clytia (Linn.) Graphium nomius nomius(Esper) Papilio polytes romulus Cramer Family Distribution in BR Status Scolopendridae Scolopendridae Scolopendridae Scolopendridae Scolopendridae Ataria, Chhaparwa Amarkantak Amarkantak Amarkantak Amarkantak C C C C C Papilionidae Papilionidae Papilionidae C NR VC 9. Papilio demoleus demoleus Linn. Papilionidae 10. 11. Anapheis aurota aurota (Fabr.) Catopsilia pyranthe pyranthe (Linn.) Catopsilia crocale (Cramer) Catopsilia pomana (Fabr.) Eurema laeta laeta Boisduval Eurema hecabe simulata Moore Danaus genutia (Cramer) Danaus chrysippus chrysippus (Linn.) Danaus limniace leopardus (Butler) Euploea core core (Cramer) Pieridae Pieridae Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar, Amarkantak Achanakmar, Amarkantak, Tilaidabra Achanakmar Achanakmar Pieridae Pieridae Pieridae Pieridae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Achanakmar, Lamni Achanakmar Achanakmar Throughout BR Achanakmar, Lamni Achanakmar VC C C VC VC VC Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Achanakmar Achanakmar C VC 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 112 C C VC Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Family Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Distribution in BR Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Status VC VC C C C C 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. Name of the species Melanitis leda ismene (Cramer) Mycalesis mineus (Linn.) Mycalesis lepcha davisoni Moore Athyma perius (Linn.) Athyma selenophora (Koller) Charaxes fabius cerynthus Fruhstorfer Hypolimnas bolina (Linn.) Hypolimnas misippus (Linn.) Moduza procris procris (Cramer) Neptis hylas Moore Neptis jumbah Moore Phaedyma columella (Cramer) Precis atlites (Linn.) Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar C Lc C C C C C 33. 34. 35. 36. Precis almana almana (Linn.) Precis orithya swinhoei Butler Precis hierta hierta (Fabr.) Precis lemonias lemonias (Linn.) Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae C C C C Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Riodinidae Lycaenidae Lycaenidae Lycaenidae Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar, Chhaparwa Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Lycaenidae Achanakmar C Lycaenidae Lycaenidae Lycaenidae Hesperiidae Hesperiidae Hesperiidae Hesperiidae Hesperiidae Hesperiidae Hesperiidae Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar Achanakmar C C C C C C C C C VC Cossidae Chhaparwa C Cossidae Pyralidae Pyralidae Pyralidae Pyralidae Pyralidae Pyralidae Ataria Tilaidabra Ataria Ataria Tilaidabra Tilaidabra Tilaidabra C C C C C C C 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. Precis iphita iphita (Cramer) Phalanta phalantha (Drury) Symphaedra nais (Forster) Abisara echerius (Stoll) Castalius rosimon rosimon (Fabr.) Euchrysopus phasius Evans Narathura (Eumolphus) amantes (Hewitson) 44. Narathura (Atrax) atrax (Hewitson) 45. Rapala iarbus sorya Koller 46. Spindasis vulcanus vulcanus Fabr. 47. Syntarucus plinius (Fabr.) 48. Badamia exclamationis (Fabr.) 49. Caprona ransonnetti (Felder) 50. Caltoris kumara (Moore) 51. Caltoris farri (Moore) 52. Suastus gremius Fabr. 53. Spialia galaba (Fabr.) 54. Udaspes folus (Cramer) C. MOTH 55. Xyleutes strix (Linnaeus) 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. Zeuzera sp. Agathodes ostentalis Hubner Diaphania indica (Saunders) Nausinoe geometralis (Guenee) Sameodes cancellalis (Zeller) Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricus) Tyspanodes linealis (Moore) 113 C C C C C C C Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. 63. 64. 65. Family Eupterotidae Saturniidae Saturniidae Distribution in BR Chhaparwa Chhaparwa Marwahi Status C C C Geometridae Geometridae Sphingidae Sphingidae Sphingidae Sphingidae Marwahi Chhaparwa Ataria Ataria Ataria Marwahi C C C C C C Sphingidae Sphingidae Sphingidae Ataria Chhaparwa Lamni C C C 75. 76. 77. Name of the species Eupterote sp. Actias selene (Hubner) Antheraea paphia (Linnaeus) (Syn. A. mylitta Drury) Hyposidra talaca (Walker) Macaria faciata (Fabricius) Clanis sp. Marumba dyras dyras (Walker) Oxyambulyx sp. Psilogramma menephron menephron (Cramer) Theretra alecto alecto(Linnaeus) Theretra boisduvali (Bugnion) Theretra oldenlandiae oldenlandiae (Fabricius) Episparis varialis Walker Fodina sp. Paectes subapicalis Walker Noctuidae Noctuidae Noctuidae C C C 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. Polytela gloriosae Fabricius Trisula variegata Moore Euproctis sp. Cerura liturata Walker Phalera raya Moore Mimeusemia sp. Asota caricae (Fabricius) Creatonotus lactineus Cramer Macrobrochis gigas (Walker) Olepa ricini (Fabricius) Phissama transiens (Walker) Parasa sp. Adoretus bimarginatus Ohaus Noctuidae Noctuidae Lymantriidae Notodontidae Notodontidae Agaristidae Hypsiidae Arctiidae Arctiidae Arctiidae Arctiidae Limacodidae Scarabaeidae 91. Adoretus lasiopygus Burmeister Scarabaeidae 92. Adoretus limbatus Blanchard Scarabaeidae 93. Anomala biharensis Arrow Scarabaeidae 94. Anomala dorsalis (Fabricius) Scarabaeidae 95. Anomala ruficapilla Burmeister Scarabaeidae 96. Anomala rugosa Arrow Scarabaeidae 97. Catharsius molossus (Linnaeus) Scarabaeidae 98. Catharsius sagax Queensland Scarabaeidae Chhaparwa Tilaidobra Amarkantak, Jagatpur, Chada Marwahi Chhaparwa Ataria Chhaparwa Ataria Ataria Ataria Ataria Ataria Marwahi Ataria Ataria Achanakmar, Chhaparwa Achanakmar, Chhaparwa Achanakmar, Chhaparwa, Kewachi Achanakmar, Chhaparwa Achanakmar, Marwahi, Kewachi Achanakmar, Chhaparwa Achanakmar, Chhaparwa Achanakmar, Chhaparwa, Lamni Achanakmar, Marwahi, Kewachi 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 114 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. 99. Name of the species Clinteria klugi (Hope) Family Scarabaeidae 100. 101. 102. Gymnopleurus cynaeus (Fabricus) Gymnopleurus gemmatus Harold Gymnopleurus sinuatus (Olivier) Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae 103. 104. Heliocopris bucephalus (Fabricus) Holotrichia problematica Brenske Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae 105. Hybosorus orientalis Westwood Scarabaeidae 106. Mimela inscripta (Nonfried) Scarabaeidae 107. Onthophagus catta (Fabricius) Scarabaeidae 108. Onthophagus bonasus (Fabricius) Scarabaeidae 109. 110. Onthophagus pactolus (Fabricius) Phyllognathus dionysius (Fabricius) Scarabaeus sanctus (Fabricius) Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Newman Alaus sordidus Westwood Cerambycidae 111. 112. 113. D. CRICKET 114. Monster Cricket, Schizodactylus monstrosus (Drury) E. PISCES 115. Giant Snake- head Murrel, Channa marulius (Buch. – Ham.) 116. Air breathing cat fish, Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) 117. Indian Carplet, Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton-Buchanan) 118. Catla, Catla catla (Ham. – Buch.) 119. Mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham. – Buch.) 120. Flying Barb, Esomus danricus (Ham. – Buch.) 121. Bata, Labeo bata (Ham. – Buch.) 122. Orange Fin Labeo or Kalbasu, Labeo calbasu (Ham. – Buch.) 123. Rohu, Labeo rohita (Ham. – Buch.) 124. Olive Carp, Puntius sarana sarana (Ham. – Buch.) 125. Stigma Barb, Puntius sophore Scarabaeidae Cerambycidae Distribution in BR Achanakmar, Chhaparwa, Jhandidongri Achanakmar, Lamni Achanakmar, Lamni Achanakmar, Chhaparwa, Ataria Achanakmar, Ataria Achanakmar, Chhaparwa, Lamni Achanakmar, Chhaparwa Achanakmar, Chhaparwa Achanakmar, Chhaparwa, Motinala Achanakmar, Chhaparwa Achanakmar, Lamni Achanakmar, Chhaparwa, Keonchi Achanakmar, Ataria, Marwahi Achanakmar, Chada, Jagatpur Achanakmar, Chada, Jagatpur Status C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C - Achanakmar R Channidae Achanakmar LR-nt Clariidae Achanakmar VU Cyprinidae Achanakmar LR-lc Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Achanakmar Achanakmar VU LR-nt Cyprinidae Achanakmar LR-lc Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Achanakmar Ponds and dams of BR LR-nt LR-nt Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Dams of Achanakmar Achanakmar LR-nt VU Cyprinidae Achanakmar LR-nt 115 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. Name of the species (Ham. – Buch.) 126. Bar-eyed Goby, Glossogobius giuris (Ham. – Buch.) 127. Nandus nandus (Ham. – Buch) 128. Chital, Notopterus chitala (Ham. – Buch) 129. Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.) 130. Fresh water Shark, Wallago attu (Schneider) F. AMPHIBIANS 131. Indian Skipping Frog, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schneider) 132. Indian Bull Frog, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin) 133. Leith’s Frog, Indirana leithii (Boulenger) 134. Cricket Frog, Limnonectes limnocharis (Boie) Family Distribution in BR Status Gobiidae Achanakmar LR-nt Nandidae Notopteridae Achanakmar Achanakmar LR-nt EN Heteroneustidae Achanakmar VU Siluridae Achanakmar LR-nt Ranidae Chhaparwa, Ataria LR-nt Ranidae Chhaparwa, Ataria VU Ranidae VU 135. Tomopterna breviceps (Schneider) Ranidae 136. Marbled Balloon Frog, Uperodon systoma (Schneider) Hylidae 137. Microhyla ornata (Dumeril and Bibron) Hylidae Diyawan Pahari, Achanakmar Amarkantak Chhaparwa, ManjhiDongri, Manjhi- Dongri, Amarkantak, Chhaparwa Manjhi -Dongri, Amarkantak, Chhaparwa, Lamni Manjhi- Dongri, Amarkantak, Chhaparwa, Lamni Kewachi, ManjhiDongri Amarkantak 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. Indian Tree Frog, Polypedates maculatus (Grey) Sacred Grove Bush Frog, Philautus sanctisilvaticus Das & Chanda Common Asian Toad, Bufo melanostictus Schneider Kollegal ground gecko, Cyrtodactylus collegalensis (Beddome) Hemidactylus brookii Grey Indian Garden Lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin) 144. Psammophilus blanfordanus (Stoliczka) 145. Fan Throated Lizard, Sitana ponticeriana Cuvier 146. Keeled Grass Skink, Mabuya carinata (Schneider) Ranidae Hylidae Hylidae Bufonidae Gekkonidae Gekkonidae Amarkantak, Chhaparwa Manjhi -Dongri VU C LR-nt C LR-lc CR C LR-lc Agamidae Chhaparwa, Maniari river Diyawan VC Agamidae Manjhi- Dongri C Agamidae Marwahi Bharosang, Khudiya dam Chhaparwa, Ataria LR-lc Scincidae 116 C LR-lc Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. 147. Name of the species Bronze Grass Shink, Mabuya macularius (Blyth) 148. Bengal Monitor, Varanus bengalensis (Linnaeus) 149. Indian Rock Python, Python molurus molurus (Linnaeus) 150. Common Indian Krait, Bungarus caeruleus (Schneider) 151. Buf -striped Keelback, Amphiesma stolata (Linnaeus) 152. Bronzeback tree snake, Dendrelaphis tristis Daudin 153. Common Wolf Snake, Lycodon aulicus (Linnaeus) 154. Indian Rat Snake, Ptyas mucosus mucosus (Linnaeus) 155. Checkered Keel-back Water Snake Xenochrophis piscator (Schneider) G. AVES 156. Bar-headed Goose, Anser indicus (Latham) 157. Pintail, Anas acuta Linnaeus 158. Spot Bill Duck, Anas poecilorhyncha poecilorhyncha Forster 159. Gadwall, Anas strepera strepera Linnaeus 160. Common Pochard, Aythya ferina (Linnaeus) 161. White eyed Pochard or Ferruginous Duck, Aythya nyroca (Guldenstadt) 162. Tufted Pochard, Aythya fuligula (Linnaeus) 163. The Cotton Teal, Nettapus coromandelianus (Gmelin) 164. The Comb Duck, Sarkidiornis melanotos (Pennant) 165. Brahminy Duck, Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas) (Syn. Casarca ferruginea (Vroeg.)) 166. The Common Kingfisher, Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus) 167. Lesser-Pied Kingfisher, Ceryle rudis (Linnaeus) 168. The White-breasted Kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus) 169. The Marsh Harrier, Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus) Family Scincidae Status VC Varanidae Distribution in BR Maniyari river, Chhaparwa, Ataria Jhandi road Boidae Khudiya dam, Lamni LR-nt Elapidae Ataria LR-nt Colubiridae Sarasdol road LR-nt Colubiridae Sahastradhara LR-lc Colubiridae Satta pani, Bilaspur LR-lc Colubiridae Ataria LR-nt Colubiridae Bharosang, Marwahi LR-lc Anatidae Maniari Dam C Anatidae Anatidae Maniari Dam C C Anatidae - C Anatidae - C Anatidae - LR-nt Anatidae - C Anatidae Maniari Dam C Anatidae Maniari Dam C Anatidae - C Alcedinidae - C Alcedinidae - C Alcedinidae - C Accipitridae - C 117 VU Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. Name of the species Black-winged Kite, Elanus caeruleus (Desfontaines) Asian White-backed Vulture, Gyps (Pseudogyps) bengalensis (Gmelin) Common Pariah Kite, Milvus migrans govinda (Boddaert) The White Scavenger Vulture, Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus) Indian Black Vulture or King Vulture, Torgos (Sarcogyps) calvus (Scopoli) The Grey Heron, Ardea cinerea (Linnaeus) Purple Heron, Ardea purpurea manilensis Meyen Indian Pond Heron or Paddy Bird, Aredeola grayii grayii (Sykes) Cattle Erget, Bubulcus ibis coromandus (Boddaert) Little Erget, Egretta garzetta garzetta (Linnaeus) Ashy-Crown Finch Lark, Eremopterix grisea (Scopoli) The Crested Lark, Galerida cristata chendoola (Franklin) House Swift, Apus (Micropus) affinis Gray White Rumped Spinetail, Chaetura sylvatica (Tickell) Indian Pied Hornbill, Anthracoceros malabaricus malabaricus (Gmelin) Common Grey Hornbill, Tockus birostris (Scopoli) Stone- Curlew, Burhinus oedicnemus indicus (Salvadori) Great Stone Plover, Esacus magnirostris recurvirostris (Cuvier) Large Cockoo Shrike, Coracina novaehollandia (Gmelin) Orange Minivet, Pericrocotus flammeus flammeus (Forster) Small Minivet, Pericrocotus cinnamomeus cinnamomeus (Linnaeus) Family Accipitridae Distribution in BR - Status C Accipitridae - CR Accipitridae - C Accipitridae - C Accipitridae - LR-nt Ardeidae - C Ardeidae - C Ardeidae - C Ardeidae Lamni, Lormi C Ardeidae Lamni, Lormi C Alaudidae - C Alaudidae - C Apodidae - C Apodidae - C Bucerotidae - C Bucerotidae - C Burhinidae - C Burhinidae - LR-nt Campiphagidae - C Campiphagidae - C Campiphagidae - C 118 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. Name of the species Jack snipe, Capella minima (Brunnich) Black tailed Godwit, Limosa limosa (Linnaeus) Sand Piper, Tringa totanus (Linnaeus) Common Sand Piper, Tringa (Actitis) hypoleucos Linnaeus Red Wattled Lapwing, Vanellus (Lobivanellus) indicus (Boddaert) The Yellow Wattled Lapwing, Vanellus malabaricus (Boddaert) White- necked Stork, Ciconia (Dissoura) episcopus episcopus (Boddaert) Indian Emerald or Bronze winged Dove, Chalcophaps indica indica (Linnaeus) Indian Spotted Dove, Streptopelia chinensis suratensis (Gmelin) Red-Turtle Dove, Streptopelia tranquebarica Hermann Common Green Pigeon, Treron (Crocopus) phoenicoptera phoenicoptera (Latham) Jungle Nightjar, Caprimulgus indicus indicus Latham The Little Indian Nightjar, Caprimulgus asiaticus asiaticus Latham Franklin`s or Allied Nightjar, Caprimulgus affinis monticola Franklin Northern Roller or Blue Jay, Coracias benghalensis benghalensis (Linnaeus) Indian Jungle -Crow, Corvus macrorhynchos Wagler The House Crow, Corvus splendens splendens Vieillot The Tree- Pie, Dendrocitta vagabunda vagabunda (Latham) Indian Cuckoo, Cuculus micropterus micropterus Gould Common Hawk-Cuckoo or Brain fever Bird, Cuculus (Heirococcyx) varius (Vahl) Pied Crested Cuckoo, Clamator jacobinus serratus (Sparrman) Family Charadridae Distribution in BR Status Charadridae - C Charadridae - C Charadridae - C Charadridae - C Charadridae - C Ciconidae - C Columbidae - C Columbidae C Columbidae Chhaparwa, Lamni, Tilaidabra, Shivtarai - C Columbidae Achanakmar, Lamni C Caprimulgidae - C Caprimulgidae Throughout BR C Caprimulgidae - C Coracidae - C Corvidae Throughout BR C Corvidae Amarkantak, Lamni C Corvidae Amarkantak, Jagatpur C Cuculidae - C Cuculidae - C Cuculidae - C 119 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. Name of the species The Crow-Pheasant or Coucal, Centropus sinensis parroti Stresemann The Koel, Eudynamys scolopacea scolopacea (Linnaeus) King Crow or South Indian Black Drongo, Dicrurus adsimilis macrocercus Vieillot (Syn. D. macrocercus Vieillot) Southern Large Racket–tailed Drongo, Dicrurus paradiseus paradiseus (Linneus) Crested Bunting, Melophus lathami (Gray) The Kestrel, Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus The Indian Courser, Cursorius coromandelicus (Gmelin) Saras Crane, Grus (Antigone) antigone (Linnaeus) Dusky Crag Martin, Hirundo (Riparia) concolor Sykes The Indian Wire-tailed Swallow, Hirundo smithii Leach Indian Cliff Swallow, Hirundo fluvicola Blyth Gold fronted Bulbul, Chloropsis aurifrons (Temminck) Gold Mantled Chloropsis, Chloropsis cochinchinensis (Gmelin) The Pheasant- tailed Jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus (Scopoli) The Bronze- winged Jacana, Metopidius indicus (Latham) The Bay- backed Shrike, Lanius vittatus Valenciennes The Rufous- backed Shrike, Lanius schach Linnaeus The River Tern, Sterna aurantia Gray Crimson – throated Barbet Megalaima haemacephala indica (Latham) Large Green Barbet, Megalaima zeylanica caniceps (Franklin) The Common or Green Bee- eater, Merops orientalis Latham Family Cuculidae Distribution in BR - Status C Cuculidae Lamni C Dicruridae - C Dicruridae - C Emberizidae - C Falconidae - C Glareolidae - C Gruidae - VU Hirundinidae - C Hirundinidae - C Hirundinidae - C Irenidae - C Irenidae - C Jacanidae - C Jacanidae - C Lanidae - C Lanidae - C Laridae - C Megalaimidae Or Capitonidae - C Megalaimidae Or Capitonidae Meropidae - C - C 120 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. Name of the species Indian Tree Pipit, Anthus hodgsoni Richmond Paddy Field Pipit, Anthus novaeseelandiae waitei Gmelin The White Wagtail, Motacilla alba alba Linnaeus Yellow- headed Wagtail, Motacilla citreola Pallas The Large Pied Wagtail, Motacilla maderaspatensis Gmelin The Shama, Copsychus malabaricus (Scopoli) (Syn. Kittacincla malabarica (Scopoli)) The Magpie-Robin or Dhayal, Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus) The Blue Rock- Thrush, Monticola solitarius pandoo (Sykes) (Syn. M. solitaria (Linnaeus) Tickell`s Redbreasted Blue Fly catcher, Muscicapa tickelliae tickelliae (Blyth) Tailor Bird, Orthotomus sutorius (Pennant) The Ashy Wren-Warbler, Prinia socialis Sykes Jungle Wren- Warbler, Prinia sylvatica Jerdon White browed Fantail Fly catcher, Rhipidura (Leucocirca) aureola aureola Lesson The Pied Bush- Chat, Saxicola caprata (Linnaeus) The Indian Robin, Saxicoloides fulicata (Linnaeus) Peninsular Indian Paradise Flycatcher, Terpsiphone paradisi (Linnaeus) Purple Sunbird, Nectarinia asiatica asiatica (Latham) (Syn. Cinnyris asiatica (Latham) Purple- Rumped Sunbird, Nectarinia zeylonica (Linnaeus) (Syn. Cinnyris zeylonica (Linnaeus)) Golden Oriole, Oriolus oriolus kundoo Sykes The Black headed Oriole, Oriolus xanthornus (Linnaeus) Family Motacillidae Distribution in BR - Status C Motacillidae - C Motacillidae - C Motacillidae - C Motacillidae - C Muscicapidae Achanakmar C Muscicapidae - C Muscicapidae - C Muscicapidae - C Muscicapidae - C Muscicapidae Amarkantak C Muscicapidae - C Muscicapidae - C Muscicapidae - C Muscicapidae - C Muscicapidae - C Nectariniidae - C Nectariniidae - C Oriolidae - C Oriolidae - C 121 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. Name of the species Indian Grey Tit, Parus major stupae Koelz. Little Cormorant, Phalacrocorax niger (Vieillot) Indian Shag, Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Stephens The Common or Grey Quail, Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus) The Painted Partridge, Francolinus pictus (Jardine & Selby) South Indian Grey Partridge, Francolinus pondicerianus pondicerianus (Gmelin) The Red Jungle-fowl, Gallus gallus murghi Robinson & Kloss The Common Peafowl, Pavo cristatus Linnaeus The Jungle Bush- Quail, Perdicula asiatica asiatica (Latham) Northern or Lesser Goldenbacked Woodpecker, Dinopium benghalense benghalense (Linnaeus) (Syn. Brachypternus benghalensis) (Linnaeus) Rufous-Woodpecker, Micropternus brachyurus phaioceps Blyth Yellow- fronted Pied, Picoides mahrattensis mahrattensis (Latham) (Syn. Dryobates mahrattensis) (Lantham)) Southern Brown-crowned Pygmy Woodpecker, Picoides (Dendrocopos) nanus hardwickii (Jerdon) Indian Pitta, Pitta brachyura brachyura (Linnaeus) Yellow-throated sparrow, Petronia (Gymnorhis) xanthocollis (Burton) The House- sparrow, Passer domesticus (Linnaeus) Family Paridae Distribution in BR - Status C Phalacrocoracidae - C Phalacrocoracidae - C Phasianidae Achanakmar C Phasianidae Achanakmar C Phasianidae Achanakmar C Phasianidae Lamni, Achanakmar C Phasianidae Lamni C Phasianidae - C Picidae Achanakmar, Lamni, Tilaidabra C Picidae - C Picidae - C Picidae - C Pittidae - C Ploceidae - C Ploceidae C The Baya or Common WeaverBird, Ploceus philippinus philippinus (Linnaeus) White- throated Munia, Lonchura (Uroloncha) malabarica(Linnaeus) Spotted Munia, Lonchura (Uroloncha) punctulata punctulata (Linnaeus) Ploceidae Amarkantak, Karanjia, Gorakhpur, Chhaparwa - C Ploceidae - C Ploceidae - C 122 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. 291. 292. 293. Name of the species Dabchick, Podiceps ruficollis capensis (Pallas) The Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri manillensis (Bechstein) Large Indian Parakeet, Psittacula eupatria eupatria (Linnaeus) Southern Blossom- headed Parakeet, Psittacula cyanocephala cyanocephala (Linnaeus) Indian Sandgrouse, Pterocles exustus erlangeri (Neumann) Red- vented Bulbul, Pycnonotus (Molpastes) cafer humayuni Deignan The White- breasted Waterhen, Amaurornis phoenicurus chinensis (Boddaert) Brown Crake Amaurornis akool akool (Sykes) The Coot, Fulica atra atra Linnaeus The Indian Moorhen, Gallinula chloropus indica (Blyth.) Purple Moorhen Porphyrio porphyrio (Linnaeus) Wood snipe, Gallinago nemoricola Hodgson The chestnut- bellied Nuthatch, Sitta castanea Lesson Southern Spotted Owlet, Athene brama brama (Temminck) The Indian Great Horned - Owl, Bubo bubo bengalensis (Franklin) The Brown Fish-Owl, Bubo (Ketupa) zeylonensis leschenault (Gmelin) Southern Mottled Wood-Owl, Strix ocellata ocellata (Lesson) The Jungle Myna, Acridotheres fuscus (Wagler) The Common Myna, Acridotheres tristis tristis (Linnaeus) Black headed Myna, Sturnus (Temenuchus) pagodarum(Gmelin) Large- grey Babbler, Turdoides malcolmi (Sykes) Peninsular Jungle Babbler, Turdoides striatus orientalis (Jerdon) Family Podicipedidae Distribution in BR - Status C Psittacidae - C Psittacidae - C Psittacidae - C Pteroclididae Chhaparwa C Pycnonotidae Amarkantak C Rallidae - C Rallidae - C Rallidae Rallidae - C C Rallidae - C Scolopacidae Amarkantak C Sittidae Amarkantak, Jagatpur C Strigidae - C Strigidae Lamni C Strigidae - C Strigidae - C Sturnidae - C Sturnidae C Sturnidae Amarkantak, Chhaparwa - C Silvidae - C Silvidae - C 123 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. 294. Name of the species Black Ibis, Pseudibis papillosa papillosa (Temminck) 295. The Barn- or Screech- Owl, Tyto alba stertens Hartert 296. The Hoopoe, Upupa epops Linnaeus 297. The White-eye, Zostrops palpebrosa palpebrosa (Temminck) H. MAMMALS 298. Bison, Bos gaurus gaurus Smith Family Threskiormithidae Distribution in BR - Status C Titonidae - C Upupidae - C Zosteropidae - C Bovidae VU 299. Bovidae Achanakmar, Marwahi, Lormi, Lamni Achanakmar LR-lc Bovidae Lamni LR-lc Bovidae Achanakmar, Lamni VU Cervidae LR-lc Cervidae Achanakmar, Manihari river, Lamni Achanakmar, Khudia, Kota, Lamni Lamni, Achanakmar Suidae Canidae Canidae Achanakmar, Marwahi LR-lc Marwahi, Lamni LR-lc Lamni LR-nt Canidae Lamni VU Canidae Lamni LR-nt Felidae Lamni LR-nt Felidae VU Mustelidae Achanakmar, Marwahi, Lamni Achanakmar, Lamni Marwahi, Achanakmar, Lamni Lamni LR-nt Scicuridae Lamni LR-lc Scicuridae Lamni LR-lc 300. 301. 302. 303. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. 311. 312. 313. 314. 315. 316. Nilgai, Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas) Chinkara or Indian gazelle, Gazella dorcas (Linnaeus) Chausingha or Four horned antelope, Tetracerus quadricornis (Blainville) Spotted deer, Axis axis axis (Erxleben) Sambhar, Cervus unicolor niger (Blainville) Barking deer, Muntiacus muntjak (Zimmermann) Wild Boar, Sus scrofa Linnaeus Asian Jackal, Canis aureus Linnaeus Bhediya or Indian Wolf, Canis lupus pallipes Sykes Indian Wild Dog, Cuon alpinus (Pallas) Lomri or Bengal Fox, Vulpes bengalensis (Shaw) Jungle Cat, Felis chaus kutas Pearson Panther or Leopard, Panthera pardus fusca (Meyer) Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus) Lakarbaggha or Striped Hyna, Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus) Bijoo, or Ratel, Mallivora capensis indica (Kerr) Indian Porcupine, Hystrix indica (Kerr) Five striped palm squirrel, Funambulus pennantii (Wroughton) Cervidae Felidae Hynaenidae 124 LR-lc LR-lc EN LR-nt Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. 317. 318. 319. 320. 321. 322. 323. 324. Name of the species Khargosh or Black-naped Hare, Lepus nigricollis (F. Cuvier) Bandar or Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta (Zimmermann) Langoor or Common Langoor, Presbytis entellus (Dufresne) Indian Pangolin, Manis crassicaudata (Grey) Sloth bear Melursus ursinus (Shaw) Chuha or Lesser Bandicoot Rat, Bandicota bengalensis (Gray) Chuchundar or House Shrew, Suncus murinus (Linnaeus) Mouse deer, Moschiola meminna (Erxleben) Family Leporidae Distribution in BR Lamni Status LR-lc Cercopithecidae Lamni, Tilaidabra LR-lc Cercopithecidae LR-lc Menidae Lamni, Achanakmar, Shivtarai, Pateta - LR-nt Ursidae Muridae Marwahi, Lamni - LR-nt LR-lc Soricidae - LR-lc Tragulidae Achanakmar LR-nt C= Common, NR=Not Rare, VC=Very Common, CR= Critically Endangered, LR-nt= Low risk- near threatened, LR-lc= Low risk- least concern, VU= Vulnerable. List of threatened fauna: Out of nearly 89,317 species of animals described from India (Alfred, 1998), 366 species consisting of 148 species of mammals, 138 species of birds, 32 species of reptiles, 3 species of amphibians, 17 species of pisces and 28 species of invertebrates (12 species of insects, 10 species of crustaceans and 6 species of mollusks) are categorized as “threatened” by IUCN (2002). In Achanakmar- Amarkantak BR, about 15% of these threatened species exist in different ranges. These 55 threatened species of animals are reported to be categorised from Lower risk –least concern to critically endangered by different authorities. Table 4. List of threatened fauna from Achanakmar- Amarkantak BR: S.N. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Name of the species Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) Catla catla (Ham.- Buch.) Olive Carp, Puntius sarana sarana (Ham.Buch.) Chital, Notopterus chitala (Ham.- Buch) Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.) Cricket Frog, Limnonectes limnocharis (Boie) Indian Skipping Frog, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schneider) Indian Bull Frog, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin) Leith’s Frog, Indirana leithii (Boulenger) Marbled Balloon Frog, Uperodon systoma (Schneider) 125 Class: Family Pisces: Clariidae Pisces: Cyprinidae Pisces: Cyprinidae Status VU VU VU Pisces: Notopteridae Pisces: Plotosidae EN Amphibia: Ranidae VU Amphibia: Ranidae LR-nt Amphibia: Ranidae VU Amphibia: Ranidae Amphibia: Hylidae VU LR-nt VU Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. Name of the species Indian Tree Frog, Polypedates maculatus (Grey) Sacred Grove Bush Frog, Philautus sanctisilvaticus Das & Chandra Kollegal ground gecko, Cyrtodactylus collegalensis (Beddome) Fan Throated Lizard, Sitana ponteceriana Cuvier Keeled-Grass Skink, Mabuya carinata (Schneider) Bengal Monitor, Varanus bengalensis (Linnaeus) Indian Rock Python, Python molurus molurus (Linnaeus) Common Indian Krait, Bungarus caeruleus (Schneider) Buf-striped Keelback, Amphiesma stolata (Linnaeus) Bronze backed tree snake, Dendrelaphis tristis Daudin Common Wolf Snake, Lycodon aulicus (Linnaeus) Indian Rat Snake, Ptyas mucosus mucosus (Linnaeus) Checkered Keelback Water Snake Xenochrophis piscator (Schneider) White eyed Pochard, or Ferruginous Duck, Anthya ferina (Linnaeus) Asian White-backed Vulture, Gyps (Pseudogyps) bengalensis (Gmelin) Indian Black Vulture, or King Vulture, Torgos (Sarcogyps) calvus (Scopoli) Great Stone Plover or Beach Thick- Knee, Esacus magnirostris, recurvirostris (Cuvier) Saras Crane, Grus (Antigone) antigone (Linnaeus) Gaur, Bos gaurus gaurus Smith. Nilgai, Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas) Chinkara or Indian gazelle, Gazella dorcas (Linnaeus) Chausingha or Four horned antelope, Tetracerus quadricornis (Blainville) Indian Wild Dog, Cuon alpinus (Pallas) Asian Jackal, Canis aureus Linnaeus Indian Wolf, Canis lupus pallipes Sykes Lomri or Bengal Fox, Vulpes bengalensis (Shaw) Bandar or Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta (Zimmermann) 126 Class: Family Amphibia: Hylidae Status LR-lc Amphibia: Hylidae CR Reptilia: Gekkonidae Reptilia: Agamidae LR-lc Reptilia: Scincidae LR-lc Reptilia: Varanidae VU Reptilia: Boidae LR-nt Reptilia: Elapidae LR-nt Reptilia: Colubridae LR-nt Reptilia: Colubridae LR-lc Reptilia: Colubridae LR-lc Reptilia: Colubridae LR-nt Reptilia: Colubridae LR-lc Aves: Anatidae LR-nt Aves: Accipitridae CR Aves: Accipitridae LR-nt Aves: Burhinidae LR-nt Aves: Gruidae VU Mammalia: Bovidae Mammalia: Bovidae Mammalia: Bovidae VU LR-lc LR-lc Mammalia: Bovidae VU Mammalia: Canidae Mammalia: Canidae Mammalia: Canidae Mammalia: Canidae VU LR-lc LR-nt LR-nt Mammalia: Cercopithecidae LR-lc LR-lc Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) S.N. 39. Name of the species Langoor or Common Langoor, Presbytis entellus (Dufresne) Spotted deer, Axis axis axis (Erxleben) 40. Sambhar, Cervus unicolor niger (Blainville) 41. Barking deer, Muntiacus muntjak (Zimmermann) Jungle Cat, Felis chaus kutas Pearson Panther or Leopard, Panthera pardus fusca (Meyer) Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus) Lakarbaggha or Striped Hyna, Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus) Khargosh or Black-naped Hare, Lepus nigricollis (F. Cuvier) Indian Pangolin, Manis crassicaudata (Gray) Chuha or Lesser Bandicoot Rat, Bandicota bangalensis (Gray) Bijoo, or Ratel, Mallivora capensis indica (Kerr) Indian Porcupine Hystrix indica (Kerr) 38. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 53. 54. Five striped palm squirrel, Funambulus pennantii (Wroughton) Chuchundar or House Shrew, Suncus murinus (Linnaeus) Wild Boar, Sus scrofa Linnaeus Mouse deer, Moschiola meminna (Erxleben) 55. Sloth bear Melursus ursinus (Shaw) 51. 52. Class: Family Mammalia: Cercopithecidae Mammalia: Cervidae Mammalia: Cervidae Mammalia: Cervidae Mammalia: Felidae Mammalia: Felidae Status LR-lc Mammalia: Felidae Mammalia: Hynaenidae Mammalia: Leporidae Mammalia: Menidae Mammalia: Muridae EN LR-nt Mammalia: Mustelidae Mammalia: Scicuridae Mammalia: Scicuridae Mammalia: Soricidae Mammalia: Suidae Mammalia: Tragulidae Mammalia: Ursidae LR-nt LR-lc LR-lc LR-lc LR-nt VU LR-lc LR-nt LR-lc LR-lc LR-lc LR-lc LR-lc LR-nt LR-nt 3. SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION PUBLISHED I. Floral Resources 1. Shettyi, P.K. 1957. Soil fungal flora of two forest compartments of Amarkantak, M.P. Bull.Bot. Soc.Univ. Saugar, 9: 40-47. Abstract: Author collected soil fungi from two forest compartments of Amarkantak, isolated them and identified. 2. Saxena, H.O. 1970. The flora of Amarkantak, M. P. Bull. Bot. Sur. India, 12 (1-4): 37-66. Abstract: The paper deals with the flora of phanerogams and pteridophyte of Amarkantak plateau. The total number of species enumerated in this paper is 635 (Angiosperms 612, 127 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) Gymnosperms 2 and Pteridophytes 21), of which, 7 species are new for central India and 14 for Madhya Pradesh. 3. Chaturvedi, J.K.1982. Tropical pines in Madhya Pradesh. Indian Forester, 108 (2): 163170. Abstract: Tropical pines were first introduced in Amarkantak region of Madhya Pradesh in 1968 by the State Forest Research Institute. Numbers of experiments were conducted at Amarkantak on choice of species, spacement, fertilizer application and technique of planting. Based on the data obtained, tropical pines were raised over an area of 230 ha and 1356 ha under research trials and pilot plantations respectively in Bastar. Tentative conclusions have been drawn from a number of experiments. Tests have shown the suitability of tropical pines for pulpwood. Growth data has confirmed the fast growth of species and its increased out turn per hectare has encouraged the prospects of a paper industry in the region. 4. Soni, K. K., Dadwal, V.S. and Jamaluddin.1984. A new species of Cercosporidium from India. Curr. Sci., 53 (16): 877-878. Abstract: During studies on parasitic fungi of Madhya Pradesh, a parasitic fungus was collected on leaves of Helicteres isora L. from Amarkantak forest. Microscopic examinations revealed it to be a new species of Cercosporidium. It was named as C. helicteretis and confirmed by CMI to be a new species. 5. Yadav, V. K., Khare, P. K. and Mishra, G. P. 1986. Effect of tree girth on seed viability and germination in Sal. J Trop. For., 2 (2): 160-163. Abstract: Seeds of sal from trees of different girth classes were examined in laboratory to establish the relationship between age and viability and germination. Results of experiments revealed higher viability and germination in seed from middle girth class trees. Statistical analysis also showed significant difference in germination in seed from different girth class. 6. Prasad, Ram and Pandey, R. K. 1987a. Survey of medicinal wealth of central India: I. Potential of indigenous medicinal plants in natural forests of eastern Madhya Pradesh. J Trop. For., 3 (4): 287-297. Abstract: Based on the botanical survey of six sites viz; Amarkantak, Amadoh, Lamni, Achanakmar, Motinala and Chada (Baiga chak), all contain dense sal forest and inhabited by some of the most primitive tribes of this country, it is reported that all the inhabitants use many plants as medicines, spices, fruits and as a food supplement, especially during the period of food shortages. Commercial exploitation of forests and biotic factors such as excessive grazing, fire, illicit cutting, etc. has accelerated the pace of destruction of these useful plant habitats. Many plant species have disappeared while many more are getting threatened. This paper highlights the implication of forest destruction to the tribals and advocates for the preservation and propagation of threatened plant species. 128 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) 7. Prasad, Ram and R.K.Pandey.1987b.Vegetation damage by frost in natural forest of M.P. J Trop. For., 3 (3):273-278. Abstract: In the study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the extent of frost damage to the natural vegetation of Achanakmar and Lamni of Bilaspur district and Khandoli and Amarkantak of Shahdol district. The observations showed that sal is the least affected, while Casearia graveolens, Lagerstoemia parviflora, Litsea glutinosa, Kydia calycina and Ziziphus xylopyra are the most sensitive species in Achanakmar range. The impact of frost was more pronounced in open patches than in continuous forest belt. Emblica officinalis, Azadirachta indica. Lagerstoemia parviflora, Bombax ceiba, Cassia siamea, Ficus glomerata, Mangifera indica, Madhuca indica, Terminalia tomentosa, Ipomoea spp. were the species, which were subjected to maximum damage and 60-100 % foliage was damaged. Seedling damage by frost was noticed in Terminalia tomentosa, T. arjuna, Emblica officinalis, Ipomoea sp., etc. 8. Prasad, Ram and Pandey, R.K. and Singh, S.P. 1988. Survey of medicinal wealth of central India: II Ethno-medico botanical studies of indigenous plants by local tribes. J Trop. For., 4 (3): 236 – 241. Abstract: A large number of tribal communities live in remote and accessible parts of the state using an enormous range of wild plants for their food, medicine, fibre, shelter, etc. and are still dependent on plants for their daily needs and livelihood. The knowledge acquired by tribal people on several plants growing in natural sources around them, often as a result of thousands of years of experience living with forests, is certainly indispensable for the better management of tropical natural forests. A large number of wild medicinal plants in natural forests of Madhya Pradesh require adequate attention about their preservation and further propagation under natural conditions. Moreover, there is greater need to survey the natural habitat of wild medicinal plants which are still unknown in respect of their medicinal values. Considering the importance of wild medicinal plants in natural forests, a list of some valuable medicinal plants which are also being used by local habitant tribes around the forests encountered during survey is presented. 9. Harsh, N.S.K., Tiwari, C.K. and Jamaluddin, 1989. Prospects of wild edible fungi as minor forest produce in Madhya Pradesh. Paper presented in National Seminar on minor Forest Produce and Tribal development held on 19-20 October 1989 at Institute of Deciduous forests, Mandla Road, Jabalpur. Abstract: The authors surveyed Mandla, Balaghat, Shahdol and Rajnandgaon districts of Madhya Pradesh and found that two edible fungi, Scleroderma texense and Termitomyces albuminosa were being sold by local tribal during June- July. Among these two species of mushrooms, Termitomyces albuminosa was found to be suitable for longer storage by drying them under sun. 10. Panigrahi, G. and Murti, S. K. 1989. Flora of Bilaspur. Vol. I., Botanical Survey of India, P8, Brabourne Road, Kolkata, 396p. 129 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) Abstract: This first volume of Flora of Bilaspur district consists of description and distribution of species collected from the entire district. The introductory chapter covers aspects of economic plants, medicinal plants, and other information regarding plants used in the district. It covers families Ranunculaceae, Dilleniaceae, Annonaceae, Menispermaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Nelumbonaceae, Papaveraceae, Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, Violaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Polygalaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, Linaceae, Geraniaceae, Oxalidaceae, Balsaminaceae, Rutaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Olacaceae, Celastraceae, Rhamnaceae, Vitaceae, Leeaceae, Sapindaceae, Anacardiaceae, Moringaceae, Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae, Rosaceae, Crasullaceae, Droseraceae, Combretaceae, Myrtaceae, Lecythidaceae, Melastomaceae, Lythraceae, Punicaceae, Onagraceae, Trapaceae, Turneraceae, Passifloraceae, Caricaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Begoniaceae, Cactaceae, Molluginaceae, Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Alangiaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Stylidiaceae, Campanulaceae, Lobelliaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Primulaceae, Myrsinaceae, Sapotaceae, Ebenaceae, Symplococaceae, Oleaceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Buddlejaceae, Loganiaceae, Gentiaceae, Menyanthaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Boraginaceae and Convolvulaceae. 11. Jamaluddin, Dadwal, V. S and Soni, K. K. 1990. Susceptibility of different provenances of Pinus roxburghii to Cercospora needle blight at Amarkantak (M.P.). Indian Forester, 116 (1):5861. Abstract: The studies on needle blight disease caused by Cercospora pini-densiflorae in different provenances of Pinus roxburghii, exhibited that there was no mortality in plants of Supkhar (MP) origin and Rohri (HP) origin, whereas other provenance were highly susceptible to this infection. The heavily infected plants also exhibited a greater number of stomata and conidia in the needles. The size and septation of spores obtained from infected needles of different provenances also vary. The germination of conidia was very less or negligible in distilled water. The addition of glucose increased the higher percentage of germination. Bavistin and diathane M- 45 at 0.2 per cent concentration considerably checked the germination of different provenances under study. Fytolan at 0.2 per cent failed to check the germination but the germination was minimized to a considerable extent. On basis of the susceptibility of different provenances of P. roxburghii for C. pinidensiflorae, it is recommended that the plants of Supkhar (MP) origin have developed a high tolerance to needle blight fungus as compared to other provenances. The plants of this origin may be used for plantation in Madhya Pradesh. 12. Dadwal, V. S. and Jamaluddin, 1991. Unrecorded diseases of Grevillea pteridifolia. J Trop. For., 7 (3):248-249. Abstract: Grevillea pteridifolia, one of the largely grown exotic species raised in nursery by State Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur to plant the mined out areas of Amarkantak suffers from diseases like root rot and leaf spots. It is recorded that charcoal root rot is caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and leaf spots were caused by Phoma sorghina, P. glomerata, Cytospora sp. and Pestallotiopsis sp. These diseases are transmitted from nursery to field and affect the growth. 130 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) 13. Chakraborty, L., Panwar, S.K. and Shukla, R.V. 1991. Effect of closure on soil properties and its fungal population in sal forest. J Trop. For., 7 (1):51-61. Abstract: During the course of this study, an extensive survey of fenced and unfenced area of dry peninsular sal forests of Achanakmar and Lamni ranges of Biosphere Reserve was made to investigate the fungi population in relation to the fertility of soil. In all, 85 fungal species isolated from fenced and unfenced area to correlate various factors involved in degradation in soil and its vegetation cover. Thus, it was concluded that fungi are responsible to improve the physico-chemical properties of soil, resulting in over all improvement in soil fertility and productivity. 14. Prasad, Ram and Danayak, S.C. 1992. Performance of tropical pines in Amarkantak area of Madhya Pradesh. J Trop. For., 8 (3): 208-210. Abstract: Tropical pines were tried on Amarkantak plateau at the trijunction of Shahdol, Mandla and Bilaspur districts of undivided Madhya Pradesh. These plantations were raised after clearing low level sal (Shorea robusta) forests in 1972. Performance of different pines was judged on the basis of their survival, height and breast height girth. Overall picture indicates the suitability of Pinus caribaea followed by Pinus kesiya and P. roxburghii. Fruiting of P. caribaea has not been observed even after 20 years of plantation. The two other species are however fruiting regularly. 15. Harsh, N. S.K., Rai, B.K. and Ayachi, S.S., 1993. Forest fungi and tribal economy – a case study in Baiga tribes of M.P. J Trop. For., 9 (3): 270-279. Abstract: The paper deals with market assessment and business potential of six edible fungi (mushrooms) viz., Astraeus hygrometricus, Mycena sp., Mycenastrum corium, Podabrella microcarpa, Russula sp., and Termatomyces heimii marketed in local weekly markets (bazaar) of some places in Baiga tribal belt of Madhya Pradesh. 16. Jamaluddin, Nath, V. and Namdeo, R.K. 1993. Studies on diseases of some important medicinal plants. J Trop. For., 9 (1): 94-96. Abstract: Besides, many species of fungi causing damage to nine species of medicinal plants cultivated at various localities including at Amarkantak and Lamni, a leaf spot and blight caused by Alternaria alternata recorded for the first time on Hedychium spicatum (Gulbakawli), Indigofera tinctoria (Neel) and Acorus calamus (Bach) between August and January. 17. Prasad, Ram and Pandey, R.K. 1993. Ethno-medico botanical studies of Indigenous plants of Lamni and Achanakmar forest of Bilaspur district of Madhya Pradesh. J Trop. For., 9 (1): 27-40. Abstract: A large number of wild-medicinal plants in natural forests of the Achanakmar and Lamni require adequate attention for preservation and further regeneration under natural conditions. There is greater need of survey of the natural habitats of the wild 131 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) medicinal plants and their mode of use to cure various ailments by tribal people of the locality. Keeping this view in mind, an ethno-botanical survey has been made by the authors in different seasons of 1986-90. In all, a total of 113 plant species of medicinal value belonging to 49 families, encountered during survey. 18. Shukla , P.K. and Pandey, R.K. 1993. Tribal life and forest: A case study of selected forest villages in Dindori, Tahsil of Madhya Pradesh. J Trop. For., 9 (4): 287-306. Abstract: Authors studied the socio-economic status, occupation pattern and dependence on forests of Baiga and Gond in Chada, Tantar, Silpiri and Tharpathra villages of Bajag Forest Range in buffer zone of Biosphere Reserve. It was reported that 61.6 per cent of the total income of the inhabitants was on collection of minor forest produce and other forestry works. The income from the cultivation of crop was recorded only 38.4 percent of the total income. 19. Verma, D.M., Balakrishnan, N.P. and Dixit, R.D. 1993. The Flora of Madhya Pradesh. Vol. I. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, 668 p. Abstract: The first volume of Flora of Madhya Pradesh deals with an account of 102 species of pteridophytes belonging to 51 genera and 36 families and 874 species of angiosperms belonging to 407 genera and 83 families’ viz. Ranunculaceae, Dilleniaceae, Magnoliaceae, Annonaceae, Menispermaceae, Berberidaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Papaveraceae, Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, Violaceae, Bixaceae, Cochlospermaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Pittosporaceae, Polygalaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Portulaceae, Tamaricaceae, Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae, Theaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, Linaceae, Malphigiaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Geraniaceae, Oxalidaceae, Averrhoaceae, Balsaminaceae, Rutaceae, Simaroubaceae, Balatinaceae, Ochnaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Olacaceae, Opiliaceae, Celastraceae, Rhamnaceae, Vitaceae, Leeaceae, Sapindaceae, Sabiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Moringaceae, Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae, Rosaceae, Vahliaceae, Crasullaceae, Droseraceae, Halograceae, Callitrichaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Combretaceae, Myrtaceae, Lecythidaceae, Melastomaceae, Lythraceae, Punicaceae, Onagraceae, Trapaceae, Turneraceae, Passifloraceae, Caricaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Begoniaceae, Cactaceae, Aizoaceae, Molluginaceae, Apiaceae, Cornaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Stylidaceae, Campanulaceae and Plumbaginaceae. It describes collection from undivided Madhya Pradesh. 20. Tiwari, K.P., Pandey, R.K., Date, G.P., Prasanth, K.P. and Goswami, A.1995. Preliminary Project Report on Flora of Amarkantak for Detailed Project Formulation to Constitute Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. State Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 94 p. Abstract: This preliminary study formed part of a project to inventorize the flora and vegetation communities of Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve falling in four forest divisions, i.e. Dindori (Karanjiya range), Bilaspur (Lamni, Achanakmar, Lormi, Kota and Khudia range), north Bilaspur (Pendra and Kenda range) and south Shahdol (Rajendragram range) of Mandla, Bilaspur and Shahdol district respectively. The analytical characters viz., density and frequency of plant associates at different localities of ten ranges of proposed area, were 132 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) calculated on the basis of different data collected through quadrat method (quadrat size 50X50m). Quadrat were laid out at each grid e.g. 1 km apart in all ten ranges viz., Karanjia, Lamni, Achanakmar, Lormi, Kota, Khudia, Pendra, Belghana and Amarkantak. The tree density ranged between 588 trees/ha in Pendra to 1932 trees/ha in Lormi. The regeneration status was recorded in 11 species in Pendra to 45 species in Achanakmar whereas the density for seedlings and saplings between 6200 plants/ha to 26023 plants/ha. The total number of species recorded was 930 belonging to 543 genera and 151 families of bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms. 21. Jamaluddin and Chandra, K. K. 1997. Distribution of VAM fungi in bauxite mine overburden plantation of Amarkantak (M.P.), Indian Forester, 125 (5): 412-418. Abstract: The study of VAM fungi was made in the plantations under taken in bauxite mine area. Initially bauxite mine overburden soil is deficient in VAM fungi but the plantations enhanced the VAM population. The VAM colonization and spore density varied in different species even in different age group. The population of VAM fungi was more in undisturbed plantation in forest area, followed by plantation undertaken in the degraded forest as compared with the species planted after mining. 22. Mudgal, D., Khanna, K.K. and Hajra, P.K.1997. The Flora of Madhya Pradesh. Vol. II, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, 681 p. Abstract: This volume of Flora of Madhya Pradesh deals with the account of 792 species of angiosperms belonging to 320 genera and 51 families, viz. Primulaceae, Myrsinaceae, Theosphrastaceae, Sapotaceae, Ebenaceae, Symplococaceae, Oleaceae, Salvadoraceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Loganaceae, Buddlejaceae, Gentianaceae, Menyanthaceae, Polemoniaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Boraginaceae, Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Orobranchaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Gesneriaceae, Bignoniaceae, Pedaliaceae, Acanthaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Basellaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Polygonaceae, Podostemaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Piperaceae, Lauraceae, Proteaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Loranthaceae, Santalaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Urticaceae, Ulmaceae, Cannabaceae, Moraceae, Casurinaceae, Salicaceae and Ceratophyllaceae. 23. Shadangi ,D.K., Kunnikanan, C., Totey N.G., 1997. Floristic Observation in Kapildhara (Amarkantak). Vaniki Sandesh, 21 (2), 8-11. Abstract: Amarkantak region is highly disturbed due to intense biotic pressure and excavation of bauxite. Valleys are rich in biodiversity. Many rare/ endangered plant species like Ceropegia hirsuta listed in red data book occur in Kapildhara valley and need in-situ as well ex-situ conservation. 24. Sharma, M.C. Masih, S.K. and Sharma, C.B. 1997. Participation in collection of NTFP’s and their share in tribal economy. J Trop. For., 13 (4): 220-225. Abstract: A comparative study of participatory involvement of villagers in collection of various NTFP species and income realization from their sale on Amarkantak Plateau 133 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) revealed that 56 percent house holds were involved in collection of NTFP’s. It was noticed that there was equal participation by males, females and children. Total income realized from sale of NTFP’s was found to increase from core to distanced villages. Share of each species of NTFP is discussed in this paper. 25. Tiwari, K.P., Choubey, O.P. and Patil, M. 1999. Study The Impact Of Biotic Pressure Within The Protected Area of Achanakmar Sanctuary and to Suggest Remedial Measures. Report Submitted To MP Forestry (Wildlife) Project, Bhopal.192pp. Abstract: Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary is situated on the Bilaspur- Amarkantak state highway and is surrounded by both natural and artificial boundaries. Human activities in the area have sored in recent decade, contributing to rapid deforestation, site degradation and fragmentation of natural habitats of wild animals. Heavy vehicles are plying day and night through this area. A large number of cattle camps harboured inside the sanctuary area are posing serious threats to the ecosystem of this area. Over exploitation of NTFP’s from this area has altered the composition of the forest and fragmented wildlife habitats. Socio economics of 67 villages were found dependent either partially and fully on the Sanctuary. They harvest fuelwood, timber, and bamboos for their own consumption and livelihood. Cattles incore and buffer areas are totally depending on forests for grazing. No stall feeding is practiced in the area. Extraction of fuel wood and NWFP’s per annum from the area was computed to be 27,118 t. and 4167 t. respectively. Practice of extraction of wood and non-wood forest produce in the area is very crude and un-scientific resulting into poor regeneration potential of site and depletion of various forest species. Van haldi (Curcuma aromatica) was found locally restricted in the Haldikacchar area near Chhirhatta village only. Over use of NWFP’s has resulted to restricted distribution of safed musli, mahul patta, tikhur, Asparagus racemosus, Dioscoreas, Pueraria tuberosa (Patal kumbhra) in the area. Unscientific extraction of aonla fruits by lopping, branch cutting and even tree cutting also resulted to affect its phenological behaviour adversely. Density of aonla trees was reported reduced considerably. Cattle camps were found exerting tremendous damage to the biodiversity of the region and reducing productivity potential of the site. The authors have suggested ex-situ cultivation of non-wood forest produce like safed musli, tikhur, mahul patta, char, aonla, baichandi, bamboos, Diosoreas, etc. to minimize pressure on wild resources. Rehabilitation of cattle camps, check of illegal removal of forest produce, need of a well defined utilization and marketing policy to enhance the economy of user groups are the other methods suggested. 26. Murti, S. K. and Panigrahi, G. 1999. Flora of Bilaspur Vol. II. Botanical Survey of India, P8, Brabourne Road, Kolkata. pp 396 - 906. Abstract: This volume comprises of the taxonomic descriptions of the species belonging to families Solanaceae to Poaceae along with references and combined index of the species. The families included in this volume are Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Orobranchaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Bignoniaceae, Pedaliaceae, Acanthaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Polygonaceae, Lauraceae, Loranthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Urticaceae, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, Salicaceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Burmanniaceae, Orchidaceae, Zingiberaceae, Musaceae, Cannaceae, Iridaceae, Agavaceae, Taccaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Liliaceae, 134 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) Ponteridaceae, Commelinaceae, Juncaceae, Arecaceae, Typhaceae, Araceae, Lemnaceae, Alismataceae, Limnocharitaceae, Najadaceae, Aponogetonaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae. 27. Tiwari, H. C., Dobhal, R. P., Masih, S. K. and Sharma, C. B. 2000. Trade of non - timber forest products on Amarkantak plateau. J Trop. For., 16 (1): 39-43. Abstract: A survey of all 22 important traders involved in trade of NTFP on Amarkantak plateau in M.P. revealed that 8284.47 tonnes of NTFP’s with economic worth of Rs. 2.70 crore are traded by these traders. Trade profile shows that 65% of total trade involves only Mahul leaves. Two third traders are from 5-20 years of trade of NTFP’s. There is large gap between quantities of NTFP’s traded in primary weekly tribal markets and quantities traded by NTFP’s traders. 28. Chaubey, O.P., Pandey A., Dixit, S., Patil M., 2001. Achanakmar Abhayaran Mein Jaiv Vividhtayon Ka Mulyankan.(In Hindi). Vaniki Sandesh, 25 (3): 14-21. Abstract: The authors surveyed Achanakmar and Lamni areas and recorded 129 genera and 172 species of plants belonging to 53 families. In all, 90 species of trees observed in the entire study area. The density of tree species recorded as an average of 836 trees/ ha. The regeneration of sal, tendu and Mallotus philippensis was found dominant on other species at all the places under study. Commercially important plant species have been observed restricted to certain localities due to their over exploitation. 29. Shadangi, D. K., Totey, N.G., and Banerjee, S. K. 2001. Ground flora productivity in plantation and natural forest in Amarkantak. Adv. For. Res. India, 24: 228-245. Abstract: The variation in species, biomass, net community productivity (NCP) and rate of production of ground flora under Eucalyptus and pines plantation and natural sal (Shorea robusta) forest at Amarkantak (M.P.) had been studied. During rainy season, maximum species were recorded under natural sal forest (26), whereas those under Eucalyptus (21) and pines (19). The highest IVI of the species under Eucalyptus, pines and natural sal forests were A. conyzoides, Adiantum sp. and Ophioglossum reticulatum, respectively. Average biomass of ground flora under Eucalyptus was higher than that under sal and pines during period I (rainy season) and period II (winter season). During period III (summer season) it was higher under sal forest. Net community production and rate of production of ground flora showed negative value during period II under Eucalyptus and pines, but under sal it was positive. 30. Singh, N.P., Khanna, K.K., Mudgal, D. and Dixit, R.D. 2001. The Flora of Madhya Pradesh. Vol. III. Botanical Survey of India, P-8, Brabourne Road, Kolkata, 587pp. Abstract: The 3rd volume of Flora of Madhya Pradesh, deals with an account of 706 species of angiosperms belonging to 241 genera and 37 families Hydrocharitaceae, Burmanniaceae, Orchidaceae, Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, Marantaceae, Musaceae, Sterlitziaceae, Cannaceae, Haemodoraceae, Iridaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Agavaceae, Taccaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Liliaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae, Ponteridaceae, Xyridaceae, 135 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) Commelinaceae, Flagellariaceae, Juncaceae, Arecaceae, Pandanaceae, Typhaceae, Araceae, Lemnaceae, Alismataceae, Butomaceae, Najadaceae, Aponogetonaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Zannichelliaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae and 7 species of gymnosperms (mostly cultivated) under 5 genera and 4 families. 31. Khanna, K.K., Kumar Anand, Dixit, R.D. and Singh, N.P. 2001. Supplement to the flora of Madhya Pradesh. Botanical Survey of India, P-8, Brabourne Road, Kolkatta. 181pp. Abstract: The authors supplemented 379 taxa of angiosperms belonging to 233 genera and 65 families of angiosperms, which were previously not included in the volumes of Flora of Madhya Pradesh. The species reported from Achanakmar- Amarkantak areas were Carthamus tinctorius, Clinopodium umbrosum, Prunus persica and Zinnia elegans. 32. Singh, L., Sharma, B. and Agarwal, R. 2003. Species composition and plant diversity of representative tropical moist deciduous forest of Achanakmar Sanctuary. J Trop. For. 19 (1 & 2): 25-34. Abstract: Species composition and species diversity were studied on two sites of a tropical moist deciduous forest. The forest was characterized by high density of trees (1040-1290 stems ha-1) and understorey vegetation (1100-1800 stems ha-1) on closed forest site compared to open forest site which represents 390-930 stems ha-1 700-1090 stems ha-1 of trees and understorey vegetation respectively. Basal cover too was high for both trees and understorey vegetation and ranges from 25.4-44.85 m2 h-1 and from 1.022.84 m2 h-1 for trees and under storey vegetation respectively. Similar to plant density, cover was also low in open forest sites and ranges from 20.05-45.85 m2 h-1and 0.28 to 0.47 m2 h-1 for trees and shrubs, respectively. Similarly, diversity was also high on closed forest site than on open forest site. The ranges of diversity on these sites were 1.99-2.92 (Shannon index), 1.43-4.76 (richness index) and 0.78-1.04 (equitability index). The beta diversity was high on open forest. 33. Chaubey, O.P., Pandey, Amit, Negi, C.M.S. and Ansari, A.A. 2003. Phyto-diversity in preservation plots established in peninsular sal forests (5B/C1 C) in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Indian J. Trop. Biodiv, 11: 8-21. Abstract: The study was conducted in five plots (Sarasdol, Lamni, Khudia, Narsinghpur and Pachmarhi) of dry peninsular sal forests in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Physicochemical properties of soils and several phyto-sociological indices showed apparent differences across different plots. Total density ranged from 282-976 for trees; 2430-7232 for shrubs and 167324-386800 for herb species. The distribution pattern for most tree species varied at different plots. The range of diversity index (Shannon-Weiner index) was 1.63 to 2.83 for trees, 2.16 to 3.16 for shrubs and 2.75 to 3.83 for herbs. Total basal area (m2 ha-1) ranged between 14.66-25.90 for trees with sal (Shorea robusta) existing dominance and contagious distribution. 34. Ved, D. K., Kinhal, G. A., Ravikumar, K., Karnat, Mohan, Vijay Shankar, R. and Indresha, J.H. 2003. Threat Assessment and Management Prioritization for the medicinal plants of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Proceedings of workshop on Eco136 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) regional Assimilation for Conservation Action. A synthesis of regional expertise in medicinal plants taxonomy and distribution through a workshop held at Bhopal during 23-26th July 2003. FRLHT, Bangalore. Abstract: Of the 54 taxa assessed, 44 taxa were found to be threatened, which include 4 critically endangered, 6 endangered and 33 vulnerable. Only one taxon was assessed to be threatened globally, as Madhya Pradesh hosts 100% of the estimated global geographical distribution. Altogether, Chhattisgarh is home to 36 and Madhya Pradesh to 40 threatened taxa. These 54 taxa belong to 50 genera from 36 families. The most represented genus is Curcuma (3 species) followed by Dioscorea and Terminalia (2 species each). Liliaceae, Fabaceae and Cucurbitaceae are the most represented (4 species each) families, followed by Asclepiadaceae and Zingiberaceae (5 species each). The species assessed as critically endangered are Psilotum nudum, Commiphora wightii and Alectra chitrakutensis (endemic to M.P.) for Madhya Pradesh and Rauwolfia serpentina for Chhattisgarh, as endangered are Acorus calamus, Angiopteris evecta, Clerodendrum serratum, Eulophia herbacea and Luffa echinata ; as vulnerable Andrographis paniculata, Boswellia serrata, Caesalpinia digyna, Celastrus paniculatus, Chlorophytum tuberosum, Citrullus colocynthis, Cochlospermum religiosum, Costus speciosus, Crateva magna, Curcuma angustifolia, Curcuma zedoaria, Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea hispida, Gloriosa superba, Gymnema sylvestre, Litsea glutinosa, Oroxylum indicum, Peucedanum nagpurense, Phyllanthus emblica, Piper longum, Plumbago zeylanica, Pterocarpus marsupium, Rubia cordifolia, Sterculia urens, Strychnos nux-vomica, Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia chebula, Thalictrum foliolosum, Tylophora indica, Uraria picta and Urginea indica 35. Shadangi, D. K and Nath, V. 2005. Impact of seasons on ground flora under plantation and natural forest in Amarkantak. Indian Forester, 131: 240-250. Abstract: Ground flora is more sensitive to changes in environment than trees. Amarkantak plateau being at higher elevation has a privilege to cooler climate. Due to higher elevation climate of Amarkantak closely resembles with isolated valleys. The measurement of different phytosociological attributes like density, importance value index, population distribution and diversity in different season have been studied in Amarkantak (Madhya Pradesh) during 1996-97 under plantations (Eucalyptus and pine) and natural sal forest. The range of number of species recorded in rainy season was highest (15-21) under Eucalyptus plantation, followed by under pine plantation and under natural sal forest, and lowest in summer (5-9) under Eucalyptus and pines plantation. The range of IVI was highest in summer than in winter and summer resulted distribution was also involve due to severe competition for resources. Diversity index was maximum (1.246, 1.2024 and 1.333) in rainy season and lowest (0.3950, 0.65930, 0.946) in summer under eucalyptus, pine plantations and natural sal forest respectively. The best adapted niche area was observed for Ophioglossum reticulatum, Ageratum conyzoides and Adiantum sp. on the basis of highest IVI in natural sal forest, eucalyptus and pine plantations respectively. Dominance diversity curves tended to assume the form of a series more distinctly in the winter and summer seasons, when climatic conditions are not congenial for plant growth. Thus, all the vegetational changes in structure and composition are mostly dependent seasons. 137 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) 36. Saini, D.C. 2005. Pteridophytic flora of Anuppur district in Madhya Pradesh. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 29 (4): 713-732. Abstract: The present paper encompasses the floristic account of pteriodophytes occur in Anuppur district of Madhya Pradesh. The enumeration comprises the alphabetical list of 46 plant species viz. Acrostichum aurium Linn., Actinopteris australis (Linn.f.), Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn.f., Adiantum hispidulum Sw., Adiantum incisum Forsk., Adiantum peruvianum, Adiantum philippense Linn., Adiantum venustum Don., Ampelopteris prolifera (Retz.) Copel, Asplenium cheilosorum Kuntz. ex Mett., Athyrium falcatum Bedd., Azolla pinnata R. Br., Ceratopteris siliquosa (Linn.) Copel., Cheilanthes farinosa kaulf., Cheilanthes tenuifoila (Burm.f.) Sw., Ctenitopsis fuscipes (Wall.) C. Chr. Ex Tard. - Blot. & C. Chr., Cyclosorus parasiticus (Linn.) Forwell, Diluvium esculentum (Retz.) Sw., Dryopteris cochledtata (Don.) C. Chr., Equisetum arvense Linn., Equisetum debile Roxb.ex Voucher, Helminthostachys zeylanica (Linn.) Hook. f., Lastrea falciloba Hook., Leptochilus decurrens Blume, Lycopodium cernuum Linn., Lygodium flexuosum (Linn.) Sw., Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br., Marginaria macrocarpa (Bory ex Willd.) Nayar & Kaur, Marsilea minuta Linn., Microsorum membranaceum (D.Don) Ching., Nephrolepis acuta Presl., Nephrolepis cordifolia Linn., Ophioglossum reticulatum Linn., Ophioglossum vulgatum Linn., Pleopeltis lanceolata Kaulf., Polystichum auriculatum Linn., Polystichum semicordatum Sw., Pronephrium aspera (Presl.) Sheih. & Tsai, Psilotum nudum (Linn.) Beauv., Pteris quadriaurita Retz., Pteris vittata Linn., Salvinia natans (linn.) all., Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spring, Selaginella longipila Hieron, Tectaria coadunata (Wall.) C. Chr., Tectaria devexa (Kze.) Copel., belonging to 32 genera and 19 families with correct botanical name, their natural order, basionym if any, available synonyms, and local names, followed by description, field note and distribution of each species. Four species, namely Adiantum capillus-veneris, Linn. f., Equisetum debile Roxb. ex Voucher., Lygodium flexuosum (Linn.) Sw. and Psilotum nudum (Linn.) Beauv. are reported endangered from the district. The area also harbours many rare species which need proper assessment and monitoring for their conservational measures. 37. Singh, Shweta and Dixit, R.D. 2005. Fern-Allies of central India. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 29 (2): 403-413. Abstract: The paper provides upto date data on the fern-allies of central India for the first time, 5 families, 9 genera and 22 species have been reported from various parts of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh states of Central India. Keys to the genera and species are provided to facilitate easy identification. Enumeration of each species of fern allies with current nomenclature, basionym and important synonyms, notes on the ecology and distribution in central India and specimens examined have been provided. The species reported in this paper with their distribution, specimens examined and ecology are Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Franco, Huperzia hamiltonii (Spring) Trev., Psilotum nudum (L.) P. Beauv., Equisetum diffusum D. Don., Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. sub sp. debile (Roxb. ex Vauch.) Hauke., Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Baker, Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spring, Selaginella indica (Milde) Trayon, Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring, Selaginella jainii Dixit, Selaginella panigrahii Dixit, Selaginella radicata (Hook. et Grev.) Spring., Selaginella repanda (Desv. ex Poir) Spring, Selaginella proniflora (Lamk.) Bak., Selaginella kurzii Bak., Isoetes bilaspuriensis Panigrahi, Isoetes coromandelina L.f. , Isoetes dixitei Shende, Isoetes mahadevensis Srivastava et Shukla, Isoetes pantii Goswami et Arya, Isoetes panchananii var. 138 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) panchananii Pant et Srivastava, Isoetes panchananii var. pachmarihensis Srivastava, Isoetes sampathkumarnii L.N. Rao, Isoetes indica Pant & Srivastava, Isoetes fushsii Goswami et Sharma. 38. Shadangi, D. K. and Nath, V. 2006. Litter decomposition in Eucalyptus and pine plantations and natural sal forests related to micro-arthropods in different season in Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh. Indian Forester, 132: 420-428. Abstract: The rate of decomposition was highest in litter of sal (0.0105 g g-1 day-1) than Eucalyptus (0.0102 g g-1 day-1) and pines (0.0090 g g-1 day-1) in Amarkantak (M.P.). The number and diversity of micro-arthropods was more in sal than Eucalyptus. Microarthropods multiply during rainy season when the rate of litter decomposition is maximum. As decomposition proceeds, the composition of the litter continuously changes creating new condition for the decomposing organisms. The fast disappearance rate of litter during rainy season might be due to accelerated growth of microbial population as well as their activities to decompose the material in presence of sufficient moisture and optimum temperature, while it was moderate in the winter season and at a very low rate in the summer season. 39. Ved, D. K. Kinhal, G.A.; Rathore, B. M. S.; Ravikumar, K.; Vijay Shankar, R. and Venkateshwaran. 2006. Threat Assessment for Prioritized Medicinal Plant Species of Madhya Pradesh. Proceedings of Workshop on Eco-regional Assimilation for Conservation Action. (A synthesis of Eco-regional expertise in Medicinal Plants Taxonomy and Distribution through a workshop held at Bhopal during 3rd to 7th of January 2006). Organized by Madhya Pradesh Biodiversity Board, Beej Nigam Complex, Mother Teresa Marg, Arera Hills, Bhopal and Co-ordinated by FRLHT, Bangalore Karnataka. Abstract: A total of 48 species belonging to 45 genera and 32 plant families were included in the final list. The most species rich families were Asclepiadaceae, Fabaceae and Orchidaceae (4 species each), followed by Mimosaceae (3 species each). Five families were represented by 2 species and the majority of plant families were represented by single species (23 species). The most represented genera were Butea, Drosera and Nervilia (2 each). Of the 48 taxa assessed for threat category, 41 taxa were found to be threatened, including 2 Critically Endangered (CR), 17 Endangered (EN), and 22 Vulnerable (VU). Grewia asiatica and Osmunda regalis were assessed as critically endangered; Gardenia gummifera, Prosopis cineraria, Pueraria tuberosa, Ceropegia hirsuta, Didymocarpus pygmeae, Sarcostemma acidum, Scleichera oleosa, Berberia hainessi var. brevifilipes, Chlorophytum borivilianum, Drosera indica, Entada rheedei, Equisetum ramosissimum, Hedychium coronarium, Musa rosacea, Nervilia aragoana, Nervilia plicata and Palhinhaea cernua were assessed as endangered and Careya arborea, Curcuma aromatica, Docrostachys cinerea, Gmelina arborea, Aristolochia bracteolata, Bacopa monnieri, Barleria prionitis, Centella asiatica, Capparis decidua, Hardwickia binata, Acampe praemorsa, Amorphallus paeonifolius, Moringa concanensis, Soymida febrifuga, Butea parviflora, Dillenia pentagyna, Drosera indica, Drosera burmanni, Marsdenia tenacissima, Pygmaeopremna herbacea, Zeuxine strateumatica, Cryptolepis buchanani and Symplocos racemosa were assessed as vulnerable . 139 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) 40. Singh Lalji, Sunil Puri and Bargali.2006.Biodiversity and importance of lesserknown woody species of moist deciduous forest of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. The Biotanica, 56: 97-103 Abstract: The present paper focuses on biological diversity and uses of lesser- known woody species (LKWS) of moist deciduous sal forest of Achanakmar- Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Bilaspur district (Chhatisgarh). The forest is characterized by high tree density (1203 stems ha-1) and a basal cover of 36.33 m2 ha-1. A total of 37 tree species were recorded. The forest is mainly dominated by Shorea robusta, Embelia robusta, terminalia, Diospyros melanoxylon, Anogeisus latifolia and Miliusa tomentosa and their contribution to the total density and dominance ranged between 81-83 %. LKWS contribute significantly i.e. 17-19 % to the total forest density and dominance. This emphasizes the key role to LKWS in forest structure and diversity.21 These species provide innumerous tangible and intangible services to the welfare of human society. Many trees are known for their specific uses e.g. Dalbergia paniculata wood is used for making musical instruments, Garuga pinnata wood is used for making match- splints and pencils, and Wendlandia exerta and Adina cordifoila yields termite resistant timber which is used as Grade-I plywood. Wood of Grewia tiliefolia is used for making cricket stumps and billard cues. Ash obtained from wood of Dillenia aurea is used for making fire resistant crockery. The study suggests that potentially important tree species, which are presently in the background, be included in the working plan of forest department. If these species are managed properly for its quality improvement they can be better sources of revenue and employment generation. 41. Chaubey, O.P., Bahadur, V. and Singh, J. 2007. Threats to plant diversity of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. Paper presented in workshop on Research Needs for Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve on 30th April 2007, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur. Abstract: The author studied 21 compartments of erstwhile Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary during the year 1999. They observed that Cucuma angustifolia, Chlorophytum tuberosum, Asparagus recomosus, Bahuinia vahlii and Emblica ribes are in decreasing trends in both occurrence and dominance due to over exploitation and unscientific collection. Grazing and collection of tender leaves of sal, saja, tinsa, dhawa, kosum, char and aonla also posses serious threats for regeneration. 42. Dubey, P.C., Sikarwar, R.L.S. and Tiwari, A.P. 2007. Threat assessment of important medicinal plants in Amarkantak area. Paper presented in workshop on Research Needs for Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve on 30th April 2007, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur. Abstract: During the study the status of 352 plant species of Amarkantak were evaluated and 179 of them were reported as critically endangered (CR), 57 species as endangered (EN) and 111 species as vulnerable (VU), which is roughly 50% of the total species evaluated. The main cause for the loss biodiversity was reported to be over exploitative harvesting fire, grazing, etc. The authors stressed on awareness campaign, scientific study abut propagation techniques and in-situ conservation of the threatened species. 140 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) 43. Sharma, N.D. 2007. Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve: Systematic mapping of fungal biodiversity. Paper presented in workshop on Research Needs for Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve on 30th April 2007, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur. Abstract: The author stressed on the systematic study of BR by involving multidisciplinary approach like taxonomy, ecology, molecular biology, microbiology, soil chemistry, etc. Extensive studies on identification of pathogens, their role in maintenance of ecosystem, edible mushrooms and unsustainable harvesting of various species were reported to be useful for sustainability of BR. 44. Singh, L., Yadav, D.K. and Jha, C.S. 2007. Species composition, diversity and biomass in dry deciduous forest of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. Paper presented in workshop on Research Needs for Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve on 30th April 2007, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur. Abstract: On the basis of preliminary studies of four forest sites, the authors recorded the density of the trees in different forest plots ranged from 240 in degraded forest to 1270 trees/ha in regeneration forest. They observed that the forest represents the gradient in diversity and biomass from high, medium, poor and low. Remote sensing tools and GIS techniques may be useful to BR authorities in demarcating the entire reserve area. 45. Upreti, D.K., Satya and Joshi, Y. 2007. Lichenological studies in AchanakmarAmarkantak Biosphere Reserve. Paper presented in workshop on Research Needs for Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve on 30th April 2007, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur. Abstract: National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow conducted on extensive and intensive exploration of Biosphere Reserve and documented the lichen taxa. In all, 130 species belonging to 44 genera and 25 families of the lichens were documented. Out of 53 taxa of lichen recorded as the addition to the lichen flora of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Caloplaca amarkantakana Joshi, Y. & Upreti and Schadonia indica Upreti & Nayaka were described as new to science. The author also observed that the BR exhibits maximum diversity of the corticolous or bark growing lichens followed by saxicolous or rock growing ones. 46. Khanna, K.K., 2007. Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve – need for the documentation of floristic diversity with special reference to status of threatened plants. Paper presented in workshop on Research Needs for Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve on 30th April 2007, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur. Abstract: The author expressed his views that more than 1000 species of angiosperms, which are about 45% of the total angiosperm species of the state, exist in the BR. Bothriochloa grahamii (Haines) Bor. is endemic in Amarkantak area and has not been recollected after its discovery. 141 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) 47. Nayaka, S., Satya and Upreti, D.K. 2007. Lichen diversity in Achanakmar wildlife sanctuary, core zone area of proposed Amarkantak Biosphere reserve, Chhattisgarh. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 31 (1): 133-142. Abstract: The paper enumerates the occurrence of 32 species belonging to 20 genera and 16 families of lichens in Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary. The sanctuary is dominated by crustose lichens. Collema ryssoleum (Tuck.) A. Schenider and Pyxine cocoes (Swartz.) Nyl. Were the only two foliose lichens in the area, while fruticose lichens are completely absent. The lichens of the sanctuary were mostly bark inhabiting represented by 20 species, viz., Arthothelium aborme (Ach.) Muell. – Arg., Arthothelium pycnocorpoid Muell. –Arg., Arthonia recedens Stirton, Bacidia alutacea (Krempelh.) Zahlbr., Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) Massal., Chrysothrix chlorina (Ach.) Laundon., Graphina panhalensis Pat. & Kulkarni, Graphina platycarpa (Eschw.) Zahlbr., Haematomma puniceum (Sm. ex Ach.) Massal., Lecanora sp., Lecanora imshaugii Brodo, Lecanora perplexa Brodo, Letrouitia transgressa (Malme) Haf. & Bellem, Pyrenula fuscoolivacea Vainio, Pyrenula subglabriscula Vainio, Buellia almorensis S. Singh & Awasthi, Buellia curtisii (Tuck.) Imsh., Pyxine cocoes (Swartz.) Nyl., Pertusaria acuta Muell.- Arg., Pertusaria himalayensis Awasthi & Srivastava, followed by seven rock inhabiting species Collema ryssoleum (Tuck.) A. Schneider, Lecanora subimmersa (Fee) Vainio, Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt., Endocarpon nanum A. Singh & Upreti, Endocarpon subrosettum A. Singh & Upreti, Staurothele clopima (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr., Trapeliopsis sp. while, Felhanera semecarpi (Vainio) Vezda is the only leaf inhabiting lichen collected from the sanctuary. Cryptothecia lunulata (Zahlbr.) Makh. & Patw., Letrouitia transgressa (Malme) Haf. & Bellem and Pyxine cocoes (Swartz) Nyl. are the most common lichens of the sanctuary. Cryptothecia lunulata (Zahlbr.) Makh. & Patw., Pertusaria subdepressa Muell. – Arg., Lepraria sp., Lepraria lobificans Nyl. are the species found on both bark as well as rock. Beside low altitude, dry and hot climatic conditions in the deciduous forest are the main reasons for the poor growth of the lichens in the area. The present study is the first enumeration of lichens from Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary. All the species enumerated in the present study are new to the lichen flora of the state. The available records of the lichens will play a vital role in conducting future biomonitoring studies in the area. 48. Sahu, P.K. and Singh, J. S. 2008. Structural attributes of lantana-invaded forest plots in Achanakmar–Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Central India. Curr. Sci., 94(4): 494-500. Abstract: Vegetation of Lantana-invaded forest plots in the Achanakmar–Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve has been analysed. Only 20 out of the 126 plots examined were found infested with Lantana (Lantana camara L.). These plots were divided into low lantana density and high lantana density groups. Ordination using Principal Component Analysis on the structural attributes of the vegetation separated the plots into low altitude and high altitude groups, but did not separate lower lantana density plots from higher lantana density plots. ANOVA also indicated no significant differences in the community-level structural attributes between lower and higher lantana density plots. Nevertheless, species-level differences were evident. Some species were more abundant and showed better regeneration potential in lower lantana density plots, while others did so in higher lantana density plots. However, time series observations on permanent plots and experimental studies on competitive and allelopathic interactions in natural field plots are 142 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) warranted for ascertaining the impact of lantana invasion and for ascribing the cause and effect relationships which, at present, remain speculative. Such studies will help identify and maintain ecological barriers to lantana invasion in order to promote conservation and biodiversity in the reserves. 49. Sahu, P. K., Sagar, R. and Singh, J.S. 2008. Tropical forest structure and diversity in relation to altitude and disturbance in a Biosphere Reserve in central India. Appl. Veget. Sci. 11(4):461-470. Abstract: Questions: Is species diversity affected in protected areas where human activities are permitted or tolerated? On plots of a fixed size, does stem density alone predict number of species? Are differences in density related to disturbance and altitude? Location: Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, central India. Methods: 42 sites, each with three replicate 10-m radius plots, were examined. All trees (≥ 30 cm GBH) in each plot were measured for girth at breast height. α-diversity, species richness and evenness were calculated for each site. The sites were ordinated by Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) using relative importance values of component species. Correspondence Analysis was used to broadly delineate communities. Anthropogenic disturbances were recorded in terms of percentage of trees lopped, scale of lopping, number of domestic livestock dung piles and foot trails (both livestock and people) for each plot. Results: The NMS analysis exhibited a near linear arrangement of sites with no evidence of discrete vegetation zones. NMS axes were significantly related to altitude and disturbance scores. With increasing elevation, basal area increased but number of species, α-diversity and its components declined monotonically. The number of species and indices of species diversity were positively associated with tree lopping and also with total disturbance. Number of species was controlled by stem density only in plots not dominated by Shorea robusta. Conclusions: Recent levels of human disturbance are associated with higher species diversity in this biosphere reserve. There is some evidence that stands at all altitudes follow the same successional pattern to dominance by Shorea, a successional pattern that also results in decreased diversity without disturbance. 50. Nath V., Asthana A. K. and Kapoor R. 2007. Enumeration of the Mosses in Amarkantak (Madhya Pradesh), India – I. Taiwania, 52(2): 168-176. Abstract: A total of 21 genera and 28 species of mosses belonging to 12 families were investigated from various localities of Amarkantak (Madhya Pradesh), India. The genera, Entodontopsis leucostega (Brid.) Buck & Ireland, Entodontopsis nitens (Mitt.) Buck & Ireland, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans (Brid.) Iwats., Erythrodontium julaceum (Schwaegr.) Par., Trachyphyllum inflexum (Harv.) Gepp., Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeg. were the dominant taxa. The richness of the moss taxa has been recorded in the Kapildhara locality and the epiphytic forms are found to be the most successful taxa in the area. The mosses of Amarkantak have been enumerated for the first time. 51. Shukla A., Dubey P. C., and Singh K. P. 2009. Grasses of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. Indian J. Trop. Biodiv. 17(1): 1-30. 143 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) Abstract: The present paper deals with the detailed taxonomic account of grasses of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. The family is represented by 112 species within 65 genera and occupies the first position among flowering plants. An analysis of data indicates that the genus Eragrostis was the largest and represented by 9 species. It was followed by Panicum with 6 species, Setaria, Sporobolus and Digitaria with 5 species each, Pennisetum and Bothrichloa with 4 species each. The current nomenclature with short description, ecological notes, flowering and fruiting periods, distribution and economic/miscellaneous importance of grasses has been provided. II. Faunal Resources After consultation with the various scientific journals and books on wildlife of India, the information published on fauna of Achanakmar – Amarkantak BR is summarized year wise as hereunder: 1. McC. Clive, J. 1928. Occurrence of wood snipe in Central Provinces. J. Bombay Nat.l Hist. Soc., 32(2): 600. Abstract: The author reported the distribution of Wood Snipe, Gallinago nemoricola Hodgson at Amarkantak. 2. Saharia, V.B. 1982. Wildlife in India. Natraj Publishers, Dehra Dun, 278 pp. Abstract: The author described different national parks and sanctuaries existing in India. The species of mammals prevalent in Achanakmar wildlife sanctuary are mentioned as examples. 3. Kalaiarasan, V. Rathinasabapathy, B., Tamilarasan, P., Aengals, R. and Ganesh Prasanna, A.J. 1991. Reptiles of Narmada Valley. Cobra, 40: 8-12. Abstract: Report based on the study made by the Madras Snake Park Trust Research team during October- November 1990 at Narmada Valley in Madhya Pradesh, showed the presence of Bronzeback tree snake, Dendrelaphis tristis from bark of a dried teak tree near Sahastradhara beside many other species recorded from the valley. 4. Tiwari, K.P.; Pandey, R.K., Date, G.P., Prasanth, K.P. and Goswami Ashok. 1995. Preliminary report on flora of Amarkantak for detailed project formulation to constitute Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. A report submitted to Enviroment Planning and Coordination Organization, Bhopal. State Forest Research Institute, Polipather, Jabalpur. 94 pp. Abstract: A preliminary report on survey and documentation of flora & fauna of Achanakmar Wildlife sanctuary was submitted to EPCO, Bhopal for the proposed Biosphere Reserve. The work was carried out in Amarkantak plateau and within the boundaries of the BR. 144 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) 5. Tiwari, S.K. 1997. Wildlife sanctuaries of Madhya Pradesh. APH Publishing corporation. Daryaganj, New Delhi, 139pp. Abstract: The author has reported peacock, jungle fowl, patridges, green pigeon, quails and sand groves as common birds of Achankamr Sanctuary consisting of Achanakmar, Lamni and Game ranges. Tigers, bison, panther, dear, sambhar, spotted deer, antilopes, blue bull and pigs were the mammals known from the area. Sambhar, which was gradually disappearing reported from hilly tracts of Khudia, Kota and Lamni ranges. 6. Anonymous, 1997. Report of the Committee for Sal Borer Affected Areas of M.P. Submitted to Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, New Delhi. December 1997. Abstract: On the basis of visits of the committee to various sal forests of Madhya Pradesh including Amarkantak and Bajag ranges, sal trees were found badly damaged by sal heartwood borer, Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Newman. The population of the borer depends on a number of biotic and abiotic factors. The insect completes one generation in a year. A predator Alaus sordidus preys on the grubs of the sal borer. The remedial measures have been recommended for the protection of sal from the attack of this borer. 7. Das, I. and Chandra, S.K. 1997. Philautus sanctisilvaticus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) A New Frog from the Sacred Groves of Amarkantak, Central India. Hamadryad, 22:21-27. Abstract: The authors have identified a new species of frog from Amarkantak. 8. Harshey, D.K. and Chandra, K. 2001. Mammals of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Zoos’Print Journal, 16(12): 659-668. Abstract: A comprehensive account of mammals of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh is given, which includes an annonated list of mammals of these two states with current district-wise distribution and global/national threatened status. A complete bibliography of mammals of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh is also provided 9. Roychoudhury N., Sambath, S. and Joshi, K. C. 2004. Girth class of sal trees prone to the attack of heartwood borer, Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Newman (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Indian Forester, 130 (12): 1403-1409. Abstract: An experiment was laid out in Sal forest at Jagatpur under Karanjia range of Mandla division during the recent epidemic of Sal heartwood borer, Hoplocerambyx spinicornis, Newman, in Madhya Pradesh, with a view to find out the girth class preference of the insect in Sal trees and subsequent mortality. Results based on four years observations revealed that total percent mortality of Sal trees due to borer attack was 5.17% in experimental plot. The results reflect the post effect of Sal borer epidemics. The borer attack was noticed from the girth class more than 61-90cm (4.24%), 91-120cm (5.08%) and finally peak in 121-150cm (6.78%) and then declined in girth class above 151cm (3.12%). Further, the frequency distribution of girth class of Sal trees and tree 145 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) mortality due to borer attack exhibited maximum mortality in 102-116 and 117-131 cm ranges. These findings clearly advocate the girth class preference by borer beetles in Sal forests. 10. Chandra, K. and Pandey, V. K. 2004. Notes on Anuran Fauna of Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary. Cobra, 57: 32-37. Abstract: The paper deals with the study of Anuran fauna of Achanakmar range earlier known as Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh. It includes nine species viz. Bufo melanostictus Schneider, Euphylictus cyanophylictus (Schneider), Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin), Indirina leithii (Boulenger), Limnonectus limnocharis (Boie), Microhyla ornata (Dumeril & Bibron), Polypedates maculatus (Gray), Tomopterna breviceps (Schneider), Uperodon systoma (Schneider) pertaining to nine genera and four families. All the species are new record to the fauna of earlier known Achanakmar Wildlife sanctuary, which is now the core area of the biosphere reserve. 11. Chandra, K. and Gupta, S. K. 2005. Record of Monster Cricket, Schizodactylus monstrosus (Drury) (Aschizodactylidae: Orthoptera) from Chhattisgarh. Insect Envir., 11(2): 56. Abstract: A monster cricket Schizodactylus monstrosus (Drury) the lone representative of the family Schizodactylidae in India and recorded from the Maniari river of AchanakmarAmarkantak Biosphere Reserve. It is the Ist record, collected by Zoological Survey of India in the month of July 2004 during their faunistic survey. 12. Chandra, K. and Pandey, V. K. 2005. Reptilia of Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh. Cobra, 60: 1-5. Abstract: The present paper deals with the study of reptiles from the Achanakmar. The paper gives information on 14 species viz. Amphiesma stolata (Linnaeus), Bungarus caeruleus (Schneider), Calotes versicolor (Daudin), Cyrtodactylus collegalensis (Beddome), Hemidactylus brookii Grey, Lycodon aulicus (Linnaeus), Mabuya carinata (Schneider), Mabuya macularia (Blyth), Psammophilus blanfordanus (Stoliczka), Ptyas mucosus mucosus (Linnaeus), Python molurus molurus (Linnaeus), Sitana ponticeriana Cuvier, Varanus bengalensis (Linnaeus), Xenochrophis piscator (Schneider) belonging to 13 genera and seven families. Kollegal ground gecko Cyrtodactylus collegalensis (Beddome) has been recorded for the first time from Chhattisgarh. 13. Chandra, K. and Gajbe, P. U. 2005. An inventory of herpetofauna of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Zoos’ Print J., 20(3): 1812-1819. Abstract: A comprehensive account of the herpetofauna of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh has been provided, which includes an annonated list of 104 species of amphibians and reptiles along with their distribution in the districts and protected areas. The IUCN status of endangered species and a complete biography are also provided. 14. Chandra, K. 2006 a. Scarabaeid Beetles of Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh. Rec. Zoological Survey of India (Communicated). 146 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) Abstract: Achanakmar, a core area of Biosphere Reserve, is located in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh state. Its valley has ideal habitats of many rare and medicinally important plant species. The sanctuary possesses rich diversity of fauna and flora. The present paper deals with an account of 22 species of scarabaeid beetles viz. Hybosorus orientalis Westwood, Adoretus bimarginatus Ohaus, Adoretus lasiopygus (Burmeister), Adoretus limbatus Blanchard, Anomala biharensis Arrow, Anomala dorsalis (Fabricius), Anomala ruficapilla (Bermeister), Anomala rugosa Arrow, Catharsius molossus (Linnaeus), Catharsius sagax Queensland, Clinteria klugi (Hope), Gymnopleurus sinuatus (Oliv.), Gymnopleurus cynaeus (Fabricius), Gymnopleurus gemmatus Harold, Heliocopris bucephallus (Fabricius), Holotrichia problematica Brenske, Mimela inscripta (Nonfried), Onthophagus bonasus (Fabricius), Onthophagus catta (Fabricius), Onthophagus pactolus (Fabricius), Phyllognathus dionysius Fabricius, Scarabaeus sanctus Fabricius belonging to 12 genera and six subfamilies collected from the sanctuary. All these species are recorded for the first time from Achanakmar area of Biosphere Reserve. 15. Chandra, K. 2006 b. Threatened Animals of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Indian J. Trop. Biodiv., 14 (2): 97-122. Abstract: The paper includes the complete list of threatened species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes known to occur in these two states. Their status in different schedules under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and in IUCN categories is incorporated. The cause of extinction and the extinct species in India are also given. 16. Chandra, Kailash, Nema, D.K. and Singh, Shivesh Pratap. 2006. On a Collection of Moths from Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh. Nat. J. Life Sci., 3 (2): 183-189. Abstract: During the extensive survey of Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, now core region of Biosphere Reserve by the scientific team of Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur between 2004 to 2005, collected thirty-four species of moths belonging to 32 genera under 13 families. All these species viz. Actias selene (Hubner), Agathodes ostentalis Hubner, Antheraea paphia (Linnaeus), Asota caricae (Fabricius), Cerura liturata Walker, Clanis sp., Creatonotus lactineus Cramer, Diaphania indica (Saunders), Episparis varialis Walker, Euproctis sp., Eupterote sp., Fodina sp., Polytela gloriosae Fabricius, Hyposidra talaca (Walker), Macaria fasciata Fabricius, Macrobrochis gigas (Walker), Marumba dyras dyras (Walker), Mimeusemia sp., Nausinoe geometralis (Guenee), Olepa ricini (Fabricius), Oxymbulyx sp., Parasa sp., Phalera raya Moore, Phissama transiens (Walker), Psilogramma menephron menephron (Cramer), Sameodes cancellalis (Zeller), Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius), Theretra alecto alecto (Linnaeus) , Theretra boisduvali (Bugnion), Theretra oldenlandiae oldenlandiae (Fabricius), Trisula variegata Moore, Tyspanodes linealis (Moore), Xyleutus strix (Linnaeus), Zeuzera sp., are new record to the fauna of the sanctuary as well as to the fauna of Chhattisgarh. 17. Singh, Ajeet and Chandra, Kailash 2006. Study on the Species Composition and Diversity of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Insecta) In Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh. 147 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) Abstract: The present investigation deals with the studies on the species composition and diversity of butterflies in Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary. Butterflies are the most important ecological indicators, which were studied from an ecological sensitive area falling in the core zone of proposed Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. Species composition and diversity of butterflies from Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary was studied during June and July 2004. A total of 49 species of butterflies viz., Abisara echerius (Stoll), Anapheis aurota aurota (Fabr.), Athyma perius (Linn.), Athyma selenophora (Kollar), Badamia exclamationis (Fabr.), Caltoris farri (Moore), Caltoris kumara (Moore), Caprona ransonnetti (Felder), Castalius rosimon rosimon (Fabr.), Catopsilia crocale (Cramer), Catopsilia pyranthe pyranthe (Linn.), Catposilia pomana (Fabr.), Charaxes fabius cerynthus Fruhstorfer, Chilasa clytia (Linn.), Danaus chrysippus chrysippus (Linn.), Danaus genutia (Cramer), Danaus limniace leopardus (Butler), Euchrysopus phasius Evans, Euploea core core (Cramer), Eurema hecabe simulata Moore, Eurema laeta laeta Boisduval, Graphium nomius nomius (Esper), Hypolimnas bolina (Linn.), Hypolimnas misippus (Linn.), Melanitis leda ismene (Cramer), Moduza procris procris (Cramer), Mycalesis lepcha davisoni Moore, Mycalesis mineus (Linn.), Narathura amantes (Hewitson), Narathura atrax atrax (Hewitson), Neptis hylas (Linn.), Neptis jumbah (Linn.), Papilio demoleus demoleus Linn., Papilio polytes romulus Cramer, Phaedyma columella (Cramer), Phalanta phalantha (Drury), Precis almana almana (Linn.), Precis atlites (Linn.), Precis hierta hierta (Fabr.), Precis iphita iphita (Cramer), Precis lemonias lemonias (Linn.), Precis orithya swinhoei Butler, Rapala iarbus sorya Koller, Spialia galaba (Fabr.), Spindasis vulcanus vulcanus Fabr, Suastus gremius Fabr., Symphaedra nais (Forster), Udaspes folus (Cramer). Syntarucus plinius (Fabr.), belonging to 8 families were recorded. Nymphalidae was the dominant family with 17 species followed by Lycaenidae (7), Hesperiidae (7), Pieridae (6), Danidae (4), Papilionidae (4), Satyridae (3), and Riodinidae (1). Catopsilia pomona (Fabr.) was the most dominant species, while Charaxes fabius cerynthus Fruhstorfer was the rarest species recorded from the Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary area. Total species diversity of butterflies during June 2004 to July, 2004 was 3,486. 18. Joshi, K.C., Roychoudhury, N. Kulkarni, N. and Sambath, S. 2006. Sal Heartwood Borer in Madhya Pradesh. Indian Forester, 132 (7): 799-808. Abstract: Shorea robusta, which is one of the most important timber species of India, yields about 2.5 lakh m3 of timber and 3 lakh m3 of firewood. A heartwood borer, Hoplocerambyx spinicornis, often damages it in sal areas of Jagatpur in Karanjia range of M.P. and in Lamni range of Bilaspur forest division of BR in Chhattisgarh. Its beetles emerge soon after a few showers of monsoon rains from the third week of June to the end of August. They attract to the odour of freshly cut bast and sapwood of sal. Soon after mating, the beetle oviposit white, cream coloured eggs in cracks on the bark. After 3-7 days of egg period, the hatching takes place. The freshly hatched grubs bore the bark and reach to the sapwood, where they form tunnels. After feeding the sapwood, the grubs move to heartwood where they form a wider pupal chamber, the grubs start pupation from December onwards, develop to immature beetles between April to May and emerge out from middle June onwards during monsoon. The male has long antennae than their body while the female has short antennae. The incidence of attacked sal trees due to heartwood borer lasts up to 24.53 per cent during epidemics. Continuous favourable climate conditions, vicinity of human and 148 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) herbivore population, physiological properties of sal trees to insect borer, quantitative and qualitative changes in host trees, natural enemies of sal borer and weakening of defensive system of sal trees are recorded as probable factors responsible for sal borer epidemics. Borer killed more than 26 lakhs of sal trees during recent sal borer epidemics between 1996-02. Felling of these attacked sal trees in dense sal forest opened the canopy and resulted an average regeneration up to 4.18 saplings per squire meter of sal and other miscellaneous species as compared to 1.95 saplings per squire meter unfilled sal areas. In human inhabited areas however, it is reported to be comparatively low. Besides existing preventive and remedial control measures, the authors have advocated spraying of 0.05 % endosulfan 3.5 ml insecticide per litre of water or chlorpyriphos 0.05 % (10 ml insecticide/ litre) on stored borer attacked sal stacks in June before onset of monsoon and then covering them with polythene sheets to kill the beetles emerging from sal logs. Further research need on sal heartwood borer, its out break and management are also mentioned. 19. Khanna, V. 2006. A checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Central India. Zoos’ Print J., 21 (2): 2164-2166. Abstract: The paper deals with a collection of scolopendrid collected by scientists of Central Regional Station, Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur from Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve and adjoining areas in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. The author listed 5 species of centipedes from different localities of BR. 20. Chandra, Kailash 2007. Faunal Diversity of Achanakmar - Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. Paper presented in Workshop on Research Needs for AchanakmarAmarkantak Biosphere Reserve, held on 30 April 2007, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur: 24. Abstract: Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) is located in Central India. The major part of AABR lies in Chhattisgarh i.e. in Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Bilaspur district and the remaining part of the area extends into the Dindori and Shahdol districts of Madhya Pradesh. The area falls in 6th bio-geographical zone and province 6A, “Deccan Peninsula-Central Highlands”. While working on a multidisciplinary project on ‘Studies on the biological resources and documentation of traditional knowledge of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh’ funded by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, for the last three years, Zoological Survey of India has carried out the study on faunal diversity of the AABR and the data on various groups of animals from different habitats are collected. Among the vertebrates, except fishes, data on mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians are recorded, while the invertebrates are collected and brought to the laboratory for the identification. Although, information of more than 600 species are collected, but presently 414 species belonging to 13 groups of animals including 169 vertebrates and 245 invertebrates are identified and the remaining are still in process of determination. AABR is very rich in natural resources but a few studies have been carried out on the status of bio-resources. Thus, there is an urgent need to evaluate the availability of bioresources and their sustainable utilization to conserve it for the future generations. 149 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) 21. Kulkarni N., Soni K.K. and Joshi K.C. 2007. Assessment of Biotic and Abiotic Factors Responsible for Out-Break of the Sal Heartwood Borer, Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Newman in Selected Areas of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. Paper presented in Workshop on Research Needs for AchanakmarAmarkantak Biosphere Reserve, on 30 April 2007, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur : 29 Abstract: Sal (Shorea robusta) is an important tree species in India, and dominates other miscellaneous associate tree species in Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. This tree species has been facing reoccurring epidemics of the sal heartwood borer (Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Newman). Affected trees succumb to the damage leading to heavy economic losses due to the poor quality of timber, with subsequent tree mortality. Recent epidemic from 1996 to 2000, which covered considerable part of AchanakmarAmarkantak Biosphere Reserve, also compelled to remove affected trees for maintaining the forest hygiene. There being no reliable control method available for the pest except tree trapping, prevention is the better option over remedial measures and also as an integrated approach to manage the pest population within endemic level. Recent observations have indicated that the environment along with local biotic factors could play a major role in determining population build-up of the pest. Despite the above realization, there is no systematic study available to substantiate the possible role of environmental conditions and local biotic factors in reoccurring epidemics in the region of Achanakmar-Amarkantak biosphere reserve. Moreover, such studies need to be taken up repeatedly during the nonepidemic periods also to understand the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors with pest resurgence in a better way. It will be useful in monitoring the pest resurgence in the future. Considering the above the assessment of local biotic and abiotic factors on the population of sal heartwood borer in the areas having history of epidemic is the urgent research need. This concept note invites attention on these aspects of the research need in AchanakmarAmarkantak Biosphere Reserve. 22. Rao R.J. and Bhatnagar Abhishek 2007.Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve: A biological hot spot. Paper presented in Workshop on Research Needs for AchanakmarAmarkantak Biosphere Reserve, on 30 April 2007, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur: 22- 23 Abstract: Amarkantak region in the States of Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh is one of the important wilderness areas in Central India. The elegant, tranquil pilgrim resort of Amarkantak nestles on the mighty lap of the Maikal hills and forms the cradle of the Narmada, Son and Johila Rivers. Amarkantak has tropical sub-montane grassland with its flora similar to those of Central Indian Sub-tropical hill forests. Its floral type bears a close resemblance to the northwest and Central Himalayan flora. The diverse flora of the forests in this region include Sal, the dominant tree species; saja, sagun, bija, boira, pipal, neem, mahua, tinsa, lac, chironji, tendu, Eucalyptus, rubber and other medicinal plants. The Amarkantak Range harbours more than 33 species of flora of medicinal importance with a density of 43420 plants per hectare. The important medicinal plants are, kali musli, safed musli, satawar, jungli adarak, jungli haldi, brahmi, jungli pyaz, tikhur, madhukamni, hath kand, kamraj, tejraj, sarpgandha, gulbakawali, etc. The different parts of these medicinal 150 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) plants are used in the form of medicines and are of immense value. The AchanakmarAmarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) is declared in Central India in recognition of the unique cultural heritage and significant natural environment, strengthened by regional initiatives that seek to balance protection of the environment with a sustainable regional economy. The Amarkantak and surrounding ranges in the Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are good habitats for large number of wild animals including tiger, leopard, sloth bear, bison, deer, sambhar, jackal, fox, monkey, flying squirrel, many resident and migratory birds, snakes, lizards, turtles, variety of frogs, fishes and other invertebrates. The species diversity in Achanakmar- Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve is very rich, faunal species found in the reserve includes mammals (27), birds (176), reptiles (26), amphibians (11), butterflies (19), honey bees (3) and number of other invertebrates and among flora, large trees (75), small trees (28), shrubs and under shrubs (63), and grasses (20) are present. Research studies should be conducted for better management of the AABR. Priorities should be given to traditional ecological approaches, phyto-sociological studies and food-web research in the AABR. The priority should be put on pre-requisite a sound monitoring and assessment base and careful, in-depth studies on forest ecosystems rather than a superficial and broad-brush approach. Future research could be divided into two categories like in-depth studies of biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources. 23. Shrivastav, A.B. 2007. Conservation of Wild Fauna Needs Scientific Wildlife Health Management. Paper presented in Workshop on Research Needs for AchanakmarAmarkantak Biosphere Reserve, on 30 April 2007, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur: 25-26. Abstract: India has the largest livestock population in the world (0.692 billion, FAO Animal Health Year book, 1988) and contributes about 7% towards national income. According to a conservative estimate, animal diseases reduce production in India by 30-40%. The quality of livestock around the wildlife areas is poor in terms of health and production. Agriculture development has brought domestic and wild animals together to share common grassland. It has increased the chances for sharing and exchanging certain infectious diseases. A critical objective for understanding disease occurrence and impacts in wild and domestic animals is pursuit of studies to determine the relationships of various diseases shared between wild animals and livestock. Biodiversity is a valuable asset, which provides insurance and investment to sustain agriculture, forestry, livestock, fisheries and microbes. India is one of the 12-mega biodiversity regions of the world and share 8% world’s total biodiversity of flora and fauna. Biodiversity in MP is threatened due to adverse climate, biotic pressure especially uncontrolled grazing, habitat destruction, and livestock diseases. The study of “Wildlife Health” and the practice of ‘Wildlife Health Management’ are new disciplines in India. There is growing need for such wildlife health inputs in the rapidly expanding network of protected areas. Some of the most significant threats facing wildlife today are health related. It is emphasized that wildlife can also be a reservoir of number of infectious and parasitic diseases, that may be transmitted to domestic animals at the time of sharing common grasslands and water holes. There are number of examples where the 151 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) diseases were responsible for high percentage of morbidity and mortality. Some diseases may affect the population dynamics by death of young ones, abortions and poor health. Apart from these, wild carnivores may be a source of certain zoonotic diseases such as Rabies. If the infectious diseases in wild animals are closely monitored, and kept under surveillance, then this will have a direct bearing on the health and welfare of domestic animals also. Till recent past the wildlife health discipline was ignored in the country. Though, number of veterinarians with limited knowledge engaged for veterinary assistance to wildlife. Thus, there is an urgent need for trained personnel in protected areas and surveillance of diseases in protected areas. 24. Ganguli Jaya Laxmi, Ganguli R. N. and Shukla B.C. 2007. Pest Scenario of AgroForestry Trees in Plantations of Chhattisgarh. Paper presented in Workshop on Research Needs for Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, on 30 April 2007, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur: 27-28. Abstract: Chhattisgarh popularly known as the herbal state has a forest canopy of around 46 per cent. The natural forests include tree species like teak, Tectona grandis; sal, Shorea robusta, shisham, Dalbergia sissoo; arjun, Terminalia arjuna; palas, Butea monosperma; babool; Acacia nilotica; Ziziphus spp. etc,. Apart from these a large number of fast growing, multipurpose tree species have been identified which establishes easily with agricultural crops under it. These are best suited for the practice of agro-forestry, a boon for the poor and marginal farmers of the state and for conservation of natural resources for sustainable agriculture for the future. The trees commonly preferred by farmers and plantation growers are khamar, Gmelina arborea; Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus tereticornis, teak, Tectona grandis, safed and kala siris, Albizia procera and A. lebek, bamboo, Dendrocalamus strictus, Acacia mangium, etc. Apart from these, the bio-diesel yielding plant, Jatropha curcas is also highly preferred along with some medicinal plants like aonla, Emblica officinalis and meetha neem, Murraya koenigii. The best advantage of these species are that they have a narrow canopy and a number of herbs like turmeric, ginger and other medicinal and aromatic plants can easily be grown underneath it. One of the major constraints in the successful growth of agro-forestry trees in the state are attacked by a number of insect pests. An attempt was made to study and identify the insect pests, which cause economic loss to the plantation trees and have been categorized as major and minor pests based on their incidence. The extent of losses caused by majority of these insects is yet to be studied. 25. Akhtar Naim and Chauhan N.P.S. 2007. Status of Human-Wildlife Conflict and Mitigation Strategies in Marwahi Forest Division, Bilaspur Chhattisgarh. Paper presented in Workshop on Research Needs for Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, on 30 April 2007, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur: 30-31 Abstract: Marwahi Forest Division has been well known for human-sloth bear conflict. Available forest cover is highly degraded, fragmented and interspersed with agriculture crop fields, and small townships. The study area lies between one of the oldest mountain chains of India i.e. Vindhya or Maikal range. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun had conducted a study during 1998-2000 and concluded with recommendations i.e. 152 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) translocation of sloth bear population from isolated den sites to other suitable areas, restoration of sloth bear habitat in degraded areas, protection of large contiguous forests, sustainable use of forest resources and easy mechanism of compensation for the people to their crop and lives loss caused by bear. Marwahi Forest Division was visited again during 2006 to find the changes in status of human-wildlife conflict. Data since 1990 onwards revealed 28 cases of human death by wild animals, comprising of 13 men and 15 women. Except 2, all casualties were caused by sloth bear. Forest department registered 801 incidences of human mauling comprised of 591 men and 210 women. Maximum 528 incidences of mauling were caused by sloth bear followed by 220 and 53 by jackals and other wild animals (leopard, hyena, wild pig, gaur etc.) respectively. Occurrence of mauling in human across the different months was not significantly different (Z=0.813, n=12, p= 0.52). Range of incidences per month varied 5193 with the mean 66.8 ± 14.8, whereas occurrences of mauling incidences in men and women (T=12.13, DF=11, p= 0.00) were significantly different. In Marwahi range 72.5% incidences of human mauling occurred in village area followed by 18.5% and 9.0% in forest and house respectively. Altogether 1453 incidences of livestock lifting were recorded in Marwahi forest division. No major changes were observed in extent of biotic pressure as compared to last study. However, extraction of stones from bear den sites has been increased considerably. Except translocation of sloth bear population from isolated den sites, most of the recommendations suggested earlier are still valid. Moreover, people need to be educated and aware for ecology, feeding habits, movement and behaviour of problematic animals such as sloth bear, jackal, hyena and leopard through seminars, workshop and chat shows so that people can avoid confrontation and play role in conservation. Stone extraction from all bear areas or forestland should be immediately stopped to protect sloth bear and other animal habitats. Livestock should be properly protected by villagers in enclosures made up of rubble wall. Sloth bear population has declined by 40% during last six years so there is need to monitor the status of sloth bear population in the area. 26. Roychoudhury, R. Sambath, S. Kulkarni, N. and Joshi, K.C. 2007. A note on Paectes subapicalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): A potential sal defoliator in Madhya Pradesh. Indian J. Forestry, 30 (4): 463-466. Abstract: Sudden population outburst of Paectes subapicalis Walker recorded in sal forests of Amarkantak, Jagatpur and Chada forest ranges of Biosphere Reserve during the year 1997-2001. The insect has overlapping generations. Its larvae feed on young foliage of sal. Some observations on the biology and feeding behaviour have been investigated and discussed. 4. NEWS AND EVENTS I. Stake holder steering committee meet: State Level Steering Committee meeting of the Achanakmar- Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve was held in the Conference Hall of Chief Administrative Officer, Chhattisgarh Medicinal Plant Board, Raipur on 7th July 2010. 153 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) II. Various activities of development and socio-economic upliftment have been carried out in several localities of BR. These are summarised in the table given below: Achievement of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve during 2009-10 SN 1 I II IV II I III IV III II III IV II Item of Work Rate Rs./Unit Physical Target 2 3 4 PROTECTION OF BIOSPHERE RESERVE PURCHASE OF 0.50 2 WIRELESS SET/HANDSET AND NETWORKING/ COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT REHABILITATION OF 0.20/Ha 100 DEGRADED FOREST FIRE PROTECTION CREATION OF FIRE LINES DEVELOPMENT OF NURSERIES RASING AND DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS Financial Target (in lakh) 5 Physical Financial Achieve Achieve ment ment 6 7 Location 8 1.00 - 99996 O/C A.A.B.R Bilaspur 20.00 100 1999808 Chhuiha, Belpat, Keonchi, Ranjki, Lamni Chaprwa, Lamni Nawagaon 0.01/km 500 5.00 500 499788 5.00 1 5.00 1 499989 0.001 150000 15.00 150000 1500200 Nawagaon, Khodri, Keonchi, Lormi, Kota 5.00 10 498956 2.00 4 199712 Tangli Pathar Tangli Pathar, Sidda takri (Jhojhha) Khodri, Kotsagar (Kota) DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF 0.05/K 10Km TRACK PATH m DEVELOPMENT OF 0.50 4 NATURE TRAILS ECO-DEVELOPMENT/ SOCIO-ECONOMIC UPLIFMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES DISTRIBUTION OF 0.001 50,000 5.00 50000 499647 FRUIT BEARING SEEDLING 154 Belgahna, Belpat, Nawagaon, Khodri, Mandla, Kota Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) III IMMUNIZATION/ VACCINATION OF CATTLE IV CONDUCTING 2.00 MEDICAL CAMPS ENCOURGAGING AND SUPPORTING TRADITAIONAL AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION OF 5.00 1 5.00 1 499931 Surhi COMMUNITY HALL INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES CONSTRUCTION OF 3.00 2 6.00 2 597878 Bhutkchhar , Tilaidbra TWO PONDS FOR PISCI-CULTURE Total72.00 7195606 V III VI II - - 2.00 - 299701 Sivtrai, Newsa, Pataita, Kori, Goripat etc. III. Workshop held at Munnar and its outcomes: Consultation meeting on partnership for strengthening the Man and Biosphere Reserves Programme in India and Indian National MAB Committee meeting was held on 22nd and 23th June 2010 at Munnar, Kerala in the chairmanship of Shri M.F. Farooqui, Addition Secretary, MoEF, Govt. of India. In al, 35 participants from UNESCO, MoEF, DST, Kerala Forest and Wildlife Department, BSI, ZSI, Universities, ICAR, Directors of different BRs of India, PIs Lead Institutions of Biosphere Reserves participated in the meeting. Following outcomes were derived from the meeting: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. For the success of BR Programme in the contry, synergy need to be in place among all the stakeholders viz., central government ministries/departments, State line departments, R &D Institutions, national and international funding agencies, academic institutions, local communities, NGOs, CBCs and media. Convergence of resources for the BR may be ensured and duly quantified through state and centrally sponsored schemes and bilateral and other funding mechanisms to achieve the functions of the BR. Leveraging resources through Public-Private partnership for BR management. The information on various schemes being implemented within the BR along with their objectives, scope and cost involved should be placed in the public domain. The three functions of the BR envisaged in the MAB programme shall be interfaced with the advances in science and technology. Mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation in all the programme areas of the government as has been done in NREGA. Promotion of value addition activities of the available bio-resources should be undertaken for diversifying livelihood options for the people living in the BR. The concept of BR is to attain sustainable development of the people. In order to get rid of the anathema associated with the word "Reserve", it may be deleted. 155 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Extensive awareness creation by way of production and distribution of resource materials and use of print and electronic media has to be a long-term activity. There has to be a healthy competition among the BR managers to achieve the best Michel Batiss BR Management case study award. Out of the 10 bio-geographic zone of the contry, eight zones have been cover by designating BRs in the remaining two zones viz., Desert and Gangetic plains. The BR manegers in consultation with their respective lead institutions have to foward the research proposals to the MoEF to meet the domastic requirement and fulfill the internation obligations. Sanction of the research projects in thrust areas may be awarded in a net-working mode by involving the institutions of repute having requisite capacity in the area, research on integration of the 3 BRs functions needs to given priority. MAb and HAB- MoEF and state may consider the possibility of rename and Man and Biospher (MAB) to Human and Biospher (HAB). Permits for research in protected area require review. Individual BR may identify specific Madrid Action Plan Taergets on which they can provide necessary information and case studies. IV. " " identified by Achuta Nand Shukla taxonomist, BSI, Allahabad and Shri P.C. Dubey Chief Conservator of Forest, Research and Extention Circle, Rewa is . V. Submission of application for the grant of research project: The proposal should include the salary and wages including HRA, individual items of equipment along with the cost and justification must be forwarded by the head of the organization with following certificates : i) that necessary infrastructural facilities will be provided for the project and ii) The permanent equipments sought under the project are not available with the institute. It may be address to the Adviser, Research, Ministry of Environment & Forest, Paryavaran Bhavan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003. With a copy to Additional Director (Biosphere Reserve), Conservation Division I, Paryavaran Bhavan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi. 156 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) Annexure-I: Format for projects submission on Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve APPLICATION FOR GRANT FOR RESEARCH PROJECT (To be completed by the Principal Investigator) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Title of the Project Name and Designation of the Principal-Investigator Name and Designation of the Co-Investigator Postal Address of the Principal Investigator and Co-investigator Name of the institution/organisation in which the project will be carried out Name of other institution(s)/ Organisation(s) involved in the project : : : : : : 7. Duration of the project : 8. Total amount of assistance required : 9. Following documents are enclosed : Statement I – An abstract, not exceeding one page, describing the back ground, objectives, methodology and figures of year-wise budget. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Statement II - Should contain the following : State of Art of the subject including work done in India and elsewhere; Detailed literature survey Objectives Detailed methodology Quarter-wise work-plan PERT – Chart Practical relevance/utility of the project Agencies which can utilize the results of the project. Statement III – giving brief background of the investigator who will carry out the project including papers published in the area of the proposed research project. Statement IV – indicating facilities (equipment/instrument) available at institution organisation for carrying out the projects. Statement V – Project budget in the prescribed format. 157 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) APPENDIX TO THE APPLICATION FOR GRANT OF RESEARCH PROJECTS PROJECT BUDGET A. 1. Salaries & Wages : Investigator 2. Research Associate 3. SRF/JRF/SPF/JPF 4. Supporting technical staff I Year II Year III Year Total or other personnel, if any Grand total : ……………………………………………. ……………………………………………. * Please specify, the rate of salary and wages per month for each category and also rates of HRA and Medical reimbursement. B. Permanent Equipment Grand total: …………………………………………… C. Expendables (Chemicals & Glassware) D. Travel E. Other project costs, if any (please specify) F. Contigencies G. Institutional charges (15% of the total Project Cost) Grand Total : …………………………………………… Procedure for sending the research projects to Ministry of Environment and Education, New Delhi: 158 Biosphere Reserve Information Series (BRIS) Volume 2(1-2) 1

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Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. Biosphere Reserves Information Series (BRIS). Published by Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur. 2(1-2).

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