Phytotaxa 62: 13–24
(2012)
www.mapress.com/ phytotaxa /
Copyright © 2012 Magnolia Press
ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)
PHYTOTAXA
Article
ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)
Using the internet to aid in discovery of unrecognized type material
BASTIAN STEUDEL2, MICHAEL KESSLER1 & RETO NYFFELER1
1
Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
Biodiversity, Macroecology & Conservation Biogeography Group, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-AugustUniversity of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; email: bastiansteudel@aol.com
2
Abstract
Herbaria contain many specimens for which identification to species and family is not up-to-date with current
classifications. However, updated species names are essential as key information for publishing digitized specimen data
on internet-based online resources such as Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; www.gbif.org). Keeping
herbarium collections current relative to classification of species and families poses a particular challenge to herbarium
staff. Especially, families with a dynamic record of repeated changes in generic classification, such as Orchidaceae,
require much curatorial attention. We used the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCL; apps.kew.org/wcsp/
home.do) for rapid validation of current species names of specimens of Orchidaceae housed at the combined herbaria of
the University of Zurich (Z) and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ZT). In order to evaluate the possible
type status of specimens, we consulted the original species description when the reviewed specimens were collected
prior to the date of the publication. Within 600 hours of labour, we reviewed and updated species names for about 10,000
orchid specimens and located 280 previously unrecognized type specimens. Almost half of the type specimens located in
the general collections represent species described by Rudolf Schlechter, Fritz Kraenzlin, and Rudolf Mansfeld, whose
original material was destroyed in 1943 in the Herbarium Berolinense (B) and for which discovery at Z+ZT is therefore
particularly valuable.
Introduction
At a time when global biodiversity is under ever increasing threat, herbarium collections are gaining
importance as repositories of information and sources for discovery of new species (e. g. Bebber et al. 2010).
Access to specimens and label information relies on accurate assignment (i. e. identification) of current
species names, which is particularly crucial for internet-based information systems such as the Global
Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; www.gbif.org). However, herbaria often hold specimens for which
species names do not reflect current classification. This is especially the case for Orchidaceae (Jussieu 1789:
64). Currently, about 800 genera and at least 24,000 species of orchids are recognized (Fay & Chase 2009).
However, delimitation of some orchid genera has repeatedly changed over time, resulting in a large number of
species variously transferred to different genera. A prominent example is the genus Epidendrum (Linnaeus
1763: 1347), described in the 2nd edition of Species plantarum. Surprisingly, Linnaeus himself had already
described a different genus Epidendrum (Linnaeus 1753: 952) in the 1st edition of Species plantarum. The
older version of the name was later rejected because taxonomists had been using the name Epidendrum with
the conserved type E. nocturnum Jacquin (1760: 29), which Linnaeus included in his concept of Epidendrum
in 1763. Epidendrum L. (1753), lectotypified with E. nodosum L., is now treated as a synonym of the genus
Brassavola (Brown 1813: 216). Brassavola has two additional synonyms, whereas Epidendrum L. (1763)
currently has 32 synonyms (Pridgeon et al. 2006; World Checklist of Selected Plant Families [WCL]). Such
confusions in orchid taxonomy are not rare and require a broad grasp of the whole family to overcome, which
only few people have. A database with all known taxa linked to the current synonyms like WCL
Accepted by Mark Chase, 6 Aug. 2012; published online in PDF: 13 Aug. 2012
13
(apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do) provides easy access to this knowledge. In addition to the many changes in
generic names, there is a vast number of synonyms at species level in orchids due to their rarity and paucity of
collections. This has resulted in many orchid species being described from single collections, leading to the
description of new species based on only a few, possibly variable, characters. For herbarium staff it is timeconsuming to check all possible filing places for a specific taxon, especially in large genera. To face these
vexing problems we re-organized our holdings of non-European orchid specimens in the combined herbaria of
the University of Zurich (Z) and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ZT) (abbreviation used
below: Z+ZT) according to current taxonomy and briefly report on our experiences here. Furthermore,
identification of type material among specimens of the general collection is an important task of herbaria in
order to provide inventories and lists of available type specimens to the community of taxonomists for online
access.
This report is intended to provide a working protocol for efficiently updating herbarium holdings with the
help of online database resources, provide estimates of working hours required to update a larger herbarium
collection and report, in addition, on the existence of type material of Orchidaceae at Z+ZT, mainly collected
or described by Schlechter, Kraenzlin, and Mansfeld, for which the first set, for the most part, was destroyed
in Berlin in 1943.
Methods
We focused on non-European orchids because collections housed in the combined herbaria Z+ZT are for the
most part more than 60 years old and lacked current species names. The species name as given on the label of
every specimen of non-European orchid was compared to the WCL. The WCL provides the most up-to-date
view on species classification and synonyms for 173 seed plant families. Compared to other taxonomic
information systems it provides not just nomenclatural information (including the reference to its original
publication) but gives information on its taxonomic status as either being accepted by the authority of the
family treatment as “valid” species or as synonym of some other species. Specimens were annotated with the
current names and marked as investigated for species assignment. Note that this did not involve new
determinations but rather “only” the updating of the names based on current classification. We invested about
600 hours of labour over two years to review the orchid holdings at the combined herbaria Z+ZT.
For identification of type specimens, all specimens collected prior to the publication date of the
protologue were checked for potential type status via Tropicos (www.tropicos.org) and reference to the
original publication. Other possibilities for a specimen to represent type material were checked, e. g. for an
intraspecific taxon if the specimen was collected before the intraspecific name was published. For all type
specimens, a copy of the original species description (= protologue) was added to the folder of the specimen
and a digital image of the specimen was made accessible through the website of the combined herbaria Z+ZT
(www.herbarien.uzh.ch/index_en.html) for easy online access.
Almost half of the discovered type specimens (129 of the 280 specimens) represent type material of
species described by Schlechter (1872-1925). An additional 17 specimens turned out to be type material of
species described by Kraenzlin (1847-1934). Additionally, nine type specimens represent species described by
Mansfeld (1901-1960). Schlechter and Mansfeld worked as taxonomists at the herbarium in Berlin. The
material used by Kraenzlin was sold to Berlin in 1907 (Poppendieck 2001). As most type material of the
orchid collections of the Herbarium Berolinense in Berlin (B) was destroyed in 1943, this material may be
particularly valuable. To assess whether type material of species described by Schlechter, Kraenzlin and
Mansfeld located at Z+ZT is today still present at the herbarium in Berlin, we did not rely on published lists of
orchid type specimens stored at B (Butzin 1978; 1980; 1981) because these lists may not be complete (Butzin
1981). Instead, we directly checked the holdings at B. Unfortunately, most material of the genus Habenaria
(Willdenow 1805: 5) was on loan, and therefore it remains unclear which specimens of Habenaria are still
also available from B.
14 •
Phytotaxa 62 © 2012 Magnolia Press
STEUDEL ET AL.
Results
The review of species names resulted in updating of about 60% of some 10,000 specimens investigated,
whereas the remaining 40% exhibited species names that were current compared to the WCL classification.
Discovery of 280 type specimens, which so far had remained unrecognized in the general herbarium
collection, increased the number of orchid type specimens at the combined herbaria Z+ZT by about 70% to a
total of some 680 specimens. For some species, the Tropicos database did not provide any information about
where the type material is housed or specify that type material was destroyed at B (Table 1). Table 1 provides
a list of type material discovered at Z+ZT compared to the holdings at B. During these investigations, we also
found in the Herbarium Berolinense some type specimens that were previously not recognised as types but
were stored as part of the general holdings at B.
Discussion
Our project has greatly increased the utility of the collection of non-European orchids in the combined
herbaria of the University of Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (Z+ZT). Digital
images of the newly located type specimens can be consulted through the website of the Herbarium Z+ZT
(www.herbarien.uzh.ch). Now, due to the updated species names a specialist is able to confirm or further
verify the species names. In the face of global decrease of biodiversity, herbarium collections are important as
repositories of information and sources for the discovery of new species (Bebber et al. 2010; Smith &
Figueiredo 2011). The easy and rapid access to specimens of a certain taxon of interest in the collection is
crucial for these investigations. Additional value is yielded through the discovery of type specimens not
recognised previously.
The discovery of type specimens of species described by Schlechter, Kraenzlin and Mansfeld is
particularly valuable because most orchid type material at B was destroyed (Butzin 1978; 1980; 1981). Type
material of other families was destroyed 1943 in Berlin as well. A recent example is the discovery of type
specimens of Solanum Linnaeus (1753: 184) in the Herbarium Göttingen (GOET) (Vorontsova & Knapp
2010). It is likely that isotypes of orchid species described by Schlechter, Kraenzlin and Mansfeld were
distributed to Z+ZT because of the close scientific collaboration of these scientists with Hans Schinz.
Therefore, some type material destroyed in Berlin may be stored at the combined herbaria Z+ZT. The material
of species described by Kraenzlin needs to be further compared with fragments of the collections that
Kraenzlin kept for his studies. These fragments are now, after a chequered history, stored again at the
Herbarium Hamburgense (HBG) (Poppendieck 2001).
In some cases, direct comparison of material stored at B with the information provided by Tropicos
revealed that the material was in fact not lost, i. e. type material still exists for Isochilus alatus (Schlechter
1912: 360), Neobolusia stolzii (Schlechter 1915: 482), Satyrium monadenum (Schlechter 1915: 527),
Satyrium rhynchanthoides (Schlechter 1915: 529), Schizochilus sulphureus (Schlechter 1915: 486), and
Stolzia angustifolia (Mansfeld 1934: 1062). In other cases, the material was listed as stored in B, but it was in
reality missing (Table 1). However, for most type specimens we discovered (about 200), there is no
information provided by Tropicos in which herbarium the material might be located (Table 1).
Our study shows that the use of the WCL is straight-forward, widely accessible, and quick. Thus, we
recommend reviewing herbarium holdings using online-based resources for the benefit of taxonomic research.
In this way, a consistent system of species naming can be applied easily. Compared to the WCL, Tropicos has
other advantages such as the inclusion of specimen information or taxonomic names above the genus rank.
Recently, several different taxonomic databases like WCL and Tropicos have been combined to form “The
Plant List” (http://theplantlist.org), which provides a comprehensive checklist of accepted species names and
their classification, including a new source called "confidence level" for a quick impression about the "value"
of the status. This may, in the near future, greatly assist updating of species names and family assignments in
herbarium collections in the form as outline above.
ONLINE TYPE DISCOVERY
Phytotaxa 62 © 2012 Magnolia Press
• 15
TABLE 1 List of type material so far unrecognized at the combined herbaria of the University of Zurich and the Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (Z+ZT) with additional information derived from Tropicos and the collections at
the Herbarium Berolinense (B).
Species
Acampe renschiana Rchb.f.
Ancistrorhynchus laxiflorus
Mansf.
Ancistrorhynchus laxiflorus
Mansf.
Angraecum caffrum Bolus
Angraecum caffrum Bolus
Angraecum filifolium
Schltr.
Angraecu m globulosum
Hochst.
Angraecum kamerunense
Schltr.
Angraecum parcum Schltr.
Angraecum parcum Schltr.
Angraecum plehnianum
Schltr.
Angraecum podochiloides
Schltr.
Angraecum podochiloides
Schltr.
Angraecum pungens Schltr.
Angraecum scandens
Schltr.
Angraecum schumanni
Kraenzl.
Angraecum stolzii Schltr.
Angraecum straussii Schltr.
Angraecum trachyrrhizum
Schltr.
Ansellia africana Lindl. var.
australis Summerh.
Aphyllorchis parviflora
King & Pantl.
Bicornella parviflora Ridl.
Bipinnula
polysyka
Kraenzl.
Bollea coelestis Rchb.f.
Brachycorythis oligophylla
Kraenzl.
Brachycorythis stolzii
Schltr.
B r a c h y c o r y th i s t y s on i i
Bolus
Brownleea gracilis Schltr.
Bulbophyllum alsiosum
Ames
Bulbophyllum mindanaense
Ames
Bulbophyllum
vanoverberghii Ames
Country
Madagascar
Tanzania
Collection
Hildebrandt 3392
Schlieben 3731
Date
Apr 1880
4 Apr 1933
Cited in Tropicos
B
B
Berlin
no
yes
Tanzania
Schlieben 3731
4 Apr 1933
B
yes
South Africa
South Africa
Congo
Rehmann 5861
Rehmann 5860-5861
Schlechter 12791
1875-1880
1875-1880
Sep 1899
no
no
no
no
no
no
Ethiopia
Schimper 1565
1840
no
no
Cameroon
Winkler 209
22 Jul 1904
no
no
Malawi
Malawi
Cameroon
Stolz 640
Stolz 640
Schlechter 12780
11 Mar 1911
11 Mar 1911
Oct 1899
no
no
no
yes
yes
no
Cameroon
Schlechter 15769
19 Oct 1905
no
yes
Cameroon
Schlechter 15769
19 Oct 1905
no
yes
Cameroon
Cameroon
Schlechter 15774
Schlechter 12739
27 Sep 1905
Sep 1899
no
no
no
no
Cameroon
Braun 20
s.d.
no
no
Malawi
Cameroon
Mozambique
Stolz 2508
Schlechter 15771
Schlechter 12256
Feb 1914
Apr 1905
11 Apr 1898
B, K
no
no
no
no
no
Angola
Baum 280
15 Oct 1899
no
no
India
Pantling 383
Jul 1895
unknown
no
Madagascar
Uruguay
Hildebrandt 3820
Arechavaleta 2627
Jan 1881
Nov 1875
no
no
no
no
[unknown]
Angola
Klaboch 75
Baum 614
s.d.
1 Jan 1900
no
no
no
no
Malawi
Stolz 2382
Dec 1913
no
no
South Africa
Tyson 479
Feb 1883
no
no
Tanzania
Philippines
Stolz 1178
Elmer 9817
Apr 1908
no
MO
yes
no
Philippines
Elmer 11307
Jun 1909
no
no
Philippines
Vanoverbergh 712
29 Jul 1914
no
yes
......continued on next page
16 •
Phytotaxa 62 © 2012 Magnolia Press
STEUDEL ET AL.
TABLE 1. (Continued)
Species
Calanthe yunnanesis Rolfe
Calyptrochilum orientale
Schltr.
Calyptrochilum orientale
Schltr.
Camaridium tuerckheimii
Schltr.
Centrostigma nyassanum
Schltr.
Ceratandra bicolor Sond.
ex Drège
Ceratostylis capitata Zoll.
& Moritzi
Cheirostylis schliebenii
Mansf. ex Schlieb.
Cirrhopetalum africanum
Schltr.
Cirrhopetalum africanum
Schltr.
Cirrhopetalum
sarcophyllum var. minor
King & Pantl.
Coelogyne elmeri Ames
Corallorhiza macrantha
Schltr.
Country
China
Malawi
Collection
Henry 11107
Stolz 469
Date
s.d.
Dec 1910
Cited in Tropicos
MO
no
Berlin
no
no
Malawi
Stolz 469
Dec 1910
no
no
Guatemala
Türckheim von 1771
Mar 1907
B (destr.), US
no
Malawi
Stolz 2452
Jan 1914
no
no
South Africa
Ecklon 1574
s.d.
no
no
Indonesia
Zollinger 1620
s.d.
no
no
Tanzania
Schlieben 4066
8 Jul 1933
no
yes
Malawi
Stolz 1411
1912
no
no
Malawi
Stolz 2406
s.d.
no
no
India
Pantling 95
May 1894
no
no
Philippines
Mexico
Elmer 10694
Pringle 4723
May 1909
Jun 1894
no
no
Cranichis thysan ochila
B.L.Rob. & Greenm.
Cynorkis gymnadenoides
Schltr.
Cynorkis kassneriana
Kraenzl.
Cynorkis oblonga Schltr.
Cynorkis rupicola Schltr.
Cyrtopodium paranaense
Schltr.
Cyrtopodium paranaense
Schltr.
D e n d ro b i u m c e r i n u m
Schltr.
Dendrobium pleianthum
Schltr.
D e n d ro b i u m
schimperianum A.Rich.
Dendrochilum lucbanense
Ames
Diaphananthe ovalis
Summerh.
Diaphananthe stolzii Schltr.
Disperis anthoceros Rchb.f.
Disperis bolusiana Schltr.
Mexico
Pringle 6023
2 Nov 1894
Malawi
Stolz 1117
10 Feb 1912
no
Lectot. MSC Isolectot.
AMES, BM, BR, DAO,
E , E N C B , G, K , M ,
MEXU(photo), MO,
MSC, NY, P, PH, UC, US
AMES, K, MEXU, MO,
US
no
no
Central Africa
Kassner 3124
Oct 1908
B, K
no
Mozambique
Malawi
Brazil
Schlechter 12171
Stolz 1151
Dusén 14613
2 Apr 1898
1 Mar 1912
21 Feb 1914
Brazil
Dusén 14613
21 Feb 1914
no
New Caledonia Schlechter 15654
6 Jan 1903
no
no
no
no
Lectot. AMES Isolectot. no
MO
Lectot. AMES Isolectot. no
MO
no
no
Bismarck
Archipelago
Ethiopia
Schlechter 16303
10 Jul 1907
no
no
Schimper 1218
Apr 1840
no
no
Philippines
Elmer 1571
May 1907
MO
yes (as nr. 7571)
Zaire
Stauffer 1026
14 Jan 1955
no
no
Malawi
Ethiopia
South Africa
Stolz 714
Schimper 1295
Schlechter 5346
10 May 1911
1863-1868
15 Sep 1894
no
no
no
ONLINE TYPE DISCOVERY
yes
no
no
......continued on next page
Phytotaxa 62 © 2012 Magnolia Press
• 17
TABLE 1. (Continued)
Species
Disperis bolusiana Schltr.
Disperis cooperi Harv.
Disperis fanniniae Harv.
Disperis gracilis Schltr.
Disperis neilgherrensis
Wight
Disperis paludosa Harv. ex
Lindl.
Disperis stenoglossa Schltr.
Disperis stolzii Schltr.
Disperis virginialis Schltr.
Diuris corymbosa Lindl.
Diuris palustris Lindl.
Diuris porrifolia Lindl.
Diuris venosa Rupp.
Epidendrum durangense
Hágsater & Holman
Country
South Africa
South Africa
South Africa
South Africa
India
Collection
Schlechter 5321
Cooper 1100
Cooper 1092
Schlechter 4393
Wight 3018
Date
13 Sep 1894
1862
1862
5 Feb 1894
s.d.
Cited in Tropicos
no
no
no
no
no
Berlin
no
no
no
no
no
South Africa
Ecklon 3935
s.d.
no
no
South Africa
Malawi
South Africa
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Mexico
Schlechter 3001
Stolz 672
Schlechter 4453
Gunn s.n.
Gunn s.n.
Preiss 2195
Boorman s.n.
Hágsater 4666
21 Aug 1893
1911
10 Feb 1894
s.d.
s.d.
25 Jul 1839
Jan 1915
15 Aug 1980
no
yes
no
no
yes
no
no
no
Epidendrum hagsateri
Christenson
Epipactis veratrifolia
Boiss.& Hohenh.
Epipactis veratrifolia
Boiss.& Hohenh.
Epipactis veratrifolia
Boiss.& Hohenh.
Epipactis veratrifolia
Boiss.& Hohenh.
Eria kingii Hook.f.
Eulophia arenicola Schltr.
Eulophia bletilloides Schltr.
Eulophia boltonii Harv. ex
Rolfe
Eulophia calantha Schltr.
Eulophia campestris Wall.
ex Lindl.
Eulophia coeloglossa
Schltr.
Eulophia corallorhiziformis
Schltr.
Eulophia corymbosa Schltr.
Eulophia elegans Schltr.
Euloph ia ga strodioides
Schltr.
Eulophia guineensis Lindl.
var. kibilana Schltr.
Eulophia holubii Rolfe
Eulophia
junodiana
Kraenzl.
Mexico
Pringle 4728
14 Jun 1894
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
AMO, AMES, B, BR, C,
CA, ENCB, F, G, IBUG, K,
LL, M, MEXU, MICH,
MO, NY, P, SEL, W, XA
MO
Iran
Kotschy s.n.
no
no
Iran
Kotschy 401
G
no
Iran
Kotschy 253
no
no
Iran
Kotschy 104
no
no
India
Angola
Malawi
South Africa
King 6491
Baum 384
Stolz 1800
MacOwan 681
Aug 1884
4 Nov 1899
1913
s.d.
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
Angola
Afghanistan
Baum 631
Griffith 5192
5 Jan 1900
s.d.
no
no
no
no
Angola
Baum 367
2 NOv 1899
no
no
South Africa
Galpin 1221
Feb 1891
no
no
Angola
Malawi
Mozambique
Baum 377
Stolz 1980
Schlechter 12253
4 Nov 1899
1912
11 Apr 1898
no
B, K, Z
no
no
no
no
Malawi
Stolz 1875
1912
no
no
Namibia
Mozambique
Schinz s.n.
Junod 122
12 Jan 1880
1890
no
no
no
no
27 Jun 1843
no
......continued on next page
18 •
Phytotaxa 62 © 2012 Magnolia Press
STEUDEL ET AL.
TABLE 1. (Continued)
Species
Eulophia macra Schltr.
Eulo ph ia ma ssokoe nsis
Schltr.
Eulophia monticola Schltr.
Eulophia sabulosa Schltr.
Eulophia stolzii Schltr.
Eulophia subsaprophytica
Schltr.
Eulophia tainioides Schltr.
Eulophia triceras Schltr.
Eulophia tricristata Schltr.
Eulophia tuberculata Bolus
Eulophia vestita Schltr.
Eulophia warburgii Schltr.
Eulophidium nyassanum
Schltr.
Habenaria albomarginata
King & Pantl.
Habenaria amambayensis
Schltr.
Habenaria arechavaletae
Kraenzl.
Habenaria bangii Schltr.
Habenaria
decorata
Hochst. ex A.Rich.
Habenaria
filifera
S.Watson
H a b e n a r i a f u rc i p e t a l a
Schltr.
Habenaria guentheriana
Kraenzl.
Habenaria harmsiana
Schltr.
Habenaria insignis Schltr.
Habenaria macowaniana
Kraenzl.
Habenaria marxiana Schltr.
Habenaria miguelii Schltr.
Habenaria minutiflora Ridl.
Habenaria
pringlei
B.L.Rob.
H ab e naria q ua r t i ni an a
A.Rich.
Habenaria rautanenii
Kraenzl.
Habenaria schimperiana
Hochst. ex A.Rich.
Habenaria stolzii Kraenzl.
Habenaria suaveolens
Dalzell
Country
Angola
Malawi
Collection
Baum 341
Stolz 1831
Date
30 Oct 1899
1913
Cited in Tropicos
no
no
Berlin
no
yes
Malawi
Malawi
Malawi
Malawi
Stolz 2449
Stolz 2575
Stolz 739
Stolz 1807
Jan 1914
Mar 1914
2 Jun 1911
1912
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
Mozambique
Malawi
Angola
South Africa
Malawi
Angola
Malawi
Schlechter 12106
Stolz 1806
Baum 357
Rehmann 4296
Stolz 625
Baum 496
Stolz 1466
10 Feb 1898
Jun 1912
1 Nov 1899
1875-1880
10 Mar 1911
30 Nov 1899
1912
K, Z
no
no
no
not listed
no
no
no
yes
no
no
yes
no
yes
India
Pantling 450
Jul 1896
?
? on loan
Paraguay
Hassler 10969
Feb 1913
no
? on loan
Uruguay
Arechavaleta 1160
Feb 1880
no
? on loan
Bolivia
Ethiopia
Bang 1239
Schimper 1253
1891
3 Aug 1838
GH, MO, us
MO
? on loan
? on loan
Mexico
Pringle 3187
31 Jul 1890
MO
? on loan
Malawi
Stolz 1189
1 May 1912
no
? on loan
Bolivia
Buchtien 465
20 Jan 1927
AMES, G, K, NY
? on loan
Malawi
Stolz 583
3 Mar 1911
no
? on loan
South Africa
South Africa
Schlechter 4517
MacOwan 767
6 Feb 1894
s.d.
no
no
? on loan
? on loan
Malawi
Bolivia
Madagascar
Mexico
Stolz 1149
Bang 2910
Hildebrandt 3729
Pringle 3823
1 Mar 1912
s.d.
Nov 1880
7 Aug 1891
B (destr.), K, S
AMES, GH, MO, NY, US
Holot. BM, Isot. HBG
GH, MO
? on loan
? on loan
? on loan
? on loan
Ethiopia
Schimper 1349
24 Jul 1838
no
? on loan
Namibia
Rautanen 481
s.d.
no
? on loan
Ethiopia
Schimper s.n.
s.d.
MO?
? on loan
Malawi
India
Stolz 140
Stocks s.n.
18 Oct 1906
s.d.
no
no
? on loan
? on loan
......continued on next page
ONLINE TYPE DISCOVERY
Phytotaxa 62 © 2012 Magnolia Press
• 19
TABLE 1. (Continued)
Species
Habenaria subauriculata
B.L.Rob.& Greenm.
Habenaria
vaginata
A.Rich.
Habenaria variabilis Ridl.
Herminium angustilabre
King & Pantl.
Herminium gracile King &
Pantl.
Herminium jaffreyanum
King & Pantl.
Hexadesmia confusa Schltr.
Country
Mexico
Collection
Pringle 4830
Date
Aug 1894
Cited in Tropicos
MO
Berlin
? on loan
Ethiopia
Schimper 1350
24 Jul 1838
no
? on loan
Ethiopia
India
Schimper 1265
Pantling 375
27 Aug 1863
Aug 1896
no
no
? on loan
no
India
Pantling 397
Jul 1896
no
no
India
Pantling 237
Aug 1896
no
no
Guatemala
AMES, BR, US, W
no
Holothrix brachylabris
Sond.
Holothrix multisecta Bolus
Holothrix nyasae Rolfe var.
blepharodactyla Schltr.
Holothrix squamulosa
Lindl.
Holothrix squamulosa
Lindl.
Holothrix villosa Lindl.
Huttonaea oreophila Schltr.
Huttonaea pulchra Harv.
Ionopsis pygmaea Cogn.
Isochilus alatus Schltr.
South Africa
v o n T ü r c k h e i m I I , May 1908
23478
Ecklon 107.11
s.d.
no
no
South Africa
Malawi
Scully 1371
Stolz 2527
Jan 1886
1914
no
no
no
no
South Africa
Ecklon 1581
s.d.
no
no
South Africa
Ecklon 70.10
s.d.
no
no
South Africa
South Africa
South Africa
Trinidad
Guatemala
Ecklon 1.11
Schlechter 6931
Cooper 1091
Broadway 2251
Türckheim, von 1831
s.d.
3 Mar 1895
1862
27 Mar 1908
Jun 1907
no
yes
no
no
no
Switzerland
(cult. hort.)
Switzerland
(cult. hort.)
Jamaica
Regel 53.12
s.d.
no
no
no
Holot. AMES Isot. MO
Holot. B (destr.) Isot.
AMES, NY
no
Regel s.n.
s.d.
no
no
Harris 7833
6 Mar 1900
no
no
South Africa
Schlechter 12252
11 Apr 1898
no
no
India
Pantling 449
Jul 1896
no
no
India
Pantling 201
Oct-Dec 1891
no
no
Angola
Mechow von 366
Nov-Dec 1879 no
no
Angola
Mechow 419
Dec 1880
no
no
Angola
Mechow 319
Nov 1879
no
no
Central African Mechow 528
Republic
Angola
Malange 415
Nov 1880
no
no
Dec 1880
no
no
South Africa
1875-1880
no
Laelia anceps Lindl. var.
superba Regel
Laelia anceps Lindl. var.
superba Regel
Lepanthes divaricata Fawc.
& Rend.
Liparis hemipilioides
Schltr.
Liparis pygmaea King &
Pantl.
Liparis resupinata Ridl. var.
ridleyi King & Pantl.
Lissochilus alexandri
Rchb.f.
Lissochilus antennisepalus
Rchb.f.
Lissochilus dilectus Rchb.f.
f. minor Rchb.f.
Lissochilus dilectus Rchb.f.
f. minor Rchb.f.
Lissochilus platypterus
Rchb.f.
Lissochilus rehmannii Rolfe
20 •
Phytotaxa 62 © 2012 Magnolia Press
Rehmann 4297
no
no
......continued on next page
STEUDEL ET AL.
TABLE 1. (Continued)
Species
Listera alternifolia King &
Pantl.
Listera longicaulis King &
Pantl.
Lucum apulverulenta Mart.
& Eichler ex Miq.
Masdevallia bangii Schltr.
Microstylis japonica Miq.
Microstylis tenuis Watson
Monadenia junodiana
Kraenzl.
Monadenia multiflora
Sond.
Mystacidium gracile Harv.
Mystacidium graminifolium
Ridl.
Neobolusia stolzii Schltr.
Country
India
Collection
Pantling 390
Date
Jul 1897
Cited in Tropicos
no
Berlin
no
India
Pantling 391
Jul 1897
no
no
Guyana
Martius s.n.
s.d.
B, F, NY, P, US
no
Bolivia
Japan
Mexico
South Africa
Bang 2424
Tschonoski s.n.
Pringle 3186
Junod 1208
8 Sep 1894
1866
27 Jul 1890
s.d.
AMES, MO, NY
unknown
Isot. MEXU, MO, NY
no
no
no
no
no
South Africa
Ecklon 1564
s.d.
no
no
South Africa
Madagascar
Cooper 271
Hildebrandt 3977
1860
Mar 1881
no
no
Malawi
Stolz 1076
Jan 1912
Oberonia emarginata King India
& Pantl.
Oberonia verticillata Wight India
Octomeria boliviensis Rolfe Bolivia
Pantling 423
Sep 1895
no
Lectot. BM,
Isolectot. P
Holot. B (destr.)
Isot. K
no
Wight 2940
Bang 2185
s.d.
1894
no
no
Oncidium boliviense Rolfe
Bolivia
Bang 2196
16 May 1894
Oncidium johannis Schltr.
Guatemala
von Türckheim 1639
Feb 1908
Peristylus petitianus
A.Rich.
Platanthera ang olens is
Schltr.
Platanthera rhodostachys
Schltr.
Pleurothallis complicata
Rolfe ex Rusby
P l e u ro t h a l l i s f o r m o s a
Schltr.
P l e u ro t h a l l i s p r i n g l e i
Schltr.
Ethiopia
Schimper 1257
6 Aug 1828
no
Holot. AMES
Isot. F, GH, M,
MO, NY, US, W
Holot. K Isot. GH,
LE, MO, NY, US
Holot. B (destr.) Lectot. US
Isolectot. AMES, P, NY
no
no
Angola
Baum 326
26 Oct 1899
no
no
Angola
Baum 381
4 Nov 1899
no
no
Bolivia
Bang 1568
Jul-aug 1892
no
Guatemala
H . T ü r c k h e i m v o n Oct 1907
1995
C. G. Pringle 4709
14 Jun 1894
no
no
no
yes
no
Pleurothallis resupinata Mexico
Ames
C. G. Pringle 10135
Pleurothallis tuerckheimii
Schltr.
Podochilus bimaculatus
Schltr.
Podochilus elmeri Ames
Podochil u s l ongilabris
Ames
H . T ü r c k h e i m v o n Nov 1907
1996
R. Schlechter 16497
6 Sep 1907
Holot. K Isot. AMES, F,
GH, M, MO, NY, US, W
Holot. W Isot. AMES,
BM, BR, HB, US
Lectot. MEXU Isolectot.
AMES, BM, BR, HB, HBG,
K, MO, NY, US, W
Holot. GH Isot. AMES,
BM, HB, HBG, JE, K, LE,
M, MEXU, MINN, MO,
NY, US, W
Lectot. AMES Isolectot.
BM, BR, HB, NY, US, W
no
A. D. E. Elmer 10718
A. D. E. Elmer 7585
MO
MO
Mexico
Guatemala
Bismarck
Archipelago
Philippines
Philippines
15 Nov 1905
May 1909
May 1907
no
no
no
no
no
no
......continued on next page
ONLINE TYPE DISCOVERY
Phytotaxa 62 © 2012 Magnolia Press
• 21
TABLE 1. (Continued)
Species
Polystachya eusepala
Kraenzl.
P ol y s t a c h y a o b a n e n s i s
Rendle
Prasophyllum giganteum
Lindl.
Prasophyllum truncatum
Lindl.
Pte rog loss a sp is s tric ta
Schltr.
Pterygodium acutifolium
Lindl.
Pterygodium biflorum
Hochst. ex A.Rich.
Pterygodium leucanthum
Bolus
Pterygodium newdigatae
Bolus var. cleistogamum
Bolus
Pterygodium newdigatae
Bolus
Quekettia australis Kraenzl.
Risleya atropurpurea King
& Pantl.
Roeperocharis benettiana
Rchb.f.
Roeperocharis elata Schltr.
Roeperocharis ukingensis
Schltr.
Roeperocharis urbaniana
Kraenzl.
Satyrium aphyllum Schltr.
Satyrium aphyllum Schltr.
Satyrium aphyllum Schltr.
Satyrium aphyllum Schltr.
Satyrium brachyrhynchum
Schltr.
Satyrium colliferum Schltr.
Country
Congo
Collection
T. Kaesnner 3235
Date
18 Aug 1908
Cited in Tropicos
no
Berlin
no
Nigeria
P. A. Talbot 930
1911
no
no
Australia
Preiss 2215
26 Jul 1839
no
no
Australia
Gunn s.n.
s.d.
no
no
Malawi
Stolz 1319
30 May 1912
no
no
South Africa
Ecklon 1.12
s.d.
no
no
Ethiopia
Schimper 570
6 Aug 1838
MO
no
South Africa
Bolus 8704
1896
no
no
South Africa
Schlechter 5908
9 Nov 18994
no
no
South Africa
MacOwan 1960
Oct 1894
no
no
Brazil
India
Bornmüller 142
Pantling 451
2 Sep 1904
Jul 1896
no
unknown
yes
no
Ethiopia
Schimper 1327
5 Sep 1863
no
no
Malawi
Malawi
Stolz 2032
Stolz 2612
Jul 1912
Mar 1914
no
no
yes
no
Ethiopia
Schimper 1333
20 Sep 1863
no
no
South Africa
South Africa
South Africa
South Africa
Malawi
Schlechter 6599
Schlechter 3723
Schlechter 3234
Maur 739
Stolz 2531
2 Feb 1895
16 Nov 1893
15 Sep 1893
s.d.
s.d.
no
no
no
no
no
yes
no
no
no
no
Malawi
Stolz 2546
s.d.
no
Satyrium colliferum Schltr.
Satyrium colliferum Schltr.
Satyrium colliferum Schltr.
Malawi
Malawi
Malawi
Stolz 2456
Stolz 2491
Stolz 1185
s.d.
s.d.
1 Api 1912
Lectot. K
Isolectot. EA
no
no
no
Satyrium emarcidum Bolus
Satyrium fallax Schltr.
Satyrium leucanthum
Schltr.
Satyrium maculatum Burch.
Satyrium mairei Schltr.
Satyrium marginatum Bolus
Satyrium monadenum
Schltr.
South Africa
Malawi
Malawi
Bolus 159
Stolz 2530
Stolz 2549
Sep 1883
s.d.
s.d.
no
no
no
South Africa
China
South Africa
Malawi
Drege 104
Maire s.n.
Bolus 4550
Stolz 2528
8 Oct 1903
s.d.
Oct 1879
s.d.
no
no
?
no
no
no
no (Lectot. Stolz 1031 B no (but the
(destr.) Isolectot. K)
number 1031)
......continued on next page
22 •
Phytotaxa 62 © 2012 Magnolia Press
no
no
no (but the
number 1088)
no
no
no
STEUDEL ET AL.
TABLE 1. (Continued)
Species
Satyrium nutans Kraenzl.
S at y r i u m o u t e n i q u e n s e
Schltr.
Satyrium princeps Bolus
Satyrium rhynchanthoides
Schltr.
Satyrium rhynchanthoides
Schltr.
Satyrium robustum Schltr.
Satyrium rupestre Schltr.
Country
South Africa
South Africa
Collection
Wilms 1357
Schlechter 5792
Date
Feb 1895
2 Nov 1894
Cited in Tropicos
no
no
Berlin
no
yes
South Africa
Malawi
Hallack 5929
Stolz 1074
Sep 1885
11 Ján 1912
no
yes
Malawi
Stolz 2435
s.d.
Malawi
South Africa
Stolz 2349
Schlechter 5980
s.d.
15 Nov 1894
no
Synt. B (destr.)
Isosynt. K
Synt. B (destr.)
Isosynt. K
no
no
Satyrium sceptrum Schltr.
Malawi
Stolz 2434
s.d.
Satyrium sphaeranthum
Schltr.
Satyrium unifolium Schltr.
Scelochilus tuerckheimii
Schltr.
Schizochilus angustifolius
Rolfe
Schizochilus flexuosus
Harv. ex Rolfe
Schizochilus sulphureus
Schltr.
Scopularia burchellii Lindl.
Sobralia buchtienii Schltr.
Sobralia caloglossa Schltr.
Sobralia pleiantha Schltr.
Spathoglottis wrayi Hook.f.
Sphyrarhynchus schliebenii
Mansf.
Spiranthes tenuiflora
Greenm.
Stelis effusa Schltr.
Malawi
Stolz 2529
s.d.
Malawi
Guatemala
Stolz 2453
Türckheim, von 1919
s.d.
Sep 1907
South Africa
Wood 10763
South Africa
Synt. (2434) B
(destr.) Isosynt.
EA, K
no
no
no
no (but number
5870)
no
no
no
no
s.d.
no
Lectot. US
Isolectot. AMES, US
no
Tyson 2605
Oct 1986
no
no
Malawi
Stolz 1075
11 Jan 1912
B (destr.) K
yes
South Africa
Bolivia
Bolivia
Costa Rica
Malesia
Tanzania
Ecklon 24.10
Buchtien 7211
Buchtien 7210
Pittier 3855
Wray 202
Schlieben 2892
s.d.
30 Nov 1922
13 Aug 1920
Feb 1891
s.d.
29 Oct 1933
no
AMES
no
Holot. W Isot. CR
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
Mexico
Pringle 6995
16 Feb 1899
no
Costa Rica
Tonduz 8279
Nov 1893
Stelis patula Schltr.
Guatemala
Türckheim, von 1916
Aug 1907
Stelis scandens Rolfe
Stelis tricuspis Schltr.
St e n o g l o t t i s f i m b r i a t a
Lindl. var. saxicola Schltr.
ex Kraenzl.
Stolzia angustifolia Mansf.
Bolivia
Costa Rica
South Africa
Bang 1817 a
Beolly 949
Schlechter 6820
s.d.
Jul 1885
20 Feb 1895
Holot. US Isot. F, MO,
SEL
Lectot. AMES Isolectot.
CR
Synt. B (destr.) Isosynt.
BR, G, W
AMES, GH, MO, NY
CR
no
Tanzania
Schlieben 3055
5 Dec 1932
Stolzia oligantha Mansf.
Tanzania
Schlieben 2967
Tainia hookeriana King &
Pantl.
Tridactyle brevifolia Mansf.
Tridactyle nyassana Schltr.
Tridactyle pulchella Schltr.
Tr i dact y le u ngui culat a
Mansf.
Tryphia major Sond.
India
no
no
no
no
no
no
Pantling 204
Holotype B
(destr.) Isot. BM
11 Nov 1932
Holotype B
(destr.) Isot. BM
Feb–Mar 1892 Co-t. K
no
Tanzania
Malawi
Malawi
Tanzania
Schlieben 2982
Stolz 658
Stolz 716
Schlieben 1352
12 Nov 1932
20 Mar 1911
10 May 1911
Oct 1931
Holot. B Isot. K
no
no
no
no
no
yes
no
South Africa
Ecklon 76
s.d.
no
no
ONLINE TYPE DISCOVERY
yes
no
Phytotaxa 62 © 2012 Magnolia Press
• 23
Acknowledgements
BS thanks Rubén Gallucci for his help and patience during the herbarium work. Rubén Gallucci and Josefine
Jacksch included the newly located type specimens in the digital database. For literature search support, we
thank Elena Benetti and Barbara Seitz. We thank Robert Vogt, curator at the Herbarium Berolinense (B), for
support with investigations in Berlin. Comments by Vicki Funk and three anonymous reviewers contributed to
improving a former version of the manuscript.
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24 •
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STEUDEL ET AL.