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2015, Nordic Journal of Botany
Described and illustrated is Memecylon trunciflorum R. D. Stone, an evidently localized endemic of the Udzungwa Mountains in southern Tanzania. The new species was previously confused with the vegetatively similar but distantly related M. erythranthum Gilg and M. semseii A. Fern. & R. Fern., from which it is distinguished by its anther connectives bearing a dorsal oil-gland and by its ellipsoid to obovoid fruits (vs anther connective gland absent and fruits globose in M. erythranthum and M. semseii). The new species is placed in M. sect. Magnifoliata R. D. Stone together with M. magnifoliatum A. Fern. & R. Fern., from which it differs by its smaller leaves mostly 9.5–15.0 x 3.5–6.0 cm (vs 18–35 x 8–13 cm), transverse veins 8–18 pairs (vs 25–28 pairs), short-pedunculate inflorescences with secondary axes well developed (vs peduncles and secondary axes absent), white flowers (vs bluish purple), and smaller fruits mostly 11.5– 14.5 x 9–11 mm on longer fruiting pedicels 8.0–13.5 mm (vs fruits 17–20 x 12–14 mm on pedicels 5.0–7.5 mm). Despite its local endemism, Memecylon trunciflorum has been assessed as ‘Least Concern’ according to IUCN criteria, although this assessment is dependent on the continued safeguarding of the Udzungwa Mountains National Park.
2014 •
The internal and external transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA were sequenced in 167 samples of Memecylon s.str. and 22 outgroup samples of Lijndenia, Mouriri, Spathandra, Votomita, and Warneckea. Maximum-likelihood analyses of ETS, ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 alignments yielded tree topologies that are not significantly incongruent, with one exception involving the Tanzanian sample Luke 9741. Monophyly of Memecylon s.str. is strongly supported in the separate ETS and the combined ETS + ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2 analyses. Also supported in all analyses except 5.8S is a sister-group relationship between a small species-group from western and central Africa (Memecylon subg. Mouririoidea, ovary 4-loculed) and the remaining taxa (M. subg. Memecylon, ovary unilocular). In the combined analysis, internal branches at the base of M. subg. Memecylon are short and weakly supported, yet within this large subgenus one finds a series of monophyletic groups representing different parts of the widespread paleotropical distribution (one group in western and central Africa; two separate groups in East Africa, one of these extending to southern Africa and disjunctly to western and northern Madagascar; one species-rich group occurring exclusively on Madagascar and the neighboring Comoro and Mascarene islands; and three distinct groups in Indo-Malesia, one of these also including the Seychelles endemic M. elaeagni). Within the western and central African clade, M. sect. Polyanthema sensu Jacques-Félix is paraphyletic with respect to M. sect. Afzeliana, and at the morphological level it seems to be a group defined by symplesiomorphies (ovary unilocular, fruit globose). Three East African species (M. fragrans, M. greenwayi, M. semseii) are returned to Memecylon s.str. after being erroneously transferred to Lijndenia by Borhidi. T he Madagascan endemic M. mocquerysii is no longer considered a taxonomic synonym of the distantly related, Tanzanian M. cogniauxii. In addition to elevating M. sect. Mouririoidea to subgeneric rank, the following changes are proposed in the infrageneric classification of African Memecylon: (1) the circumscription of sect. Polyanthema is narrowed to comprise only the members of the “M. polyanthemos complex” sensu Jacques-Félix; (2) Engler’s sections Tenuipedunculata, Cauliflora, and Obtusifolia are re-instated with emended descriptions (in the case of sect. Cauliflora with an expanded circumscription); (3) seven new sections, Buxifolia, Diluviana, Felixiocylon, Germainiocylon, Magnifoliata, Montana, and Sitacylon, are described; (4) the purported occurrence of M. sect. Pseudonaxiandra in East Africa is rejected. A key is provided to the two subgenera and twelve sections currently recognized in African Memecylon. Further study is needed toward a sectional classification of Indo-Malesian Memecylon, and for revision of the seven Madagascan sections recognized by Jacques-Félix.
Nordic Journal of Botany
Warneckea cordiformis sp. nov. (Melastomataceae–Olisbeoideae) from a coastal dry forest in northern Mozambique2013 •
Described and illustrated is Warneckea cordiformis R. D. Stone, an evidently localized endemic of coastal dry forest in Mozambique’s Cabo Delgado Province. In ‘Flora Zambesiaca’ the new species would key to W. sansibarica (Taub.) Jacq.-Fél., from which it is readily distinguished by the much smaller, ovate to cordiform leaves and white, short-pedicellate flowers. Because of its evidently very limited occurrence as well as on-going anthropogenic threats, Warneckea cordiformis is here assessed as ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR) B1a,b(iii) according to IUCN criteria. A key is provided to the Mozambican species of Warneckea.
2015 •
Lijndenia udzungwarum R.D. Stone & Q. Luke, a shrub or small tree of Tanzania’s Udzungwa Mountains, is described and illustrated. The placement of the new species in Lijndenia is indicated by its trinervate, papillose-muricate leaves and persistent bracteoles partially fused to form a cupule immediately subtending each flower. The cordate leaves of L. udzungwarum are unique in the genus. From the East African L. brenanii (A. Fern. & R. Fern.) Jacq.-Fél. and L. procteri (A. Fern. & R. Fern.) Borhidi, the new species is further distinguished by its capitellate inflorescences on long, filiform, axillary peduncles, resembling those of the Sri Lankan L. capitellata (Arn.) K. Bremer. Despite its local endemism, L. udzungwarum has been assessed as ‘Least Concern’ according to IUCN criteria, although this assessment is dependent on the continued safeguarding of the Udzungwa Mountains National Park. An identification key is provided for the three currently recognized Tanzanian species of Lijndenia.
2017 •
Memecylon sect. Buxifolia R.D. Stone (Melastomataceae, Olisbeoideae) is a group of forest shrubs and small understory trees distributed from tropical East Africa (Kenya and Tanzania) to eastern South Africa and with a disjunct occurrence in Madagascar. Previous authors had recognized three species of this section as occurring in Mozambique, i.e., M. natalense Markgr., M. torrei A. Fern. & R. Fern. and M. insulare A. Fern. & R. Fern. Here we describe four new species of M. sect. Buxifolia from Mozambique and adjacent parts of Malawi and Tanzania: Memecylon incisilobum R.D. Stone & I.G. Mona, M. nubigenum R.D. Stone & I.G. Mona, M. rovumense R.D. Stone & I.G. Mona and M. aenigmaticum R.D. Stone. In accordance with previous molecular results, M. incisilobum and M. nubigenum are semi-cryptic species that had been confused with M. natalense (considered here to be a South African endemic). Memecylon rovumense and M. aenigmaticum had also been confused with M. natalense, but their conspicuously verrucose-wrinkled fruits indicate a closer affinity with M. torrei. We assess the conservation status of each new species according to the IUCN Categories and Criteria, and provide an identification key to the seven species of Memecylon currently recognized in the flora of Mozambique.
South African Journal of Botany
Warneckea parvifolia (Melastomataceae-Olisbeoideae), a new "sand-forest" endemic from northeastern KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and southernmost Mozambique, and a phylogenetic analysis of eastern and southern African representatives of W. section Warneckea2013 •
Warneckea populations from “sand-forest” or “sand-thicket” habitats in Tembe Elephant Park, South Africa, and Licuati Forest Reserve in adjacent southern Mozambique were previously thought to be a small-leaved formof W. sousae, which typically includes larger-leaved plants ranging from central Mozambique northward to Tanzania. We examine this hypothesis using molecular and morphological evidence. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis of combined nrDNA ETS and ITS sequence data failed to resolve W. sousae and the Maputaland populations as an exclusively monophyletic group. Instead, the Kenyan endemic W. mouririifolia was strongly supported as the sister species of W. sousae, and the Maputaland plants were resolved in a separate, strongly supported clade together with populations of an as-yet undetermined Warneckea species from northern Mozambique. A hypothesis of exclusive monophyly for the plants from Tembe and Licuati had moderate support in separate ETS and ITS1 analyses (bootstrap proportions of 88% and 81%, respectively). Statistically significant differences in leaf dimensions and internode length were found between the Maputaland plants and typical W. sousae. We conclude that the populations from Tembe and Licuati represent a distinct species, which we describe as W. parvifolia. The species differs from W. sousae in having shorter internodes (mostly 5–25 mm not 10–60 mm long), smaller leaves (mostly 14–32 × 8–19 mm not 40–76 × 22–52 mm), shorter petioles (mostly 1–1.5 mm not 1.5–6 mm long), smaller flowers (hypanthium 1 × 1.5–1.75 mm not 1.5–2 × 2 mm; calyx lobes 0.5 mm not 0.75 mm long; staminal filaments 3–4 mm not 5 mm long; style 4–5 mm not 9 mm long), and globose fruit (not obovoid). An IUCN conservation status of Endangered (EN) B1a, b(ii, iii) is indicated for W. parvifolia, due to its limited distribution and projected declines in its habitat quality and area of occupancy.
2019 •
Earlier works recognised two South African species Memecylon bachmannii and M. natalense within M. sect. Buxifolia, but recent molecular analyses have revealed that M. natalense as previously circumscribed is not monophyletic and includes several geographically outlying populations warranting treatment as distinct taxa. In this revision we recognise five endemic South African species of which M. bachmannii and M. natalense are both maintained but with narrower circumscriptions, and M. kosiense, M. soutpansbergense and M. australissimum are newly described. Memecylon kosiense is localised in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal (Maputaland) and is closely related to M. incisilobum of southern Mozambique. Memecylon soutpansbergense, from Limpopo Province, was previously confused with M. natalense but is clearly distinguished on vegetative characters. Memecylon australissimum occurs in the Eastern Cape (Hluleka and Dwesa-Cwebe nature reserves) and has relatively small leaves like those of M. natalense, but the floral bracteoles are persistent and the fruit is ovoid as in M. bachmannii. We further designate a lectotype for M. natalense, provide an updated key to the South African species of Memecylon, and provisionally assess the status of each species in accordance with International Union for Conservation of Nature criteria.
2017 •
Described and illustrated is Warneckea albiflora R.D. Stone & N.P. Tenza, another localized endemic of coastal dry forest near Quiterajo in Mozambique's Cabo Delgado Province. In Flora Zambesiaca the new species would key to Memecylon sansibaricum Taub. [ ≡ Warneckea sansibarica (Taub.) Jacq.-Fél. ], but is distinguished by its elliptic-lanceolate, attenuate–acuminate leaves and white flowers borne on pedicels 3.5–4 mm long (versus leaves elliptic and rounded to shortly and obtusely acuminate, pedicels 6–15 mm long, and flowers pale blue to deep blue in Warneckea sansibarica). Because of its evidently very limited occurrence as well as ongoing anthropogenic threats, Warneckea albiflora is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) B1ab(iii) according to IUCN criteria. A key is provided to the Mozambican species of Warneckea.
2017 •
The present work describes and illustrates three new Madagascan species : Lijndenia acuminata R.D. Stone, Lijndenia darainensis R.D. Stone and Lijndenia densiflora R.D. Stone. The name Lijndenia lutescens (Naudin) Jacq.-Fél. is found to be illegitimate, and a new name Lijndenia memecyloides R.D. Stone is proposed. With these revisions, the flora of Madagascar now holds nine species of Lijndenia, for which a formal taxonomic treatment is provided including a dichotomous key. Lectotypes are designated for Lijndenia danguyana, Lijndenia memecyloides and Memecylon meeusei H. Perrier (treated here as a synonym of Lijndenia memecyloides). The conservation status of each species is assessed according to the IUCN Categories and Criteria. Given the extensive anthropogenic deforestation of Madagascar, one must consider the possibility that Lijndenia acuminata, Lijndenia densiflora, Lijndenia ramiflora and Lijndenia terminalis are already extinct because these four species have not been recollected within the last 50 years. On the other hand, the recent rediscovery of Lijndenia melastomoides is remarkable because this species had not been seen since the year 1954.
2015 •
Jacques-Félix (1979) informally recognized the Memecylon normandii Jacq.-Fél. group with three species (M. normandii, M. macrodendron Gilg ex Engl., M. oubanguianum Jacq.-Fél.) from the forests of West and Central Africa. More recently this group has been formally treated as M. section Felixiocylon R.D.Stone. In this paper, four new species are described and illustrated for this section: M. korupense R.D.Stone, sp. nov. (South-West Region, Cameroon), M. fugax R.D.Stone, sp. nov. (South Region, Cameroon), M. alipes R.D.Stone, sp. nov. (Woleu-Ntem Province, Gabon & South Region, Cameroon), and M. biokoense R.D.Stone, sp. nov. (Bioko Sur Province, Equatorial Guinea). A lectotype is designated for M. macrodendron. New country-records are reported or confirmed for M. normandii (Nigeria), M. oubanguianum (Gabon, Congo-Kinshasa), and M. macrodendron (Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville). A key to the species of M. section Felixiocylon is provided, together with an assessment of conservation status for each species according to the criteria of the IUCN.
2018 •
Warneckea ngutiensis R. D. Stone sp. nov. (Melastomataceae-Olisbeoideae) is described from near Nguti in SW Region, Cameroon. Unique in section Strychnoides in having only a vestigial staminal oil gland, this rainforest shrub is Critically Endangered due to an oil palm plantation project.
Adansonia, sér. 3
New species of Memecylon L. and Warneckea Gilg (Melastomataceae) from Madagascar and Mayotte2006 •
2014 •
2019 •
2010 •
South African Journal of Botany
Phylogenetic analysis of East and southern African Memecylon section Buxifolia (Melastomataceae): Insights on patterns and processes of diversification2017 •
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Anales del Jardín Botánico de …
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Phytotaxa 340 (1): 079-085
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