Plant Diversity Comparison between natural Bamboo
(Sinarundinaria alpina) and Exotic Tree Plantations (Cupressus
lusitanica) in South Kinangop Area of the Aberdare Range
Report for The Bamboo Trading Company
www.thebambootradingcompany.com
JUNE 2012
Impatiens fischeri
W.R.Q. Luke & P.A. Luke
P.O.Box 24133
Nairobi 00502
quentin.luke@swiftkenya.com
Plant Diversity of Bamboo versus Cupressus Plantations in South Kinangop
W.R.Q. Luke & P.A. Luke
2
1. Background
The Bamboo Trading Company (BTC) requested a botanical study of the Southern
Kinangop Forest Reserve as part of their feasibility study and Environmental and Social
Impact Assessment (ESIA) for a proposed energy project. This study is restricted to a
rapid comparison of the diversity of associated plant species found within the indigenous
bamboo zone versus that found within the Kenya Forest Service (KFS) plantations.
Bamboo and Erica arborea at GPS pt 035
The area of bamboo in the entire Aberdare range was reported as 647 km2 (Wimbush,
1945) or approximately 20% of the total reported for Kenya (O’Meara, 2012). No figure
can be found for the area of the plantations within the Forest Reserve (FR) but a total for
the whole country in 1991 was estimated as 1600 km2 (Wass, 1995) and more recently
1350 km2 (KFS call for tenders, Standard Newspaper, 14th June 2012). Due to a long
period of closure of the plantations under a ‘logging ban’ the condition of these areas has
deteriorated from a forestry perspective, but possibly improved in terms of natural
biodiversity. The ban on harvesting was also applied to bamboo poles and it is the recent
adoption of a new Bamboo Policy by KFS that has lead to the BTC proposal. Thus the
bamboo areas have had little disturbance over several years prior to this study.
2. Methodology
An exploratory visit was made to the south Kinangop on 1 st June with BTC’s Bamboo
expert and the team setting out bamboo plots to measure biomass. Due to the limited time
given for the diversity study (2 days) it was decided to adopt a simple walking line
transect and to do three transects, one ‘bamboo’ below Sasumua Dam (pts 038-040, see
Google Map), another ‘bamboo’ above the forest station at the end of the road (pts 041044) and one ‘plantation’ above the forest station (pts 045-047). The survey was carried
out between 7th to 9th June by QL and PL using their own vehicle and camping at pt 035
for 2 nights.
Plant Diversity of Bamboo versus Cupressus Plantations in South Kinangop
W.R.Q. Luke & P.A. Luke
3
Tracks 1st June to 9th June inclusive
No decision was made on the length of the transect until the recording began and it was
found that by walking along the bamboo boundary with the road, the number of new
species recorded dropped off after 200m. Thus for all 3 surveys a point was chosen on the
road, marked by GPS, 200m was walked along the road recording all species encountered,
another GPS point was recorded, a line was then walked at right angles into the
bamboo/plantation for a further 200m recording addition species and then an end point
was marked. No prior investigation of the composition was made, thus on the first survey
the line into the bamboo moved into a patch of mixed montane forest and the third survey,
the Cupressus plantation, found that after 160m the mature plantation ended and the walk
at right angles after 200m (pt 046) was outside in new plantings of Cupressus lusitanica
with open Pennisetum clandestinum grass in between. This grass was manifestly heavily
grazed by livestock and was much more diverse than if the line had run within the
completely shaded mature plantation.
The plant species were recorded as “sight records” (SR) when there was no doubt over
their identification. If the plant was known to QL, but needed confirmation, a temporary
specimen was collected for later keying using UKWF2 (Agnew & Agnew, 1994). When
the plant’s identity needed checking, a voucher specimen was collected (HS) for drying
and later identification in the Nairobi Herbarium (Beentje, 1994; FTEA, 1952-; Ibrahim &
Kabuye, 1988; Haines & Lye, 1983).
3. Results
The list of plant species recorded is shown in the Appendix. A summary of the transects
and the number of taxa recorded is as follows:
Plant Diversity of Bamboo versus Cupressus Plantations in South Kinangop
W.R.Q. Luke & P.A. Luke
Survey No.
GPS Points
Direction
Altitude (m)
1 Bamboo
1 Bamboo
038 - 039
039 - 040
SSE
SW
2480 – 2475
2475 – 2460
No. of Plant
Taxa
60
44
2 Bamboo
2 Bamboo
3 Plantation
3 Plantation
041 - 043
043 - 044
045 - 046
046 - 047
E
N
WSW
NNW
2780 – 2770
2770 – 2800
2700 – 2680
2680 – 2700
57
8
71
19
Total per
site
104
65
90
4
Comment
Downhill, afternoon shade
Downhill leading to montane
forest, medium shade
Almost level, much sun
Uphill, full shade
Downhill, little morning sun
Uphill, young plantation full sun
4. Discussion
The total number of plant taxa recorded over the 3 surveys is 160. Of these 22 are
recorded from all 3 sites, 55 from 2 of the 3 sites and 84 from just one site. The expected
large difference in diversity between the natural bamboo areas and the plantation was not
found, in fact the plantation site proved to have more species than the second bamboo site.
This is understandable when it is realised that the second ‘leg’ of plantation survey was
not through mature plantation but through open grassland with young trees. The extra
diversity encountered at the first site (104) can be explained by the fact that the second
part of the second ‘leg’ ran into a patch of montane forest and thus a different group of
species.
A probable average number of taxa for pure bamboo sites would be around 80 taxa and
that of mature, closely planted plantation around 70. This does not seem to be a huge
difference and could be attributable to factors such as altitude, soil, sunlight (orientation),
and predation. Only more complex ecological surveys would adjust for these factors.
Studies on the ‘bamboo cycle’ (Wimbush, 1945; Agnew 1985) show that there is a
succession process following the death of bamboo after flowering and thus the age of a
bamboo area in terms of how far through its cycle will influence the composition of
associated species.
Asteraceae: Helichrysum argyranthum & Berkheya spekeana
Species composition is not very surprising with a majority of ‘weedy’ or ruderal plants,
particularly those in the ‘Daisy’ family Asteraceae with a total of 28 taxa noted. A number
of sedges (Cyperaceae) and grasses (Poaceae) were recorded as well as several ferns.
Also well represented were the families Acanthaceae and Lamiaceae.
One way of interpreting the different compositions is to look at the rarity of individual
species. Although obviously no figures exist for the overall total numbers of each taxon,
Plant Diversity of Bamboo versus Cupressus Plantations in South Kinangop
W.R.Q. Luke & P.A. Luke
5
their distributions are fairly well known. We then find that 3 of the plants recorded in the
bamboo areas have very limited distributions: Impatiens hoehnelii is a Kenyan endemic;
Impatiens fischeri (cover photo, not recorded within transects but at pt 039) is only known
from the Aberdares and Mt Kenya; the large clumped grass (Eragrostis amanda) recorded
in the first bamboo area is restricted to the Aberdares and Kieni (Ibrahim & Kabuye,
1988). Oreoschimperella aberdarensis is also endemic and only known from 4 areas in
Kenya (FTEA, 1952-). This plant was not recorded during the survey but is known from
the area. Only one plant found in the plantation area has similar limited distribution,
Rubus friesiorum is restricted to the Aberdares and Mt Kenya (FTEA, 1952-). If a more
extensive survey and comparison were made, it is most likely that the bamboo zone
species would be found to be more restricted in range and could be considered of more
‘value’ than the more widely distributed plants growing in the plantations.
Cyperaceae: Cyperus tomaiophyllus and Carex cf. conferta.
Lamiaceae: Plectranthus alpinus & Stachys aculeolata
Plant Diversity of Bamboo versus Cupressus Plantations in South Kinangop
W.R.Q. Luke & P.A. Luke
6
5. Conclusion
Although the number of different plants (diversity) found in the two habitats is not hugely
different, perhaps the ‘quality’ of plants in the bamboo zone is higher due to their more
restricted range. This study provides an initial assessment of the issue and it is
recommended that more comprehensive sampling is undertaken to provide a clearer
understanding of the issue.
The presence of the noxious, yellow flowered weed Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed)
was noted throughout the area and every effort should be made to remove it.
6. References
Agnew, A.D.Q. (1985) Cyclic sequences of vegetation in the plant communities of the
Aberdare Mountains, Kenya. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and
National Museum, 75, 1-12.
Agnew, A.D.Q. & S. Agnew (1994). Upland Kenya Wild Flowers: a Flora of the Ferns
and Herbaceous Flowering Plants of Upland Kenya. 2nd edition. East African Natural
History Society, Nairobi.
Beentje, H.J. (1994). Kenya Trees, Shrubs and Lianas. National Museums of Kenya,
Nairobi.
Flora of Tropical East Africa (FTEA). (1952–). Authors Various. Crown Agents for
Overseas Governments and Administration, London; Balkema, Rotterdam & Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Haines, R.W. & K.A. Lye (1983). The Sedges and Rushes of East Africa. East Africa
Natural History Society, Nairobi.
Ibrahim, K.M. & C.H.S. Kabuye (1988). An Illustrated Manual of Kenya Grasses. FAO,
Rome.
O’Meara L. (2012). Energy Proposal. Unpublished Report, The Bamboo Trading
Company. Nairobi
Schmitt, K. (1991). The Vegetation of the Aberdare Nation Park Kenya. Univ.-Verl.
Wagner. Innsbruck.
Wass P (Ed.) (1995) Kenya’s Indigenous Forests: Status, Management and Conservation.
IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK.
Wimbush, S.H. (1945). The African Alpine Bamboo. Empire Forestry Journal 24:33-39.
Plant Diversity of Bamboo versus Cupressus Plantations in South Kinangop
W.R.Q. Luke & P.A. Luke
7
Appendix
cat.
No.
Bamboo Site 1
family
species
Comment
Oldenlandia monanthos (A. Rich.) Hiern
Clinopodium uhligii (Guerke) Ryding var.
obtusifolium (Avetta) Ryding
Platostoma africanum P. Beauv.
Spermacoce princeae (K. Schum.) Verdc. var.
princeae
Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun
Alchemilla cryptantha A. Rich.
H
H
Geranium kilimandscharicum Engl.
Pavonia urens Cav. var. urens
H
H
Oenanthe procumbens (H. Wolff) Norman
Acacia melanoxylon R. Br.
H
E
Plectranthus laxiflorus Benth.
Cyphostemma kilimandscharicum (Gilg) Wild
& R.B. Drumm. var. kilimandscharicum
Droguetia iners (Forssk.) Schweinf. ssp. iners
Cyperus derreilema Steud.
Oxalis corniculata L.
H
C
SR
SR
1
2
Rubiaceae
Lamiaceae
SR
SR
3
4
Lamiaceae
Rubiaceae
SR
SR
5
6
Selaginellaceae
Rosaceae
SR
SR
7
8
Geraniaceae
Malvaceae
HS
SR
15345
10
SR
SR
11
12
Apiaceae
Mimosaceae
(Leguminosae)
Lamiaceae
Vitaceae
SR
SR
SR
13
14
15
Urticaceae
Cyperaceae
Oxalidaceae
SR
16
Tacazzea conferta N.E. Br.
C
SR
SR
SR
SR
17
18
19
20
Asclepiadaceae
(Apocynaceae)
Violaceae
Plantaginaceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Viola abyssinica Oliv.
Plantago palmata Hook.f.
Adenostemma mauritianum DC.
Helichrysum globosum A. Rich.
H
H
H
H
SR
SR
21
22
Juniperus procera Endl.
Desmodium repandum (Vahl) DC.
T
H
SR
23
Cupressaceae
Papilionaceae
(Leguminosae)
Rosaceae
C
SR
SR
24
25
Scrophulariaceae
Asteraceae
Rubus steudneri Schweinf. var. dictyophyllus
(Oliv.) R.A. Graham
Halleria lucida L.
Helichrysum meyeri-johannis Engl.
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
26
27
28
29
30
31
Ericaceae
Cornaceae
Polygalaceae
Cyperaceae
Iridaceae
Lobeliaceae
H
T
H
H
H
H
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
32
33
34
35
36
Amaranthaceae
Loganiaceae
Poaceae
Poaceae
Asteraceae
Erica silvatica (Engl.) Beentje
Afrocrania volkensii (Harms) Hutch.
Polygala sphenoptera Fresen.
Carex chlorosaccus C.B. Clarke
Aristea alata Baker
Monopsis stellarioides (C. Presl) Urb. ssp.
schimperiana (Urb.) Thulin
Cyathula polycephala Baker
Nuxia congesta Fresen.
Panicum calvum Stapf?
Eragrostis schweinfurthii Chiov.?
Solanecio mannii (Hook.f.) C. Jeffrey
SR
SR
37
38
Ericaceae
Asteraceae
Agarista salicifolia (Lam.) G. Don
Sonchus afromontanus R.E. Fr.
T
H
H
H
F
H
H
H
H
S
H photo
H
T
H
H
S
Plant Diversity of Bamboo versus Cupressus Plantations in South Kinangop
W.R.Q. Luke & P.A. Luke
SR
39
Asteraceae
SR
40
Convolvulaceae
SR
41
Asteraceae
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
42
43
44
45
46
47
Commelinaceae
Clusiaceae
Cyperaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Rubiaceae
Ranunculaceae
HS
15346
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
49
50
51
52
53
Rosaceae
Acanthaceae
Rubiaceae
Berberidaceae
Tiliaceae
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
54
55
56
57
58
SR
SR
SR
SR
59
60
61
62
Cucurbitaceae
Convolvulaceae
Acanthaceae
Adiantaceae
Papilionaceae
(Leguminosae)
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Aspleniaceae
Rubiaceae
SR
SR
63
64
Podocarpaceae
Ranunculaceae
SR
65
Acanthaceae
SR
HS
66
15347
Urticaceae
Cyperaceae
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
Melianthaceae
Asteraceae
Rubiaceae
Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Solanaceae
Menispermaceae
SR
SR
76
77
SR
78
Salicaceae
Papilionaceae
(Leguminosae)
Euphorbiaceae
SR
79
Solanaceae
Cyperaceae
8
Conyza subscaposa O. Hoffm.
H
Dichondra repens J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. var.
repens
Helichrysum forskahlii (J.F. Gmel.) Hilliard &
B.L. Burtt var. forskahlii
indet.
Hypericum revolutum Vahl
Pycreus nigricans (Steud.) C.B. Clarke
Veronica abyssinica Fresen.
Galium aparinoides Forssk.
Clematis simensis Fresen.
H
Kyllinga odorata Vahl var. major (C.B. Clark)
Chiov.
Alchemilla fischeri Engl.
Justicia diclipteroides Lindau
Galiniera saxifraga (Hochst.) Bridson
Berberis holstii Engl.
Sparrmannia ricinocarpa (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Kuntze var. macrocarpa (Ulbr.) Weim.
Peponium vogelii (Hook.f.) Engl.
Convolvulus kilimandschari Engl.
Mimulopsis alpina Chiov.?
Pellaea quadripinnata (Forssk.) Prantl
Indigofera atriceps Hook.f. ssp. atriceps
H
Laggera brevipes Oliv. & Hiern
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist
Asplenium buettneri Hieron. var. buettneri
Rubia cordifolia L. ssp. conotricha (Gandoger)
Verdc.
Podocarpus latifolius (Thunb.) Mirb.
Thalictrum rhynchocarpum Quart.-Dill. & A.
Rich.
Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet ssp.
imbricata
Droguetia debilis Rendle
Carex vallisrosetto K. Schum.
H
H
F
C
Bersama abyssinica Fresen. ssp. abyssinica
Senecio syringifolius O. Hoffm.
Psychotria fractinervata E.M.A.Petit
Acanthopale pubescens (Engl.) C.B. Clarke
Isoglossa gregorii (S. Moore) Lindau
Clutia robusta Pax
Solanum nigriviolaceum Bitter
Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A. Rich.)
Walp. var. abyssinica
Dovyalis abyssinica (A. Rich.) Warb.
Parochetus africanus Polhill
T
C
S
S photo
H
H
H
C
Euphorbia ugandensis Pax
S
Solanum terminale Forssk.
C
H
H (sterile)
S
H
H
H
C
H
H
T
T
H
C
C
S
F
H
T
H
H
H
H
T
H
Plant Diversity of Bamboo versus Cupressus Plantations in South Kinangop
W.R.Q. Luke & P.A. Luke
SR
80
SR
81
Papilionaceae
(Leguminosae)
Asteraceae
SR
82
SR
SR
HS
83
84
15348
SR
SR
SR
SR
9
Crotalaria axillaris Aiton
H
H
Rhamnaceae
Crassocephalum montuosum (S. Moore)
Milne-Redh.
Rhamnus prinoides L'Hér.
Aspleniaceae
Meliaceae
Poaceae
Asplenium friesiorum C. Chr.
Lepidotrichilia volkensii (Guerke) J.-F.Leroy
Eragrostis amanda Clayton
86
87
88
89
Rutaceae
Lamiaceae
Dennstaedtiaceae
Celastraceae
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
90
91
92
93
94
95
Icacinaceae
Meliaceae
Oleaceae
Apiaceae
Apiaceae
Polypodiaceae
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam.
Plectranthus melleri Baker
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn ssp. aquilinum
Gymnosporia heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Loes.
Apodytes dimidiata Arn. var. dimidiata
Ekebergia capensis Sparrm.
Jasminum fluminense Vell.?
Peucedanum aculeolatum Engl.
Hydrocotyle mannii Hook.f. var. mannii
Lepisorus excavatus (Willd.) Ching
F
T
H (narrow
endemic)
C
H
F
S
SR
SR
SR
96
97
98
Asparagaceae
Urticaceae
Balsaminaceae
Asparagus africanus Lam.
Laportea alatipes Hook.f.
Impatiens hoehnelii T.C.E. Fr.
SR
SR
99
100
Myrsinaceae
Asteraceae
SR
101
Lycopodiaceae
Myrsine africana L.
Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze ssp.
integrifolia
Lycopodium clavatum L. ssp. clavatum
SR
SR
SR
102
103
104
Rhizophoraceae
Cucurbitaceae
Solanaceae
Cassipourea malosana (Baker) Alston
Momordica friesiorum (Harms) C. Jeffrey?
Solanum nigrum L. s.l.
T
C
H
Cestrum elegans (Neumann) Schltdl.
S (exotic)
C
S
T
T
C
H
H
F (lobed
fronds)
C
H
H (limited
distribution)
S
H
F
Sasumua Dam
HS
15349
Solanaceae
Bamboo Site 2
SR
105
Rosaceae
SR
SR
106
107
Violaceae
Menispermaceae
SR
SR
108
109
Cyperaceae
Apiaceae
Rubus steudneri Schweinf. var. dictyophyllus
(Oliv.) R.A. Graham
Viola abyssinica Oliv.
Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A. Rich.)
Walp. var. abyssinica
Cyperus tomaiophyllus K. Schum.
Agrocharis melanantha Hochst.
SR
SR
110
111
Acanthaceae
Lamiaceae
Mimulopsis alpina Chiov.?
Plectranthus laxiflorus Benth.
S
H
SR
SR
112
113
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist
Senecio syringifolius O. Hoffm.
H
C
SR
SR
114
115
Ericaceae
Cyperaceae
Erica arborea L.
Carex vallisrosetto K. Schum.
T
H
HS
15350
Asteraceae
H
HS
15351
Cyperaceae
Helichrysum forskahlii (J.F. Gmel.) Hilliard &
B.L. Burtt var. forskahlii
Cyperus derreilema Steud.
H photo
C
H photo
H
H photo
Plant Diversity of Bamboo versus Cupressus Plantations in South Kinangop
W.R.Q. Luke & P.A. Luke
SR
118
Aspleniaceae
SR
SR
119
120
Lycopodiaceae
Cyperaceae
SR
SR
SR
SR
HS
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
121
122
123
124
15352
126
127
128
129
130
Berberidaceae
Asteraceae
Commelinaceae
Balsaminaceae
Dryopteridaceae
Ranunculaceae
Aspleniaceae
Podocarpaceae
Lamiaceae
Asteraceae
SR
SR
HS
SR
HS
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
131
132
15353
134
15354
136
137
138
139
140
Thelypteridaceae
Pteridaceae
Pteridaceae
Boraginaceae
Asteraceae
Geraniaceae
Rosaceae
Cyperaceae
Asteraceae
Vitaceae
SR
141
Tiliaceae
SR
SR
SR
SR
142
143
144
145
Rubiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Loganiaceae
Lamiaceae
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
HS
HS
SR
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
15355
15356
157
Convolvulaceae
Asteraceae
Lobeliaceae
Rubiaceae
Iridaceae
Clusiaceae
Polygonaceae
Solanaceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Rubiaceae
SR
158
Selaginellaceae
SR
SR
HS
159
160
15357
Lamiaceae
Apiaceae
Asteraceae
10
Asplenium buettneri Hieron. var. buettneri
F
Lycopodium clavatum L. ssp. clavatum
Kyllinga odorata Vahl var. major (C.B. Clark)
Chiov.
Berberis holstii Engl.
Berkheya spekeana Oliv.
indet.
Impatiens hoehnelii T.C.E. Fr.
Dryopteris?
Clematis simensis Fresen.
Asplenium friesiorum C. Chr.
Podocarpus latifolius (Thunb.) Mirb.
Plectranthus alpinus (Vatke) Ryding
Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze ssp.
integrifolia
indet.
Pteris catoptera Kunze var. catoptera
Pteris buchananii?
Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk.
Conyza newii Oliv. & Hiern
Geranium kilimandscharicum Engl.
Alchemilla fischeri Engl.
Pycreus nigricans (Steud.) C.B. Clarke
Carduus sp.
Cyphostemma kilimandscharicum (Gilg) Wild
& R.B. Drumm. var. kilimandscharicum
Sparrmannia ricinocarpa (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Kuntze var. macrocarpa (Ulbr.) Weim.
Galium aparinoides Forssk.
Euphorbia ugandensis Pax
Nuxia congesta Fresen.
Clinopodium uhligii (Guerke) Ryding var.
obtusifolium (Avetta) Ryding
Convolvulus kilimandschari Engl.
Senecio moorei R.E. Fr.
Lobelia sp. nr minutula
Oldenlandia monanthos (A. Rich.) Hiern
Aristea alata Baker
Hypericum revolutum Vahl
Rumex ruwenzoriensis Chiov.
Solanum phoxocarpum Voronts.
Sonchus sp.
Senecio madagascariensis Poir.
Bothriocline fusca (S. Moore) M.G. Gilbert
Spermacoce princeae (K. Schum.) Verdc. var.
princeae
Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun
F
H
Stachys aculeolata Hook.f. var. aculeolata
Pseudocarum eminii (Engl.) H. Wolff
Crassocephalum montuosum (S. Moore)
H photo
C
H
T
H
H (sterile)
H photo
F
C
F
T
H photo
H
F (sterile)
F
F
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
S
T
H
C
H
H
H
H
S
H
T
H
H Invasive
S photo
H
F
Plant Diversity of Bamboo versus Cupressus Plantations in South Kinangop
W.R.Q. Luke & P.A. Luke
11
Milne-Redh.
SR
SR
162
163
Polypodiaceae
Aspleniaceae
Lepisorus excavatus (Willd.) Ching
Asplenium sp.
F
F
SR
SR
SR
SR
164
165
166
167
Hydrocotyle mannii Hook.f. var. mannii
Afrocrania volkensii (Harms) Hutch.
Lagenaria sphaerica (Sond.) Naudin
Tacazzea conferta N.E. Br.
H
T
C
C
SR
SR
168
169
Apiaceae
Cornaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Asclepiadaceae
(Apocynaceae)
Araceae
Urticaceae
Arisaema mildbraedii Engl.
Laportea alatipes Hook.f.
H
H
Dichondra repens J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. var.
repens
Cyathula polycephala Baker
Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze ssp.
integrifolia
Asplenium buettneri Hieron. var. buettneri
Lepisorus excavatus (Willd.) Ching
Acacia melanoxylon R. Br.
H
Rubus steudneri Schweinf. var. dictyophyllus
(Oliv.) R.A. Graham
Parochetus africanus Polhill
C
Helichrysum schimperi (A. Rich.) Moeser
Bothriocline fusca (S. Moore) M.G. Gilbert
Agrocharis melanantha Hochst.
Podocarpus latifolius (Thunb.) Mirb.
Clematis simensis Fresen.
Agarista salicifolia (Lam.) G. Don
Dryopteris?
Trifolium semipilosum Fresen.
H
S
H
T
C
T
F
H
Monopsis stellarioides (C. Presl) Urb. ssp.
schimperiana (Urb.) Thulin
Viola abyssinica Oliv.
Clinopodium uhligii (Guerke) Ryding var.
obtusifolium (Avetta) Ryding
Thalictrum rhynchocarpum Quart.-Dill. & A.
Rich.
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn ssp. aquilinum
Kalanchoe densiflora Rolfe var. densiflora
Helichrysum forskahlii (J.F. Gmel.) Hilliard &
B.L. Burtt var. forskahlii
Launaea sp.
Hypericum revolutum Vahl
Justicia diclipteroides Lindau
Nuxia congesta Fresen.
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist
Droguetia iners (Forssk.) Schweinf. ssp. iners
Polystichum wilsonii H. Christ?
Bersama abyssinica Fresen. ssp. abyssinica
H
Plantation Site
SR
170
Convolvulaceae
SR
SR
171
172
Amaranthaceae
Asteraceae
SR
SR
SR
173
174
175
SR
176
Aspleniaceae
Polypodiaceae
Mimosaceae
(Leguminosae)
Rosaceae
SR
177
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
SR
186
Papilionaceae
(Leguminosae)
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Apiaceae
Podocarpaceae
Ranunculaceae
Ericaceae
Dryopteridaceae
Papilionaceae
(Leguminosae)
Lobeliaceae
SR
SR
187
188
Violaceae
Lamiaceae
SR
189
Ranunculaceae
SR
SR
SR
190
191
192
Dennstaedtiaceae
Crassulaceae
Asteraceae
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
Asteraceae
Clusiaceae
Acanthaceae
Loganiaceae
Asteraceae
Urticaceae
Dryopteridaceae
Melianthaceae
H
H
F
F
T
H
H
H
H
F
H
H
H
S
H
T
H
H
F
T
Plant Diversity of Bamboo versus Cupressus Plantations in South Kinangop
W.R.Q. Luke & P.A. Luke
SR
201
Cornaceae
SR
SR
202
203
Myrsinaceae
Asteraceae
SR
HS
SR
204
15358
206
Rosaceae
Boraginaceae
Rosaceae
SR
207
Tiliaceae
SR
SR
SR
SR
208
209
210
211
SR
HS
SR
SR
212
15359
214
215
Lamiaceae
Asteraceae
Tiliaceae
Papilionaceae
(Leguminosae)
Asteraceae
Dryopteridaceae
Malvaceae
Vitaceae
SR
SR
SR
SR
216
217
218
219
HS
SR
SR
SR
15360
221
222
223
Asteraceae
Solanaceae
Convolvulaceae
Sterculiaceae
SR
SR
SR
224
225
226
SR
SR
227
228
Apiaceae
Araceae
Asclepiadaceae
(Apocynaceae)
Cucurbitaceae
Asteraceae
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
HS
SR
SR
15361
241
242
Polygalaceae
Asteraceae
Poaceae
Apiaceae
Poaceae
Asteraceae
Balsaminaceae
Solanaceae
Rosaceae
Pteridaceae
Araliaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Plantaginaceae
Solanaceae
Papilionaceae
(Leguminosae)
Asteraceae
Lamiaceae
Cyperaceae
12
Afrocrania volkensii (Harms) Hutch.
T
Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez
Crassocephalum montuosum (S. Moore)
Milne-Redh.
Alchemilla fischeri Engl.
Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk.
Rubus friesiorum Gust. ssp. friesiorum
T
H
Sparrmannia ricinocarpa (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Kuntze var. macrocarpa (Ulbr.) Weim.
Pycnostachys meyeri Guerke
Carduus sp.
Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.
Adenocarpus/Argyrolobium
H
H
C (limited
distribution)
H
H
H
H
H
Helichrysum stenopterum DC.
Megalastrum?
Pavonia urens Cav. var. urens
Cyphostemma kilimandscharicum (Gilg) Wild
& R.B. Drumm. var. kilimandscharicum
Polygala sphenoptera Fresen.
Helichrysum globosum A. Rich.
Pennisetum clandestinum Chiov.
Peucedanum aculeolatum Engl.
H
F
H
C
Helichrysum foetidum (L.) Moench.
Physalis peruviana L.
Convolvulus kilimandschari Engl.
Dombeya torrida (J.F. Gmel.) P.Bamps ssp.
torrida
Hydrocotyle mannii Hook.f. var. mannii
Arisaema mildbraedii Engl.
Tacazzea conferta N.E. Br.
H photo
H
C
T
Zehneria scabra (L.f.) Sond. ssp. scabra
Senecio syringifolius O. Hoffm.
C
C
Panicum calvum Stapf?
Conyza newii Oliv. & Hiern
Impatiens pseudoviola Gilg
Solanum phoxocarpum Voronts.
Alchemilla cryptantha A. Rich.
Pteris catoptera Kunze var. catoptera
Schefflera volkensii (Engl.) Harms
Veronica abyssinica Fresen.
Plantago palmata Hook.f.
Solanum nigriviolaceum Bitter
Desmodium repandum (Vahl) DC.
H
H
H photo
T
H
F
T
H
H
H
H
Senecio moorei R.E. Fr.
Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br. var. nepetifolia
Isolepis sp.
H photo
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
Plant Diversity of Bamboo versus Cupressus Plantations in South Kinangop
W.R.Q. Luke & P.A. Luke
SR
243
HS
HS
13
Cyperaceae
Cyperus rigidifolius Steud.
H
15362
15363
Asteraceae
Polygonaceae
Conyza schimperi A. Rich.
Rumex acetosella L.
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
HS
SR
SR
SR
HS
SR
SR
246
247
248
249
250
15364
252
253
254
15365
256
257
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Commelinaceae
Oxalidaceae
Ranunculaceae
Asteraceae
Geraniaceae
Rosaceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
H
H
Naturalised
H
H Invasive
H
H
H
H
H
C photo
H photo
H photo
H photo
H
SR
SR
258
259
Cyperaceae
Meliaceae
Laggera brevipes Oliv. & Hiern
Senecio madagascariensis Poir.
Commelina africana L.
Oxalis corniculata L.
Ranunculus multifidus Forssk.
Conyza steudelii A. Rich.
Geranium kilimandscharicum Engl.
Rubus volkensii Engl.
Berkheya spekeana Oliv.
Helichrysum argyranthum O. Hoffm.
Carduus schimperi Sch. Bip.
Pseudognaphalium luteo-album (L.) Hilliard &
B.L. Burtt
Kyllinga alba Nees
Ekebergia capensis Sparrm.
Key: SR = Sight Record; HS = Herbarium Specimen
F = Fern; H = Herb; S = Shrub; C = Climber; T = Tree
H
T
Quentin Luke