植 物 分 类 学 报 45 (6): 841–848(2007) Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica doi:10.1360/aps07030 http://www.plantsystematics.com Two newly recorded species of Indigofera (Fabaceae) in China GAO Xin-Fen* (Chengdu Institute of Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China) Abstract This paper reports two newly recorded species from China, namely Indigofera caloneura with 1-foliolate leaves from Yunnan and I. cordifolia with simple leaves from Guangdong. There are another three species with simple leaves of Indigofera in China. Based on the microscopic observation of specimens, morphological characters which include habit, stem, leaf shape and size, indumentum, stipule and stipel, raceme, corolla color, standard shape and indumentum, anther, pod shape and size, and seed number per pod etc. in the five species are described and compared among one another. The five most important characters are chosen to discuss for taxonomic treatment. Key words Indigofera, Indigofera caloneura, Indigofera cordifolia, Fabaceae, new record, Guangdong, Yunnan, China. The genus Indigofera L. of the legume family (Fabaceae) is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In the most recent treatment 81 species are distributed in China (Fang & Zheng, 1994), of which three have simple or 1-foliolate leaves. For Southeast Asia there are totally eight species with simple or 1-foliolate leaves recorded, namely I. brunoniana Grah. ex Wall., I. caloneura Kurz, I. cordifolia Heyne ex Roth., I. linifolia (L. f.) Retz., I. maymyoensis Sanjappa, I. minbuensis Gage, I. nummularifolia (L.) Livera ex Alston, and I. squalida Prain (de Kort & Thijsse, 1984; Sanjappa, 1985). Among them, I. linifolia, I. nummularifolia, and I. squalida have been reported in China before (Fang & Zheng, 1994). When studying this genus for Flora of China, a specimen from Xishuangbanna of Yunnan and two additional ones from Guangdong with simple leaves or 1-foliolate leaves are found belonging to I. caloneura and I. cordifolia respectively. These two species have not been recorded in China before. In order to easily distinguish these species, morphological characters in habit, stem, leaf size and shape, leaf glands, indumentum, petiole, stipule, stipel, inflorescence length, flower size and hairs, and fruit shape are observed. 1 Material and methods Morphological features are based on more than 50 herbarium specimens from CDBI, HITBC, IBSC, KUN, and PE. Microscopic characters were obtained by using stereo microscope (Zeiss Stemi 2000, Germany). Each species was represented by more than one specimens in the microscopic observations. The materials used for microscopic study are listed in Table 1. 2 Results and discussion Main morphological characters observed are listed in Table 2. The five most important characters are discussed below. ——————————— Received: 27 February 2007 Accepted: 26 June 2007 Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant Nos. 30499340, 39899400; and the International Cooperation Fundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No. KSCX-SW-122. * E-mail: <xfgao@cib.ac.cn>. 842 Table 1 Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 45 Materials used for microscopic study and their voucher information Species name Indigofera caloneura I. cordifolia I. linifolia I. nummularifolia I. squalida Locality Mengla, Yunnan (云南勐腊) Lian Xian, Guangdong (广东连县) Huili, Sichuan (四 会理) Ya Xian, Hainan (海南崖县) Ya Xian, Hainan (海南崖县) Anlong, Guizhou (贵 安龙) Menglian, Yunnan (云南孟连) Voucher Exp. Team (考察队) 35312 Veget. Exp. (山地植被组) s.n. T. T. Yu (俞德浚) 1633 C. Huang (黄志) 34814 K. Z. Hou (侯宽昭) 73843 G. S. Liao (廖国胜) 1468 Menglian Exp. (孟连队) 9425 Figure number 1A, 1B, 14 2A, 2B, 6, 10, 15 3A, 3B, 7, 11 4A, 4B, 8 12 5A, 5B, 9 13 Table 2 Main morphological characters of Indigofera species with simple and 1-foliolate leaves in China Characters I. caloneura I. cordifolia I. linifolia I. nummularifolia I. squalida Root straight straight straight straight tuberous Habit shrub perennial herb shrublet or herb perennial herb perennial herb Stem erect procumbent erect or prostrate prostrate erect Leaf size (mm) 80–100×40–55 4–8×3–6 5–30×2–4 10–20×7–10 25–55×7–20 Leaf or leaflet oblong or cordate linear, narrowly obovate-elliptic or narrowly shape elliptic obovate or obovate elliptic to elliptic obovate Hair type spreading spreading adpressed adpressed adpressed sub-basifixed subbasifixed to medifixed medifixed medifixed biramous medifixed biramous biramous biramous biramous Glands on leaf absent absent absent dotted disc-shape beneath Lateral nerves 15–20 invisible invisible 3–5 10–11 (pairs) Stipel (mm) 1.5–2 absent absent absent absent Racemes length 7–13, 0.2–0.3, 1–1.5, 1.5–2 1–2, densely (cm) multi-flowers 1–4-flowers multi-flowers multi-flowers flowered Flower colour white or yellow bright red red red red or purple brown to orange-yellow Flower length 6–10 2.5–3 4–5 3 4–5 (mm) Standard shape orbicular spathulate elliptic broadly ovate elliptic Standard hairs densely, brown, sparsely, on the densely, white, sparsely, on the densely, outside medifixed apex part, white, medifixed apex part, white, brown, sub-basifixed medifixed medifixed Keel hairs margin ciliate, margin ciliate glabrous margin ciliate densely densely outside outside, medifixed Anther hairs at the base glabrous glabrous glabrous glabrous Fruit shape linearly ellipsoid or ovoid falcate, echinated linearly cylindric subglobose cylindric Fruit size (mm) 20–50×2–2.5 4–5×1.5 2×1.5 7×4 11–14×1.5–2 Fruit hairs adpressed, spreading, white adpressed sparse, with densely medifixed sub-basifixed medifixed sub-basifixed hairs medifixed biramous hairs biramous hairs biramous hairs biramous hairs Seed number 8–11 1 or 2 1 1 3–5 (1) Habit. The five species with simple or 1-foliolate leaves are usually perennial herbs or small shrublets with erect or procumbent stem except for I. caloneura which is erect and tall shrub. (2) Hairs. Hair morphology is an important identification character in this genus (de Kort & Thijsse, 1984; Schrire, 1995). Biramous hairs have different fixed points with from No. 6 GAO: Two newly recorded species of Indigofera (Fabaceae) in China 843 Figs. 1–5. The leaf surfaces of Indigofera. 1. I. caloneura, biramous hairs with very unequally arms. 2. I. cordifolia. 3. I. linifolia, biramous hairs with equally arms. 4. I. nummularifolia, with brown dotted glands and biramous hairs vertically along the margin (B). 5. I. squalida, with disc-shaped glands (B) and medifixed hairs. A, upper surface; B, lower surface. 844 Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 45 Figs. 6–9. The dorsal surfaces of standards in Indigofera. 6. I. cordifolia. 7. I. linifolia. 8. I. nummularifolia. 9. I. squalida. Figs. 10–13. Pods of Indigofera. 10. I. cordifolia. 11. I. linifolia. 12. I. nummularifolia. 13. I. squalida. No. 6 GAO: Two newly recorded species of Indigofera (Fabaceae) in China 845 equally to extremely unequally long arms on the two sides of the fixed point (Figs. 1B–5B). This feature has long been noticed and used as one of the main identification characters at specific level in the genus (de Kort & Thijsse, 1984; Sanjappa, 1995; Schrire, 1994). However, it was only rarely well-described in the past (Craib, 1913; de Kort & Thijsse, 1984; Fang & Zheng, 1994). For the species with simple or 1-foliolate leaves in China, hairs are either adpressed (Figs. 3A–5B) or spreading (Figs. 1B, 2B), and either sub-basifixed point with extremely unequally long arms (Figs. 1B, 2A) or medifixed point with more or less equally long arms (Figs. 2B–5B). (3) Leaves. Leaf features (shape, size, and indumentum) are very different in the five species. Indigofera caloneura has large oblong or elliptic leaves with spreading sub-basifixed biramous hairs beneath (Fig. 1B) and glabrous above (Fig. 1A), I. cordifolia has small and cordate leaves with spreading biramous hairs sub-basifixed above (Fig. 2A) and sub-medifixed beneath (Fig. 2B), I. linifolia has linear or narrowly elliptic leaves with medifixed biramous hairs on both surfaces (Figs. 3A, 3B), I. nummularifolia leaves obovate with medifixed biramous hairs along the margin on both surfaces (Figs. 4A, 4B) and dotted glands beneath (Fig. 4B), and I. squalida leaves elliptic with sparsely medifixed biramous hairs on both surfaces (Figs. 5A, 5B) and disc-shape glands beneath (Fig. 5B). (4) Corollas. Corolla morphology (color, size, shape, and indumentum) is valuable for species identification. Corollas are usually red to purple except for that in I. caloneura which is whitish, yellow-brown to orange-yellow. Standards have very different shapes. They are spathulate in I. cordifolia, elliptic in I. linifolia and I. squalida, orbicular in I. caloneura, and broadly ovate in I. nummularifolia. Standards are usually covered with different hairs. Those of I. linifolia and I. squalida are covered with adpressed biramous hairs with medifixed point on the dorsal surface (Figs. 7, 9), while those of I. cordifolia and I. nummularifolia have biramous hairs with sub-basifixed point only on the dorsal surface of the apex part (Figs. 6, 8). Wings are usually glabrous, sometimes with ciliate hairs. Keels only in I. caloneura and I. squalida are densely covered with hairs, but those in other species are glabrous or only with ciliate hairs. (5) Fruits. Fruit shape is very different in the five species. Falcate pods are found in I. nummularifolia only (Fig. 12), while I. linifolia has globose pods (Fig. 11), I. cordifolia subglobose pods (Fig. 10), and I. caloneura and I. squalida linearly cylindrical pods (Figs. 13, 14). They are easy to be identified. 3 Taxonomical treatment The five species with simple and 1-foliolate leaves in China and additional three species in Southeast Asia belong to different sections, are distinguished as follows: 1. Leaves with minute and dot-shaped glands beneath, medifixed biramous hairs vertically along margins on both surfaces (Fig. 4B); standard with sub-basifixed biramous hairs towards the apex outside (Fig. 8); pods falcate, echinated along dorsal suture (Fig. 12).................................................................. I. nummularifolia 1. Leaves without glands or with disc-shaped glands beneath, medifixed biramous hairs not vertically along margins; pods linearly cylindric, globose or subglobose. 2. The main root tuberous; leaves obovate, with medifixed biramous hairs on both surfaces, and sometimes sparsely with disc-shaped glands on lower surface (Fig. 5B); pods straight, linearly cylindric (Fig. 13............................…………......... ......................…………..................................................... I. squalida 2. The main root not tuberous; leaves linear, narrowly obovate-lanceolate or elliptic, oblong or cordate, without any glands; pods linearly cylindric, globose or subglobose. 3. Leaves linear, narrowly obovate-lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, with adpressed medifixed biramous hairs on both surfaces (Fig. 3A, 3B); stipels absent. 4. Leaves 10–35 mm long......................................................................................................... I. linifolia 4. Leaves 40–80 mm long.................................................................................................. I. minbuensis 846 Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 45 3. Leaves oblong or cordate; stipels present or absent. 5. Stipels absent; leaves cordate, with spreading sub-basifixed biramous hairs above and sub-basifixed to medifixed biramous hairs beneath; flower 2.5–3 mm long; fruit elliptic or subglobose; seeds 2 per fruit...............................................................................................................................I. cordifolia 5. Stipels present; leaflets oblong or elliptic, with sub-basifixed biramous hairs; seeds numerous. 6. Leaf glabrous above, biramous stipules 3–5 mm long. 7. Leaf with adpressed medifixed biramous hairs on lower surface; petioles 2–3 cm long; flowers sparse in racemes which are shorter than leaves ............................... I. maymyoensis 7. Leaf with spreading sub-basifixed biramous hairs on the lower surface; petioles 0.7–1 cm long; flowers compact in racemes which are longer than leaves.......................... I. caloneura 6. Leaf with adpressed medifixed biramous hairs on both surfaces; stipules 1 mm long; wings short-ciliate; keels ciliate and with hairs on dorsal surface of apex ..................... I. brunoniana The two new records are described here in detail. 1. Indigofera caloneura Kurz in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 42: 229. 1873; et in Fl. Brit. Burm. 1: 360. 1877; Baker in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 93. 1876; de Kort & Thijsse in Blumea 30: 112. 1984; Sanjappa in Reinwardtia 10 (2): 218. 1985. Type: Burma. Pegu, Kurz s.n. (CAL). I. oblonga Craib in Kew Bull. 6. 1914; Gagnep., Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine. 2: 440, 1916. 美脉木蓝 新拟 Figs. 1A, 1B, 14 [Sect. Indigofera] Erect shrubs; branches angular, densely adpressed brown subbasifixed biramous hairs. Stipules narrowly triangular, 4–5 mm long. Petioles 10–15 mm long. 1-foliolate, lamina 8–10 cm long and 4–5.5 cm broad, oblong or elliptic, obtuse or rounded at base and apex; dark green and glabrous above; spreading gray or brown sub-basifixed biramous hairs on lower surface; secondary nerves pinnate, 15–17 pairs; stipels 2, linearly subulate, 1.5–2 mm long. Racemes 7–13 cm long, compactly many-flowered; bracts 3.5–4 Fig. 14. Specimens of Indigofera caloneura. Fig. 15. Specimens of Indigofera cordifolia. No. 6 GAO: Two newly recorded species of Indigofera (Fabaceae) in China 847 mm long, setaceous, deciduous; pedicels 1–1.5 mm long, 3–5 mm long in fruiting, densely tomentose. Flowers pink, 8–10 mm long; calyx 2–2.5 mm long, tube short, teeth triangular, acute; standard 8–10 mm long, ovate, obtuse and mucronulate at apex, adpressed densely brown pubescent on the dorsal surface; wings 6–8 mm long, ciliate; keels 7–9 mm long, with thickly brown pubescent on dorsal surface; anthers with hairs at the base; ovary glabrous. Pod straight, cylindrical, 4–5.3 cm long, spreading, adpressed minute hairs, endocarp red-spotted. Seeds 8–11, dark brown. Fl. May–Aug. Fr. Nov.–Jan. China. S Yunnan (云南南部): Mengla (勐腊), 101°41′ E, 21°37′ N, alt. 900 m, 1983-12-07, Exped. Team (考察队) 35312 (HITBC!). Myanmar. Shan hills, C. B. Collett 706 (K!); Geo. B. Vogt. BU-443, (K!); Amherst, J. H. Lace 5668 (K!). Thailand. Doi Nang Keo, Kerr 2524 (BM!, K!); Pahem Park, Kerr 5171 (BM!, K!); Doi Chiengdao, Kerr 4457(BM!); Bo laung, K. Larsen et al. 1912 (K!). Distribution: S. China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. 2. Indigofera cordifolia Heyne ex Roth, Nov. Plant. Sp. Ind. Orient. 357. 1821; Baker in Hook., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 93. 1876; Ali in Bot. Not. 3: 545. 1958; de Kort & Thijsse in Blumea 30: 116. 1984. Type: India. Or., Heyne s.n. (B) 心叶木蓝 新拟 Figs. 2A, 2B, 6, 10, 15 [Sect. Brachycapae] Herbs, 10–30 cm tall. Branches procumbent or ascending, adpressed to slightly spreading white sub-basifixed biramous hairs. Leaves simple, petiole 1 mm long; stipules lanceolate, spreading sub-basifixed biramous hairs outside, 2 mm long, apex cuspidate; lamina 4–8×3–6 mm, cordate, apex acute, mucro 0.2 mm long; spreading white sub-basifixed biramous long hairs on upper surface, densely spreading sub-medifixed biramous long hairs on lower surface; lateral nerves invisible. Racemes 2–3 mm long with 1–4 flowers in the leaf axils; bracts narrowly triangular, 2×0.5 mm, apex cuspidate; pedicels 0.5 mm long or sessile. Calyx with densely spreading white sub-basifixed long hairs, tube 0.5 mm long, teeth linear-triangular, 1.5–2 mm long; standard spathulate or cuneate, 2.5–3×1–1.5 mm, hairy on dorsal surface of apex, apex obtuse; wings 2.5×0.2 mm, glabrous; keels 2.5×0.5 mm, glabrous, lateral spur 0.25 mm long; Anthers 0.2×0.25 mm, glabrous; ovary spreading white long hairy; ovules usually 2, rarely 1. Pod ellipsoid or subglobose, 2.5–3×1.6 mm, densely subspreading white sub-basifixed biramous long hairs. seeds 2 or 1, red brown. Fl. Jul. –Sept. Fr. Sept.–Nov. China. Guangdong (广东): Lian Xian (连县), Xingzi Qu (星子区), Baitangchong (柏塘 冲), alt. 160 m, 1984–10–20, H. X. Ao (敖惠修) 8401 (IBSC!), the same place, open slope and exposed hills, 1987–10–23, Vegetation Team (山地植被组) s.n. (IBSC!). Distribution: S. China, India, Java, Pakistan, Roti, Sawu, Sumba, Timor, Tropical Africa, and N. Australia. Acknowledgements I am grateful to the curators of HITBC, IBK, IBSC, KUN, PE for the loan of specimens, to the staffs of BM, E, K, KUN, LINN, PE, and SZ for their cordially assistance when I studied specimens in herbaria, to Dr. Sun Hang (Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS) for his help with literatures, to Dr. B. Schrire (Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, UK) for his help when I visited at Kew, to Dr. Zhang Libing (Missouri Botanical Garden, USA) for correcting the manuscript. References Ali S I. 1958. Revision of the Genus Indigofera L. from W. Pakistan and N. W. Himalayas. Botaniska Notisser 3: 543–577. 848 Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 45 Baker J G. 1876. Leguminosae. In: Hooker J D ed. Flora of British India. London: L. Reeve & Co. 2: 92–102. Craib W G. 1913. The Indigoferas of China. Note from Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 8: 47–77. Craib W G. 1922. Contributions to the flora of Siam. Kew Bulletin 1922: 165–171. de Kort I, Thijsse G. 1984. A revision of the genus Indigofera (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) in Southeast Asia. Blumea 30: 89–151. Fang Y-Y (方云亿), Zheng C Z (郑朝宗). 1983. New taxa of Indigofera L. from China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (植物分类学报) 21: 325–336. Fang Y-Y (方云亿), Zheng C Z (郑朝宗). 1989. A study on the genus Indigofera Linn. from China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (植物分类学报) 27: 161–177. Fang Y-Y (方云亿), Zheng C Z (郑朝宗). 1994. Indigofera L. In: Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (中国植 物志). Beijing: Science Press. 40: 239–325. Kurz S. 1873. Indigofera caloneura (New Burmese Plants). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 42 (4): 229. Kurz S. 1877. Indigofera. In: Forest Flora of British Burma. Calcutta: Office of Superintendant of Government Printers. 1: 359–361. Roth A G. 1821. Indigofera cordifolia. Novae Plantarum Species Praesertim Indiae Orientalis. Halberstadi, Sumptibus H. Vogelri. 357–358. Sanjappa M. 1985. The genus Indigofera L. (Fabaceae-Papilionoideae) in Burma. Reinwardtia 10 (2): 211–244. Sanjappa M. 1995. Fascicles of Flora of India: Fascicle 21: Leguminosae-Papilionoideae: Tribe: Indigoferae. In: Hajra P K ed. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta. Botanical Survey of India. 1–160. Schrire B D. 1994. Evolution of the tribe Indigoferae (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). In: Crisp M, Doyle J J eds. Advances in Legume Systematics. 7: Phylogeny. London: Royle Botanic Gardens, Kew. 161–244. 中国木蓝属两个分布新记录 高信芬* (中国科学院成都生物研究 成都 610041) 摘要 报道并描述了采自云南南部西双版纳具有1小叶的新分布种美脉木蓝Indigofera caloneura Kurz 和采自广东具有单叶的新分布种心叶木蓝I. cordifolia Heyne ex Roth. 在中国还有另外3个具有单叶的 种类, 即单叶木蓝I. linifolia 刺荚木蓝I. nummularifolia和 志木蓝I. squalida 通过从植物习性 茎 叶的形态与大小及毛被 托叶 花序 花冠形状与毛被 花药 子 毛被 果实的形态与大小 含 种子数目等特征的显微观察, 比较了国产单叶类木蓝属Indigofera植物的形态学特征差异, 并针对茎 叶 毛被 花冠旗瓣和果实形状等5个最重要的特征 行了讨论 关键词 木蓝属; 美脉木蓝; 心叶木蓝; 豆科; 新记录; 广东; 云南; 中国