zyxwvutsrqp Nordic Journal of Botany Notes on the Ceropegiae (Asclepiadaceae) of Ethiopia M. G. Gilbert zyxwv z zyxwvu zyx Gilbert, M. G. 2003. Notes on the Ceropegiae (Asclepiadaceae) of Ethiopia. Nord. J. Bot. 22: 205-210. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107-055X. The following 4 species and 1 subspecies are described as new: Ceropegia recurvata, C. microgaster, C. erergotana, C.burgeri and Huernia macrocarpa subsp. harerghensis; one variety of Ceropegia stenoloba is elevated to a full species: C. moyalensis and 2 species transferred from Angolluma to Pachycymbium: I? gilbertii and R semitubiflora. M. G. Gilbert, Flora of China Project, Missouri Botanical Garden, c/o Botany Dept.. Natural History Museum. Cromwell Rd., London SW? SBD, UK. Introduction In preparation for the account of the Asclepiadaceae for volume 4 of the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, four new species of Ceropegia are described: C. recurvata M. G. Gilbert, C. microgaster M. G. Gilbert, C. erergotana M. G. Gilbert and C.burgeri M. G. Gilbert; C. stenoloba var. moyalensis is elevated to a full species: C. moyalensis (Huber) M. G. Gilbert, a new subspecies of Huernia macrocarpa described H. macrocarpa (A. Rich.) Sprenger subsp. harerghensis M. G. Gilbert and 2 species transferred from Angolluma to Pachycymbium: P. gilbertii (Plowes) M. G. Gilbert, and P. semitubiforme (L. E. Newton) M. G. Gilbert. Ceropegia recurvata M. G. Gilbert sp. nov. Type. Gilbert & Thulin 627, Ethiopia, Welega Region, 1 km E of Sire (9’02” 36’55’E), 11 Sept. 1975, (K holotype; ETH, MO, UPS isotypes). Ceropegiae melanops Huber et C. nigrae N. E. Br. et C. microgaster mihi affinis, corollis plus zygomorphis lobis recurvatis linearirevolutis (non rotatis trimgulariovatis) uniformiter minutissime papillatis (non glabris vel sinubus solum pilosis) manifeste differt. Twining or trailing herb. Rootstock a globose tuber to 2 cm wide, sometimes with a thick neck. Stems pubescent, varying from uniformly so to having two ill-defined lines of appressed hairs. Leaves: petiole 1.3-3 cm; blade lanceolate to ovate, sometimes sinuate-dentate, 3-6 x 2 4 cm, base rounded to shallowly cordate, tip acuminate, thinly pubescent. Inflorescence a many-flowered pseudumbel. Peduncle 2-3 mm. Pedicels 3-20 mm. Sepals 4-5 mm, linear-lanceolate. Corolla zygomorphic, 1 1-20 mm long, exterior thinly hairy, pale grey, sometimes with obscure red markings; corolla tube 6 1 1 mm, shallowly “S-shaped, slightly ventricose, basal swelling one third as long as as tube overall, c 2.2 mm wide, upper part of tube c 1 mm wide, interior pale with dark band at top of basal swelling, throat with pairs of whitish stripes opposite lobes; mouth oblique; corolla lobes strongly recurved, linear-revolute for most of length, c 4.5-8 mm long, blackishgreen, margins strongly revolute, very minutely velvety papillate, otherwise glabrous. Corona c 3 mm high; outer lobes reduced to pairs of very short, spreading, rounded teeth, glabrous; inner lobes subulate, erect, upper half minutely hairy, slightly incurved at tips, not decumbent on anthers. - Fig. 1. zy Distribution. Ethiopia: Welega, Gamu-Gofa; not known elsewhere. Accepted 10-11-2002 Nord. J . Bot. 22(2) 2002 205 zyxwvutsrq zyxwvut Habitat. Shaded sites in Oxytenanthera thickets and degraded deciduous woodland; 1300-2200 m. Notes. Both this and the next species are clearly related to Ceropegia melanops and C. nigra recorded from West Africa east to southern Sudan, resembling them vegetatively and in the size and colouring of the corollas. However, the corollas of the new species are more strongly zygomorphic and also differ in the details of the indumentum. The corolla lobes of C. recuwata are most similar to those of C. nigra but are relatively much longer, more strongly recurved and minutely velvety-papillose, not glabrous. C. microgaster, described below, differs by the much shorter triangular-ovate corolla lobes, mostly glabrous but with dense tufts of dark purple hairs on the sinuses between them. delineated, c 1.5 mm wide, interior blackish, throat with pairs of whitish stripes opposite lobes; mouth oblique; corolla lobes spreading to slightly reflexed, triangular, c 2 x 2 mm, blackish, margins slightly revolute, purple-pubescent around sinuses, otherwise glabrous. Corona c 3 mm high; outer lobes very short, truncate to slightly emarginate, much wider than long, spreading, glabrous; inner lobes subulate, erect and glabrous except for minutely hairy slightly incurved tips, not decumbent on anthers. Immature follicles narrowly divergent, 9 x 0.2 cm. - Fig. 2. Distribution. Ethiopia: Gonder, Gojam and Welega Regions; not know elsewhere. zyxwvut zyxwvu zy zyxw zyxwvutsr Collections other than the Vpe. Ethiopia: Welega Region: 20 km W of Didessa Bridge, ca. 9’03’E 36”01’E, 14 Sept. 1975, M. G. Gilbert & M. Thulin 753 (ETH, K, UPS). Gamu-Gofa Region: Eastern slopes of Gughe highlands above Arba Minch, ca. 6” 03” 37” 34’E, 2200-2250 m, 3 Sept. 1975, M. G. Gilbert, M. Thulin & Getachew A. 500 (ETH, K, UPS). Ceropegia microgaster M. G. Gilbert sp. nov. Type. Ethiopia, Wellega Region, 23 km from Ghimbi on road to Asosa (9’20” 35”38’E), 1900 m, 15 Sept. 1975, Gilbert & Thulin 775 (K holotype; ETH, UPS isotypes). A Ceropegiae melanope Huber et C. nigrae N. E. Br. sed corollis manifeste ventricosis, sinubus loborum atropurpureo pubescentibus (non subactinomorphis uniformiter glabris) differt. A. C. recuwutae mihi sed lobis corollis triangulariovatis rotatis glabris praeter sinus (non linearirevolutis uniformiter minute puberulis) manifeste differt. Twining or trailing herb. Rootstock a flattened globose tuber to 5 cm wide, sometimes forming chains of ovoid tubers. Stems with two lines of short appressed hairs. Leaves: petiole 1.8-3.5 cm; blade ovate, 4.7-7 x 2.6-4 cm, base cordate, margin always entire, tip acuminate, thinly pubescent. Inflorescence a many-flowered, subsessile pseudumbel. Peduncle to 2 mm. Pedicels 6-11 mm. Sepals to 3 nun, long acuminate. Corolla distinctly zygomorphic, 9-11 mm long, exterior glabrous, pale grey; corolla tube 7-8 nun, “S”-shaped, ventricose, basal swelling more than half as long as as tube overall, c 3.5 mm wide, interior pale, upper part of tube sharply 206 Habitat. In shade in evergreen Calpurnea - Carissa bushland and deciduous woodland with Stereospermum and Terminalia on lava and on marble; 19002000 m. Notes. Ceropegia microgaster, the “small-stomached Ceropegia” is named after the small, very strongly ventricose corolla tube. The corolla lobes are similar in form to those of C. melanops - short, triangular and slightly recurved but they are distinctively dark purple-pubescent at the base whereas C. recuwata and the West African taxa are glabrous or minutely velvety papillate. It is partly sympatric with the preceding species but the differences are consistent and it seems to grow at rather higher altitudes. Collections other than the type. Ethiopia: Gondar Province, 17 km from Gondar on road to Gorgora, 12” 31” 37” 26’E, 2020 m, 4 Sept. 1973, M. G.Gilbert & Getachew Aweke 3019 (ETH, K). Gojam Province, 25 km S of Bahir Dahr (11’27” 37” 16’E), 1990 m, 6 Sept. 1973, M. G. Gilbert & Getachew Aweke 3050 (ETH, K). Ceropegia erergotana M. G. Gilbert sp. nov. Type. J. J. F. E. De Wilde & M. G.Gilbert 446, Ethiopia, Harerghie Region, 11 km from Dire Dawa on road to Erer Gota, 1200 m, 2 Apr. 1971 (K holotype; WAG isotype). A C. aristolochioides sed tubis corolla externe minute puberulentis cinerascentibus conspicue purpureomaculatis (non glabris uniformiter flavescenibus vel pallideviridibus), lobis dense purpureobrunneis reticulatis apicibus purpureobrunneis carina adaxilaliter conspicue purpureobrunneo ciliatis (non uniformiter purpureorubentio pilosis non nisi ad marginem) differt. Nord. 1. Bot. 22(2) 2002 zyxwvutsrq zyxwvutsrqponmlk zyxwvu Fig. 1. Ceropegia recurvata, close up of flower of Gilbert, Thulin & Getachew 500. - Fig. 2. C. microgaster, close up of inflorescence of plant growing near the Tississat (Blue Nile) Falls, August 1972. Photo: Sue Edwards. - Fig. 3. C. erergotuna, close up of flower from the type collection, J. De Wilde & M. Gilbert 446. - Fig. 4. C. burgeri, close up of flower of J. De Wilde & M. Gilbert 445. - Huernia macrocarpa subsp. harerghensis, close up of flower of plant cultivated in Addis Abeba, January 1971, from material collected near to Dire Dawa. zyxwvu z Succulent herb. Roots all slender, tuber or fusiform roots absent. Stems to 7 mm thick, twining, to 2.5 m, or forming arching stolons. Leaves: petiole to 10 mm; leaf blade broadly ovate, almost orbicular, to 20 x 20 mm, base rounded to shallowly cordate, apex rounded with acumen to 3 mm, sparsely hairy when zyxwvutsrqponm Nord. J . Bot. 22(2) 2002 207 zyxw zyxwvuts zyxwvut zyxw very young, soon glabrous. Inflorescence a pedunculate pseudumbel, most parts glabrous; peduncle rigidly descending, to 15 mm long. Pedicel to 7 mm long. Corolla ascending to erect, (16-)27-32(-39) mm, exterior densely, minutely puberulent, greyish with upper part conspicuously purple blotched, lobes with dense purplish-brown reticulations and solid purple-brown tips, with conspicuous purple brown ciliate hairs along keel and on margins at tip, cage subacute. Outer corona lobes 2-toothed, densely ciliate; inner corona lobes subulate, connivent above style cap, glabrous. Old follicles 9 cm. - Fig. 3. Distribution. Ethiopia, Harerge Region; not known elsewhere. Habitat. Disturbed bushland with Acacia mellifera, Dobera glabra, Balanites aegyptiaca, Euphorbia schimperi, etc. on light brown, sandy soil; ca. 1200 m. Notes. This species is clearly closely related to C. aristolochioides with which it shares a very similar habit, including the presence of strongly arching stolons, the rigidly descending peduncles and the general form of the corolla and corona. However, it differs somewhat in leaf form, relatively much broader than in C. aristolochioides, and the colouring and indumentum of the corollas. In C. aristolochioides the corolla is glabrous except for the margins of the lobes and uniformly yellow or greenish-yellow with the lobes and sometimes the upper part af the tube uniformly flushed deep red, usually lackink any kind of marking or at the most with some obscure blotching, whilst C. erergotana has the exterior of the tube conspicuously blotched with purple and uniformly finely puberulent, and the inner faces of the lobes with very fine, dense reticulate marking and conspicuous purple, multicellular hairs along the margins and along the midrib and large white hairs near the tips. Both the known collections grew in association with C. burgeri, described below. Ceropegiae seticoronae E. A. Bruce affinis, sed inflorescentibus plerumque ramosis, corollis minoribus (2-3 cm longis, non 2.5-5 cm) lobis brevioribus (4-6.5 mm longis, non 6-12(-14) mm) non revolutis (non plus minusve revolutis) apicibus corollarum rotundis vel truncatis (non subacutis vel rostratis) differt. Twining herb; glabrous except for interior of corolla. Tuber or fusiform roots absent. Stem fleshy, glaucous grey-green, not stoloniferous. Leaves on flowering shoots reduced: petiole to 5 mm; leaf blade oblongovate, to 13 x 7 mm, base rounded to shallowly cordate, apex cuspidate-acuminate, f fleshy, larger on vegetative shoots. Inflorescence a lax, pedunculate, raceme-like cyme. Peduncle 7-17 mm, rachis to 8 mm, sometimes branched. Corolla 20-30 mm, pale yellow flushed and veined with pale pink; tube 1625 mm, basal swelling ovoid, 3.5-5.5 mm wide, ciliate on inside, tube mostly cylindrical, 2-2.5 mm wide then widening gradually to as wide as basal swelling at mouth; corolla lobes 4-6.5 mm, obovate, not strongly revolute, remaining attached at apex to form flat-topped, globose cage 4.5-7 mm wide. Outer corona lobes deeply notched to form pairs of triangular lobes, c 2/3rds as long as inner corona lobes, purple, tips sometimes with a few long slender hairs; inner corona lobes linear, c 1.2 mm, pale, connivent over stigma cap. Old follicles 17 x 0.5 cm. Fig. 4. Distribution. Ethiopia: Harerge, Gamu Gofa; not known elsewhere. Habitat. Deciduous or semideciduous bushland, usually with Acacia; 1200-1500 rn Notes. This species is most closely related to the Kenyan species Cerapegia seticorona Bally which has the corolla mostly distinctly marked with blotches and much longer corolla lobes which are distinctly revolute and form a f conical to somewhat beaked cage, very different from the very short rounded cage of C. burgeri. The many-flowered and often branched inflorescence is also rather distinctive. zyxwvuts zyxwvu Material seen other than the type. Ethiopia, Harerghie Region, 29 km from Erer Gota on road to Dire Dawa (9’36” 41’37’E), 1200 m, 19 Sept. 1975. M. G. Gilbert & M. Thulin 65 (ETH, K, UPS). Ceropegia burgeri M. G. Gilbert sp. nov. Type. Ethiopia: Harerge region, Uadendeo Plateau, 36 km ESE Harar, then 20 km S (9’04” 4223’E), Burger 2071 (K holotype; ETH isotype). 208 Material seen other than the type. Harerghe: 1 I km Dire Dawa - Erer Gota, 1200 m, 2 April 1971, de Wilde & Gilbert 445 (K, MO); 29 km Erer - Dire Dawa, 1200 m, 19 August 1975, Gilbert & Thulin 65 (ETH, K, UPS). Gamo Gofa: 6 km Konso - Arba Minch, 1340 m, 8 October 1989, Gilbert & Philips 9138 (K); 23 km Konso - Jinka, 1490 m, 28 September 1989, Gilbert & Philips 8898 (K). Nord. 1. Bot. 22(2) 2002 zyxwvut zyxwvutsrq Ceropegia moyalensis (Huber) M. G. Gilbert stat. nov. (9” 09” 41” 50’E), 2100 m, 11 August 1975, M. G. & C. I. Gilbert 4044 (K, holotype; ETH, isotype). Basionym: Ceropegia stenoloba var. moyalensis Huber, Mem. SOC.Brot. 12: 1957. A Huerniae macrocarpae subsp. macrocarpae sed corollis exterioribus laevis (non papillosis), lobis longioribus attenuatis, interioribus albis purpureopunctatibus, punctatibus in lineis plusminusve concentricis rarissime in lineis conjunctis (non uniformiter bruneibus vel albis purpureolineis) differt. Type. Kenya, Moyale, Gillett 14061 (K, holotype!). The difference in corolla indumentum is so striking that, coupled with the relatively much longer corolla lobes and a clear disjunction in distribution and ecology, this taxon should be treated as a full species. In Ceropegia stenoloba the corolla lobes are ca. 9 mm long and uniformly ciliate pubescent along their full length whereas in C. moyalensis the corolla lobes are up to 18 mm long and glabrous except for a few dark purple, clavate to fusiform, versatile marginal hairs towards the base. Huernia macrocarpa subsp. concinna sensu Gilbert, Cact. Succ. J. ( U S ) 47: 12, fig. 9 (1975), non sens. str.; H. penzigii “var.” Leach, Excelsa 4: 114 (fig. 68) (1988). Stems erect or ascending, densely tufted, to 7.5 cm high, 1.5 cm thick; tubercles in 5 ranks, conical acuminate, to 10 mm high. Leaves poorly differentiated from tubercle proper, finely tapered, persistent. Cymes produced at base of stem, producing successive flowers over a long period and reaching a length of more than 1 cm. Pedicel 5-10 mm. Sepals 6-lo(12) mm. Corolla bell-shaped, 15-20 mm wide, outside whitish, smooth, inside very pale cream, almost white, marked with concentric lines of purplish dots, these occasionally confluent into lines, sparsely papillate, papillae small, conical, blunt; corolla lobes acuminate-triangular, 5-7 mm long. Corona blackish purple except usually for bright yellow spots on dorsal gibbosities of each inner corona lobe; outer corona conical to almost flat, lobes broadly oblong with obscurely emarginate tip; inner corona lobes with prominent transverse dorsal gibbosities, upper part straight or slightly reflexed, f meeting in centre, tip blunt, very minutely tuberculate. - Fig. 5. zyxwvut zyxwv zyxwvutsrq zy Huernia macrocarpa (A. Rich.) Sprenger In Dammann, Catalogue 59: 4, t. 6 (1 892). Stapelia macrocarpa Richard, Tent. FI. Abyss. 2: 50 (1851). - Type: Ethiopia, Tigray Region, Debra Sina, Sept. 1840, Quartin-Dillon & Petit s.n. (P, holo!); Epitype: Eritrea, Gheleb, Penzig s.n., cult. La Mortola (K, epitype!, designated by M. G. Gilbert in Brodie, 1998). Leach (1988) claimed that, because the type specimen of Stapelia macrocarpa A. Rich. was in h i t and lacked flowers, there was sufficient doubt about the identity to prevent him from using that name and he placed all the material from northern Ethiopia in Huernia penzigii. The author is of the opinion that there is only one taxon of Huernia in that area and that the doubts about the identity of Richard’s species are not reasonable, particularly after the acceptance of the name in what is still the major single reference work for the Stapeliae, White and Sloane (1 937). Since Leach made that decision, there have been major changes in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al. 2000) to facilitate dealing with such situations and it has been possible to epitypify the taxon (Brodie 1998) with flowering material and remove all doubts to the identity of this taxon. Huernia macrocarpa (A. Rich.) Sprenger subsp. harerghensis subsp. nov. Type. Ethiopia: Harerghe Region, 4 km W of Grawa Nord. J. Bot. 22(2) 2002 Distribution. Ethiopia: Harerge region, south of Rift Valley. Habitat. Evergreen bushland overlying limestone or basalt, often with Carisa edulis and Euclea schimperi; 130&2200 m. Notes. The author originally identified material of this taxon as Huernia concina N. E. Br. (Gilbert 1975) and as a result treated that taxon as a subspecies of Huernia macrocarpa (A. Rich.) Sprenger. At that time, no material from Somalia was available. Leach (1988) subsequently showed that later collections from Somalia belonged to a complex of species distinct from H. macrocarpa leaving the material from southern Ethiopia without a name. The author believes that the original taxonomy was correct for the Ethiopian material and thus the taxon should be described as a new subspecies of H. macrocarpa. It zy 209 zyxwvut zyxwvut zyxw zyxwvuts z differs most consistently by the smooth exterior to the corolla which in H. macrocarpa is always distinctly papillate. Other differences are the corolla lobes which are usually rather longer and more obviously attenuate and the patterning of the corolla in which the markings are usually in the form of concentric lines of dots, only occasionally confluent into the distinct lines which are the norm for H. macrocarpa sens. str. Pachycymbium gilbertii (Plowes) M. G. Gilbert comb. nov. Angolluma gilbertii Plowes, Excelsa 16: 116 (1994); Orbea gilbertii (Plowes) Bruyns, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 63: 46 (2002) - Type: Ethiopia: Tigray Province, between Mekele and Kwiha, M. Gilbert s.n. (K, holo.). Caralluma commutata sensu M. G. Gilbert, Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit., 40(2): 46 (1978). Endemic to Tigray Province, northern Ethiopia. Pachycymbium Leach Excelsa, Taxon. Ser., 1: 69 (1978). Pachycymbium was originally set up by Leach (1978) for two species of Caralluma R. Br. from SE Tropical Africa. Gilbert (1990) expanded the concept of this genus to include a further 30 species that had hitherto nearly all been placed, quite incorrectly, within Caralluma, but which had affinities with the complex of genera around Orbea Haw. rather than Caralluma sens. str. Plowes (1994) reverted to the original concept of Pachycymbium and transferred nearly all the added species to Angolluma along with 2 new species. Other authors have added another 2 species. None of the characters used to seperate Pachycymbium from Angolluma work as all of them can be matched in various species of “Angolluma”. The failure of the division is especially well illustrated by the case of Angolluma lenewtonii Lavranos in which the protolog emphasises the importance of the presence of stipels for the separation of Pachycymbium from Angolluma but provides a very good photograph of the new species of Angolluma in which stipels can be very clearly seen. The form of the stem tubercles of this species is also strikingly similar to those of the type species of Pachycymbium, P. carnosum (Stent) Leach. This author remains convinced that Pachycymbium sensu Plowes is no more than a specialised group of species within a more broadly defined genus that must include Angolluma. If anything, the need is to consolidate genera as indicated by Bruyns (2000, 2002) who treated both Pachycymbium and Angolluma as part of a more widely defined Orbea Haw. In view of this, new combinations are made for 2 species from Kenya and Ethiopia described as Angolluma. Three further species, A . nubica Plowes, A . sudanica Plowes and A. lenewtonii Lavranos, have been described as members of Angolluma but these are not, in the view of the author, good species and have been synonymised by Bruyns (2002). 210 Pachycymbium semitubiforme (L. E. Newton) M. G. Gilbert comb. nov. Angolluma semitubiforme L. E. Newton, Cact. Succ. J. (U.S.A.) 65: 198 (1993); Orbea semitubiforme (L. E. Newton) Bruyns, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 63: 95 (2002) - Type: Tanzania: Kisite Crater, L. E. Newton 3419 (K, holotype, in spirit; SRGH, isotype). Endemic to northern Tanzania. Acknowledgments - A major part of the work for paper was carried out whilst the author was at Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, employed by Ethiopian Flora Project funded by SAREC. Benjamin Qllgaard is thanked for correcting Latin diagnosis. this the the Dr the References Brodie, S. 1998. Two Species of Huernia (Asclepiadaceae). Kew Mag. 15: 6-9. Bruyns, P. V. 2000. Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Stapeliads. I . Phylogeny. - Plant Syst. Evol. 221: 199226. - 2002. Monograph of Orbea and Ballyanthus (Apocynaceae - Asclepiadoideae - Ceropegieae). - Systematic Botany Monographs 63. Gilbert, M. G . 1975. The Genus Huernia in Ethiopia. - Cactus & SUCC.J. (U.S.). 47: 6-13. - 1990. A review of the genus Carahma (Asclepiadaceae). - Bradleya 8: 1-32. Leach, L. C. 1978. A Contribution towards a new classification of Stapelieae (Asclepiadaceae) with a preliminary review of Orbea Haw. and descriptions of three new genera. - Excelsa, Taxon. Ser. 1. - 1988. A revision of Huernia. - Excelsa, Taxon. Ser. 4. Plowes, D. C. H. 1994. The Taxonomy of the Genera Pachycymbium Leach and Angolluma Munster (Stapelieae: Asclepiadaceae). - Excelsa 16: 103-123 White, A. Sloane, B. L. 1937. The Stapelieae. - Pasadena. U.S.A. zyxw Nard. J. Bat. 22(2) 2002