THE CHIMANIMANI MOUNTAINS: AN UPDATED CHECKLIST

Bart Wursten

Extending over 530 km2 on both sides of the Mozambique‒Zimbabwe border, and primarily defined by its underlying geology, the Chimanimani massif is renowned for its montane vegetation and a high number of endemic taxa. A detailed vascular plant checklist from the area above 1200 m altitude was produced by Goodier and Phipps in 1961, but focussed mostly on the Zimbabwe side. Here we present a revision of that checklist with updated nomenclature and family circumscriptions, incorporating many recent additional records particularly from Mozambique. It is recognised that a fully comprehensive list for the montane area on both sides of the border would probably use a lower limit of 800 m and cover moist forests in more detail. The revised checklist covers 977 taxa, 956 of them native, from 142 families (including ferns and gymnosperms); the 74 Chimanimani strict montane endemics, 7.7% of the flora, are indicated along with 19 near-endemic taxa. Comparison with checklists for other montane massifs in the Flora Zambesiaca area shows that the Chimanimani is not particularly speciesrich, however it covers a smaller area with lesser altitudinal range. Despite the lower number of species recorded, the number of endemics on the Chimanimanis is significantly greater. Aspects of the botanical significance of the area are discussed.

Kirkia (2017) 19(1): B. W 70-100 , J.R. T & I. D 70 THE CHIMANIMANI MOUNTAINS: AN UPDATED CHECKLIST BART WURSTEN1, JONATHAN TIMBERLAKE2* AND IAIN DARBYSHIRE2 2 1 Meise Herbarium, Meise, Belgium Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, UK *Corresponding author: j.timberlake@btinternet.com SUMMARY 2 Extending over 530 km on both sides of the Mozambique‒Zimbabwe border, and primarily defined by its underlying geology, the Chimanimani massif is renowned for its montane vegetation and a high number of endemic taxa. A detailed vascular plant checklist from the area above 1200 m altitude was produced by Goodier and Phipps in 1961, but focussed mostly on the Zimbabwe side. Here we present a revision of that checklist with updated nomenclature and family circumscriptions, incorporating many recent additional records particularly from Mozambique. It is recognised that a fully comprehensive list for the montane area on both sides of the border would probably use a lower limit of 800 m and cover moist forests in more detail. The revised checklist covers 977 taxa, 956 of them native, from 142 families (including ferns and gymnosperms); the 74 Chimanimani strict montane endemics, 7.7% of the flora, are indicated along with 19 near-endemic taxa. Comparison with checklists for other montane massifs in the Flora Zambesiaca area shows that the Chimanimani is not particularly speciesrich, however it covers a smaller area with lesser altitudinal range. Despite the lower number of species recorded, the number of endemics on the Chimanimanis is significantly greater. Aspects of the botanical significance of the area are discussed. K : checklist – endemics – phytogeography – Zimbabwe INTRODUCTION The Chimanimani mountains, straddling the Mozambique‒Zimbabwe border between 19o36' and 20o04' S, have long held fascination for botanists on account of their plant species diversity and the exceptionally high number of endemic taxa (Timberlake et al. 2016b). Although the first known plant collections from the mountains were by Charles Swynnerton in 1906, the heyday of collecting and documentation was from 1948 to 1966, culminating in a series of publications on the mountains' ecology (Phipps & Goodier 1962), plant species composition (Goodier & Phipps 1958, 1961), endemics (Wild 1964) and phytogeography (Wild 1966). Apart from the study by Dutton and Dutton (1975), and more recently the Trans-Frontier Conservation Area (TFCA) Management Plan (Ghiurghi, Dondeyne & Bannermann 2010), most of our knowledge and understanding of the mountains has come from the Zimbabwe side. Knowledge of the Mozambique side, which comprises around three-quarters of the total extent, has been limited and based primarily on extrapolation. To redress this imbalance, the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) recently provided funding for a botanical study of the Mozambique side resulting in over 1000 plant collections and an improved understanding, which particularly focussed on endemic and/or threatened species (Timberlake et al. 2016b). Two checklists of the montane flora of the Chimanimani mountains have been produced, both by Rawdon Goodier and Jim Phipps using an altitudinal lower limit of 4000 feet (c. 1200 m) and with the main focus on the Zimbabwe portion. The initial list (Goodier & Phipps 1958) mentions 573 taxa, while the later revision (Goodier & Phipps 1961), compiled after much more collecting in the mountains, has 859 taxa, some of them of uncertain identity. The improved knowledge and understanding now available for the flora of the Mozambique side has allowed us to revise these checklists. 70 71 Chimanimani Mountains checklist THE CHIMANIMANI MOUNTAINS The Chimanimani massif itself, rising out of the Central African Plateau and forming part of the eastern continental escarpment (Clark, Barker & Mucina 2011), is effectively defined by its underlying geology, consisting of Frontier Series sediments of the Umkondo Group over 1785 million years old that have been metamorphosed and subjected to extensive folding (Watson 1969). The main constituent rock types are nutrient-deficient quartzites and the richer schists; it is the more extensive quartzites that give rise to the rugged scenery while schist generally supports rolling grassland. Covering an area of approximately 530 km2 above 500‒700 m altitude in the south and east and 1000‒1200 m in the north and west, the mountains extend about 50 km north-south and are up to 20 km wide. The main peaks are situated along the central north -south spine and are over 2000 m high (Mt Binga is 2436 m), although the majority of the massif is at an altitude of 1000‒1800 m. Annual rainfall figures are not available but are likely to be around 2500‒3000 mm/year on the upper plateau and peaks (Timberlake et al. 2016b), much higher than those recorded in the rainshadow below in Chimanimani town. In the higher parts rainfall can occur throughout the year while low, moisture-laden cloud is common above 1500 m, even in the dry season. The major determinant of vegetation type and composition is substrate and soil (Phipps & Goodier 1962); a vegetation map with an outline of the main types is available for the Zimbabwe side (Goodier & Phipps 1962). Slopes below 1200‒1400 m are generally covered in miombo woodland dominated by Brachystegia tamarindoides subsp. microphylla on quartzite and by Brachystegia spiciformis on schist. Above 1200 m the main vegetation comprises scrub, grassland or lithophytic communities. Ericaceous scrub, often found between boulders, is confined to quartzite and supports many of the endemic taxa, while on schist a more open shrub grassland with Protea species and Morella chimanimaniana is found. Grassland is perhaps the most widespread formation across the plateau with differences in grass species seen on different soil types; it also supports a number of the endemic taxa. Rock ledges and quartzite crags also support many endemic and interesting taxa. In gullies and favourable moister habitats, patches of Afromontane evergreen forest (often somewhat stunted) are found, normally 1 to 5 ha in extent. Species found here can be quite different from those found elsewhere. THE CHECKLIST The checklist presented here is based primarily on the second, revised list published in Kirkia (Goodier & Phipps 1961) that covered areas on quartzite and schist above an altitude of 4000 feet (c. 1200 m). To ensure comparability, the current list also uses a 1200 m lower altitudinal limit, although it is clear that in the eastern and southern parts of the massif in Mozambique, a montane flora can be found down to around 800 m and some of the quartzite endemics can be found down as low as 350 m. Some species recorded on recent trips down to 1000 m are therefore included here, although the geological substrate basis is retained. Records from the Flora of Mozambique and Flora of Zimbabwe websites (Hyde et al. 2017a, 2017b) are also included. Specimens of uncertain identity, cited in the original checklist only by genus and collector number, have been checked where possible in the Kew (K) or Harare (SRGH) herbaria and identified to species. Where it has not been possible to locate the specimen or confirm the identification, the original record has been omitted. One specimen, usually from Zimbabwe, is cited for each record, and a second added in many instances if there is a recent collection from Mozambique. Although grouped under Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons, families otherwise follow the APG III system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009) and the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (2016), and are listed alphabetically. For convenience genera and species are also listed alphabetically under each family; B. W , J.R. T & I. D 72 nomenclature generally follows that in the African Plants Database (http://www.villege.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/index.php). Species authorities are abbreviated following Brummitt and Powell (1992). Where a taxon is believed to be endemic or near-endemic to the Chimanimani mountains this is indicated with an E or NE, respectively. Following Timberlake et al. (2016b), endemics are considered to be those taxa confined solely to quartzite and schist substrates of the Chimanimani massif, while near-endemics are those taxa found in the Chimanimani mountains but also in immediately adjacent areas such as commercial farmland and forestry plantations in Chimanimani and Chipinge districts, the Banti, Cashel and Himalaya areas in Zimbabwe and Chirinda Forest, or in nearby montane or upland areas in Mozambique such as Rotanda and Tsetserra. Species known to be introduced are indicated with an asterisk (*). The revised checklist contains 977 taxa with 105 Pteridophytes, 4 Gymnosperms and 868 flowering plants (Table 1). Of these, 21 (2.1%) are introductions, and of the 956 native, non-introduced species, 74 (7.7%) are believed to be endemic and a further 19 (2.0%) are near-endemic. These figures differ slightly from those given in Timberlake et al. (2016b) as only taxa from above 1000‒1200 m are included here. The largest families represented in the checklist are shown in Table 2. Table 1. Number of taxa, endemics and introductions in the Chimanimani checklist, by group. No. endemics No. introduced No. taxa Pteridophytes 105 - - Gymnosperms 4 - 1 Monocotyledons 311 22 2 Dicotyledons 557 52 18 TOTAL 977 74 21 DISCUSSION Coverage The original Goodier & Phipps checklists (1958, 1961) were primarily focused on the Zimbabwe side of the Chimanimani mountains, covering only around a quarter of their total extent. Subsequent studies (Timberlake et al. 2016b) have not shown any obvious difference in species distribution across the border, although quartzite outcrops, which are where most of the endemics are found, extend to a much lower altitude (800 m) on the Mozambique side, lower than the altitudinal limit set here. A future, more comprehensive, checklist should retain the geological definition (quartzite plus schist substrates only) used by Goodier and Phipps but have a lower altitudinal limit of perhaps 800 m (although not too much below this even though the substrate may be the same) in order to avoid unnecessarily including lowland forest species. Of greater significance is the probable under-representation of certain habitats and features in the list. Goodier & Phipps (1961) recognise that moist forest patches ‒ of which there are many although they are limited in extent (see Müller 2006, Timberlake et al. 2016b: 28, 39) ‒ were not adequately covered in their checklist. This situation has not been greatly improved upon as the 2014‒2016 collecting trips carried out by the authors and others focussed primarily on endemics and species of restricted distribution. As the flora of moist forest is significantly different from that of scrub, grassland and crags, many additional species will probably be added to the list when the Afromontane forest patches are studied in more detail. It is believed that if this were done, and the altitudinal limit reduced to 800 m, the Chimanimani checklist may well exceed 1200 taxa. 73 Chimanimani Mountains checklist One other habitat that has not been well studied, and for obvious accessibility reasons, are the steep gorges. These are rare on the Zimbabwe side but much more common in the southern section in Mozambique along the middle reaches of the Rio Mufomodzi and Rio Murera. Table 2. Top 14 families represented in the Chimanimani checklist with more than 10 taxa each. Family Orchidaceae Asteraceae Poaceae Leguminosae (all subfamilies) Rubiaceae Cyperaceae Lamiaceae Asparagaceae Iridaceae Aspleniaceae (Pteridophyta) Pteridaceae (Pteridophyta) Apocynaceae Asphodeleaceae Orobanchaceae No. taxa 97 92 79 63 56 31 30 21 19 18 17 17 17 16 Moist forests and woodlands lie along the foothills of the Chimanimanis and are particularly well-developed in the south and east. Found at altitudes of 150‒600 m, below the lower range of this list, these forests are rich in species and contain some not found elsewhere in Zimbabwe, although they may be more widespread in Mozambique. A preliminary checklist was first completed in the 1970s by staff at the National Herbarium in Harare and shows 786 taxa for these low altitude forests and other lowland habitats, but it is not clear what upper altitudinal limit (if any) was used. From some of the species listed (e.g. Leucospermum saxosum and Syncolostemon flabellifolius) it may well have included some montane areas. The list was updated in 1999 as regards nomenclature as part of a Visitor's Guide to the Lower Rusitu Valley in Zimbabwe (Timberlake 2000) covering 784 taxa (58 pteridophytes, 2 gymnosperms, 222 monocotyledons and 502 dicotyledons), but the guide was never published. More recently, a study along the Mozambique foothills gave a partial list of 532 taxa (Timberlake et al. 2016a), few of which are likely to extend to the montane area. Phytogeography and Endemism Analysis of the similarities of the Chimanimani flora to those from elsewhere, or of any phytogeographical links, is not attempted here. On the basis of its species composition, Wild (1964), and others before and after such as Weimark (1941), White (1978) and van Wyk & Smith (2001), have grouped the Chimanimani flora with that of Nyanga, Vumba, Mt Gorongosa and even massifs further north such as Mt Mulanje in Malawi. However, in some regards the flora also has similarities to the fynbos vegetation of the equally nutrient-deficient Cape Mountains in South Africa, as seen, for example, in the presence of Erica species and the restio Platycaulos. The revised checklist shows 74 endemics and 19 near-endemics, although it only includes taxa found above 1200 m altitude; some endemics only known from lower altitudes (see Timberlake et al. 2016a, 2016b) are not included here. Owing to this altitudinal limitation, and the lack of separation between strict endemics, near-endemics B. W , J.R. T & I. D 74 and so-called Umkondo sandstone endemics, the earlier published figure of 70 taxa endemic to the Chimanimani mountains given in Mapaura & Timberlake (2002) and Mapaura (2002) is not strictly comparable. The actual number of montane endemics now known from the area is slightly higher; the recent Mozambique study lists seven possible new species to science (Timberlake et al. 2016b: Table 6.4), none of which are listed in Mapaura (2002). Conservation Although this checklist covers only the upper, montane parts of the Chimanimani massif, it should be recognised that it is the whole Chimanimani mountain area, together with the lowland forests, woodlands and wetlands in the south and on the Mozambique side, that are of international conservation significance. The species-rich lowland moist forests and wetlands are under the most threat (Timberlake et al. 2016a), even though a significant proportion of them lie inside the Chimanimani Trans-Frontier Conservation Area (TFCA). Most of the forests and wetlands, however, lies in the buffer zone rather than the more highly-protected core zone. Nearly all the area covered by the checklist is formally protected as Chimanimani National Park in Zimbabwe or as the Reserva Nacional de Chimanimani in Mozambique. Together these make up the core zone of the Chimanimani TFCA (Anon. n.d., Ghiurghi et al. 2010). The only area covered by the present checklist and not fully protected is about 330 ha in the Mussapa Gap area (1100‒1250 m altitude), which was presumably excised to allow for existing fields and settlement. However, despite this level of protection, in 2004 there was a massive influx of (illegal) gold miners, particularly on the Mozambique side (Dondeyne et al. 2009). Before 2006 the numbers of miners were estimated at 10,000 (Ndunguru et al. 2006), but had decreased to around 1000 by 2016 (Timberlake et al. 2016b). Apart from gold-panning activity along many of the larger streams, and a probable increase in the incidence of wildfires, this large influx of people seems to have had a surprisingly minor impact on most plant populations (Timberlake et al. 2016b). The possible threat to species with restricted distribution has been looked at by carrying out IUCN Red List conservation assessments on 82 species (Shah 2016, Timberlake et al. 2016b: Annex 2). Over half were considered to be Least Concern despite nearly all of them having a globally restricted distribution of 380 km2 (the estimated extent of quartzite substrate above 500‒1000 m altitude) or less. Many species that were considered to be under threat (Vulnerable or Endangered), particularly the nearendemics, were assessed as such owing to habitat clearance elsewhere in their range. However, a number of others were considered to be possibly affected by a greater incidence of wildfire resulting from the presence of the illegal gold miners. Only in a few cases was habitat destruction considered the main threat. Comparison with Other Mountains The total number of taxa from the Chimanimani mountains listed here (977) is somewhat lower than the 1472 taxa recorded from the Nyanga massif (Clark et al., this volume), the 1319 taxa recorded from Mt Mulanje in southern Malawi (Strugnell 2006) and the 1891 taxa from the Nyika plateau in northern Malawi (Burrows & Willis 2005). Although, not surprisingly, it exceeds the total of 605 taxa from the partial checklist available for Mt Gorongosa in central Mozambique (Müller et al. 2008). The comparison has limitations as the Nyanga checklist covers a larger area of 2181 km2 above 1000‒1500 m altitude, while the Nyika study covers a much larger and more tropical area of around 3200 km2, all of which is above 1800 m. The Mulanje study area covers 640 km2, similar to that of the Chimanimanis, but over a greater altitudinal range (approximately 700 to 3000 m) and with moist forest being more comprehensively covered. It is probably the nutrient poverty of the soils, coupled with the smaller extent of species-rich moist forest, that is the reason for the comparative species poverty of the Chimanimani mountains. 75 Chimanimani Mountains checklist However, the Chimanimani supports a significantly higher number of strict endemics, 74 taxa out of a total of 956 native taxa given in the checklist (7.7%), than is found in the Nyanga area (21 endemics; 1.4%), on Mt Mulanje (71 endemics; 5.4%) or on the Nyika plateau (33 endemics; 1.7%). This is undoubtedly due to the very nutrient-poor and phosphorous-deficient quartzite substrate that has encouraged local vicariant speciation (Wild 1964); the other mountains are derived from significantly less nutrient-deficient granite, syenite or dolerite rocks. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This checklist is dedicated to Rawdon Goodier and Jim Phipps, who compiled the first checklist of Chimanimani plants in 1958 primarily based on their own extensive collections. We thank Kew staff who helped identify specimens from the 2014 and 2016 trips, namely Phil Cribb, Nina Davies, David Goyder, Aurelie Grall, Mike Lock, Jo Osborne, Toral Shah and Kaj Vollesen, while Petra Ballings (Meise Herbarium) collected and identified many of the Pteridophytes; Aurelie Grall advised on their arrangement. In addition to the authors, recent collections from the following people are incorporated here: Petra Ballings, Aurelio Banze, Jeneen Hadj-Hammou, Anthony Mapaura, João Massunde, Hermenegildo Matimele, Kudakwashe Mutasa, Jo Osborne and Toral Shah. Finally, we are very grateful to staff of the Micaia Foundation, a Mozambican NGO, who facilitated the recent trips, in particular Daglasse Muassinar, Hercilia Chipanga and Milagre Nuvunga, and to the National Herbarium in Maputo for arranging permissions. REFERENCES A A B B C C D D G G . (n.d.). Chimanimani Transfrontier Conservation Area. SADC/German Cooperation/giz brochure. Available at: https://www.giz.de/en/downloads/giz2015-en -tfca-chimanimani.pdf, accessed March 2016. P G (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 161: 105–121. , R.K. & P , C.E. (1992). Authors of Plant Names. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. , J.E. & W , C.K. [editors] (2005). Plants of the Nyika Plateau. Southern Africa Biodiversity Network Report No. 31. SABONET, Pretoria. , V.R., B , N.P. & M , L. (2011). The great escarpment of southern Africa: a new frontier for biodiversity exploration. 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Where two specimen citations are given, one is for Mozambique and one for Zimbabwe. E = endemic; NE = near-endemic; * = alien species PTERIDOPHYTA Anemiaceae Anemia lepigera (Baker) Christenh. Anemia nudiuscula (J.P.Roux) Christenh. Anemia simii Tardieu Anemia vestita (Baker) Christenh. Swynnerton 611a Ballings & Wursten 2315 Ballings & Wursten 2190 Ballings & Wursten 2232 Aspleniaceae Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm.f.) Bech. Asplenium anisophyllum Kunze Asplenium cf. blastophorum Hieron. Asplenium boltonii Brause & Hieron. Asplenium dregeanum Kunze Asplenium erectum Willd. Asplenium friesiorum C.Chr. Asplenium formosum Willd. Asplenium lobatum Pappe & Rawson Asplenium mannii Hook. Asplenium monanthes L. Asplenium obscurum Blume Asplenium protensum Schrad. Asplenium rutifolium (P.J.Bergius) Kunze Asplenium sandersonii Hook. Asplenium simii A.F.Braithw.& Schelpe Asplenium stuhlmannii Hieron. Asplenium theciferum Humb., Bonpl.& Kunth Phipps 452, Ballings & Wursten 2209 Chase 3913 Mitchell 381 Mitchell 341 Mitchell 506 Mitchell 511 Ballings & Wursten 2244 Ballings & Wursten 2194 Ballings & Wursten 1504 Mitchell 314, Massunde 261 Mitchell 308 Mitchell 405 Mitchell 523 Ballings & Wursten 2261 Mitchell 324 Mitchell 267 Ballings & Wursten 2242 Mitchell 344 Athyriaceae Athyrium newtonii Baker Chase 3052 Blechnaceae Blechnum attenuatum (Sw.) Mett. Blechnum capense Burm.f. Blechnum tabulare (Thunb.) Kuhn Chase 3015 Ballings & Wursten 2311 Phipps 313, Ballings & Wursten 2251 Cyatheaceae Cyathea capensis (L.f.) Sm. Cyathea dregei Kunze Mitchell 328 Phipps 287 Dennstaedtiaceae Blotiella glabra (Bory) R.M.Tryon Blotiella natalensis (Hook.) R.M.Tryon Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. capense (Thunb.) C.Chr. Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris athamantica (Kunze) Kuntze Dryopteris kilimensis (Kuhn) Kuntze Dryopteris pentheri (Krasser) C.Chr. Elaphoglossum acrostichoides (Hook.& Grev.) Schelpe Elaphoglossum aubertii (Desv.) T.Moore Elaphoglossum marojejyense Tardieu Elaphoglossum kuhnii Hieron. Mitchell 395 Chase 3051 Mitchell 346 Phipps 379 Phipps 471 Phipps 459 Ballings & Wursten 2288 Whellan 1530 Phipps 656 Mitchell 529 79 Chimanimani Mountains checklist Elaphoglossum lancifolium (Desv.) C.V.Morton Elaphoglossum lastii (Baker) C.Chr. Elaphoglossum macropodium (Fée) T.Moore Polystichum zambesiacum Schelpe Gleicheniaceae Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw. Gleichenia polypodioides (L.) Sm. Sticherus umbraculiferus (Kunze) Ching Watmough 97, Banze 458 Chase 3014 Wursten 92 Whellan 2184 Ballings & Wursten 2248 Ballings & Wursten 2250 Ballings & Wursten 2262 Hymenophyllaceae Abrodictyum rigidum (Sw.) Ebihara & Dubuisson Crepidomanes melanotrichum (Schltdl.) J.P.Roux Didymoglossum erosum (Willd.) J.P.Roux Hymenophyllum capense Schrad. Hymenophyllum capillare (Desv) Copel. var. alternialatum (Pic.Serm.) Faden Hymenophyllum kuhnii C.Chr. Hymenophyllum sibthorpioides (Willd.) Kuhn Hymenophyllum tunbridgense (L.) Sm. Polyphlebium borbonicum (Bosch.) Ebihara & Dubuisson Ballings & Wursten 2306 Mitchell 321 Phipps 658, Ballings & Wursten 2307 Ballings & Wursten 2199 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea odorata Roxb. Wursten 1051 Lycopodiaceae Huperzia dacrydioides (Baker) Pic.Serm. Huperzia gnidioides (L.f.) Trevis Huperzia ophioglossoides (Lam.) Rothm. Huperzia verticillata (L.f.) Trevis Lycopodiella caroliniana (L.) Pic.Serm. Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic.Serm. Lycopodiella sarcocaulon (Kuhn) Pic.Serm. Lycopodium clavatum L. Mitchell 343 Ballings & Wursten 2286 Mitchell 503 Wild 2953 Ballings & Wursten 2279 Phipps 277, Ballings & Wursten 2275 Mitchell 227, Timberlake 6185 Mitchell 348 Lygodiaceae Lygodium kerstenii Kuhn Watmough 101 Marattiaceae Ptisana fraxinea (Sm.) Murdock var. salicifolia (Schrad.) Murdock Ballings & Wursten 2310 Mitchell 286 Mitchell 320 Mitchell 339 Mitchell 530 Mitchell 329 Nephrolepidaceae Nephrolepis undulata (Afzel.) J.Sm. Phipps 473 Oleandraceae Oleandra distenta Kunze Ballings & Wursten 2207 Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum vulgatum L. subsp. africanum J.E.Burrows Osmundaceae Osmunda regalis L. Todea barbara (L.) T.Moore Ballings & Wursten 2263 Ballings & Wursten 2270 Polypodiaceae Grammitis nanodes (Peter) Ching Lepisorus excavatus (Willd.) Ching Lepisorus schraderi (Mett.) Ching Loxogramme abyssinica (Baker) M.G.Price Melpomene flabelliformis (Poir.) A.R.Sm.& Moran Mitchell 364 Ballings & Wursten 2200 Mitchell 334 Mitchell 298 Phipps 657 Goodier & Phipps 280 B. W , J.R. T Pleopeltis macrocarpa (Willd.) Kaulf. Pyrrosia rhodesiana (C.Chr.) Schelpe & I. D 80 Ballings & Wursten 2201 Müller 3451 Pteridaceae Adiantum lunulatum Burm.f. Adiantum mendoncae Alston Adiantum poiretii J.E.Wikstr. Cheilanthes buchananii (Baker) Domin Cheilanthes inaequalis (Kunze) Mett. Cheilanthes multifida (Sw.) Sw. Cheilanthes quadripinnata (Forssk.) Kuhn Cheilanthes viridis (Forssk.) Sw. var. glauca (Sim) Schelpe & N.C.Anthony Pellaea calomelanos (Sw.) Link var. calomelanos Pellaea calomelanos (Sw.) Link. var. swynnertoniana (Sim) Schelpe Pellaea doniana Hook. Pellaea pectiniformis Baker Pityrogramma argentea (Willd.) Domin Pteris cretica L. Pteris catoptera Kunze Vittaria isoetifolia Bory Vitaria volkensii Hieron. Mitchell 330 Ballings & Wursten 2222 Ballings & Wursten 2252 Mitchell 302 Mitchell 304 Ballings & Wursten 2196 Mitchell 325, Wursten 1067 Schizaeaceae Schizaea pectinata (L.) Sw. Schizaea tenella Kaulf. Ballings & Wursten 2292 Ballings & Wursten 2312 Selaginellaceae Selaginella dregei (Presl) Hieron. Selaginella goudotiana Spring var. abyssinica (Spring) Bizarri Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A.Braun Selaginella mittenii Baker Ballings & Wursten 2192 Mitchell 404 Mitchell 524 Phipps 324, Ballings & Wursten 2226 Banze 451 Ballings & Wursten 2301 Swynnerton Mitchell 330 Mitchell 299, Banze 452 Ballings & Wursten 2195 Ballings & Wursten 2206 Phipps 331, Ballings & Wursten 2213 Swynnerton 805 Ballings & Wursten 2202 Tectariaceae Arthropteris monocarpa (Cordem.) C.Chr. Arthropteris orientalis (J.F.Gmel.) Posth. Mitchell 305 Mitchell 233, Osborne 1205 Thelypteridaceae Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy Christella cf. gueinziana (Mett.) Holttum Thelypteris confluens (Thunb.) C.V.Morton Mitchell 505 Ballings & Wursten 2191 Phipps 373 GYMNOSPERMAE Cupressaceae Widdringtonia nodiflora (L.) Powrie Ballings & Wursten 2266 Pinaceae * Pinus patula Schlect.& Cham. Timberlake 6151 Podocarpaceae Podocarpus elongatus (Aiton) Pers. Podocarpus milanjianus Rendle Timberlake 6002 Swynnerton 1962, Timberlake 6164 MONOCOTYLEDONAE Aloaceae (see Asphodelaceae) Amaryllidaceae Cryptostephanus vansonii I.Verd. Cyrtanthus breviflorus Harv. Cyrtanthus rhodesianus Rendle Matimele 2077 Wild 4580 Swynnerton 769 81 Chimanimani Mountains checklist Anthericaceae (see Asparagaceae) Arecaceae Phoenix reclinata Jacq. Raphia farinifera (Gaertn.) Hyl. Asparagaceae Albuca kirkii (Baker) Brenan Albuca abyssinica Jacq. Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Wight E Asparagus chimanimanensis Sebsebe Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop Asparagus virgatus Baker Behnia reticulata (Thunb.) Didr. Chlorophytum cf. blepharophyllum Baker NE Chlorophytum pygmaeum (Weim.) Kativu subsp. rhodesianum (Rendle) Kativu Dipcadi marlothii Engl. Dipcadi viride (L.) Moench Drimia elata Willd. Eriospermum flagelliforme (Baker) J.C.Manning E Eriospermum mackenii (Hook.f.) Baker subsp. phippsii (Wild) P.L.Perry Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt. Ledebouria revoluta (L.f.) Jessop Ledebouria sp. Merwilla lazulina (Wild) Speta Ornithogalum tenuifolium F.Delaroche subsp. tenuifolium E Sansevieria pedicellata la Croix Schizocarphus nervosus (Burch.) van der Merwe Urginea nyasae Rendle Asphodelaceae Aloe arborescens Mill. Aloe chabaudii Schönland var. chabaudii Aloe cryptopoda Baker E Aloe hazeliana Reynolds var. hazeliana E Aloe hazeliana Reynolds var. howmanii (Reynolds) S.Carter E Aloe munchii Christian NE Aloe musapana Reynolds E Aloe plowesii Reynolds Aloe rhodesiana Rendle Aloe swynnertonii Rendle E Aloe wildii (Reynolds) Reynolds Bulbine abyssinica A.Rich. Bulbine latifolia (L.f.) Roem.& Schult.f. Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Kniphofia linearifolia Baker Kniphofia splendida E.A.Bruce Trachyandra saltii (Baker) Oberm. Phipps (s.r.) Ballings & Wursten (photo) Mapaura 641 Wursten (photo) Phipps Matimele 2056 Phipps 466 Phipps 464 Swynnerton 1098 Hadj-Hammou 30 Goodier 510, Timberlake 6014 Wursten 1074 Mapaura 737 Chase 2947 Taylor 1795 Phipps 840, Timberlake 6030 Hall 234 Wild 3535, Timberlake 5999 Ballings & Wursten 1523 Chase 2917 Ballings & Wursten 1519 Wild 5638 Timberlake 5995 Sturgeon in SRGH 30517 Wursten (photo) Leach 9043 Matimele 2078 Goodier 1002, Wursten 1076 Hadj-Hammou 29 Reynolds 8225 Goodier 1007, Matimele 2099 Timberlake 6010 Crook 258 Matimele 2052a Wild 3541, Banze 449 Mapaura 895 Hadj-Hammou 34 Mapaura 700 Hall 423, Osborne 1184 Mapaura 697 Goodier 509 Behniaceae (see Asparagaceae) Burmanniaceae Burmannia madagascariensis Mart. Wild 2948, Osborne 1188 Colchicaceae Gloriosa superba L. Wurmbea angustifolia B.Nord. Phipps 462 Hall 425 B. W , J.R. T & I. D 82 Commelinaceae Aneilema aequinoctiale (P.Beauv.) Kunth Phipps 499 Commelina africana L. var. africana Goodier & Phipps 285, Mapaura 704 Commelina africana L. var. krebsiana (Kunth) C.B.Clarke Hall 362 Commelina aspera Benth. var. aspera Mapaura 650 Commelina diffusa Burm.f. Mapaura 736 Commelina pycnospatha Brenan Mapaura 643 Cyanotis barbata D.Don Mapaura 668 Cyanotis foecunda Hassk. Phipps 314, Mapaura 723 Cyanotis sp. near lapidosa E.Phillips Mapaura 681 Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan Goodier 140, Timberlake 5962 Cyperaceae Ascolepis capensis (Kunth) Ridl. Bulbostylis burchellii (Ficalho & Hiern) C.B.Clarke Bulbostylis collina (Kunth) C.B.Clarke Bulbostylis hispidula (Vahl) R.W.Haines Bulbostylis oritrephes (Ridl.) C.B.Clarke Bulbostylis macra (Ridl.) C.B.Clarke Carex spicato-paniculata C.B.Clarke Carex steudneri Boeck. Coleochloa setifera (Ridl.) Gilly Costularia natalensis C.B.Clarke Cyperus albostriatus Schrad. Cyperus denudatus L.f. var. denudatus Cyperus distans L.f. Cyperus margaritaceus Vahl Cyperus obtusiflorus Vahl var. obtusiflorus Cyperus rupestris Kunth Cyperus schinzii Boeck. Cyperus tenax Boeck. Ficinia gracilis Schrad. Ficinia stolonifera Boeck. Fuirena pubescens Kunth Fuirena stricta Steud. var. stricta Isolepis fluitans (L.) R.Br. Kyllinga odorata Vahl Pycreus aethiops (Ridl.) C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale Schoenoplectus corymbosus (Roem.& Schult) J.Raynal Schoenoxiphium sparteum (Wahlenb.) C.B.Clarke Scleria catophylla C.B.Clarke Scleria bulbifera A.Rich. Scleria flexuosa Boeck. Phipps 237 Child 6 Phipps 262 Mapaura 690 Goodier & Phipps 8 Phipps 670 Phipps 288, Mapaura 658b Goodier 173 Goodier & Phipps 211, Timberlake 5978 Timberlake 5966 Phipps 325 Phipps 374 Hall 448 Goodier & Phipps 134 Phipps 384 Goodier & Phipps 241 Phipps 318a Phipps 345 Wild 3620 Goodier 495 Phipps 410 Timberlake 5985 Phipps 279, Timberlake 6156 Hall 446 Phipps 237a Phipps 360 Timberlake 6158 Goodier & Phipps 361 Phipps 250 Goodier 478 Phipps 691 Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea schimperiana Kunth Wursten (photo) Dracaenaceae (see Asparagaceae) Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon africanum Hochst. E Mesanthemum africanum Hassk. Sygonanthus wahlbergii (Korn.) Ruhland Sygonanthus welwitschiiii (Rendle) Ruhland Eriospermaceae (see Asparagaceae) Hemerocallidaceae (see Asphodelaceae) Hyacinthaceae (see Asparagaceae) Wild 3579 Timberlake 5969 Noel 2141 Ballings & Wursten 2304 83 Chimanimani Mountains checklist Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis angustifolia Lam. Hypoxis filiformis Baker Hypoxis nyasica Baker Hypoxis parvifolia Baker Hypoxis rigidula Baker Hypoxis sp. A of FZ Goodier 219, Mapaura 671 Mutasa 3 Wild 2967 Goodier & Phipps 338 Goodier & Phipps 205, Massunde 239 Mutasa 4 Iridaceae Aristea abyssinica Pax Aristea ecklonii Baker Aristea woodii N.E.Br. Crocosmia aurea (Hook.) Planch. subsp. aurea Dierama formosum / plowesii group E? Dierama plowesii Hilliard Dietes iridioides (L.) Klatt Gladiolus atropurpureus Baker Gladiolus crassifolius Baker Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel subsp. dalenii E Gladiolus juncifolius Goldblatt Gladiolus mossambicensis Baker E Hesperantha ballii Wild Lapeirousia erythrantha (Klatt) Baker Moraea muddii N.E.Br. Moraea schimperi (Hochst.) Pic.Serm. Moraea stricta Baker Moraea thomsonii Baker Radinosiphon leptostachya (Baker) N.E.Br. Phipps 677 Wursten 1060a Phipps 346 Hall 424 Timberlake 6031 Plowes 3150 Mapaura 636 Timberlake 6043 Ballings & Wursten 2260 Phipps 431 Grosvenor 177 Mutasa 11 Ballings & Wursten 2300 Goodier 183 Whellan 2153 Crook M151 Grosvenor 225, Timberlake 6034 Wild 3550 Phipps 298, Hadj-Hammou 46 Juncaceae Juncus dregeanus Kunth subsp. bachitii (Steud.) Hedberg Goodier & Phipps 357 Musaceae * Musa sp. Orchidaceae Aerangis mystacidii (Rchb.f.) Schltr. Angraecopsis parviflora (Thouars) Schltr. Angraecum chamaeanthus Schltr. E Angraecum chimanimaniense G.Will. Angraecum conchiferum Lindl. Angraecum minus Summerh. Angraecum sacciferum Lindl. Ansellia africana Lindl. Bolusiella sp. Brachycorythis buchananii (Schltr.) Rolfe Brachycorythis inhambanensis (Schltr.) Schltr. Brachycorythis ovata Lindl. subsp. welwitschii (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Brachycorythis pleistophylla Rchb.f. subsp. pleistophylla Brachycorythis tenuior Rchb.f. Brownleea maculata P.J.Cribb Brownleea parviflora Lindl. Bulbophyllum ballii P.J.Cribb Bulbophyllum elliotii Rolfe Bulbophyllum fuscum Lindl. var. melinostachyum (Schltr.) J.J.Verm. Bulbophyllum humblotii Rolfe Bulbophyllum maximum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum sandersonii (Hook.f.) Rchb.f. subsp. sandersonii Timberlake (s.r.) Ball (s.r.) Ball 220 Ball 281 Ball 412 Ball 356 Ball 282 Ball 353 Ball (s.r.) Ball 354 Phipps 429 Ball 190 Ball 422 Mapaura 722 Ball 218 Ballings & Wursten 2322 Ball 283 Ball 258 Ballings & Wursten (photo) Ball 229 Ball 316 Ball 151 Hall 221 B. W , J.R. T & I. D Bulbophyllum scaberulum (Rolfe) Bolus Bulbophyllum unifoliatum De Wild. subsp. infracarinatum (G.Will.) J.J.Verm. Cynorkis anisoloba Summerh. Cynorkis debilis (Hook.f.) Summerh. Cynorkis kassneriana Kraenzl. Cynorkis kirkii Rolfe Cyrtorchis praetermissa Summerh. Disa aconitoides Sond. subsp. concinna (N.E.Br.) H.P.Linder Disa baurii Bolus Disa brevicornis (Lindl.) Bolus E Disa chimanimaniensis (H.P.Linder) H.P.Linder Disa equestris Rchb.f. Disa hircicornis Rchb.f. Disa fragrans Schltr. subsp. fragrans Disa ornithantha Schltr. Disa patula Sond. var. transvaalensis Summerh. Disa saxicola Schltr. Disa versicolor Rchb.f. Disa zimbabweensis H.P.Linder Eulophia longisepala Rendle Eulophia saxicola P.J.Cribb & G.Will. Eulophia tenella Rchb.f. Eulophia tuberculata Bolus Habenaria anaphysema Rchb.f. Habenaria falcicornis (Lindl.) Bolus var. caffra (Schltr.) Renz & Schelpe Habenaria macrostele Summerh. Habenaria singularis Summerh. Habenaria subaequalis Summerh. Holothrix macowaniana Rchb.f. Holothrix orthoceras (Harv.) Rchb.f. Holothrix villosa Lindl. Jumellea walleri (Rolfe) la Croix Liparis bowkeri Harv. Liparis chimanimaniensis G.Will. Neobolusia ciliata Summerh. E Oligophyton drummondii H.P.Linder & G.Will. Orthochilus eustachyus (Rchb.f.) Bytebier Orthochilus foliosus (Lindl.) Bytebier Orthochilus mechowii Rchb.f. Orthochilus milnei (Rchb.f.) Bytebier Platylepis glandulosa (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Polystachya adansoniae Rchb.f. Polystachya albescens Ridl. subsp. imbricata (Rolfe) Summerh. Polystachya caespitifica Engl. subsp. hollandii (L.Bolus) P.J.Cribb & Podzorski Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & H.R.Sweet Polystachya cultriformis (Thouars) Spreng. Polystachya dendrobiiflora Rchb.f. Polystachya fusiformis (Thouars) Lindl. Polystachya subumbellata P.J.Cribb & Podzorski Polystachya transvaalensis Schltr. NE Polystachya valentina la Croix & P.J.Cribb Rangaeris muscicola (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Rhipidoglossum rutilum (Rchb.f.) Schltr. Satyrium aberrans Summerh. Satyrium breve Rolfe Satyrium buchananii Schltr. 84 Ball 251 Ball 986 Ball 244 Ballings & Wursten 2193 Ball 243 Ball 424 Ball (s.r.) Ball 426 Wild 3556 Ball 550 Ball 577 Ball 450 Phipps 430 Phipps 645, Hadj-Hammou 40 Goodier 195 Phipps 391 Goodier 174 Phipps 391a Ball 549 Ball 461 Ball 425 Hall 215 Garley 168 Phipps 369 Ball 236 Goodier 198 Ball 238 Ball 237 Ball 579 Ball 286 Ball 583 Ball 278 Hall 226 Hall 410 Hall 225 Drummond 8930 Goodier & Phipps 343 Ball 432 Mutasa 7 Ball 555 Ball 741 Wursten 1061 Ball 181 Ball 289 Ngoni 234 Ball (s.r.) Wursten 1064 Ball 607 Beasley 234 Ball (s.r.) Ball 246, Timberlake 6028 Ball 223 Holmes 139 Ball 546 Ball 415 Philcox et al. 9027 85 Chimanimani Mountains checklist Satyrium chlorocorys Rolfe Satyrium compactum Summerh. Satyrium flavum la Croix Satyrium longicauda Lindl. Satyrium mirum Summerh. Satyrium neglectum Schltr. var. neglectum Satyrium oliganthum Schltr. Satyrium trinerve Lindl. E Schizochilus calcaratus P.J.Cribb & la Croix NE Schizochilus lepidus Summerh. Solenangis conica (Schltr.) L.Jonss. Stenoglottis zambesiaca Rolfe Tridactyle bicaudata (Lindl.) Schltr. Tridactyle inaequilonga (De Wild.) Schltr. Tridactyle tricuspis (Bolus) Schltr. Tridactyle tridactylites (Rolfe) Schltr. Tridactyle verrucosa P.J.Cribb Vanilla polylepis Summerh. Ypsilopus erectus (P.J.Cribb) P.J.Cribb & J.L.Stewart Hadj-Hammou 52 Ball 187 Ball 946 Phipps 441 Ball 561 Phipps 375 Goodier & Phipps 355 Phipps 413 Whellan 2211 Hall 377 Holmes 152 Hall 297 Ball 277, Shah 3 Ball 297 Ball 193 Ball 191 Fibeck & Phiri s.n. Ball 844 Ball 245 Poaceae Alloteropsis semialata (R.Br.) Hitchc. var. ecklonii Stapf Goodier & Phipps 167 Andropogon eucomus Nees subsp. eucomus Phipps 236 Andropogon eucomus Nees Phipps 272 subsp. huillensis (Rendle) Sales Andropogon mannii Hook.f. Phipps 2842 Andropogon perligulatus Steud. Phipps 278a Andropogon schirensis A. Rich. Phipps 350, Timberlake 5971 Aristida adscensionis L. Timberlake 6180 Aristida junciformis Trin.& Rupr. Sturgeon in SRGH 30759 subsp. macilenta (Henr.) Melderis Aristida leucophaea Henr. Goodier & Phipps 54 Aristida recta Franch. Phipps 269, Mapaura 691 Bewsia biflora (Hack.) Gooss. Phipps 382 Bothriochloa radicans (Lehm.) A.Camus Timberlake 6190 Brachyachne fulva Stapf Goodier & Phipps 142 Chloris pycnothrix Trin. Goodier & Phipps 295 Ctenium concinnum Nees Matimele 2088 Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle Phipps (s.r.) Danthoniopsis pruinosa C.E.Hubb. Timberlake 5963 E Danthoniopsis chimanimaniensis (Phipps) Clayton Timberlake 5990 Digitaria diagonalis (Nees) Stapf Phipps 381 Digitaria gazensis Rendle Phipps 243 Digitaria nitens Rendle Goodier & Phipps 315 Digitaria setifolia Stapf Goodier & Phipps 275 Diheteropogon amplectens (Nees) Clayton var. amplectens Timberlake 6176 Diheteropogon filifolius (Nees) Clayton Goodier & Phipps 139 Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. Child 11 Elionurus muticus (Spreng.) Kuntze Goodier & Phipps 133, Timberlake 5997b Eragrostis acraea De Winter Goodier & Phipps 333, Timberlake 6181 Eragrostis caniflora Rendle Goodier & Phipps 193 Eragrostis capensis (Thunb.) Trin. Phipps 242 E Eragrostis desolata Launert Goodier & Phipps 24, Matimele 2052 Eragrostis mollior R.E.Fr. Phipps 328, Mapaura 662 Eragrostis racemosa (Thunb.) Steud. Phipps 252, Timberlake 6032 Eragrostis tenuifolia (A.Rich.) Steud. Goodier & Phipps 299 Eragrostis tincta S.M.Phillips Phipps 367 Eragrostis volkensii Pilg. Goodier & Phipps 19 Eriochrysis brachypogon (Stapf) Stapf Phipps 271 Festuca costata Nees Goodier 504 Hyparrhenia cymbaria (L.) Stapf Goodier 996 B. W * , J.R. T & I. D 86 Hyparrhenia newtonii (Hack.) Stapf var. newtonii Hadj-Hammou 41 Isachne mauritiana Kunth Goodier 1002 Ischaemum fasciculatum Brongn. Phipps 296 Koeleria capensis (Steud.) Nees Goodier 505 Loudetia simplex (Nees) C.E.Hubb. Phipps 270, Timberlake 6174 Melinis nerviglumis (Franch.) Zizka Goodier & Phipps 136, Mapaura 678 Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka subsp. repens Phipps 257, Mapaura 703 Microchloa altera (Rendle) Stapf Goodier & Phipps 143 Microchloa caffra Nees Goodier 508 Monocymbium ceresiiforme (Nees) Stapf Phipps 297 Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P.Beauv. Phipps (s.r.) Panicum brazzavillense Franch. Phipps 357 Panicum dregeanum Nees Phipps 241 Panicum ecklonii Nees Goodier & Phipps 135 Panicum eickii Mez Mapaura 689 Panicum inaequilatum Stapf & C.E.Hubb. Phipps 317 Panicum natalense Hochst. Wursten 1072 Pentaschistis natalensis Stapf Phipps 660 Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Goodier & Phipps 287 Poa annua L. Goodier & Phipps 298 Pogonarthria squarrosa (Roem.& Schult.) Pilg. Goodier & Phipps 301 Pogonochloa greenwayi C.E.Hubb. Chase 2979 Rhytachne rottboellioides Desv. Goodier & Phipps 122, Timberlake 6041 Rytidosperma davyi C.E.Hubb. Goodier & Phipps 204 Sacciolepis spiciformis (A.Rich.) Stapf Goodier & Phipps 18 Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston West 3623 Setaria megaphylla (Steud.) Durand.& Schinz Goodier & Phipps 83 Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & M.B.Moss Phipps 305 Sporobolus centrifugus (Trin.) Nees Goodier & Phipps 184 Sporobolus pyramidalis P.Beauv. Goodier & Phipps 297 Sporobolus subtilis Kunth Phipps 266 Styppeiochloa gynoglossa (Gooss.) De Winter Goodier & Phipps 20 Themeda triandra Forssk. Phipps 245 Trachypogon spicatus (L.f.) Kuntze Goodier & Phipps 121, Mapaura 732 Tragus berteronianus Schult. Goodier & Phipps 296 Trichanthecium brazzavillense (Franch.) Zuloaga & Morrone Mapaura 661 Trichopteryx dregeana Nees Goodier & Phipps 57 Trichopteryx stolziana Henr. Phipps 688, Mapaura 657 Tristachya nodiglumis K.Schum. Phipps 481 Tristachya leucothrix Nees Goodier & Phipps 291, Timberlake 5998 Urelytrum agropyroides (Hack.) Hack. Phipps 414 Restionaceae E Platycaulos quartziticola (H.P.Linder) H.P.Linder Ballings & Wursten 2308 Smilaceae Smilax anceps Willd. Swynnerton 1099, Massunde 240 Strelitziaceae Strelitzia caudata R.A.Dyer Munch 127 Velloziaceae E Xerophyta argentea (Wild) L.B.Sm.& Ayensu Xerophyta viscosa Baker Ballings & Wursten 2298 Timberlake 6016 Xanthorrhoeaceae (see Asphodelaceae) Xyridaceae Xyris angularis N.E.Br. E Xyris asterotricha Lock Xyris congensis Büttner Phipps 240 Goodier 185, Hadj-Hammou 44 Timberlake 5988 87 Chimanimani Mountains checklist Xyris erubescens Rendle Xyris gerrardii N.E.Br. Xyris obscura N.E.Br. Xyris rehmannii L.A.Nilsson Xyris schliebenii Poelln. E Xyris sp nov. Goodier & Phipps 243, Timberlake 6022 Miss Weiste 9125 Hadj-Hammou 22 Phipps 440 Hadj-Hammou 23 Hadj-Hammou 59 Zingiberaceae Afromomum angustifolium (Sonn.) K.Schum. Aframomum albiflorum Lock Hall 252 Wursten (photo) DICOTYLEDONAE Acanthaceae Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson subsp. micrantha (Nees) Ensermu Brillantaisia cicatricosa Lindau Dicliptera clinopodia Nees Hypoestes aristata (Vahl) Roem.& Schult. Justicia betonica L. Justicia striata (Klotzsch) Bullock Mellera lobulata S.Moore Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet subsp. imbricata Pseuderanthemum subviscosum (C.B.Clarke) Stapf Thunbergia alata Sims Ballings & Wursten (s.r.) Finlay SRGH 12664 Phipps (s.r.) Noel 2039 Whellan 1267 Phipps 490 Wild 3576 Noel 2175 Wild 3575 Phipps 472 Achariaceae Kiggelaria africana L. Rawsonia lucida Harv.& Sond. Swynnerton 2039 Goodier & Phipps 170 Amaranthaceae * Amaranthus sp. Celosia trigyna L. Centemopsis gracilenta (Hiern) Schinz Cyathula cylindrica Moq. Timberlake (s.r.) Phipps 474a Wild 3581 Goodier 995 Anacardiaceae Rhus chirindensis Baker f. Rhus lucida L. Rhus natalensis Krauss Rhus tumulicola S.Moore var. tumulicola Phipps 491 Swynnerton 635 Wild 3637 Sturgeon in SRGH 30616 Annonaceae Artabotrys monteiroae Oliv. Swynnerton 1764 Aphloiaceae Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn. Swynnerton 634 Apiaceae Afrosciadium rhodesicum (Cannon) P.J.D.Winter Alepidea amatymbica Eckl.& Zeyh. Alepidea peduncularis A.Rich. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. E Centella obtriangularis Cannon Diplolophium buchananii (Oliv.) C.Norman subsp. swynnertonii (Baker f.) Cannon Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham.& Schltdl. var. abyssinica (A.Rich.) H.Wolff Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham.& Schltdl. var. montana P.J.D.Winter Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. Phipps 428 Goodier & Phipps 332 Phipps 434, Mapaura 683 Wursten (photo) Wursten 1083 McCosh 3, Banze 406 Noel 2185 Ballings & Wursten 2274 Noel 2161 B. W , J.R. T & I. D Apocynaceae Asclepias aurea (Schltr.) Schltr. Asclepias cucullata (Schltr.) Schltr. subsp. scabrifolia (S.Moore) Goyder Asclepias fimbriata Weim. E Asclepias graminifolia (Wild) Goyder Asclepias palustris (K.Schum.) Schltr. NE Aspidoglossum glabellum Kupicha Aspidoglossum nyasae (Britten & Rendle) Kupicha Ceropegia racemosa N.E.Br. subsp. glabra H.Huber E Ceropegia sp. nov. near C. linearis Cryptolepis oblongifolia Schltr. Gomphocarpus swynnertonii (S.Moore) Goyder & Nicholas Mascarenhasia arborescens A.DC. E Raphionacme chimanimaniana Venter & R.L.Verh. Raphionacme splendens Schltr. subsp splendens Secamone alpini Schult. Sisyranthus imberbis Harv. Tabernaemontana stapfiana Britten 88 Goodier & Phipps 242 Mutasa 2 Goodier & Phipps 198 Goodier & Phipps 199, Timberlake 5977 Wild 3610 Wursten 1054 Phipps 500 Osborne 1206 Kelly 74, Osborne 1190 Phipps 492 Goodier & Phipps 137, Wursten 1068 Mapaura 638 Phipps 839 Wursten (photo) Ballings & Wursten 1520 Goodier & Phipps 325, Wursten 1059 Goodier & Phipps 347 Aquifoliaceae Ilex mitis (L.) Radlk. Goodier 144, Ballings & Wursten 2258 Araliaceae Cussonia spicata Thunb. Schefflera goetzenii Harms Schefflera umbellifera (Sond.) Baill. Swynnerton 2092, Massunde 259 Massunde 263 Ballings & Wursten 2211 Asclepiadaceae (see Apocynaceae) Asteraceae * Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze Goodier & Phipps 317 Adenostemma caffrum DC. Phipps 427 * Ageratum conyzoides L. Wursten (photo) Anisopappus chinensis Hook.& Arn. subsp. buchwaldii (O.Hoffm.) S.Ortiz, Paiva & Rodr.Oubiña var. dentatus (DC.) S.Ortiz, Paiva & Rodr.Oubiña Hadj-Hammou 11 Anisopappus kirkii (Oliv.) Brenan Wild 2876 E Anisopappus paucidentatus Wild Ballings & Wursten 2313 Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. subsp. pluriseta Hall 445 E Aster chimanimaniensis Lippert Phipps 2841 Aster harveyanus Kuntze subsp. nyikensis Lippert Mutasa 6 Athrixia fontinalis Wild Wild 4602 Berkheya setifera DC. Phipps 420 Berkheya zeyheri (Sond.& Harv.) Oliv.& Hiern Munch 191 * Bidens pilosa L. Hall 444 Bidens schimperi Walp. Hadj-Hammou 12 Blumea axillaris (Lam.) DC. Taylor 1745 Bothriocline inyangana N.E.Br. var. inyangana Hall 352 Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. Goodier 640, Massunde 270 subsp. septentrionalis Norl. Cineraria deltoidea Sond. Ballings & Wursten 2216 Cineraria pulchra Cron Ballings & Wursten 2240 *? Conyza aegyptiaca (L.) Aiton Hall 262 * Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist Phipps 309 Conyza pinnata (L.f.) Kuntze Phipps 423 Conyza welwitschii (S.Moore) Wild Phipps 365 Crassocephalum picridifolium S.Moore Osborne 1181 Crassocephalum rubens (Jacq.) S.Moore var. rubens Hall 434 Crassocephalum uvens (Hiern) S.Moore Phipps 268, Osborne 1182 89 Chimanimani Mountains checklist Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze Goodier & Phipps 293 subsp. integrifolia Dicoma anomala Sond. Chase 6903 Emilia caespitosa Oliv. Ballings & Wursten 2189 Emilia discifolia (Oliv.) C.Jeffrey Munch 124 Euryops transvaalensis Klatt Wild 2972 subsp. setilobus (N.E.Br.) B.Nord. * Galinsoga cf. parviflora Cav. Timberlake (s.r.) Gerbera ambigua (Cass.) Sch.Bip. Taylor 1774 Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass. Matimele 2097 Gerbera viridifolia (DC.) Sch.Bip. subsp. viridifolia Munch 168 Gnaphalium purpureum L. Goodier & Phipps 294 NE Gutenbergia westii (Wild) Wild & G.V.Pope Hadj-Hammou 13 Haplocarpha scaposa Harv. Munch 172 Helichrysum adenocarpum DC. subsp. adenocarpum Weiste in SRGH 9141, Fijamo 52 E Helichrysum africanum (S.Moore) Wild Ballings & Wursten 2291 Helichrysum aureum (Houtt.) Merr. Wursten 1042 var. monocephalum (DC.) Hilliard Helichrysum buchananii Engl. Phipps 364, Osborne 1174 Helichrysum cephaloideum DC. Phipps 393 Helichrysum forskahlii (J.F.Gmel.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Ballings & Wursten 2295 Helichrysum goetzeanum O.Hoffm. West 3617 Helichrysum kilimanjari Oliv. Wild 2960 Helichrysum kraussii Sch.Bip. Phipps 704 Helichrysum lepidissimum S.Moore Munch 74 E Helichrysum maestum Wild Munch 278 Helichrysum mimetes S.Moore Fijamo 57 E Helichrysum moorei Staner Ballings & Wursten 2224 Helichrysum nitens Oliv.& Hiern subsp. nitens Ballings & Wursten 2237 Helichrysum nudifolium (L.) Less. var. nudifolium Phipps 246 Helichrysum nudifolium (L.) Less. Wild 2917 var. pilosellum (L.f.) Beentje NE Helichrysum rhodellum Wild Finlay 7 Helichrysum setosum Harv. Wild 2942 Helichrysum sulfureofuscum Baker Phipps 687 Helichrysum umbraculigerum Less. Phipps 400 Hypericophyllum compositarum Steetz Munch in SRGH 2109 Kleinia galpinii Hook.f. Leach 9059 Launaea rarifolia (Oliv.& Hiern) Boulos var. rarifolia Wursten 1075 Lopholaena brickellioides S.Moore Timberlake 5964 E Lopholaena sp. nov. Weiste in SRGH 9136 Nidorella resedifolia DC. Phipps 335 subsp. microcephala (Steetz) Wild Schistostephium crataegifolium (DC.) Harv. Goodier & Phipps 46, Timberlake 5993 Schistostephium oxylobum S.Moore Phipps 653, Ballings & Wursten 2283 E Senecio aetfatensis B.Nord. Nordenstam 9292 Senecio erubescens Aiton var. erubescens Phipps 250a, Osborne 1173 Senecio gazensis S.Moore Munch 190 Senecio inornatus DC. Phipps 344a Senecio latifolius DC. Phipps 385 Senecio lydenburgensis Hutch.& Burtt Davy Hall 280 Senecio milanjiensis S.Moore Banze 441 Senecio oxyriifolius DC. Swynnerton 1946 Senecio proprior S.Moore Wursten 1066 Senecio tamoides DC. Wursten (photo) Senecio variabilis Sch.Bip. Wursten 1043 * Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L. Timberlake (s.r.) Spilanthes mauritiana (Pers.) DC. Hall 449 Stomatanthes africanus (Oliv.& Hiern) R.M.King & H.Rob. Goodier & Phipps 6, Osborne 1168 * Tagetes minuta L. Massunde 272 Tolpis capensis (L.) Sch.Bip. Phipps 320 B. W , J.R. T & I. D * Vernonanthura phosphorica (Vell.) H.Rob. Vernonia bainesii Oliv.& Hiern subsp. bainesii Vernonia calvoana (Hook.f.) Hook.f. subsp. meridionalis (Wild) C.Jeffrey Vernonia galpinii Klatt Vernonia gerberiformis Oliv.& Hiern subsp. gerberiformis var. gerberiformis Vernonia hirsuta (DC.) Walp. E Vernonia muelleri Wild subsp. muelleri Vernonia natalensis Walp. E Vernonia nepetifolia Wild Vernonia wollastonii S.Moore 90 Mapaura 901 Weiste in SRGH 9125 Munch 126 Swynnerton 1829 Wild 2964 Munch 171, Wursten 1082 Matimele 2051 Goodier & Phipps 7 Wild 2951, Hadj-Hammou 47 Phipps 467a Balsaminaceae Impatiens cecilii N.E.Br. subsp. cecilii E Impatiens salpinx Schulze & Launert Phipps 419, Osborne 1187 Ballings & Wursten 2282 Begoniaceae Begonia sonderiana Irmsch. Ballings & Wursten 2203 Brassicaceae Coronopus integrifolius (DC.) Spreng. Goodier & Phipps 300 Buddlejaceae (see Scrophulariaceae) Cactaceae Rhipsalis baccifera (J.Mill.) Stearn Campanulaceae Cyphia alba N.E.Br. Cyphia mazoensis S.Moore E Lobelia cobaltica S.Moore Lobelia erinus L. Lobelia goetzei Diels Monopsis decipiens (Sond.) Thulin Wahlenbergia abyssinica (A.Rich.) Thulin Wahlenbergia capillacea A.DC. subsp. tenuior (Engl.) Thulin Wahlenbergia subaphylla (Baker) Thulin subsp. scoparia (Wild) Thulin Wahlenbergia undulata (L.f.) A.DC. Wahlenbergia virgata Engl. Phipps 235, Timberlake 6017 Goodier 497 Ballings & Wursten 2241 Wursten 1078 Timberlake 5994 Munch 195 Taylor 1744 Wursten 1060b Wild 2190, Matimele 2064 Ballings & Wursten 2299 Banze 465 Goodier 484 Cannabaceae * Cannabis sativa L. Mapaura 899 Caryophyllaceae Corrigiola drymariodes Baker f. E Dianthus chimanimaniensis S.S.Hooper Drymaria cordata (L.) Roem.& Schult. var. cordata Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. Silene burchellii DC. var. angustifolia Sond. Wursten 1096 Phipps 838 Wursten (photo) Swynnerton 1804 Goodier & Phipps 485, Mapaura 738 Cecropiaceae Myrianthus holstii Engl. Finlay in SRGH 12662 Celastraceae Gymnosporia heterophylla (Eckl.& Zeyh.) Loes. Maytenus acuminata (L.f.) Loes. var. acuminata Pterocelastrus echinatus N.E.Br. Goodier & Phipps 155 Phipps 280, Mapaura 920 Matimele 2058 91 Chimanimani Mountains checklist Chrysobalanaceae Parinari curatellifolia Benth. Goodier & Phipps (s.r.) Clusiaceae Garcinia kingaensis Engl. Wild 3552 Connaraceae Agalaea pentagyna (Lam.) Baill. Hyde (s.r.) Cornaceae Curtisia dentata (Burm.f.) C.A.Sm. Swynnerton 637 Crassulaceae Crassula alba Forssk. var alba Crassula alticola R.Fern. Crassula lanceolata (Eckl.& Zeyh.) Walp. subsp. transvaalensis (Kuntze) Toelken Crassula nodulosa Schönland Crassula setulosa Harv. var. setulosa Crassula swaziensis Schönland subsp. swaziensis var. swaziensis Crassula vaginata Eckl.& Zeyh. Kalanchoe lanceolata (Forssk.) Pers. E Kalanchoe velutina Britten subsp. chimanimaniensis (R.Fern.) R.Fern. McCosh 7 Goodier 210, Hadj-Hammou 31 Ballings & Wursten 2223 Mapaura 718 Osborne 1155 Mapaura 719 Goodier 177, Ballings & Wursten 2249 Phipps (s.r.) Ballings & Wursten 2296 Cucurbitaceae Peponium chirindense (Baker f.) Cogn. Zehneria minutiflora (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey Wursten (photo) Timberlake 5975 Dipsacaceae *? Scabiosa columbaria L. Phipps 380 Droseraceae Drosera burkeana Planch. Drosera dielsiana Exell & J.R.Laundon Drosera madagascariensis DC. Ebenaceae Diospyros whyteana F.White Euclea divinorum Hiern Ericaceae Erica hexandra (S.Moore) E.G.H.Oliv. Erica johnstoniana Britten NE Erica lanceolifera S.Moore Erica mannii (Hook.f.) Beentje subsp. pallidiflora (Engl.) E.G.H.Oliv. NE Erica pleiotricha S.Moore var. blaerioides (Wild) R.Ross NE Erica pleiotricha S.Moore var. pleiotricha Erica simii (S.Moore) E.G.H.Oliv. Erica silvatica (Engl.) Beentje Erica whyteana Britten E Erica wildii Brenan Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum emarginatum Thonn. Escalloniaceae (see Iteaceae) Phipps 333 Goodier & Phipps 232, Ballings & Wursten 2255 Osborne 1169 Goodier & Phipps 165, Matimele 2079 Goodier & Phipps 171 Wursten 1037 Ballings & Wursten 2285 Swynnerton 1288 Munch 202 Ballings & Wursten 2264 Wild 3597 Goodier 165, Hadj-Hammou 20 Goodier 211, Wursten 265 Swynnerton 1063 Wild 3643 Swynnerton 1364 B. W , J.R. T & I. D Euphorbiaceae (see also Peraceae & Phyllanthaceae) Acalypha caperonioides Baill. NE Euphorbia crebrifolia S.Carter Euphorbia cyparissioides Pax Euphorbia depauperata A.Rich. var. depauperata Euphorbia griseola Pax subsp. griseola E Euphorbia rugosiflora L.C.Leach Euphorbia citrina S.Carter Macaranga capensis (Baill.) Sim Macaranga mellifera Prain Suregada procera (Prain) Croizat 92 Goodier & Phipps 292 Mapaura 720 Goodier & Phipps 324 Munch 111 Phipps 841 Wild 3545 Watmaugh 50 Phipps s.n. Goodier & Phipps 152 Swynnerton 1115 Flacourtiaceae (see Achariaceae, Aphloiaceae or Salicaceae) Gentianaceae Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg Canscora alata (Roth) Wall. Chironia gratissima S.Moore Exacum oldenlandioides (S.Moore) Klack. Sebaea grandis (E.Mey.) Steud. Sebaea leiostyla Gilg Sebaea longicaulis Schinz Swertia welwitschii Engl. Geraniaceae Geranium incanum Burm.f. subsp. nyassense (R.Knuth) J.R.Laundon Geranium ocellatum Cambess. Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér. Pelargonium luridum (Andrews) Sweet Timberlake (s.r.) Hadj-Hammou 1 Taylor 1749 Ballings & Wursten 2186 Goodier 154, Ballings & Wursten 2188 Hadj-Hammou 42 Munch 293 Hall 428 Phipps 371 Goodier 994 Thompson 8 Goodier 217, Timberlake 6020 Gesneriaceae Streptocarpus eylesii S.Moore subsp. eylesii NE Streptocarpus grandis N.E.Br. subsp. septentrionalis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Streptocarpus hirticapsa B.L.Burtt Streptocarpus michelmorei B.L.Burtt E Streptocarpus montis-bingae Hilliard & B.L.Burtt E Streptocarpus sp. nov. near S. grandis N.E.Br. Ballings & Wursten 2234 Munch 371 Pereira, Sarmento & Marques 1317 Ballings & Wursten 2246 Gerrardinaceae Gerrardina eylesiana Milne-Redh. Ballings & Wursten 2265 Haloragaceae Laurembergia repens P.J.Bergius subsp. brachypoda (Hiern) Oberm. Phipps 465 Phipps 493, Ballings & Wursten 2198 Goodier & Phipps 23 Hypericaceae Harungana madagascariensis Poir. Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. subsp. sonderi (Bredell) N. Robson Hypericum lalandii Choisy Hypericum roeperianum A.Rich. Phipps 273 Goodier & Phipps 349 Icacinaceae Apodytes dimidiata Arn. var. dimidiata Cassinopsis tinifolia Harv. Hall 283 Mapaura 712 Iteaceae Choristylis rhamnoides Harv. Goodier & Phipps 172 Goodier 135 Munch 193 93 Chimanimani Mountains checklist Lamiaceae Aeollanthus buchnerianus Briq. Aeollanthus rehmannii Gürke E Aeollanthus viscosus Ryding Clinopodium myrianthum (Baker) Ryding Haumaniastrum dissitifolium (Baker) A.J.Paton Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson var. ocymifolia Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson var. raineriana (Vis.) Iwarsson Micromeria imbricata (Forssk.) C.Chr. var. imbricata Platostoma rotundifolium (Briq.) A.J.Paton Plectranthus autranii (Briq.) Erhardt, Götz & Seybold Plectranthus bojeri (Benth.) Hedge E Plectranthus caudatus S.Moore Plectranthus chimanimaniensis S.Moore Plectranthus hadiensis (Forssk.) Spreng. Plectranthus hereroensis Engl. Plectranthus kapatensis R.E.Fr. Plectranthus lanuginosus (Hochst.) Agnew Plectranthus laxiflorus Benth. Plectranthus sessilifolius A.J.Paton Plectranthus swynnertonii S.Moore Plectranthus thyrsoideus (Baker) B.Mathew Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) D.A.Steane & Mabb. Stachys aethiopica L. Stachys didymantha Brenan Stachys natalensis Hochst. var. natalensis E Syncolostemon flabellifolius (S.Moore) A.J.Paton E Syncolostemon oritrephes (Wild) D.F.Otieno NE Syncolostemon ornatus (S.Moore) D.F.Otieno E Syncolostemon sp. nov. near S. teucrifolius (Hochst.) D.F.Otieno Tetradenia riparia sensu lato (Hochst.) Codd Lauraceae Cassytha filiformis L. Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae Brachystegia spiciformis Benth. Brachystegia tamarindoides Benth. subsp. microphylla (Harms) Chikuni Brachystegia spiciformis Benth. X B. microphylla Chamaecrista kirkii (Oliv.) Standl. var. kirkii Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene Chamaecrista polytricha (Brenan) Lock var. polytricha Chamaecrista wittei (Ghesq.) Lock Leguminosae: Mimosoideae Acacia abyssinica Benth. (= Vachellia abyssinica (Benth.) Kyal.& Boatwr.) Acacia sieberiana DC. var. woodii (Burtt Davy) Keay & Brenan Albizia adiantifolia (Schumach.) W.Wight Leguminosae: Papilionoideae E Aeschynomene aphylla Wild E Aeschynomene chimanimaniensis Verdc. Aeschynomene gazensis Baker f. E Aeschynomene grandistipulata Harms Aeschynomene inyangensis Wild Phipps 436, Hadj-Hammou 6 Wursten (photo) Goodier 194, Ballings & Wursten 2204 Philcox et al. 9023 Phipps 337, Mapaura 708 Noel 2082 Mapaura 686 Hall 431a Phipps 421 Hadj-Hammou 45 Wild 2880 Swynnerton 2010, Ballings & Wursten 2227 Swynnerton 2019, Ballings & Wursten 2229 Phipps 498 Weiste in SRGH 9102 Hadj-Hammou 10 Crouch (photo) Noel 2074 Wild 2195, Ballings & Wursten 2273 Phipps 461, Osborne 1185 Ballings & Wursten 2231 Hall 297 Ballings & Wursten 2239 Banze 433 Phipps 285, Osborne 1157 Mapaura 684 Taylor 1816 Wild 3553 Mapaura 727 McCosh 14 Timberlake 6025 Goodier & Phipps 314, Timberlake 5965 Timberlake 6009 Timberlake 5992 Hall 263 Taylor 1814 Mapaura 728 Mapaura 645 Wursten (photo) Hyde (s.r.) Hyde (s.r.) Ballings & Wursten 2278 Grosvenor 396, Mapaura 909 Munch 121 Mapaura 656 Wild 4567 B. W , J.R. T & I. D Aeschynomene nodulosa (Baker) Baker f. var. nodulosa Argyrolobium rupestre (E.Mey.) Walp. subsp. rupestre Argyrolobium tomentosum (Andrews) Druce Calpurnia aurea (Aiton) Benth. subsp. aurea Canavalia africana Dunn Craibia brevicaudata (Vatke) Dunn subsp. baptistarum (Büttner) J.B.Gillett Crotalaria alexandri Baker f. Crotalaria anthyllopsis Baker Crotalaria caudata Baker Crotalaria cephalotes A.Rich. Crotalaria collina Polhill Crotalaria gazensis Baker f. Crotalaria insignis Polhill Crotalaria laburnifolia L. subsp. laburnifolia E Crotalaria phylicoides Wild Dalbergia nitidula Baker Desmodium setigerum (E.Mey.) Harv. Dumasia villosa DC. var. villosa Eriosema montanum Baker f. Eriosema shirense Baker f. var. shirense Indigofera cecilii N.E.Br. Indigofera chimanimaniensis Schrire Indigofera lyallii Baker subsp. lyallii Indigofera oxalidea Baker Indigofera paniculata Pers. subsp. gazensis (Baker f.) J.B.Gillett E Indigofera sp. nov. near I. chimanimaniensis Kotschya thymodora (Baker f.) Wild subsp. thymodora Kotschya sp. no. A sensu Verdcourt Lotus discolor E.Mey. subsp. discolor Lotus wildii J.B.Gillett Otholobium foliosum (Oliv.) C.H.Stirt. subsp. gazense (Baker f.) Verdc. Pearsonia aristata (Schinz) Dummer Pearsonia grandifolia (Bolus) Polhill subsp. latibracteolata (Dummer) Polhill NE Pearsonia mesopontica Polhill Pseudarthria hookeri Wight & Arn. var. hookeri Pterocarpus angolensis DC. NE Rhynchosia chimanimaniensis Verdc. Rhynchosia clivorum S.Moore subsp. pycnantha (Harms) Verdc. Rhynchosia monophylla Schltr. E Rhynchosia stipata Wild Sphenostylis erecta (Baker f.) Baker subsp. obtusifolia (Harms) Potter & Doyle Tephrosia aequilata Baker NE Tephrosia chimanimaniana Brummitt NE Tephrosia longipes Meisn. var. drummondii (Brummitt) Brummitt Tephrosia meisneri Hutch. & Burtt Davy Teramnus uncinatus (L.) Sw. subsp. ringoetii (De Wild.) Verdc. Vigna schlechteri Harms Vigna gazensis Baker f. Vigna vexillata (L.) A.Rich. var. angustifolia (Schumach.) Baker 94 Wild 2925 Goodier & Phipps 334 Phipps 701 Goodier & Phipps 150 Ballings & Wursten 1515 Chase 2957 Mapaura 634 Mapaura 637 Carter & Coates Palgrave 2168, Matimele 2089 Mapaura 635 Phipps 329, Timberlake 6157 Matimele 2090 Corby 1367 Wild 2931 Mapaura 687 Hodgson 43/57 Hall 447 Hall 366 Goodier & Phipps 356 Goodier & Phipps 141 Mapaura 725 Mavi 668 Ballings & Wursten 2210 Phipps 255 Wursten (photo) Hadj-Hammou 55, Massunde 258 Wild 2895 Wild 1937 Noel 2070 Wild 2975 Munch 125 Munch in SRGH 21015 Goodier 481 Matimele 2085 Phipps 435 Ballings & Wursten (s.r.) Munch 85 Swynnerton 1461 Goodier 639, Mapaura 710 Mapaura 685 Phipps 456 Wild 4589 Noel 2023, Timberlake 6159 Mutasa 10 Phipps 454 Hall 483 Goodier 480 Mapaura 676 Thompson 34 95 Chimanimani Mountains checklist Lentibulariaceae Genlisea hispidula Stapf Utricularia appendiculata E.A.Bruce Utricularia livida E.Mey. Utricularia pentadactyla P.Taylor Utricularia subulata L. Phipps 403, Osborne 1189 Phipps 412 Timberlake 5984 Mapaura 660 Timberlake 6160 Linderniaceae Craterostigma lanceolatum (Engl.) Skan Stemodiopsis buchananii Skan var. pubescens Philcox Goodier & Phipps 43 Mapaura 651 Lobeliaceae (see Campanulaceae) Loganiaceae Strychnos spinosa Lam. Loranthaceae Helixanthera woodii (Schltr.& K.Krause) Danser Malvaceae Dombeya burgessiae Harv. Hibiscus burtt-davyi Dunkley Hibiscus surattensis L. Pavonia columella Cav. Sparrmannia ricinocarpa (Eckl.& Zeyh.) Kuntze Triumfetta pilosa Roth var. effusa (Harv.) Wild Waltheria indica L. Melastomataceae Antherotoma naudinii Hook.f. Antherotoma senegambiensis (Guill.& Perr.) Jacq.-Fél. Heterotis canescens (R.A.Graham) Jacq.-Fél. Dissotis princeps (Kunth) Triana var. princeps Goodier & Phipps 303 Goodier & Phipps 179, Ballings & Wursten 2220 Phipps (s.r.) Mapaura 667 Goodier 1005 Munch 95 Goodier 138 Phipps 399 Swynnerton 2057 E Dissotis pulchra A.Fern.& R.Fern. E Dissotis swynnertonii (Baker f.) A.Fern.& R.Fern. Phipps 689, Ballings & Wursten 2271 Ballings & Wursten 2269 Goodier 215 Goodier & Phipps 51, Ballings & Wursten 2256 Ballings & Wursten 2277 Ballings & Wursten 2235 Meliaceae Ekebergia benguelensis C.DC. Ekebergia capensis Sparrm. Goodier & Phipps 319 Munch 347 Melianthaceae Bersama abyssinica Fresen. Bersama swynnertonii Baker f. Phipps (s.r.) Ballings & Wursten 2247 Menyanthaceae Nymphoides thunbergiana (Griseb.) Kuntze Goodier & Phipps 288 Molluginaceae Corrigiola drymarioides Baker f. Psammotropha myriantha Sond. Wursten 1096 Phipps 406 Monimiaceae Xymalos monospora (Harv.) Baill. Swynnerton 1112 Moraceae Ficus craterostoma Mildbr.& Burret Ficus natalensis Hochst. Wursten (photo) Timberlake 6195 B. W , J.R. T & I. D 96 Myricaceae E Morella chimanimaniana Verdc.& Polhill Morella pilulifera (Rendle) Killick Timberlake 6173 Wild 2862, Shah 9 Myrothamnaceae Myrothamnus flabellifolius Welw. Mapaura 649 Myrsinaceae Maesa lanceolata Forssk. Myrsine africana L. Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez Wild 2877, Massunde 252 Swynnerton ?633 Goodier & Phipps 210 Myrtaceae * Eucalyptus cf. grandis W.Hill Eugenia malangensis (O.Hoffm.) Nied. Eugenia natalitia Sond. Syzygium cordatum C.Krauss Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. subsp. afromontanum F.White Syzygium masukuense (Baker) R.E.Fr. subsp. pachyphyllum F.White Timberlake s.n. Goodier & Phipps 10, Wursten 1086 Goodier & Phipps 177, Wursten 1047 Goodier & Phipps 266, Massunde 260 Goodier & Phipps 304, Hadj-Hammou 9 Matimele 2069 Ochnaceae Ochna confusa Burtt Davy & Greenway Ochna holstii Engl. Wild 3547 Goodier & Phipps 174 Oleaceae Jasminum brachyscyphum Baker E Olea chimanimani Kupicha Goodier & Phipps 302 Matimele 2068 Onagraceae Epilobium capense Hochst. Phipps 376a Orobanchaceae Alectra picta (Hiern) Hemsl. Alectra sessiliflora Kuntze NE Buchnera chimanimaniensis Philcox Buchnera henriquesii Engl. Buchnera lastii Engl. subsp. lastii Buchnera multicaulis Engl. E Buchnera subglabra Philcox Buchnera wildii Philcox Cycnium adonense Benth. subsp. adonense Gerardiina angolensis Engl. Graderia scabra (L.f.) Benth. Sopubia mannii Skan var. tenuifolia (Engl.& Gilg.) Hepper Sopubia simplex (Hochst.) Hochst. Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze Striga bilabiata (Thunb.) Kuntze Striga elegans Benth. Phipps 684, Matimele 2073 Ballings & Wursten 2238 Hadj-Hammou 15 Taylor 1777 Goodier & Phipps 128 Goodier 512 Ballings & Wursten 2281 Ballings & Wursten 2317 Munch 196 Ballings & Wursten 2294 Goodier & Phipps 282, Mapaura 726 Hadj-Hammou 48 Goodier 479 Weiste in SRGH 9134 Phipps 342 Weiste in SRGH 9150 Oxalidaceae Oxalis semiloba Sond. subsp. semiloba Phipps 302, Hadj-Hammou 24 Passifloraceae Basananthe pseudostipulata W.J.De Wilde Mapaura 666 Penaeaceae E Olinia vanguerioides Baker f. subsp. nov. Matimele 2094 97 Chimanimani Mountains checklist Peraceae Clutia abyssinica Jaub.& Spach. var. abyssinica Clutia monticola S.Moore var. monticola Clutia paxii Pax E Clutia punctata Wild E Clutia sessilifolia Radcl.-Sm. Clutia swynnertonii S.Moore Wild 2976 Wild 2965 Goodier 2063 Wild 4582 Goodier 180, Mapaura 679 Hall 299 Periplocaceae (see Apocynaceae) Phyllanthaceae Antidesma vogelianum Müll.Arg. Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. E Phyllanthus bernierianus Müll.Arg. var. glaber Radcl.-Sm. Phyllanthus graminicola S.Moore Phyllanthus hutchinsonianus S.Moore Phyllanthus manicaensis Radcl.-Sm. Phyllanthus myrtaceus Sond. Phyllanthus nummulariifolius Poir. var. nummulariifolius Uapaca kirkiana Müll.Arg. var. kirkiana Uapaca sansibarica Pax Mapaura 644 Goodier 611a Ballings & Wursten 2309 Wild 2959 Hadj-Hammou 39 Wild 2970 Wursten 1035 Phipps 463 Hall 516 Timberlake 5987 Phytolaccaceae * Phytolacca octandra L. Wursten (photo), Massunde 273 Piperaceae Peperomia tetraphylla (G.Forst.) Hook.& Arn. Piper capense L.f. var. capense Hadj-Hammou 8 Phipps (s.r.) Pittosporaceae Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims Matimele 2093 Polygalaceae Muraltia flanaganii Bolus Polygala gazensis Baker f. Polygala hottentotta C.Presl Polygala latipetala N.E.Br. Polygala ohlendorfiana Eckl.& Zeyh. Polygala petitiana A.Rich. Polygala producta N.E.Br. Polygala sphenoptera Fresen. Polygala spicata Chodat Polygala virgata Thunb. var. decora (Sond.) Harv. Polygala wilmsii Chodat Polygala zambesiaca Paiva Finlay in SRGH 12652 Goodier & Phipps 36, Mapaura 713 Goodier 499 Johnson 212 Goodier 488 Hadj-Hammou 5 Mapaura 647 Phipps 286a Phipps 239, Wursten 1056 Swynnerton 2042 Wursten 1032 Osborne 1193 Polygonaceae Persicaria strigosa (R.Br.) H.Gross Phipps 343 Primulaceae Ardisiandra wettsteinii R.Wagner Wild 3627 Proteaceae Faurea rochetiana (A.Rich.) Pic.Serm. Faurea rubriflora Marner Faurea saligna Harv. Leucospermum saxosum S.Moore Protea caffra Meisn. subsp. gazensis (Beard) Chisumpa & Brummitt E Protea enervis Wild Protea petiolaris (Hiern) Baker & C.H.Wright subsp. elegans Chisumpa & Brummitt Mapaura 903 Swynnerton ?639 Swynnerton ?1796 Mapaura 659 Goodier & Phipps 8a, Mapaura 900 Chase 6902 Goodier & Phipps 56 B. W , J.R. T & I. D Protea welwitschii Engl. Protea wentzeliana Engl. 98 Matimele 2086 Ballings & Wursten 2259 Putranjivaceae Drypetes reticulata Pax Massunde 267 Ranunculaceae Anemone transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy Clematis villosa DC. subsp. kirkii (Oliv.) Brummitt *? Ranunculus multifidus Forssk. Ballings & Wursten 2284 Phipps 433 Phipps 425 Rhamnaceae Phylica ericoides L. Phylica paniculata Willd. Rhamnus prinoides L'Hér. Wild 3603 Swynnerton 632a, Massunde 247 Hall 294 Rhizophoraceae Cassipourea malosana (Baker) Alston Goodier & Phipps 153, Timberlake 6163 Rosaceae Alchemilla kiwuensis Engl. Cliffortia nitidula (Engl.) R.E.& T.C.E.Fr. Rubus pinnatus Willd. Rubus rigidus Sm. Goodier & Phipps 279 Munch 207 Goodier & Phipps 358 Timberlake 6027 Rubiaceae Aidia micrantha (K.Schum.) F.White var. msonju (K.Krause) Petit Anthospermum ammannioides S.Moore Anthospermum herbaceum L.f. Anthospermum ternatum Hiern subsp. randii (S.Moore) Puff Anthospermum vallicola S.Moore Anthospermum whyteanum Britten Canthium inerme (L.f.) Kuntze Canthium oligocarpum Hiern subsp. angustifolium Bridson Goodier 998, Mapaura 711 Ballings & Wursten 2212 Hall 285 Phipps 409 Ballings & Wursten 2243 Goodier 142, Ballings & Wursten 2268 Phipps 395, Wursten 1085 Goodier & Phipps 359, Ballings & Wursten 2320 Cephalanthus natalensis Oliv. Timberlake 6042 Coptosperma neurophyllum (S.Moore) Degreef Matimele 2050 E Empogona sp. nov. near E. congesta Wursten 1070 Fadogia homblei De Wild. Goodier & Phipps 186, Wursten 1041 Galium bussei K.Schum.& K.Krause var. glabrum Brenan Phipps 432 Galopina circaeoides Thunb. Ballings & Wursten 2215 Hymenodictyon floribundum (Hochst.& Steud.) B.L.Rob. Goodier & Phipps 181, Osborne 1176 Keetia gueinzii (Sond.) Bridson Wursten 1087 Keetia venosa (Oliv.) Bridson Ballings & Wursten 2208 Kohautia amatymbica Eckl.& Zeyh. Goodier & Phipps 183, Wursten 1060c Lasianthus kilimandscharicus K.Schum. Wursten 1046 subsp. kilimandscharicus Mitrasacmopsis quadrivalvis Jovet Ballings & Wursten 2218 Mussaenda arcuata Poir. Phipps (s.r.) Oldenlandia angolensis K.Schum. var. angolensis Phipps 253 E Oldenlandia cana Bremek. Goodier 901, Hadj-Hammou 63 Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. var. herbacea Phipps 489 Oldenlandia rupicola (Sond.) Kuntze var. rupicola Ballings & Wursten 2245 Oldenlandia tenella (Hochst.) Kuntze Ballings & Wursten 2314 Otiophora inyangana N.E.Br. subsp. inyangana Goodier 216, Hadj-Hammou 38 E Otiophora inyangana N.E.Br. Phipps 669, Ballings & Wursten 2225 subsp. parvifolia (Verdc.) Puff Otiophora lanceolata Verdc. Wursten 1031 Otiophora scabra Zucc. subsp. scabra Phipps 495, Ballings & Wursten 2217 99 Chimanimani Mountains checklist Otomeria elatior (DC.) Verdc. Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. stenocarpus (K.Schum.) Bridson Pauridiantha symplocoides (S.Moore) Bremek. Pachystigma pygmaeum (Schltr.) Robyns Pavetta comostyla S.Moore subsp. comostyla var. comostyla Pavetta radicans Hiern Pavetta umtalensis Bremek. Pentas purpurea Oliv. subsp. purpurea Pentas zanzibarica (Klotzsch) Vatke subsp. zanzibarica Pentanisia schweinfurthii Hiern Pentanisia sykesii Hutch. subsp. otomerioides Verdc. Polysphaeria lanceolata Hiern var. lanceolata Psychotria zombamontana (Kuntze) E.M.A.Petit Psychotria mahonii C.H.Wright Psydrax kraussioides (Hiern) Bridson Richardia scabra L. Rubia cordifolia L. subsp. conotricha (Gand.) Verdc. Rutidea orientalis Bridson E Rytigynia sp. D sensu Bridson Rytigynia umbellulata (Hiern) Robyns NE Sericanthe sp. B (Chimanimani taxon) sensu Bridson Spermacoce natalensis Hochst. Spermacoce subvulgata (K.Schum.) J.G.Garcia Tricalysia coriacea (Benth.) Hiern subsp. angustifolia (J.G.Garcia) Robbr. Tricalysia pallens Hiern Vangueria apiculata K.Schum. Phipps 250 Goodier & Phipps 148 Wursten 1090 Goodier 486 Goodier & Phipps 144 Ballings & Wursten 1509 Goodier & Phipps 328, Ballings & Wursten 2302 Phipps 259 Wursten 1069 Phipps 254, Wursten 1055 Phipps 343a Mapaura & Wursten (photo) Wursten 1049 Goodier 150 Hadj-Hammou 45 Wursten (photo) Hall 300 Wursten 1048 Goodier & Phipps 149 Wursten 1030 Ballings & Wursten 2303 Phipps 474 Ballings & Wursten 2187 Wursten 1033 Wild 3525 Hall 4, Massunde 268 Rutaceae Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Teclea nobilis Delile Goodier & Phipps 159 Swynnerton 1322 Salicaceae Dovyalis lucida Sim Wild 3634 Santalaceae Osyridicarpos schimperianus A.DC. E Thesium bundiense Hilliard E Thesium chimanimaniense Brenan E Thesium dolichomeres Brenan Thesium nigricans Rendle E Thesium pygmaeum Hilliard Thesium whyteanum Rendle Hadj-Hammou 62 Goodier & Phipps 124 Munch 71, Osborne 1198 Wursten 1039 Goodier 159, Mapaura 664 Phipps 340, Ballings & Wursten 2293 Ballings & Wursten 2257 Sapindaceae Allophylus chaunostachys Gilg Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. subsp. angustifolia (L.f.) J.G.West Zanha golungensis Hiern Goodier & Phipps 156 Sapotaceae Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn. Phipps s.n. Noel 2047 Noel 1980 Scrophulariaceae (see also Linderniaceae, Orobanchaceae & Stilbaceae) Buddleja salviifolia (L.) Lam. Goodier & Phipps (s.r.) Diclis tenella Hemsl. Goodier 993, Hadj-Hammou 21 Freylinia tropica S.Moore Taylor 1769 Hebenstretia comosa Hochst. Wild 2969 B. W , J.R. T & I. D Jamesbrittenia carvalhoi (Engl.) Hilliard E Selago anatrichota Hilliard Selago goetzei Rolfe subsp. ambigua Hilliard Selago anatrichota × S. goetzei Teedia lucida (Sol.) Rudolphi Zaluzianskya tropicalis Hilliard 100 Wild 3628 Phipps 387, Matimele 2065 Wild 2859, Fijamo 38 Goodier & Phipps 26, Hadj-Hammou 61 Timberlake 5981 Weiste in SRGH 9148, Banze 434 Selaginaceae (see Scrophulariaceae) Solanaceae * Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. * Physalis peruviana L. Solanum anguivi Lam. * Solanum lycopersicum L. Solanum retroflexum Dunal Hall 443 Goodier & Phipps 320 Goodier & Phipps 161 Timberlake (s.r.) Mapaura 680 Sterculiaceae (see Malvaceae) Stilbaceae Halleria lucida L. Thymelaeaceae Dais cotinifolia L. Gnidia fastigiata Rendle Gnidia kraussiana Meisn. var. kraussiana Gnidia microcephala Meisn. Passerina montana Thoday Peddiea africana Harv. E Struthiola montana B.Peterson Struthiola rhodesiana B.Peterson Goodier & Phipps 173 Goodier & Phipps 158 Wild 3632 Phipps 424 Munch 183 Goldsmith 15/73 Goodier & Phipps 168, Ballings & Wursten 2214 Goodier & Phipps 269, Wursten 1036 Munch 296, Banze 426 Tiliaceae (see Malvaceae) Valerianaceae Valeriana capensis Thunb. var. capensis Phipps 426 Verbenaceae Lantana trifolia L. Phipps 377 Vitaceae Cyphostemma buchananii (Planch.) Wild & R.B.Drumm. Cyphostemma montanum Wild & R.B.Drumm. Rhoicissus rhomboidea (Harv.) Planch. Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Wild & R.B.Drumm. Hall 314 Mapaura 677 Swynnerton 1381 Hall 289, Mapaura 914

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THE CHIMANIMANI MOUNTAINS: AN UPDATED CHECKLIST

THE CHIMANIMANI MOUNTAINS: AN UPDATED CHECKLIST

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