LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 9(3): 487–503, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Chec List Journal of species lists and distribution Vascular flora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado seven years after a fire, Federal District, Brazil Aryanne Gonçalves Amaral 1*, Cássia Beatriz R. Munhoz 1, Chesterton Ulysses Orlando Eugênio 1,2 and Jeanine Maria Felfili 3 1 Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica. Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, bloco D, 1° piso. CEP 70910-900. Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil. 2 Universidade Católica de Brasília, Curso de Biologia, Laboratório de Botânica. Campus I - QS 07 Lote 01 EPCT, Águas Claras. CEP 71966-700 – Taguatinga, DF, Brazil. 3 Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal. Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil. In memoriam * Corresponding author. E-mail: aryanne_amaral@yahoo.com.br Abstract: Studies of temporal dynamics for grassland sites report that fire suppression plays a crucial role in floristic changes. The objective of this study was to verify whether after seven years without fire, communities showed variations in terms of composition, life forms, pollination and dispersal syndromes. The first survey (T0) was conducted from September 1999 to October 2000, while the second (T1) took place from August 2006 to August 2007. The floristic results in T1 were compared with the survey in T0 through the Sorensen similarity index and Chi-square tests. Over time, there were differences in the composition, life forms and pollination and dispersion syndromes. The evidence of changes suggests that the frequency of the fire regime can be considered the main agent for change in the flora of these communities. Introduction The dynamic process in a community is characterized by patterns, mechanisms and, in many systems, successive disturbances are important sources of changes in the landscape (Glenn-Lewin and van der Maarel 1992). The progression of changes in the composition and structure of a community over time, due to disturbances in the environment, is conceptualized as a succession process or directional change (Buchanan 1982). Studies of temporal dynamics for grassland sites report that the suppression of disturbances such as fire plays a crucial role in the floristic and structural changes of these communities (San José and Fariñas 1991; Moreira 2000; Behling et al. 2007; Kahmen and Poschlod 2008; Ravi and D’Odorico 2009). Changes over time are related to differences in species abundance and composition, differences in the spectrum of life forms and functional characteristics. The suppression of fire in savannas intervenes in natural ecological processes, and in more open areas like grasslands, a gradual increase in the density of woody and fire-sensitive species can be seen (San José and Fariñas 1983; 1991; Silva et al. 2001; Durigan and Ratter 2006; Gardner 2006; Pinheiro and Durigan 2009). Savannas are considered dynamic ecotones, distributed between grassland formations and more densely vegetated areas (Coutinho 1978, Roitman et al. 2008). In these landscapes grasses and trees coexist, influenced by interactions with the climate, soil and disturbances such as fire, and fluctuations in any of these factors may result in an increase in certain life forms (Roitman et al. 2008). The intensification or suppression of disturbances modifies the composition of species in an area. The landscape is altered by the exclusion of sensitive species in the first case, and by the exclusion of resistant species in the second (Libano and Felfili 2006). In South America, the largest savanna region is located in Brazil, and is called Cerrado, and as in other savannas, the fire regime is an important factor in the evolution of the landscape and, consequently, of the vegetation (Gottsberger and Silberbauer-Gottsberger 2006a). In savannic physiognomies the presence of trees is greater in areas protected from fire, especially in dry-shrub savannas, where protection allows the regeneration of the woody component (Moreira 2000). In general, the absence of fire benefits the woody component and increases the structural complexity of vegetation, while the passage of fire benefits the non-woody component and increases the presence of herbs and subshrubs in the landscape (Mistry 1998). In the Cerrado, most of the ongoing studies on dynamics have focused only on the tree layer (Libano and Felfili 2006; Aquino et al. 2007; Roitman et al. 2008, Carvalho and Felfili 2011). Studies that directly focus on understanding the temporal dynamics of the herbaceous and shrub layer over the years are still scarce, especially with regard to the grassland physiognomies of the biome (Eugênio et al. 2011). The Cerrado phytogeographical domain has a very heterogeneous physiognomy, that ranges from open grasslands to dense forests, but which has as the most common formation the savannic physiognomy, known as cerrado sensu stricto (Oliveira-Filho and Ratter 2002; Ab’Sáber 2003; Ribeiro and Walter 2008). The grassland formations include wet grassland (campo limpo), dryshrub grassland (campo sujo) and “campo rupestre” (rupiculous field grassland) (Ribeiro and Walter 2008), and until 2007 these occupied 7% of the entire Cerrado. In the Federal District alone, they covered a total of 6,164 ha (Sano et al. 2007). The dry-shrub grassland (Campo sujo) is one of the 487 Amaral et al. | Vascular lora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado physiognomies of the Cerrado domain and is comprised exclusively by shrubs and herbaceous species, where variations in topography, soil, and humidity allow the establishment of subshrub-herbaceous species and also of some woody species found in adjacent cerrado areas (Ribeiro and Walter 2008). Wet grasslands (Campo limpo úmido) can be found in various topographic positions, with different variations in humidity, depth and soil fertility conditions (Munhoz et al. 2008). This physiognomy rarely occurs in flat areas with deep soils, but is common in Central Brazil, on the slopes of plateaus and alongside “veredas” (palm swampy vegetation) (Ribeiro and Walter 2008). The wet grasslands occur on the edge of gallery forests, seasonally flooded soils in valley bottoms, especially on hydromorphic soils and peaty organic soils (Felfili et al. 2005), with gradations of humidity and segments where the water table is shallow (Munhoz et al. 2008). This paper reports on an ongoing monitoring project of the flora in an area of wet grassland and dry-shrub grassland, on the Água Limpa Farm, located in the south of the Federal District, Brazil. The study sites had experienced an accidental fire about a month before the first survey (1999-2001) (Munhoz and Felfili 2007a), and over a period of seven years there were no disturbances related to the fire regime. The main objectives were to verify whether after seven years without fire, the communities showed variation in their floristic composition, life forms, pollination and dispersal syndromes. Materials and Methods Study site This study was conducted in adjacent wet grassland and dry-shrub grassland sites (Figure 1), both of approximately 16 ha, located on the Água Limpa Farm (ALF), (15°56’ to 15°59’ S and 47°55’ to 47°58’ WGr.), in the south of the Federal District, and owned by the University of Brasilia (UnB), comprising a core area of the Cerrado Biosphere Reserve. The climate is Aw according to Köppen classification and is characterized by two well defined seasons: one that is hot and rainy (October to April) and the other cold and dry (May-September). In the study site the average annual maximum temperature is 28.5ºC with an average annual minimum of 12ºC. The average annual rainfall from November 1999 to April 2007 was 1,175 mm, measured at Figure 1. Location of Água Limpa Farm (ALF) in the south of Federal District, Brazil. The study areas are located in northeast at AFL. the meteorological station of the IBGE Ecological Reserve (RECOR), at a distance of approximately 5 km from the study site. The dry-shrub grassland in ALF occurs on an Oxisol of low fertility, with good drainage, deep groundwater and acid soil (pH 4.02), and high levels of Al +3 (0.35 cmolc.dm³), low levels of Ca2 + (0.35 cmolc.dm-³), Mg 2+ (0.12 cmolc. dm-³) and P+ (1.14 cmolc.dm-³) (Munhoz and Felfili 2006). The wet grassland adjacent to the dry-shrub grassland has a hydromorphic soil with a shallow water table, featuring areas of temporary flooding in the rainy season and permanent ones in the depressions. The wet grassland also features acid soil (pH 3.76), high levels of Al3+ (0.87 cmolc.dm-³), low Ca2+ (0.22 cmolc.dm-3), Mg2+ (0, 11 cmolc. dm-3) and P+ (3.31 cmolc.dm-3) (Munhoz et al. 2008). Data collection The study sites and the surrounding areas (gallery forest and cerrado sensu stricto) experienced an accidental fire in the first week of August 1999, about a month before the first survey (T0), carried out in the area on a fortnightly basis, from September 1999 to October 2000 (Munhoz and Felfili 2004; 2007a), but have never since suffered any disturbances related to the fire regime. The second floristic survey (T1) was carried out twice a month from August 2006 to August 2007. In both studies, botanical materials in reproductive stage of all specimens with herbaceous, subshrub, shrub and nonwoody liana habits were collected along marked trails running parallel and perpendicular to the edge of the gallery forest stream Taquara, so as to cover the greatest possible extent of the site (Munhoz and Felfili 2004; 2007a). The species collected were classified according to the main groups of plant life forms, following the terminology proposed by Raunkiaer (1934) and adapted by Ellenberg and Mueller-Dombois (1967). The taxonomic identification was performed by reference to the literature, comparison with specimens from the herbarium of the University of Brasilia (UB) and the Ecological Reserve of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and subsequent confirmation by specialists in each taxonomic group. The specimens collected were herbalized according to the usual procedures, and stored in the herbaria mentioned above. Exotic species behaving as invasive in the study site were also collected for floristic records. Species were classified into families based on the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III system (APG III 2009), and through the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (Stevens 2001). Author names for all species and synonyms were checked against The Plant List project page (2010) (http:// www.theplantlist.org/). Data Analysis Floristic findings in T1 for the ALF wet and dryshrub grasslands were compared with the T0 survey (Munhoz and Felfili 2004; 2007a), by means of the Sørensen Similarity Index. The floristic lists produced for both surveys was compiled into a single one, taking into account only Angiosperms. Life forms and the dispersal and pollination syndromes comprised the species matrix, classified for their presence and absence in T1 and T0. In order to classify the species as native and subspontaneous 488 Amaral et al. | Vascular lora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado (exotic) we used the information available in the Brazilian Flora Species List (http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2012/ index) and the recommendations suggested by Moro et al. (2012). The rare species were classified according to the list of rare plants in Brazil (Giulietti et al. 2009). To verify that the categories of life forms, pollination and dispersal syndromes were significantly different over time and space, Chi-square (c²) tests were applied (Zar 1999). To assess the similarity between surveys and between communities we used the Sørensen Similarity Index, based on the presence and absence of species (Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg 1974). This index was calculated by means of the MVSP software, version 3.13 (Kovach Computing Services 2005). Results and Discussion After seven years without fire, changes in their floristic composition of the studied communities were verified (Figure 2A). There was an increase in the richness of species, families and genera (Figure 2A). Compared to the first survey, the number of species increased by 7.5% and 6% for the wet (campo limpo úmido) and dry-shrub (campo sujo) grassland, respectively. In both periods, the dry-shrub and wet grasslands had 35 species in common, while in the second survey only 24 such species were found. In the wet grassland, 101 species that were recorded after the 1999 fire were not found in 2006, and 124 settled in the area after seven years, while in the dry-shrub grassland, 101 disappeared and 134 emerged (Table 1). In total (T0 + T1) were listed 317 species for wet grassland and 394 species for the dry-shrub grassland. There was a record of 557 species adding the two areas. The floristic similarity between the surveys in the dryshrub grassland was 53.5%, while in the wet grassland it was 38.5%. Albeit adjacent, the floristic similarity between the sites is low, 30% in T0 and 33.6% in T1. The low similarity between communities in space and on different observation occasions suggests floristic distinctions between the wet and dry-shrub grasslands, with most species being typical of each area, with low sharing over the seven-year interval between the surveys . The five families with the greatest number of species in the ALF wet and dry-shrub grassland sites were Asteraceae (91), Poaceae (75), Fabaceae (47), Melastomataceae (25) and Cyperaceae (23). The families Poaceae and Cyperaceae showed a reduction in the wealth of species -- the former in both sites and the latter only in the wet grassland. In the grassy-woody savanna of the Pantanal an increase in the number and frequency of the Cyperaceae’s species and Eudicots was observed after fire (Cardoso et al. 2000), suggesting that its suppression could influence the decline in the richness of these species, as observed in the ALF wet grassland after seven years without the Figure 2. Floristic composition, life forms, pollination and dispersal syndromes of the species in the dry-shrub and wet grassland in T0 and T1 at Água Limpa Farm, (ALF), Brasília, DF, Brazil. (A) Number of species per family and genera and subspontaneous and rare species; (B) Number of species per life form; (C) Number of species per dispersal syndrome; (D) Number of species per pollination syndrome. 489 Amaral et al. | Vascular lora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado presence of fire. Over time, only Poaceae and Asteraceae were common to the two sites among the five families with the highest number of species. The Asteraceae and Poaceae typically feature greater variety, especially in the savanna and grassland physiognomies of the Cerrado, where they are virtually restricted to the herbaceoussubshrub component (Mantovani and Martins 1993; Batalha and Martins 2002; Munhoz and Felfili 2007a). The high colonization by individuals of these families is due to the fact that most species support direct sunlight and require high light intensity, conditions found in open areas, making these ideal places for their settlement (Tannus and Assis 2004). These two are also among the nine families deemed hyperdiverse in Brazil, since they feature at least a thousand species considered to be native (Rapini et al. 2009). Significant differences were found in life forms between the wet and dry-shrub grasslands, both in T0 (c² = 41.24, p = 8.39-08) and in T1 (c² = 12.61, p = 0.02). Over time, the dominant life forms in the communities were the hemicryptophytes and chamaephytes, the former predominating in the wet grassland and the latter in the dry-shrub grassland (Figure 2B). As time elapsed since the last fire, the number of phanerophyte species increased in both communities, and that of therophytes and hemicryptophytes dropped in wet grassland (Figure 2B). Over time, only the wet grassland showed significant differences in the number of species by life form (c² = 19.51, p = 0.0015) due to the significant increase in phanerophytes and chamaephytes and reduction in hemicryptophytes and therophytes (Figure 2B). In the open savannas of Africa, the increase in shrubs determined a decline in the number of herbaceous species, after the suppression of fire (Belsky 1994; Duncan and Duncan 2000). The presence of shrubs and small trees in the landscape can change the phenology, composition, spatial distribution, biomass allocation and productivity of the herbaceous component (Scholes and Archer 1997). Shrub establishment, coverage and density cause changes in the soil and shading of herbs, resulting in the declining productivity of the latter (Scholes and Archer 1997). As for the Cerrado, a gradual increase in tree coverage density has been recorded after years of vegetation protection against fire. In areas of savanna woodland (cerradão), cerrado sensu stricto, “campo cerrado” and shrub savanna (campo sujo), the absence of fires caused a significant increase in the number of woody species, with open areas showing the highest values, that is, the absence of disturbances allowed the settlement and regeneration of the woody component (Moreira 2000). After 44 years of protection from fire, the main change observed with satellite images in vegetation cover at the Assis Ecological Station, an area of Cerrado in southeastern Brazil, was the continuous thickening of vegetation, with open grassland areas being gradually occupied by closed cerrado physiognomies (Pinheiro and Durigan 2009). Protected since 1959, with the suppression of fire since 2004 in that area the wet grassland had its area reduced to one fourth of the initial extent, losing ground to the cerrado sensu stricto and riparian forests (Pinheiro and Durigan 2009). Apparently, in the ALF wet grassland these patterns described by Moreira (2000) and Pinheiro and Durigan (2009) can also be verified, whereby the exclusion of fire for seven years has encouraged the growth and settlement of phanerophytes and chamaephytes (woody component ) and resulted in changes in the landscape due to the density of these shrubs. The dispersal syndromes, anemochory and autocory remained dominant in the communities studied (Figure 2C). There were significant changes in the dispersal syndromes in the wet grassland over time (c² = 7.93, p = 0.01), with a reduction in autochorous species and an increase in zoochoric ones (Figure 2C). The dispersion syndromes of the wet and dry-shrub grasslands were significantly different in T0 (c² = 8.56, p = 0.01) but not in T1 (c² = 2.03, p = 0.36), suggesting that over time and space a functional strategy of dispersal syndrome convergence occurred between the adjacent areas. Zoophily was the dominant pollination syndrome in the communities in both surveys (Figure 1d), with increases of 8.6% in the wet grassland and approximately 3% in the dry-shrub grassland. There was a general reduction in the number of anemophilous species: in the wet grassland this decrease was of 8.1% and in the dry-shrub grassland, 2.8% (Figure 2D). Over time, only the wet grassland (c² = 3.40, p = 0.05) showed significant differences in pollination syndromes, due to the increase in the number of zoochoric species between surveys and the decrease in anemophilous species (Figure 2D). The predominance of anemochoric dispersion over time is associated to the physiognomic types of the sites, which are open grasslands, and the dominance of herbaceous species, a pattern observed in other studies on the Cerrado (Batalha et al. 1997; Batalha and Mantovani 2000; Tannus et al. 2006), and in this dry-shrub grassland seven years ago (Munhoz and Felfili 2007b), but increased zoochory may be another factor to confirm the influence of the absence of fire in the changes found in the landscape over time, especially in the ALF wet grassland, where after years of fire protection a greater density of chamaephytes and phanerophytes was verified. The prevalence of the zoochoric dispersal syndrome in different environments is associated with the dominance of woody species (phanerophytes and chamaephytes), as occurs in the cerrado sensu stricto and forest habitats (Batalha and Mantovani 2000; Kinoshita et al. 2006; Tannus and Assis 2006; Ishara and Maimoni-Rodella 2011). The conditions of more open vegetation and the dominance of one layer composed of herbs, besides benefiting the presence of wind-dispersed species also favor a high frequency of anemophilous species (Gottsberger and Silberbauer-Gottsberger 2006b; Barbosa and Sazima 2008; Ishara and Maimoni-Rodella 2011), which in the ALF wet and dry-shrub grasslands showed a reduction over time in the studied communities. This anemophily reduction is associated with the exclusion of fire for seven years, since the reproductive behavior of some grasses, a group to which belong most of the species pollinated by wind, is dependent on fire, so few species flourish in the absence of this type of disorder (Sarmiento 1992; Canales et al. 1994; Munhoz and Amaral 2010). The proportions and occurrences of different pollination systems are affected by differences in floristic composition (Ramírez 1989). 490 Amaral et al. | Vascular lora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado Seven species found in the ALF site are on the list of Rare Plants of Brazil (Giulietti et al. 2009): Wedelia souzae H. Rob. (Asteraceae); Lobelia brasiliensis A.O.S. Vieira and G.J. Shep. (Campanulaceae); Hyptis loeseneriana Pilg. (Lamiaceae); Hyptis tenuifolia Epling (Lamiaceae); Polygala juncea A.St.Hil. (Polygalaceae); Spermacoce irwiniana (E.L. Cabral) Delprete (Rubiaceae) and Xyris diaphanobracteata Kral and Wand. (Xyridaceae) while W. souzae, L. brasiliensis, H.loeseneriana e X.diaphanobracteata only settled in the sites after fire suppression, P. juncea was listed after the fire only. This species flowers and fruits from November to May, and flowering is intense especially after fires (Marques 1988). H.tenuifolia e S. irwiniana were recorded in both surveys. H. tenuifolia occurred for a short period in the ALF dry-shrub grassland, and was recorded seven months after the fire, in the month of April during the dry season of 2000 (Munhoz and Felfili 2006). These plants were considered rare, since they have a restricted range of occurrence (<10,000 km²) and therefore meet criteria B1 and D2 of the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature), that is, in terms of the first criterion they can be classified as threatened depending on the number of locations or fragmentation and if they experience decline and/or extreme fluctuations regarding the boundaries of occurrence, area of occupancy, environmental conditions, number of locations or subpopulations, and/or number of mature individuals; and for the second criterion, these species can be considered endangered in the near future (Rapini et al. 2009). Three species were classified as subspontaneous to the flora of the Brazil (Brazilian Flora Species List 2012) (Table 1). Clibadium armanii (Balb.) Sch. Bip. ex O.E. Schulz (Asteraceae) e Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv (Poaceae) were recorded only after some distance from fire and only Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka (Poaceae) appeared in all surveys (Table 1). After seven years of fire the grass Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. settled in the ALF dry-shrub grassland was listed among the species with the highest percentage of coverage (A.G. Amaral, unpublished data). M. minutiflora is sensitive to fire and is adapted to low soil fertility (Martins et al. 2004), a condition found in the ALF dry-shrub grassland for its settlement and proliferation alongside the absence of fire for seven years. As a consequence of high competitive power, ample plant growth and a vast production of viable seeds, the species M. minutiflora has become a threat to the conservation of the biome’s flora (Filgueiras 1991; Martins et al. 2004). For the herb-shrub layer of the dry-shrub grassland, and particularly in the ALF wet grassland, the evidence found in changes related to composition, life forms and pollination and dispersal syndromes, point to a process of succession in these communities, generated by the exclusion of fire for seven years. For these environments, the frequency of the fire regime can be considered the main agent of change in the composition, life forms and phenology of species. Table 1. Families, genera and species according the life form (LF) proposed by Raunkiaer (1934) and adapted by Ellenberg and Mueller-Dombois (1967), dispersal syndrome (DS) and pollination syndrome (PS) in a campo sujo (CS), dry-shrub grassland, and a campo limpo úmido (CL), wet grassland, in 1999-2000 (T0) and 2006-2007 (T1), in the Água Limpa Farm, Federal District, Brazil. Legend: cham=chamaephyte; geo=geophyte; hem=hemicryptophyte; ph=phanerophyte; lia=liana; ter=terophyte; autoc= autochoric; zooc= zoochoric; anemoc= anemochoric; zoo= zoophilic; ane= anemophilic;*subspontaneous species; +rare species; CM= C. Munhoz; AA= A. Amaral. SPECIES VOUCHER CLT0 CLT1 CST0 CST1 Habit LF DS PS zoo Acanthaceae Justicia oncodes (Lindau) Wassh. and C. Ezcurra Justicia phyllocalyx (Lindau) Wassh. and C. Ezcurra Justicia pycnophylla Lindau Ruellia brevicaulis (Nees) Lindau CM1058 - - 1 - herb hem autoc AA617 - - 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo AA696 1 - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo zoo - 1 - subshrub cham autoc 1 - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Ruellia sp. CM2076 - AA58 AA1230 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA232 - 1 - - herb geo autoc zoo Alstroemeria gardneri Baker AA822 - - - 1 herb geo autoc zoo CM956 Ruellia incomta (Nees) Lindau Alstroemeriaceae Alstroemeria burchellii Baker Alstroemeria longistyla Schenk Alstroemeria sp. Amaranthaceae Gomphrena aphylla Pohl ex Moq. Pfaffia jubata Mart. Anacardiaceae Anacardium humile A. St.-Hil. 1 - - - herb geo autoc zoo CM1460 - - 1 - herb hem autoc zoo 1 - - - subshrub cham autoc zoo CM890 1 - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo AA92 - 1 - 1 shrub ph zooc zoo CM741 Apiaceae Eryngium juncifolium (Urb.) Mathias and Constance Eryngium marginatum Pohl ex Urb. Eryngium sp. Apocynaceae Asclepias candida Vell. Ditassa cordata (Turcz.) Fontella Ditassa sp. Mandevilla longiflora (Desf.) Pichon Mandevilla novocapitalis Markgr. Mandevilla rugosa (Benth.) Woodson AA48 - 1 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo 1 - 1 - herb hem autoc zoo CM2096 1 - - - herb hem autoc zoo 1 - 1 - herb hem anemoc zoo AA1433 1 1 - - subshrub cham anemoc zoo CM812 CM2078 CM2298 - - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo - - 1 - subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA393 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA347 1 - - 1 vine lia anemoc zoo CM2053 491 Amaral et al. | Vascular lora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado Table 1. Continued. SPECIES VOUCHER CLT0 CLT1 CST0 CST1 Habit LF DS PS Mandevilla velame (A. St.-Hil.) Pichon AA1636 - - 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo Oxypetalum aequaliflorum E. Fourn. AA535 1 - - 1 herb hem anemoc zoo Oxypetalum appendiculatum Mart. AA145 - 1 - - vine lia anemoc zoo AA407 - - 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo 1 - - - subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA40 - 1 - 1 herb hem anemoc zoo AA547 - 1 - - subshrub cham anemoc zoo - - 1 - subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA258 1 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc zoo AA45 - - 1 1 shrub cham anemoc zoo AA495 - - - 1 herb hem anemoc zoo - - - 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo - - 1 - subshrub cham anemoc zoo CM839 - - 1 - herb hem anemoc zoo - - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo - 1 - 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo CM2013 1 - - - subshrub cham anemoc zoo Oxypetalum erectum Mart. Asteraceae Achyrocline alata (Kunth) DC. Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Apopyros warmingii (Baker) G.L. Nesom Aspilia foliacea (Spreng.) Baker Aspilia jolyana G.M. Barroso Aspilia montevidensis (Spreng.) Kuntze Aspilia ovalifolia (DC.) Baker Aspilia platyphylla (Baker) S.F. Blake Aspilia reflexa (Sch.Bip. ex Baker) Baker Aspilia sp. CM1187 CM1936 AA709 CM2173 CM2237 Ayapana amygdalina (Lam.) R.M. King and H. Rob. AA49 AA62 - - 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo Baccharis subdentata DC. CM959 1 - - - subshrub cham anemoc zoo Baccharis erigeroides DC. Baccharis rufescens var. ventanicola Cabrera Baccharis sp.1 Baccharis sp.2 Bidens graveolens Mart. Calea cuneifolia DC. Calea fruticosa (Gardner) Urbatsch, Zlotsky and Pruski AA1933 - - 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA834 - 1 - 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA750 - - 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA504 - - 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo CM1341 - - 1 - shrub 1 - 1 - herb AA1105 - - - 1 subshrub Calea lantanoides Gardner CM1941 AA1786 - - - 1 Calea mediterranea (Vell.) Pruski CM792 1 - 1 AA873 - - AA1197 - 1 AA425 - - AA20 - 1 1 AA26 - - 1 Chromolaena horminoides DC. AA1770 - - - 1 Chromolaena laevigata (Lam.) R. M. King and H.Rob AA1256 - 1 - AA1849 Calea gardneriana Baker Calea hymenolepis Baker Calea quadrifolia Pruski and Urbatsch Campuloclinium hirsutum Gardner Chaptalia integerrima (Vell.) Burkart Chresta sphaerocephala DC. Chromolaena chaseae (B.L. Rob.) R. M. King and H.Rob. Chromolaena maximiliani (Schrad. ex DC.) R.M. King and H.Rob Chromolaena vindex (DC.) R.M.King and H.Rob. Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Clibadium armanii (Balb.) Sch. Bip. ex O.E. Schulz * Dimerostemma asperatum S.F. Blake Dimerostemma brasilianum Cass. Echinocoryne holosericea (Mart.) H. Rob. ph anemoc zoo Hem anemoc zoo cham anemoc zoo subshrub cham anemoc zoo - subshrub cham anemoc zoo - 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo - - herb hem anemoc zoo 1 1 herb hem anemoc zoo 1 shrub zoo subshrub ph anemoc 1 cham anemoc zoo herb hem anemoc zoo 1 shrub ph anemoc zoo zoo - 1 - - subshrub cham anemoc AA1257 1 - - 1 herb hem anemoc zoo CM1674 - - 1 - subshrub cham anemoc zoo ph anemoc zoo AA1095 - 1 - 1 shrub CM843 - - 1 - subshrub - - - 1 shrub AA639 cham anemoc zoo ph anemoc zoo anemoc zoo cham anemoc zoo ph anemoc zoo ph AA102 - - - 1 shrub Echinocoryne stricta (Gardner) H. Rob. AA426 - - - 1 subshrub 1 1 - 1 shrub AA1761 - 1 1 1 herb ter anemoc zoo Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. AA1557 - 1 - 1 herb ter anemoc zoo AA948 ph anemoc zoo hem anemoc zoo cham anemoc zoo Elephantopus elongatus Gardner Emilia fosbergii Nicolson Eremanthus mollis Sch. Bip. Eupatorium macrocephalum Less. Eupatorium megacephalum Mart. ex Baker Eupatorium stachyophyllum Spreng. Eupatorium tremulum Hook. and Arn. Eupatorium sp. Ichthyothere latifolia Baker Lepidaploa aurea (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob. Lessingianthus argyrophyllus (Less.) H. Rob. Lessingianthus bardanoides (Less.) H. Rob. Lessingianthus compactiflorus (Mart. ex Baker) H. Rob. Lessingianthus desertorum (Mart. ex DC.) H.Rob. Lessingianthus durus (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob. AA893 - - - 1 shrub AA391 - - - 1 herb AA748 - - 1 1 subshrub CM2133 - - 1 - subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA1068 - 1 - - shrub anemoc zoo CM783 - - 1 - subshrub ph cham anemoc zoo AA521 1 1 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA33 - 1 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo zoo AA34 - - 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc AA702 - - 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA17 - - - 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo CM1859 1 - - - subshrub cham anemoc zoo - - 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA260 492 Amaral et al. | Vascular lora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado Table 1. Continued. SPECIES VOUCHER CLT0 CLT1 CST0 CST1 Habit LF DS Lessingianthus erythrophilus (DC.) H. Rob. AA421 - 1 - 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo 1 - - - subshrub cham anemoc zoo Lessingianthus grearii (H.Rob.) H.Rob. CM889 PS Lessingianthus ligulifolius (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob. AA720 - - - 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo 1 - - - subshrub cham anemoc zoo - 1 - - subshrub cham anemoc zoo Lessingianthus simplex (Less.) H.Rob. CM1697 AA327 1 - 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo CM1661 - - 1 - subshrub cham anemoc zoo Lessingianthus linearifolius (Less.) H.Rob. Lessingianthus psilophyllus (DC.) H. Rob. Mikania sessilifolia DC. Podocoma sp. Porophyllum angustissimum Gardner Porophyllum lanceolatum DC. Praxelis kleinioides (Kunth) Sch. Bip. Praxelis sp. AA1194 AA494 - - - 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo CM1357 - - 1 - subshrub cham anemoc zoo CM1043 - - 1 - shrub zoo - 1 - - herb ph anemoc AA1197 hem anemoc zoo AA205 - 1 - - subshrub cham anemoc zoo Riencourtia oblongifolia Gardner AA519 1 1 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo Senecio adamantinus Bong. AA366 - 1 - - herb hem anemoc zoo Senecio sp. AA451 - 1 - - subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA1390 - - - 1 herb hem anemoc zoo AA1366 1 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc zoo AA815 - - 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo ph anemoc zoo hem anemoc zoo Soaresia velutina Sch. Bip. Stevia heptachaeta DC. Stevia sp. Symphyopappus reticulatus Baker AA590 - 1 - - shrub - - - 1 herb - - - herb hem anemoc zoo AA18 - - 1 1 shrub zoo AA1363 - 1 - 1 subshrub ph anemoc Trixis nobilis (Vell.) Katinas CM986 1 Trixis glutinosa D. Don AA472 AA27 - - - 1 shrub AA1775 - - - 1 subshrub Vernonanthura phosphorica (Vell.) H.Rob. CM1366 - - 1 - shrub Trichogonia salviifolia Gardner Trichogonia sp. Vernonanthura ferruginea (Less.) H. Rob Vernonanthura membranacea (Gardner) H. Rob. Vernonia megapotamica Spreng. Vernonia rubriramea Mart. ex DC. Viguiera bracteata Gardner Viguiera discolor Baker Viguiera kunthiana Gardner Viguiera robusta Gardner Viguiera sp. AA634 cham anemoc zoo ph anemoc zoo cham anemoc zoo ph anemoc zoo cham anemoc zoo cham anemoc zoo - - 1 1 subshrub AA184 - - - 1 subshrub AA259 - 1 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA592 - 1 - - subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA1604 - 1 - - herb hem anemoc zoo - - 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo CM917 zoo AA400 - - 1 - subshrub cham anemoc CM839 1 - 1 - herb hem anemoc zoo AA1263 - - - 1 shrub anemoc zoo AA868 1 1 - 1 subshrub ph cham anemoc zoo Begonia cucullata Willd. AA1199 - 1 - - herb ter autoc zoo AA1015 - - - 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo Anemopaegma arvense (Vell.) Stellfeld ex de Souza CM782 - - 1 - subshrub cham anemoc zoo Wedelia bishopii H. Rob. Wedelia souzae H. Rob.+ Willoughbya officinalis (Mart.) Kuntze Begoniaceae Bignoniaceae Adenocalymma pedunculatum (Vell.) L.G.Lohmann Anemopaegma glaucum Mart. ex DC. AA1274 - - 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA1878 - 1 - - shrub anemoc zoo s/no - - 1 - shrub ph AA1016 - - - 1 shrub AA480 1 - 1 1 shrub AA51 - - 1 1 subshrub Burmannia flava Mart. CM1003 1 - - - AA356 - 1 - Lobelia camporum Pohl CM1896 1 1 1 AA21 1 - 1 1 subshrub Jacaranda caroba (Vell.) A. DC. Jacaranda ulei Bureau and K. Schum. Zeyheria montana Mart. anemoc zoo anemoc zoo ph autoc zoo cham autoc zoo herb ter autoc zoo - shrub zoo herb ph anemoc - hem anemoc zoo cham zooc zoo Boraginaceae Cordia calocephala Cham. Heliotropium salicioides Cham. ph ph Burmanniaceae Campanulaceae Lobelia brasiliensis A.O.S. Vieira and G.J.Shepherd+ Chrysobalanaceae Parinari obtusifolia Hook. f. Clusiaceae Kielmeyera abdita Saddi Kielmeyera variabilis Mart. and Zucc. Convolvulaceae Evolvulus lagopodioides Meisn. AA24 - 1 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo CM864 - - 1 - shrub ph anemoc zoo AA82 - - 1 1 herb hem anemoc zoo 493 Amaral et al. | Vascular lora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado Table 1. Continued. SPECIES VOUCHER CLT0 CLT1 CST0 CST1 Habit LF DS PS Ipomoea aurifolia Dammer AA392 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Ipomoea campestris Meisn. AA499 - 1 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo AA593 - 1 - - vine lia autoc zoo zoo Ipomoea geophylifolia K. Afzelius Ipomoea procumbens Mart. and Choisy AA972 - - - 1 vine lia autoc Ipomoea procurrens Meisn. AA507 1 - 1 1 vine lia autoc zoo - - 1 - vine lia autoc zoo AA66 - - - 1 vine lia autoc zoo Merremia digitata var. ericoides (Meisn.) D.F. Austin and Staples CM2163 AA1400 - - - 1 vine lia autoc zoo AA1076 - 1 - - vine lia zooc zoo CM2039 Ipomoea sp. Merremia contorquens (Choisy) Hallier f. Cucurbitaceae Cayaponia weddellii (Naudin) Cogn. Cyperaceae Ascolepis brasiliensis (Kunth) Benth. ex C.B. Clarke Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kunth ex C.B.Clarke Bulbostylis jacobinae (Steud.) Lindm. Bulbostylis junciformis (Kunth) C.B. Clarke Bulbostylis juncoides (Vahl) Kük. ex Herter Bulbostylis paradoxa (Spreng.) Lindm. Bulbostylis paraensis C.B. Clarke Bulbostylis sellowiana (Kunth) Palla 1 - - - herb ter anemoc ane CM1191 1 - - - herb ter anemoc ane AA659 - - - 1 herb hem anemoc ane AA536 1 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane CM2174 - - 1 - herb hem anemoc ane s/no CM828 AA143 - - 1 - herb hem anemoc ane 1 - - - herb hem anemoc ane ane 1 1 - - herb hem anemoc AA1753 - 1 - - herb hem anemoc ane - - 1 - herb hem anemoc ane Lagenocarpus rigidus (Kunth) Nees CM729 AA379 1 1 - - herb hem anemoc ane AA568a - 1 - - herb hem anemoc ane Rhynchospora cf. albiceps Kunth CM888 Bulbostylis sp. CL Bulbostylis sp. CS Lagenocarpus rigidus subsp. tenuifolius (Boeckeler) T. Koyama and Maguire Rhynchospora brasiliensis Boeckeler Rhynchospora consaguinea (Kunth) Boeckeler Rhynchospora emaciata (Nees.) Boeckeler Rhynchospora gigantea Link Rhynchospora globosa (Kunth) Roem. and Schult. Rhynchospora marisculus Lindl. and Nees. Rhynchospora patuligluma C.B.Clarke ex Lindm. Rhynchospora robusta (Kunth) Boeckeler Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale Rhynchospora spruceana C.B. Clarke Rhynchospora tenuis Link Rhynchospora velutina (Kunth) Boeckeler Rhynchospora sp.1 Rhynchospora sp.2 Rhynchospora sp.3 Rhynchospora sp.4 1 - - - herb hem anemoc ane CM948 1 - - - herb hem anemoc ane AA275 1 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane AA566 1 1 - - herb hem anemoc ane CM1293 1 - - - herb hem anemoc ane AA117 1 1 - 1 herb hem autoc ane AA609 1 1 - - herb hem anemoc ane CM2302 - - 1 - herb hem anemoc ane AA235 1 1 - - herb hem anemoc ane AA47 1 1 - 1 herb hem anemoc ane AA680 1 1 - - herb hem autoc ane AA901 1 1 - - herb hem autoc ane AA1336 1 1 - 1 herb hem autoc ane CM826 1 - - - herb hem autoc ane CM1594 CM2212 1 - - - herb hem autoc ane 1 - - - herb hem autoc ane AA1613 - 1 - - herb hem autoc ane 1 1 1 - herb hem autoc ane AA816 1 1 - 1 herb ter autoc ane Scleria scabra Willd. CM1064 AA1151 - - - 1 herb ter autoc ane 1 - - - herb hem autoc ane Davilla elliptica A. St.-Hil. CM898 AA1265 - - 1 1 shrub ph zooc zoo AA820 1 1 - 1 herb hem autoc zoo - 1 - - subshrub cham autoc zoo Gaylussacia goyazensis Sleumer AA124 AA80 - 1 - 1 shrub zoo AA1701 - 1 - - shrub ph zooc Gaylussacia sp. zooc zoo Scleria hirtella Sw. Scleria leptostachya Kunth Scleria sp. Dilleniaceae Droseraceae Drosera montana A. St.-Hil. Ericaceae Agarista chlorantha (Cham.) G. Don Ericaceae Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon modestum Kunth Paepalanthus eriocauloides Ruhland Paepalanthus flaccidus (Bong.) Kunth Paepalanthus giganteus Sano Paepalanthus lundii Körn. CM1584 ph 1 - - - herb hem anemoc ane CM1480 1 - - - herb ter anemoc zoo AA1052 1 1 - - herb hem anemoc zoo AA198 - - 1 1 herb hem anemoc zoo CM1858 1 - - - herb hem anemoc zoo 494 Amaral et al. | Vascular lora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado Table 1. Continued. SPECIES VOUCHER CLT0 CLT1 CST0 CST1 Habit LF DS PS Paepalanthus cf. speciosus Gardner CM1599 1 - - - herb hem anemoc zoo Syngonanthus densiflorus (Korn.) Ruhland AA283 1 1 - - herb hem autoc zoo AA282 1 1 - - herb ter autoc zoo AA1606 1 1 - - herb hem autoc zoo Syngonanthus xeranthemoides (Bong.) Ruhland CM2220 1 - 1 - herb hem autoc zoo Syngonanthus gracilis (Bong.) Ruhland Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland Syngonanthus sp.1 Syngonanthus sp.2 Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum campestre A. St.-Hil Erythroxylum deciduum A. St.-Hil. Erythroxylum suberosum A. St.-Hil. CM1817 1 - - - herb hem autoc zoo CM1580 1 - - - herb hem autoc zoo AA50 - - 1 1 subshrub cham zooc zoo AA156 1 - 1 1 shrub ph zooc zoo ph zooc zoo ph zooc zoo zoo AA1000 - - - 1 shrub Erythroxylum tortuosum Mart. CM1872 - - 1 - shrub 1 - 1 - herb hem autoc Croton antisyphiliticus Mart. AA157 1 - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Dalechampia caperonioides Baill. AA416 AA6 1 1 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo Euphorbia potentilloides Boiss. CM733 1 1 1 - herb hem autoc zoo - - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo ph autoc zoo cham autoc zoo ph autoc zoo hem anemoc zoo Euphorbiaceae Acalypha claussenii (Turcz.) Müll.Arg. Croton campestris A. St.-Hil. Croton goyazensis Müll. Arg. Euphorbia sp. Maprounea guianensis Aubl. Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong Fabaceae Acosmium dasycarpum (Vogel) Yakovlev CM2052 AA14 CM731 AA323 - - - 1 shrub AA343 - - - 1 subshrub AA179 - - - 1 shrub - - 1 - herb Aeschynomene paniculata Vogel AA192 - - - 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo Bauhinia dumosa Benth. CM1068 AA633 - - - 1 shrub ph autoc zoo ph autoc zoo cham autoc zoo zoo Aeschynomene falcata (Poir) DC. Bauhinia rufa (Bong.) Steud AA195 - - - 1 shrub Bauhinia sp. CM1463 - - 1 - subshrub - 1 1 - subshrub cham autoc AA190 - 1 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo CM1176 1 - - - subshrub cham autoc zoo Calliandra dysantha Benth. Chamaecrista cathartica (Mart.) H.S. Irwin and Barneby Chamaecrista conferta (Benth.) H.S.Irwin and Barneby Chamaecrista crommyotricha (Harms) H.S. Irwin and Barneby Chamaecrista desvauxii (Collad.) Killip Chamaecrista desvauxii var. langsdorffii (Vogel) H.S. Irwin and Barneby CM1336 AA30 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo CM866 - - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA708 Chamaecrista pohliana (Benth) H.S. Irwin and Barneby AA388 1 1 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Chamaecrista sp. CM1063 - - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo Crotalaria cf. goiasensis Windler and S.G. Skinner Clitoria guianensis (Aubl.) Benth. Crotalaria flavicoma Benth. Crotalaria unifoliolata Benth. Crotalaria sp. Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth. Desmodium platycarpum Benth. Eriosema defoliatum Benth. Eriosema glabrum Benth. CM2475 1 - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo - - 1 - herb hem autoc zoo AA832 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA1486 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo zoo CM2055 CM855 - - 1 - subshrub cham autoc AA1306 - 1 - - subshrub cham autoc zoo CM1896 - - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo AA8 1 1 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA847 - - - 1 subshrub hem autoc zoo Galactia crassifolia (Benth.) Taub. AA37 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Galactia grewiifolia (Benth.) Taub. AA332 1 - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Galactia peduncularis Benth. (Taub) AA742 - - 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo AA61 - 1 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo AA1891 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Lupinus velutinus Benth. AA759 - - 1 1 shrub Mimosa albolanata Taub. AA1799 - 1 1 1 shrub Mimosa albolanata var. brasiliana Barneby AA36 - - - 1 shrub s/no - - 1 - subshrub Galactia stereophylla Harms Galactia sp. Mimosa gracilis Benth. ph autoc zoo ph autoc zoo ph autoc zoo cham autoc zoo Mimosa lanuginosa Burkart AA94 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo - - 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo Mimosa radula Benth. var imbricata (Benth.) Barneby AA739 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Mimosa nuda Benth. var. glaberrima (Chodat and Hassl.) Barneby AA524 495 Amaral et al. | Vascular lora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado Table 1. Continued. SPECIES VOUCHER CLT0 CLT1 CST0 CST1 Habit LF DS Mimosa setosa Benth. AA1348 1 - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA244 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA612 - - - 1 shrub autoc zoo AA1098 - - - 1 subshrub ph cham autoc zoo AA844 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo - - 1 1 shrub autoc zoo Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. AA2 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Vigna cf. linearis (Kunth) Marechal and al. CM1000 1 - - - vine lia autoc zoo AA1023 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA622 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA975 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA1232 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA1058 - 1 - - subshrub cham autoc zoo Mimosa setosa Benth. subsp. setosa Mimosa somnians Willd. Mimosa somnians Willd. subsp. viscida (Willd.) Barneby var. leptocaulis (Benth.) Barneby Mimosa xanthocentra Mart. subsp. tremula (Benth.) Barneby var. tremula Senna rugosa (G. Don) H.S. Irwin and Barneby Zornia gemella (Willd.) Vogel Zornia vestita Mohlenbr. Zornia virgata Moric. Zornia sp. AA1234 ph PS Gentianaceae Chelonanthus purpurascens (Aubl.) Struwe, S. Nilsson and V.A. Albert Curtia tenuifolia (Aubl.) Knobl. Deianira chiquitana Herzog Deianira nervosa Cham. and Schltdl. Irlbachia speciosa (Cham. and Schltdl.) Maas Schultesia gracilis Mart. AA1180 1 1 - - herb ter anemoc zoo AA31 1 1 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo CM1335 zoo - - 1 - herb hem autoc AA165 - 1 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA1164 1 1 - - herb hem autoc zoo - 1 - 1 herb hem autoc zoo Schultesia guianensis (Aubl.) Malme AA1124 AA857 - 1 - 1 herb hem anemoc zoo Sinningia elatior (Kunth)Chautems AA557 1 1 - - subshrub cham anemoc zoo AA1259 1 1 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo Sisyrinchium vaginatum Spreng. AA1009 1 1 - 1 herb hem autoc zoo Trimezia juncifolia (Klatt.) Benth. and Hook. f. CM1121 1 - - - herb geo autoc zoo - - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo Eriope complicata Mart. ex Benth. CM746 - - 1 - shrub ph autoc zoo zoo Gesneriaceae Sinningia allagophylla (Mart.) Wiehler Iridaceae Sisyrinchium restioides Spreng. Lamiaceae Amasonia hirta Benth. Eriope crassipes Benth. Hypenia brachystachys (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley Hyptis carpinifolia Benth. Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth. Hyptis crinita Benth. Hyptis cuneata Pohl ex Benth. Hyptis lavandulacea Pohl ex Benth. Hyptis linarioides Pohl ex Benth. Hyptis loeseneriana Pilg.+ CM1222 CM1952 - - 1 - herb hem autoc AA16 - 1 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA1468 1 1 - 1 shrub ph autoc zoo hem autoc zoo cham autoc zoo AA625 - - - 1 herb AA1460 - - 1 1 subshrub AA1350 - 1 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA1431 - 1 - - subshrub cham autoc zoo AA286 1 1 - - subshrub cham autoc zoo AA32 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Hyptis nudicaulis Benth. AA896 - - 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo Hyptis orbiculata Pohl ex Benth. AA214 - 1 - - subshrub cham autoc zoo zoo Hyptis peduncularis Benth. Hyptis subrotunda Pohl ex Benth. Hyptis subviolacea Briq. Hyptis tenuifolia Epling+ Hyptis villosa Pohl ex Benth. Marsypianthes montana Benth. Rhabdocaulon denudatum (Benth.) Epling Salvia brevipes Benth. Lauraceae CM1234 - - 1 - herb hem autoc AA320 1 1 - - subshrub cham autoc zoo CM1940 - - 1 - herb hem autoc zoo AA823 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA99 - 1 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo CM2064 - - 1 - shrub ph autoc zoo AA28 1 1 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo CM2086 - - 1 - herb hem autoc zoo - 1 - 1 vine lia zooc zoo Cassytha filiformis L. AA114 AA678 1 1 - - herb ter autoc zoo Utricularia hispida Lam. AA142 - 1 - - herb hem autoc zoo AA539 - 1 - - herb hem autoc zoo AA737 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Lentibulariaceae Utricularia amethystina Salzm. ex A. St.-Hil. and F. Girard Utricularia neottioides A. St.-Hil. and Girard Lythraceae Cuphea ferruginea Pohl ex Koehne 496 Amaral et al. | Vascular lora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado Table 1. Continued. SPECIES VOUCHER CLT0 CLT1 CST0 CST1 Habit LF DS PS Cuphea linarioides Cham. and Schltdl. AA386 1 1 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Cuphea spermacoce A. St.-Hil. AA86 1 - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA396 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA977 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA698 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Diplusodon virgatus Pohl CM1302 1 - - - shrub ph autoc zoo AA70 - 1 1 1 shrub anemoc zoo Banisteriopsis irwinii B. Gates AA1874 - 1 - - shrub ph anemoc zoo anemoc zoo Diplusodon oblongus Pohl Diplusodon sessiliflorus Koehne Diplusodon villosus Pohl Malpighiaceae Banisteriopsis campestris (A. Juss.) Little Banisteriopsis laevifolia (A. Juss.) B. Gates AA513 - - - 1 shrub Banisteriopsis megaphylla (A. Juss.) B. Gates 1 - - - shrub Banisteriopsis variabilis B. Gates AA1266 - - - 1 shrub Byrsonima basiloba A. Juss. CM2437 AA721 - - 1 1 subshrub Byrsonima guilleminiana A. Juss. AA96 - 1 - 1 shrub Byrsonima pachyphylla A. Juss. AA837 - 1 1 1 shrub Byrsonima rigida A. Juss. AA402 - - 1 1 subshrub - - 1 1 shrub Byrsonima subterranea Brade and Markgr. Heteropterys byrsonimifolia A. Juss. Heteropterys campestris A. Juss. AA189 AA209 - 1 - - shrub AA56 - - 1 1 shrub ph ph ph ph anemoc zoo anemoc zoo cham zooc zoo ph zooc zoo zooc zoo ph cham zooc zoo ph zooc zoo ph anemoc zoo ph anemoc zoo cham anemoc zoo cham anemoc zoo Peixotoa goiana C.E. Anderson AA19 - - 1 1 subshrub Peixotoa sp. - - 1 - subshrub AA90 - - - 1 subshrub cham anemoc zoo Tetrapterys ambigua (A. Juss.) Nied. CM1039 AA163 1 - 1 1 shrub ph anemoc zoo AA825 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Byttneria sp. AA976 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Pterandra pyroidea A. Juss. Malvaceae Byttneria scalpellata Pohl Melochia spicata (L.) Fryxell Pavonia rosa-campetris A. St.-Hil. Peltaea lasiantha Krapov. and Cristobal Peltaea trinervis (C. Presl) Krapov. and Cristóbal Peltaea sp. Sida linifolia Juss. ex Cav. Waltheria communis A. St.-Hil. Melastomataceae Cambessedesia espora DC. Cambessedesia hilariana (Kunth) DC. Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don Comolia lanceaeflora Triana Desmoscelis villosa (Aubl.) Naudin Lavoisiera bergii Cogn. Leandra deflexa Cogn. AA711 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo s/no - - 1 - subshrub cham zooc zoo AA629 - - 1 1 subshrub cham zooc zoo AA582 - 1 - - subshrub cham zooc zoo CM2469 - - 1 - subshrub cham zooc zoo AA65 1 - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo CM1944 - - 1 - herb hem autoc zoo AA5 - - 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo AA395 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo s/no ph zooc zoo autoc zoo autoc zoo ph autoc zoo ph zooc zoo zooc zoo cham zooc zoo ph autoc zoo 1 - - - shrub AA905 1 1 - - subshrub AA1304 1 1 - - shrub AA136 - 1 - - shrub AA200 - 1 - - shrub Leandra erostrata (DC.) Cogn. AA125 - 1 - - shrub Leandra polystachya (Naudin) Cogn. AA864 1 1 - 1 subshrub AA134 - 1 - - shrub AA1556 - 1 1 1 herb AA3 - 1 - 1 shrub Macairea radula (Bonpl.) DC. Meisneria cordata (Pohl ex DC.) Triana Miconia albicans (Sw.) Steud. Miconia chamissois Naudin cham ph ph hem autoc zoo ph zooc zoo ph zooc zoo cham autoc zoo cham autoc zoo AA129 - 1 - - shrub Microlicia euphorbioides Mart. AA1127 - 1 - 1 subshrub AA127 - 1 - - subshrub AA203 1 1 - - subshrub cham autoc zoo Ossaea congestiflora Cong. AA627 - - - 1 shrub ph zooc zoo Microlicia helvola (Spreng.) Triana Microlicia polystemma Naudin Pterolepis repanda (DC.) Triana AA966 - - - 1 subshrub Rhynchanthera grandiflora (Aubl.) DC. AA138 1 1 - - shrub Tibouchina aegopogon (Naudin) Cogn. AA529 1 - 1 1 subshrub AA632 1 1 1 1 Tibouchina stenocarpa (DC.) Cogn. AA906 - 1 - Tibouchina sp. Tibouchina gracilis (Bonpl.) Cogn. cham autoc zoo ph autoc zoo cham autoc zoo subshrub cham autoc zoo - shrub ph autoc zoo AA1056 - 1 - - subshrub Trembleya parviflora (D. Don) Cogn. AA132 - 1 - - shrub Trembleya phlogiformis DC. AA394 - 1 1 1 shrub Menispermaceae cham autoc zoo ph autoc zoo autoc zoo ph 497 Amaral et al. | Vascular lora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado Table 1. Continued. SPECIES VOUCHER CLT0 CLT1 CST0 CST1 Habit LF DS PS Cissampelos ovalifolia DC. AA398 1 1 1 1 subshrub cham zooc zoo AA1602 - 1 - - shrub ph zooc ane zooc zoo ph zooc zoo Moraceae Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul Myrtaceae Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg Campomanesia pubescens (Mart. ex DC.) O.Berg AA64 CM1938 - - 1 1 shrub - - 1 - shrub - - 1 1 shrub 1 1 1 1 shrub Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg. AA246 AA9 - - - 1 shrub Eugenia cristaensis O. Berg. CM787 - - 1 - subshrub Eugenia calycina Cambess. Eugenia complicata O. Berg. AA67 ph ph zooc zoo zooc zoo ph zooc zoo cham zooc zoo ph Eugenia klotzschiana O. Berg. AA57 - - - 1 subshrub cham zooc zoo Eugenia myrcianthes Nied. - - 1 - subshrub cham zooc zoo AA250 - 1 - 1 shrub Myrcia decorticans DC. CM745 AA7 - - - 1 shrub Myrcia decrescens O. Berg. AA169 1 1 1 1 herb Myrcia hiemalis Cambess. CM1880 - - 1 - Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. Myrcia lasiantha DC. Myrcia linearifolia Cambess. Myrcia stricta O. Berg. (Kiaersk.) Myrcia tomentosa (Aubl.) DC. s/no zooc zoo zooc zoo hem zooc zoo subshrub cham zooc zoo ph zooc zoo cham zooc zoo - - - 1 shrub s/no - - 1 - subshrub AA72 - - - 1 subshrub cham zooc zoo AA335 - - - 1 shrub ph zooc zoo Myrcia torta DC. AA11 1 1 1 1 shrub Myrciaria cuspidata O.Berg - - 1 - shrub Psidium firmum O. Berg. AA12 - 1 - 1 shrub Psidium grandifolium Mart. ex DC. CM817 AA518 - - - 1 shrub AA406 - - - 1 shrub Psidium laruotteanum Cambess. Ochnaceae Ouratea floribunda Engl. Sauvagesia linearifolia A. St.-Hil Sauvagesia racemosa A. St.-Hil ph ph ph ph ph zooc zoo zooc zoo zooc zoo zooc zoo ph zooc zoo ph AA83 - 1 1 1 subshrub cham zooc zoo AA1554 1 1 - 1 herb hem autoc zoo 1 1 - - subshrub cham autoc zoo ph anemoc zoo ph anemoc zoo AA122 Onagraceae Ludwigia nervosa (Poir.) H. Hara AA130 1 1 - - shrub AA1854 - 1 - - shrub 1 - - - herb hem autoc zoo AA1357 - 1 1 1 herb geo autoc zoo Habenaria ayangannensis Renz CM2213 AA1110 - - - 1 herb hem anemoc zoo - - - 1 herb hem anemoc zoo Habenaria cf. urbaniana Cogn. AA647 CM1495 Buchnera lavandulacea Cham. and Schldl. CM906 Ludwigia tomentosa (Cambess.) H. Hara Orchidaceae Cleistes sp. Epistephium sclerophyllum Lindl. Habenaria heringeri Pabst Habenaria nuda Lindl. Orobanchaceae Buchnera juncea Cham. and Schltdl. Buchnera rosea Kunth Escobedia grandiflora (L. f.) Kuntze Esterhazya splendida J.C. Mikan Melasma sp. Oxalidaceae Oxalis confertifolia (Kuntze) R. Knuth Oxalis cordata A. St.-Hil. Oxalis suborbiculata Lourteig Passifloraceae Passiflora amethystina J.C. Mikan Passiflora clathrata Mast. Piriqueta sidifolia (A. St.-Hil. and A. Juss. and Cambess.) Urb. Turnera longiflora Cambess. Turnera oblongifolia Cambess. s/no 1 - 1 - herb geo anemoc zoo 1 - - - herb hem anemoc zoo - 1 - - herb hem anemoc zoo 1 - - - herb hem anemoc zoo CM1041 - - 1 - herb hem anemoc zoo AA1062 - 1 - - subshrub cham autoc zoo AA1373 - - 1 1 shrub autoc zoo CM1575 1 - - - herb ph autoc zoo 1 1 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA647 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA1440 AA4 AA74 hem AA1066 - 1 - - vine lia zooc zoo AA285 - 1 - - subshrub cham zooc zoo AA1002 1 - 1 1 subshrub cham zooc zoo AA242 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA390 1 1 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo AA1061 - 1 - - shrub ph zooc zoo AA119 - 1 - 1 herb hem anemoc ane Piperaceae Piper fuligineum Kunth Poaceae Agenium leptocladum (Hack.) Clayton 498 Amaral et al. | Vascular lora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado Table 1. Continued. SPECIES VOUCHER CLT0 CLT1 CST0 CST1 Habit LF DS Andropogon bicornis L. AA887 1 1 1 1 herb hem zooc ane AA530 1 1 - 1 herb hem anemoc ane CM754 ane Andropogon lateralis Nees. Andropogon lateralis subsp. cryptopus (Hack.) A. Zanin Andropogon leucostachyus Kunth Andropogon selloanus (Hack.) Hack. Andropogon virgatus Desv. Aristida recurvata Kunth PS 1 - - - herb hem anemoc AA501 1 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane CM796 1 - - - herb hem anemoc ane AA197 1 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane AA15 - - 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane Aristida riparia Trin. AA1026 - 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane Aristida setifolia Kunth AA35 - - 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane CM1693 ane Aristida sp. Arthropogon filifolius Filg. Arthropogon villosus Nees Arthropogon sp. Arundinella hispida (Willd.) Kuntze Axonopus aureus P. Beauv. Axonopus brasiliensis (Spreng.) Kuhlm. Axonopus comans (Doll) Kuhlm. Axonopus marginatus (Trin.) Chase ex Hitchc. Axonopus siccus (Nees) Kuhlm. Axonopus sp. Ctenium cf. brachystachyum (Nees) Kunth Ctenium cirrhosum (Nees) Kunth Digitaria sp. Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase Elionurus muticus (Spreng.) Kuntze Eragrostis maypurensis (Kunth) Steud. Eriochrysis cayennensis P. Beauv. Hyparrhenia bracteata (Humb. and Bonpl. ex Willd.) Stapf. Ichnanthuschamporum Swallen Ichnanthus procurrens (Nees ex Trin.) Swallen Lasiacis standleyi Hitchc. Leptocoryphium lanatum (Kunth) Nees Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv.* Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka.* Mesosetum ferrugineum (Trin.) Chase Mesosetum loliiforme (Steud.) Hitchc. Otachyrium seminudum Send. and Soderstr. Panicum caaguazuense Henrard Panicum cyanescens Nees ex Trin. Panicum olyroides Kunth Panicum olyroides Kunth. var olyroides Panicum parvifolium Lam. Panicum peladoense Henrard Paspalum ammodes Trin. Paspalum dedeccae Quarín Paspalum ellipticum Döll Paspalum erianthum Nees ex Trin. Paspalum gardnerianum Nees Paspalum geminiflorum Steud. - - 1 - herb hem anemoc AA313 1 1 - - herb hem anemoc ane CM2077 1 - 1 - herb hem anemoc ane AA1826 - 1 - - herb hem anemoc ane AA35 1 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane AA1877 - 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane AA882 1 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane AA284 1 1 - - herb hem anemoc ane AA657 - 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane AA728 - - 1 1 herb hem autoc ane CM2142 1 - - - herb hem anemoc ane 1 - - - herb hem anemoc ane 1 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane - - 1 - herb hem anemoc ane CM742 AA1407 CM1365 AA41 1 1 1 1 herb hem zooc zoo CM750 1 1 1 - herb hem anemoc ane AA1280 - - 1 1 herb hem zooc ane AA603 - 1 - - herb hem anemoc ane AA1497 1 1 - 1 herb hem anemoc ane AA731 - 1 1 1 herb hem zooc ane AA374 - 1 - - herb hem zooc ane 1 - - - herb hem anemoc ane CM1969 AA429 - - 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane AA110 - - - 1 herb hem anemoc ane AA725 1 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane CM757 1 - - - herb hem anemoc ane AA875 - - - 1 herb hem anemoc ane CM2283 1 1 1 - herb hem autoc ane AA1617b - 1 - - herb hem zooc ane AA648 1 - 1 1 herb hem zooc ane s/no - - 1 1 herb hem zooc ane AA537 - 1 - 1 herb hem zooc ane AA913 1 1 - - herb hem zooc ane AA726 - - 1 1 herb hem zooc ane CM2131 - - 1 - herb hem anemoc ane AA297 1 1 - - herb hem anemoc ane CM751 1 - 1 - herb hem anemoc ane ane CM1960 1 - - - herb hem anemoc AA44 1 1 1 1 herb hem zooc ane 1 - 1 - herb hem anemoc ane 1 - - 1 herb hem anemoc ane CM1326 1 - - - herb hem anemoc ane CM1017 Paspalum glaucescens Hack. Paspalum imbricatum Filg. AA46 AA806 1 1 - - herb hem anemoc ane Paspalum lineare Trin. s/no 1 - - - herb hem anemoc ane Paspalum hyalinum Nees ex Trin. Paspalum maculosum Trin. AA1035 1 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane Paspalum pectinatum Nees ex Trin. CM762 1 - 1 - herb hem autoc ane Paspalum pilosum Lam. AA1035 - - 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane 1 1 1 - herb hem anemoc ane AA1159 - - 1 1 herb ter anemoc ane Paspalum stellatum Flüeggé CM1022 AA113 1 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane AA1662 - - - 1 herb hem anemoc ane Paspalum polyphyllum Nees ex Trin. Paspalum reduncum Nees ex Steud. Paspalum trichotomum Hack. 499 Amaral et al. | Vascular lora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado Table 1. Continued. SPECIES VOUCHER CLT0 CLT1 CST0 CST1 Habit LF DS PS Pennisetum nervosum (Nees) Trin. CM1218 - - 1 - herb hem anemoc ane AA730 - - 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane AA152 - 1 - - herb hem anemoc ane AA571 - 1 - - herb hem autoc ane AA1155 1 1 1 1 herb hem anemoc ane AA1410 - 1 - 1 herb hem anemoc ane Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult. Saccharum asperum (Nees) Steud. Sacciolepis myuros (Lam.) Chase Schizachyrium condensatum (Kunth) Nees Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston Schizachyrium tenerum Nees Schizachyrium sp. Setaria parviflora (Poir.) M. Kerguelen Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash Sporobolus reflexus Boechat and Longhi-Wagner Trachypogon macroglossus Trin. Trachypogon spicatus (L.f.) Kuntze CM1386 - - 1 - herb hem anemoc ane CM1214 1 - - - herb hem anemoc ane AA880 - 1 1 1 herb ter zooc ane AA1278 - - - 1 herb hem anemoc ane CM763 ane 1 - 1 - herb hem anemoc AA1661 - - - 1 herb hem zooc ane CM1387 - - 1 - herb hem zooc ane - 1 1 1 herb hem zooc ane zoo Tristachya leiostachya Nees AA431 AA278 1 - 1 1 subshrub cham anemoc Polygala abreui Marques and J.F.B. Pastore AA216 - 1 - - herb hem zooc zoo CM953 1 - - - herb ter zooc zoo Polygalaceae Monnina oblongifolia Arechav. Polygala carphoides Chodat Polygala celosioides Mart. ex A.W. Benn. Polygala cuspidata DC. Polygala cf. fendleri Chodat Polygala galioides Poir. Polygala harleyi M.C.M. Marques Polygala hygrophila Kunth Polygala juncea A. St.-Hil.+ Polygala longicaulis Kunth Polygala martiana A.W. Benn. Polygala misella Bernardi Polygala pseudosericea Chodat Polygala subtilis Kunth Polygala tenella Willd. AA1889 - - - 1 herb ter zooc zoo CM1012 - - 1 - herb hem zooc zoo 1 - - - herb ter autoc zoo AA830 1 1 - 1 herb ter autoc zoo CM1177a 1 - - - herb hem autoc zoo CM2442 AA963 1 - - - herb ter autoc zoo CM2061 - - 1 - herb hem autoc zoo AA819 1 1 1 1 herb ter autoc zoo AA399 1 - 1 1 herb hem anemoc zoo AA1040 1 1 - - herb ter autoc zoo 1 - - - herb hem autoc zoo 1 - - - herb ter autoc zoo zoo CM795 CM972 CM1199 1 - - - herb ter autoc Polygala tenuis DC. AA81 1 1 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo Polygala timoutou Aubl. CM1314 1 - - - herb ter autoc zoo 1 1 - - subshrub cham zooc zoo Pteromonnina stenophylla (A. St-Hil.) B. Eriksen AA221 Rhamnaceae Crumenaria choretroides Martius ex Reisseck Crumenaria erecta Reissek Rubiaceae Chomelia ribesioides Benth. ex A. Gray Declieuxia cordigera var. cordigera Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd. ex Roem. and Schult.) Kuntze Galianthe grandifolia E.L. Cabral Galianthe ramosa E.L. Cabral Galianthe verbenoides Cham. and Schltdl. Mitracarpus frigidus (Willd. ex Roem. and Schult.) K. Schum. Palicourea coriacea (Cham.) K. Schum. Palicourea officinalis Mart. Palicourea rigida Kunth Richardia scabra L. Sabicea brasiliensis Wernham Spermacoce irwiniana (E.L. Cabral) Delprete+ CM737 CM1808 - - 1 - herb hem anemoc zoo - - 1 - herb hem autoc zoo ph zooc zoo hem autoc zoo zoo AA256a - - - 1 shrub CM2164 - - 1 - herb AA998 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc AA862 - 1 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA474 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA46 - - - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo - - 1 - herb hem autoc zoo AA22 - - 1 1 subshrub cham zooc zoo AA43 - 1 1 1 subshrub cham zooc zoo ph zooc zoo hem zooc zoo CM1358 AA516a - - - 1 shrub CM1014 - - 1 - herb AA69 - 1 1 1 subshrub cham zooc zoo AA1769 1 - - 1 herb hem autoc zoo Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. AA397 1 1 - 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo Spermacoce marticrovettiana (E.L.Cabral) Govaerts CM1680 1 - 1 - herb hem autoc zoo Spermacoce ocymoides Burm. f. AA599 - 1 - - herb hem autoc zoo 1 - 1 1 subshrub ter autoc zoo AA1253 1 - 1 1 herb hem autoc zoo Spermacoce sp. AA417 CM2069a - - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo Spermacoce poaya A. St.-Hil. Spermacoce tenella (Kunth) Cham. and Schltdl. Staelia capitata K. Schum. Tocoyena formosa (Cham. and Schltdl.) K. Schum. Salicaceae CM1347 AA334 - - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo - - 1 1 shrub ph zooc zoo 500 Amaral et al. | Vascular lora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado Table 1. Continued. SPECIES VOUCHER CLT0 CLT1 CST0 CST1 Habit LF DS PS Casearia sylvestris Sw. AA42 - - 1 1 shrub ph autoc zoo 1 - - - herb ter zooc zoo AA492 - 1 - 1 vine cham autoc zoo AA109 - 1 - 1 vine lia anemoc Zoo AA55 - - 1 1 subshrub cham zooc zoo AA25 - 1 - - shrub ph zooc zoo AA25 - - 1 1 vine lia zooc zoo ph autoc zoo hem autoc zoo zoo Santalaceae Thesium brasiliense A. DC. Sapindaceae Serjania erecta Radlk. Serjania lethalis A. St.-Hil. CM974 Simaroubaceae Simaba suffruticosa Engl. Siparunaceae Siparuna brasiliensis (Spreng.) A. DC. Smilacaceae Smilax goyazana A. DC. Solanaceae Brunfelsia obovata Benth. AA131 - 1 - - shrub Schwenckia americana Rooyen ex L. AA1 - - - 1 herb CM2300 - - 1 - herb hem zooc AA382 - - - 1 herb hem zooc zoo AA383 - - - 1 shrub zooc zoo AA183 1 1 1 1 subshrub ph cham zooc zoo Symplocos crenata (Vell.) Mattos AA1593 - 1 - - shrub ph zooc zoo Lippia lacunosa Mart. and Schauer AA1514 Solanum americanum Mill. Solanum foederale M. Nee Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. Solanum subumbellatum Vell. Symplocaceae Verbenaceae Lippia corymbosa Cham. Lippia lupulina Cham. Lippia martiana Schauer CM1658 1 - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo - 1 - - subshrub cham autoc zoo AA738 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo CM870 - - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo ph autoc zoo cham autoc zoo Lippia rotundifolia Cham. AA1772 - 1 - 1 shrub Lippia sericea Cham. AA1341 - - - 1 subshrub CM1695 - - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo CM845 - - 1 - subshrub cham autoc zoo AA852 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo AA889 - - 1 1 subshrub cham autoc zoo CM781 - - 1 - herb hem autoc zoo - - 1 1 vine lia zooc zoo zoo Lippia sp. Stachytarpheta gesnerioides Cham. Stachytarpheta longispicata (Pohl) S. Atkins Stachytarpheta sp. Violaceae Hybanthus lanatus (A. St.-Hil.) Baill. Vitaceae Cissus erosa Rich. Xyridaceae Abolboda poarchon Seub. Xyris dawsonii L.B. Sm. and Downs Xyris diaphanobracteata Kral and Wand.+ Xyris fallax Malme Xyris filifolia L.A. Nilsson Xyris guaranitica Malme Xyris hymenachne Mart. Xyris jupicai Rich. Xyris lacerata Pohl ex Seub. Xyris laxifolia Mart. Xyris paculipoda Kral and Smith AA490 AA1453 1 1 - - herb hem anemoc AA888 - - - 1 herb hem anemoc zoo AA1447 - 1 - - herb hem anemoc zoo AA810 - 1 - - herb hem anemoc zoo AA1688 - 1 - - herb hem anemoc zoo AA146 1 1 - - herb ter anemoc zoo AA929 1 1 - - herb hem anemoc zoo AA104 1 1 - 1 herb ter anemoc zoo zoo AA144 - 1 - - herb hem anemoc AA1093 - 1 - - herb hem anemoc zoo AA1158 - 1 - - herb hem anemoc zoo Xyris roraimae Malme AA1625 - 1 - - herb hem anemoc zoo AA1208b - 1 - - herb hem anemoc zoo CM2278 1 1 1 - herb hem anemoc zoo Xyris seubertii A. 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