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2011
The Polystachyinae is an orchid subtribe with a pantropical distribution. It occurs from southern North America and tropical and subtropical South America, throughout tropical and subtropical Africa, Madagascar and the neighbouring islands, to south-eastern tropical Asia. Ten genera and 232 species are recognized within the Polystachyinae based on data from morphological and molecular analyses. Phylogeny of the subtribe was based on DNA sequences for plastid and nuclear data. The subtribe is well characterized by pseudobulbous stems with conduplicate, distichous leaves, a racemose or paniculate inflorescence arising from the top of the pseudobulb, non-resupinate flowers with a prominent mentum and an uppermost lip. Polystachya, with 196 species, is the largest genus of the subtribe and thirteen sections are recognized within it. A synopsis of the subtribe is provided. A comprehensive description, full synonymy, illustration of flower parts and a distribution map as well as detailed ecological, phenological and distribution data are provided for each taxon treated and a list of 5480 examined specimens from the whole range of distribution of the subtribe were analysed in detail. A review of the relevant literature for the species is given. Taxonomic key for determination of the genera of the Polystachyinae is included, as well as keys for the species of particular genera, sections and subsections and regional keys to the Asian, American and African species of Polystachya. One species (Polystachya isabelae), five sections (Bicalcaratae, Galeatae, Oreochares, Steudnerae and Pseudomonophyllae), six subsections (Caespitificae, Gracilentae, Rhodopterae, Spatellae, Stauroglossae and Zambesiacae) are newly described and two new combinations are proposed (Polychaetae and Kermesinae). Geerinckia is newly treated as a synonym of Polystachya; Geerinckia couloniana is newly treated as a synonym of Polystachya greatrexii and Polystachya ridleyi is newly treated as a synonym of P. adansoniae. As part of a detailed nomenclatural review ninety-seven lectotypes and five neotypes (Polystachya caespitosa, P. geraënsis, P. holstii, P. lineata and P. stenophylla) are designated. Keywords: Africa, Bayesian analysis, ITS, lectotypification, molecular phylogeny, maximum parsimony, morphology, Polystachyinae, rpl16, rpl32-trnL, taxonomy. Available: http://koeltz.com/product.aspx?pid=206492"
Systematics and Geography of Plants
The Orchidaceae endemic to Atlantic Central Africa occurring in CameroonA list of 108 endemic taxa from Atlantic Central Africa occuring in Cameroon is given. Among these, 72 (67 %) are epiphytes, 7 (6 %) are facultative epiphytes and 29 (27 %) are terrestrial. These figures may present important local variations: from lowland to montane forest, the proportion of epiphytes decreases with about 20 %. Fourty three (40 %) taxa are known only from Cameroon and the specific endemism for Orchidaceae in this country is ca. 8.8 %. Two genera, Gastrodia R.Br. and Ossiculum P.J.Cribb & Laan, are endemic to Cameroon. The species Polystachya bipoda Stévart, Ancistrorhynchus obovata Stévart inedit., Cyrtorchis submontana Stévart inedit., Tridactyle anthomoniaca (Rchb.f.) Summerh. subsp. nana P.J.Cribb & Stévart, Ancistrorhynchus crystalensis P.J.Cribb & Laan and Polystachya kubalae Szlach. & Olsz. are newly recorded for the flora of Cameroon. Twenty four taxa were not recorded in Cameroon by Szlachetko & Olszewski (1998, 2001a & 2001b), but were already cited in the...
2012 •
2010 •
Systematics and Geography of Plants
Les Orchidaceae endémiques d'Afrique centrale atlantique présentes au CamerounA list of 108 endemic taxa from Atlantic Central Africa occuring in Cameroon is given. Among these, 72 (67%) are epiphytes, 7 (6%) are facultative epiphytes and 29 (27%) are terrestrial. These figures may present important local variations: from lowland to montane forest, the proportion of epiphytes decreases with about 20%. Fourty three (40%) taxa are known only from Cameroon and the specific endemism for Orchidaceae in this country is ca. 8.8%. Two genera, Gastroida R.Br. and Ossiculum P.J.Cribb & Laan, are endemic to Cameroon. The species Polystachya bipoda Stévart, Ancistrorhynchus obovata Stévart inedit., Cyrtorchis submontana Stévart inedit., Tridactyle anthomoniaca (Rchb.f.) Summerh. subsp. nana P.J.Cribb & Stévart, Ancistrorhynchus crystalensis P.J.Cribb & Laan and Polystachya kubalae Szlach. & Olsz. are newly recorded for the flora of Cameroon. Twenty four taxa were not recorded in Cameroon by Szlachetko & Olszewski (1998, 2001a & 2001b), but were already cited in the liter...
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Isochilostachya Mytnik & Szlach., gen. nov., a new genus of Polystachyinae Schltr. (Orchidaceae)2011 •
A new genus of Orchidaceae (Polystachyinae), Isochilostachya, is described. It is morphologically similar to Polystachya Hook. but is distinct by the narrower, grass-like leaves arranged in the upper part of the stem, long and acuminate floral bracts and sepals, and long clavate or capitate hairs densely arranged on the lip. A comprehensive description of the new genus is provided. A list of examined specimens and information about distribution, habitat, and altitude for each species are presented. A position of the members of the new genus in the cladogram recently obtained from molecular analyses of Polystachyinae is briefly discussed. A taxonomic key to Polystachyinae is included. Eleven new combinations on species level are validated. Eight lectotypes are designated. Most of the species of Isochilostachya are endemic to particular mountains of the Eastern Arc (Eastern Afromontane hotspot) in north-east Tanzania therefore a brief discussion about their restricted distribution is provided. Keywords: Polystachya sect. Isochiloides; taxonomy; endemism; Eastern Afromontane hotspot; Africa
2000 •
A recent phylogenetic analysis of four DNA regions for ca. 354 species of core Maxillariinae strongly indicate that the genus Maxillaria, as traditionally circumscribed, is grossly polyphyletic. We pre- sent a new phylogenetic classification for core Maxillariinae that recognizes 17 genera. Necessary realign- ments include: 1) resurrection of the genera Camaridium, Heterotaxis, and Ornithidium; 2) recognition of the recent segregates
Eric Hágsater, Mario Blanco, hilda del carmen duenas gomez, Cássio Van Den Berg, Ricardo Balam-Narváez
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Joanna Mytnik